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142-502: The Sucat–Paco–Araneta–Balintawak Transmission Line began construction in 1996 and went into service in July 2000 which took four years to complete because there is a right of way (ROW) or alignment constraints. The line was constructed to increase the transmission output in the urban grid in Metro Manila to cover the increasing demand for electricity and a contribution was to be made to ensuring

284-645: A municipality . President Ferdinand Marcos appointed his wife, First Lady Imelda Marcos , as the first governor of Metro Manila . She launched the City of Man campaign. The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex , Metropolitan Folk Arts Theater , Philippine International Convention Center , Coconut Palace and healthcare facilities such as the Lung Center of the Philippines , Philippine Heart Center , and

426-466: A public–private partnership (PPP) scheme. These plans would later be modified by the succeeding government under President Rodrigo Duterte . The NSCR was extended to New Clark City . It was also expanded to include the reconstruction of the Metro Commuter line, which was now also to be financed through ODA from Japan. Meanwhile, the planned long-haul portion of the south line was reconstituted as

568-581: A side platform layout. Most have only basic amenities, platforms and ticket booths. Rehabilitated stations along the Metro Manila line have been fitted with ramps for passengers using wheelchairs. Several stations have extended platforms, having an upper platform catering to DMU services, and a lower platform for regular locomotive-hauled services. As of August 2017, most of the stations are being extended and equipped with platform-length roofing, better ticketing office, and restrooms. Future railway systems under

710-465: A 36 station, 147 km (91 mi) elevated railway system from New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac to Calamba, Laguna. It will be the first electrified main line in the country. Construction oon the railway began in 2019. Once fully completed by 2025, it will accommodate at least 300,000 passengers between Northern Metro Manila and Bulacan alone. While the elevated line will be served by electrified trains,

852-683: A KiHa 59 and a rerailment train consisting of a newly repainted PNR 900 class locomotive and a CMC coach conducted a test run from Tutuban to Naga. The North Main Line was first opened when the Manila–Dagupan Railway was opened in 1892. At its height between the 1950s and 1960s, the line once boasted full double-track railways from Tutuban to Dagupan and also served until San Fernando, La Union . It also had branch lines to various areas in Central Luzon. However, its services severely deteriorated in

994-514: A bridge collapse. Services were then again cut short to Caloocan in 1988 during the term of President Corazon Aquino . However, commuter services were briefly extended to Malolos starting in 1990 under the Metrotren project and was later closed in 1997. When Fidel V. Ramos succeeded Aquino, he decided to rehabilitate the South Main Line from Tutuban to Legaspi, and appointed Jose B. Dado as

1136-432: A central terminal. It has three services: Tagkawayan-Naga (suspended), Sipocot-Naga (operational), and Naga-Legazpi (operational) The service was first launched on September 16, 2009 as Tagkawayan-Naga and Naga-Ligao. The trains were planned to make seven trips a day, alternating between Tagkawayan, Sipocot , Naga City and Legazpi. All services used KiHa 52 in revised blue livery. However after further reductions, only

1278-516: A coastal lagoon, and a beach. The framework of government and governance in Metro Manila is based on Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991" . This law outlines the powers and responsibilities of all local government units (LGUS) in the Philippines and thus forms the basis of inter-local governmental relations among the area's constituent local governments. The local government code grants these units significant political and administrative autonomy in accordance with

1420-711: A concurrent elected position such as mayor. Elfren Cruz was the last to serve as the Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila. Throughout 1988, unemployment among the country's regions was highest in Metro Manila, with 20.1% of the region's workforce being jobless according to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the National Statistics Office . In 2014, then-MMDA chairman Francis Tolentino proposed that San Pedro, Laguna be included in Metro Manila as its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in

1562-642: A continuous supply of electricity and to the macroeconomic objectives of growth and employment, and to address the Luzon power crisis from 1991 to 1993. It is one of the shortest transmission lines in the Philippines with its 34 kilometer span. The transmission line has four substations to connect but the ROW needs to be flexible which is the reason why the line uses the Skyway Stage 3 ROW. The electrical current heads south because

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1704-456: A controversy since 2008. In its February 5, 2013 order, the Makati RTC approved the request of the petitioners, referring the case back to another branch following the failure of the judicial dispute resolution. The case is still pending at its pre-trial stage. Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino : Kalakhang Maynila ), commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally

1846-417: A land where the steel pole will be located, the precast concrete foundation laid underground and a cement is added to create the pole's pedestal. Second, the pedestal laid ground, then backfill up some of remaining holes between the gap. Third, the poles were laid in three to six segments, the butt segment (the lowermost), mid segment which are between the butt and top segments, and the top segment. The second to

1988-690: A mostly-elevated rapid transit line from Diliman in Quezon City to Quiapo in Manila. In 2018, the PNR has said that it will help in building and operating the line. The line will have 11 stations on 9.4 kilometers (5.8 mi) of mostly elevated track. The project is currently awaiting approval from NEDA to proceed. It is also currently tackling right-of-way issues, such as that of the España Boulevard alignment. The South Long Haul project, also known as PNR Bicol,

2130-515: A motion to the Supreme Court asking that they be granted until January 31, 2009 to carry out activities and coordination works in alleviating the impact of the impending shutdown, but was refused and instead supported the Makati RTC's decision in shutting the transmission line down. The transmission towers stand on National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR/NPC) and National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) right-of-ways need to be reheighted to address

2272-554: A multitude of reasons which contributed to its decline, including natural disasters and a lack of support from the government. Government funding during the 1970s were shifted to road-based infrastructure such as highways. On July 23, 1979, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Executive Order No. 546, which designated the Philippine National Railways as an attached agency of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, now

2414-581: A near-stop while passing through the area. There are plans to revitalize both lines. The North Main Line is currently reserved for building the fully-elevated portion of the North–South Commuter Railway to Capas, Tarlac . The South Main Line is planned to be rebuilt and extended to Matnog, Sorsogon . The spur line to Batangas City will also be rebuilt. Test runs along the South Main Line were conducted in September 2019. On September 21, 2019,

2556-526: A new shuttle line was introduced with the 10th Avenue – Dela Rosa route since August 1, 2018, as part of the renovation of the line and the return of train services to Caloocan. The revived train service had its first extension towards Sangandaan , the original Caloocan station since September 10, extending through FTI . Since December 3, 2018, the line was extended northwards to Governor Pascual (formerly called Acacia) in Malabon, and since December 16, 2019,

2698-690: A new walled city of Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies. After setting up a settlement and consolidating some territorial holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as Manila . Later on, the Manila galleon continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing to Mexico Asian merchandise and cultural exchange. In the First Philippine Republic, the province included

2840-567: A position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. After World War II, in 1945, President Sergio Osmeña signed Executive Order No. 58, which dissolved the city of Greater Manila instituted by former President Quezon. World War II resulted in

2982-691: A rail line from Manila to Dagupan on June 1, 1887. The line opened as the Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan on November 24, 1892, and the Manila Railway Company was formally incorporated in Manila and in London. The Ferrocarril de Manila a Dagupan would eventually become the North Main Line , while services to Southern Luzon under the South Main Line would be completed by 1937. The Manila Railway

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3124-578: A relatively lengthy wet season that covers the remaining period with slightly cooler temperatures. In the wet season, it rarely rains all day, but rainfall is very heavy during short periods. Typhoons usually occur from June to September. There are four national parks in Metro Manila. These are the Rizal Park , Paco Park , and Fort Santiago in the City of Manila and Quezon Memorial National Park in Quezon City . Rizal Park and Paco Park are managed by

3266-658: A rerailment crew, including certain areas of Quezon Province, in preparation of the restoration of more routes previously suspended. First to be restored was the operation of the Naga-Sipocot segment of the Bicol Commuter service in 2022. On the 31th of July 2022, the PNR resumed operations between Ligao and Naga, with two daily trips in service. The Naga–Legazpi route was reopened on December 27, 2023, six years after its suspension in April 2017 due to insufficient trains. As of 2024 ,

3408-444: A result of the turnover from TransCo to NGCP, and Republic Act (RA) 9511 and concession agreement between both parties which authorized the latter to exercise the right of eminent domain necessary for the construction, expansion, and efficient maintenance and operation of the transmission system and grid and the efficient operation and maintenance of the subtransmission systems which have not yet been disposed by TransCo where NGCP acts as

3550-515: A single special fare matrix of ₱ 12.00 for ordinary, and ₱15.00 for air-conditioned. This was later extended to reach FTI in Taguig, now with a distance-based fare matrix. A Caloocan-Tutuban shuttle service also exists, using the original right-of-way once used for the Dagupan line. Originally terminating at 10th Avenue station while the historical Caloocan station was still being prepared for activation,

3692-536: A threat as well. Flooding is recurrent every year especially in low-lying areas of Valenzuela , Malabon , Caloocan , Navotas , Manila , Pasay , Parañaque , and Las Piñas , where flood are generally linked with the tidal movements in Manila Bay . Meanwhile, Marikina , Pasig , Taguig , and Pateros are areas inland that are also prone to flooding. These areas are located along the Marikina Valley where there

3834-462: A two-part to three-part power line. In 2018, a portal tower located between steel poles 53 and 54 ( (8LI1MNA-MUN)92 ) was removed and retired to give way for the widening of Lawton Avenue in Taguig . The spacers are crucial part of any power transmission lines. They help to maintain bundle spacing and prevents from arcing each other, which can cause power outages. The placing of spacers was carried from

3976-455: Is a state-owned railway company in the Philippines which operates one commuter rail service between Laguna and Quezon , and local services between Sipocot , Naga and Legazpi in the Bicol Region . It is an attached agency of the Department of Transportation . Philippine National Railways traces its roots to the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan, founded on November 24, 1892 during

4118-560: Is a planned reconstruction of the intercity line between Metro Manila and the Bicol Region. Originally proposed as a simple reconstruction of the existing network at narrow-gauge and a maximum speed of 75 km/h (47 mph), the project now involves a complete overhaul of the railway and its conversion to standard-gauge , replacing the existing line. The line will be initially built as a single-track system . However, there are provisions for an upgrade to double-track or electrification in

4260-603: Is currently offered between Tutuban and Alabang in Muntinlupa . Currently , MSC makes 32 return services, 16 in each direction. The Shuttle Service is a commuter rail service initially introduced on January 27, 2014. This service used Hyundai Rotem DMUs and JR KiHa 52. There were 2 routes of the Shuttle Service, where trains stop at all stations along the routes: Tutuban – Sucat and Santa Mesa – Sucat . This train service ended May 23, 2014, to conduct maintenance on

4402-622: Is divided into four geographic areas called "districts". The districts have their district centers at the four original cities in the region: the city-district of Manila (Capital District), Quezon City (Eastern Manila), Caloocan (Northern Manila, also informally known as Camanava ), and Pasay (Southern Manila). The districts serve mainly to organize the region's local government units for fiscal and statistical purposes. Philippine National Railways The Philippine National Railways ( PNR ) ( Filipino : Pambansang Daambakal ng Pilipinas ; Spanish : Ferrocarril Nacional de Filipinas )

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4544-574: Is installed on base or foundation of the steel pole (pedestal). The installation or erection and re-erection (for secondhand structures now being used with a new function or purpose and ignoring the older or original one as part of or in compliance with the plan of a particular transmission project associated with the power line whether that part of a project's plan was planned by NAPOCOR/NPC, TransCo, and NGCP) of each structures or facilities which are steel poles, lattice towers, and portal towers from pedestal or foundation to top segment can take 1–2 days, while

4686-709: Is more akin to the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the national government. All the main offices of the executive departments of the country are in Metro Manila. The Department of Agrarian Reform , Department of Agriculture , Department of Environment and Natural Resources , National Housing Authority and Philippine Coconut Authority has their main offices based around Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City . Manila ,

4828-417: Is now being planned. On November 16, 2018, PNR became a provisional member of International Union of Railways . On June 14, 2019, PNR became ISO 9001 -certified (ISO 9001:2015) for railway repair, rehabilitation, restoration and maintenance, train control and rolling stock maintenance, station operation and other related services. The certification was announced on October 2, 2019. On February 16, 2023,

4970-490: Is now considered Luzon island, or at least its southern portion, was called "Luzon the greater", while what is now considered Mindoro island was called "Luzon the lesser". Manila has historically been a global city due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with

5112-468: Is poor soil drainage and a shallow water table due to being in proximity to Laguna Bay's shores. Flood risks are generally lower in cities along the Guadalupe Plateau, including Quezon City , San Juan , Makati , Mandaluyong and Muntinlupa , where volcanic rocks rise up to 40 to 70 meters (130 to 230 ft) above sea level. Around five to seven typhoons hit Manila yearly. Manila was ranked as

5254-453: Is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines. Greater Manila is the fourth largest ASEAN country subdivision by GDP after Singapore , Jakarta and Bangkok . In 1975, in response to

5396-566: Is the latest project to revitalize both the historic North and South Main Lines, particularly sections in the Greater Manila Area . First planned in the 1990s, the project's previous incarnations were hounded by funding problems and disagreements. It finally came into shape in November 2017 after a resolution of a five-year dispute between the government and a Chinese contractor. The NSCR will be

5538-577: Is used on Paco–Araneta segment), Gabbie (flag anchor steel pole with crossarms also used on Paco–Araneta segment similar to Ike1 but having narrower steel crossarm to support the overhead ground wire (OHGW) and uses normal steel pole), and PTVR (anchor irregular design steel monopole). Ike1, Cabadbaran2, and Gabbie were introduced by NGCP due to the construction of Skyway Stage 3. The National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR/NPC)-era transmission structures that were retired from original use and ownership because of various projects made by National Grid Corporation of

5680-587: The Department of Science and Technology is based in Taguig while the Department of Tourism has its headquarters in Makati . Important economic and financial institutions headquartered in the region are the Asian Development Bank , Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , Development Bank of the Philippines , Land Bank of the Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority . The main office of

5822-412: The Department of Transportation (DOTr). However, it did not prevent the agency from suffering heavy losses. In 1983, underfunding has resulted in more cutting of services and the layoff of 1,000 employees which resulted in protests the following year. The decline of the railway became evident as sections of North Main Line closed in stages. In 1984, services were cut short to Paniqui , Tarlac due to

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5964-596: The Gov. Pascual to Bicutan and the Tutuban to Alabang segments for at least five years to make way for the construction of the North-South Commuter Railway (NSCR), which will run on the same route as the old tracks, albeit elevated and will use electrification and the standard gauge , the first in PNR. The old tracks beneath the elevated segments will be restored for future freight services as well as connection to

6106-954: The Government Service Insurance System in Pasay serves as home to the Senate of the Philippines . Meanwhile, the House of Representatives of the Philippines is based in the Batasang Pambansa Complex , Quezon City along with the Sandiganbayan . The Coconut Palace once served as the official office and residence of the Vice President of the Philippines in 2010–2016 and then the Quezon City Reception House for 2016-2022. The political and administrative boundaries of

6248-623: The INKA CC300 locomotive with 8300 class coaches for this service. The 8000 class DMUs occasionally perform MSC trips when the Hyundai Rotem DMUs occupy the Metro North Commuter trips. The GE locomotives formerly haul 7A-2000 12 series Commex passenger coaches. MSC service using the Hyundai Rotem DMUs, KiHa 52, KiHa 350 , 203 series EMUs, 8000 class and 8100 class DMUs, and the INKA CC300 locomotive with 8300 class coaches

6390-505: The Kidney Center of the Philippines are all constructed precisely for this purpose. The capital of the Philippines was re-designated to Manila in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940. The decree states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture. While

6532-665: The Marikina River provides water for industrial uses and discharge. The Laguna Lowlands is not only suitable for agriculture and aquaculture but also for industrial activity. Metro Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as earthquakes , floods , and typhoons . It is surrounded by active faults including the Marikina Valley Fault System . Other distant faults such as the Philippine Faults , Lubang Faults, Manila Trench and Casiguran Faults, are

6674-828: The National Capital Region ( NCR ; Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon ), is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of the Philippines . Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay , the region lies between the Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions. Encompassing an area of 636.00 km (245.56 sq mi) and with a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020, it consists of sixteen highly urbanized cities : Manila —the capital city— Caloocan , Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela , along with one independent municipality, Pateros . As

6816-659: The PNR South Main Line and eventually the South Long Haul . The PNR operates almost every day of the year unless otherwise announced. Special schedules via the social media pages of the agency and also in newspapers and other mass media. During Holy Week , a public holiday in the Philippines , operations are suspended for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and traffic around the metro. Normal operation resumes on Easter Sunday . The reactivated Metro North Commuter ran initially from Caloocan to Makati and uses

6958-480: The South Long Haul project, which would involve the reconstruction of the South Main Line. It was to be funded by China, although this was later withdrawn after several delays and a slow negotiation process with the Chinese government. Furthermore, all new railway lines were now to be constructed using standard gauge , as opposed to the narrow gauge that is currently in use by PNR. After nearly 20 years, PNR reopened

7100-609: The Southern Tagalog region being designated as Region IV-A. Finally, in 1978, Metro Manila became the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, discontinuing its numerical designation and reverting it to Southern Tagalog. Manila , to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, or between 400 and 1500s, due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo", and

7242-589: The Spanish colonial period , and later becoming the Manila Railroad Company (MRR) during the American colonial period . Founded on June 20, 1964, by virtue of Republic Act No. 4156, the PNR used to operate over 1,100 km (684 mi) of route from La Union to the Bicol Region. However, neglect reduced the railway's service, and persistent problems with informal settlers in the 1990s and natural disasters in

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7384-405: The 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves. On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of

7526-722: The 1960s due to the trains' popularity as a form of transportation with the masses. Freight services used to be a key component of PNR's operations, and the same applies to its predecessors being the Manila Railway and Railroad companies. Freight services lasted until 2003 when International Container Terminal Services used PNR tracks to transfer intermodal containers from the Port of Manila to its facility in Cabuyao , Laguna. Since then, there have been proposals to revive freight services as part of its PNR Long Haul projects. The Manila Railroad

7668-480: The 1980s. All regular operations outside Metro Manila ended in 1988. However, there was irregular service to Meycauayan railway station until all stations in Central Luzon were closed by the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo . Intercity services on the South Main Line ran between Manila and Legazpi between 1916 and 2014, including the intermittent Bicol Express and Mayon/Isarog Limited services between 2009 and 2014. The services also briefly extended to Sorsogon in

7810-399: The 2000s contributed further to its decline. The government is currently in the process of reinvesting in the railway through numerous projects set to revive defunct lines and create new ones. The origins of the Philippine National Railways can be traced to Edmund Sykes's concession, the Manila Railway Company, Limited. Sykes was granted concession rights by the Spanish government to construct

7952-450: The Balintawak–Araneta segment (1–53) and 167 on the Araneta–Paco and Paco–Sucat segments (1–8, 30-149, 150A, 150B, and 155–185)), 26 lattice towers (9-29, 150, and 151–154), and 1 portal tower located between steel poles 49 and 50 ( (8LI1MNA-MUN)97 ) totaling to 246 transmission structures. Steel poles have flag tower design (suspension and anchor variants), while lattice towers have incomplete tower design. Portal towers are used on portions of

8094-421: The Clark railway project cancelled due to disagreement on the source of funding. The government under the administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo actively pursued the rehabilitation of the Philippine National Railways through various investments and projects designed to revive Philippine rail transport, despite the numerous problems involved. This encompassed three major projects: Northrail, Southrail, and

8236-400: The Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau, Marikina Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands. The Coastal Margin or Lowland is a flat and low plain that faces Manila Bay . Located here is Manila , Navotas , parts of Malabon , and the western part and reclaimed areas of Pasay and Parañaque , where the ground elevation ranges from zero meters on Manila Bay to five meters (16 ft) at the west side of

8378-412: The Department of Transportation announced a temporary suspension of operations of the PNR system for five years to give way for the construction of the NSCR. Transport Undersecretary for Railways Cesar Chavez said that the temporary suspension would save the government ₱15 billion while construction on the new railway line is ongoing. The Alabang–Calamba segment was the first to be closed on July 2, while

8520-497: The Dominicans during the Spanish colonial period. Filipino Landscape architect IP Santos , the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture", was commissioned to do the design of converting the former cemetery into a park. Manila Zoo is the oldest zoo in Asia, which was founded in 1959. It is the home to more than a thousand animals from 90 different species including the 40-year-old elephant, Mali. The zoo has an average of 4,000 visitors weekly. An estimated 40,000 tourists visit

8662-493: The Hermosa–Duhat–Balintawak transmission line connects to Balintawak substation making the power line third of five lines forming the transmission network from Bataan Combined Cycle Power Plant (BCCPP) in Limay , Bataan to Calaca Power Plant in Calaca , Batangas and six to Mak–Ban Geothermal Power Plant in Santo Tomas also in Batangas and Bay in Laguna , and its frequency is 60.14 Hz (every transmission line in Philippines have 60 hertz). There are no loads measured but

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8804-430: The Manila Bay Beach Resort. Rizal Park , also known as Luneta Park, is considered the largest urban park in Asia with an area of 58 hectares (140 acres). The park along with the historic walled area of Intramuros are designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone according to the Tourism Act of 2009. Paco Park is a recreational garden which was once the city's municipal cemetery built by

8946-483: The Manila Railroad was reorganized into the Philippine National Railways. The Philippine National Railways was created in 1964 through the Republic Act 4156 during the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal . According to the PNR's website, the agency experienced its heyday during its early years in the 1960s and early 1970s, as it served thousands of daily riders in its system and had an expansive commuter rail network in and out of Metro Manila . The PNR later suffered from

9088-402: The Metro North Commuter line, and launched the Caloocan–Dela Rosa shuttle line, on August 1, 2018. This would be followed by a steady expansion and reintroduction of rail services to the north, currently reaching to Malabon, which has not seen rail activity for nearly 20 years. A plan to reactivate the Carmona line was bared as well, and the revival of cargo rail from Port Area, Manila to Laguna

9230-400: The National Capital Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of sixteen independent cities , classified as highly urbanized cities , and one independent municipality: Pateros . Unlike other administrative regions in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of provinces . Instead, the region

9372-436: The National Parks and Development Committee (NPDC), while Fort Santiago is managed by the Intramuros Administration . A tripartite agreement between the Quezon City Government, the National Historical Institute and the NPDC transferred the management of Quezon Memorial National Park to the Quezon City Government. The region also has three protected areas , namely the Rizal Park, Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center and

9514-436: The North Main Line and Legazpi, Albay on the South Main Line. Various branch lines also led to Batangas , Cavite , Nueva Ecija , Rizal and Tarlac . One of the branch lines that led to Carmona was intended to be reopened by 2019. This was not yet realized as of March 2020 , presumably due to the COVID-19 pandemic , among other developments. On March 27, 2024, the PNR suspended its operations in Metro Manila, specifically

9656-529: The Northrail–Southrail Linkage, which was designed to connect the two systems. The 320-kilometer (200-mile) Northrail project aimed to revive the North Main Line from Caloocan to San Fernando, La Union . The initial phase involved the upgrading of the existing single track to an elevated dual-track system, converting the rail gauge from narrow gauge to standard gauge , and linking Manila to Malolos in Bulacan and further on to Angeles City , Clark Special Economic Zone , Clark International Airport . Although

9798-444: The PNR, called the North–South Railway Project (NSRP), was approved by the government. It involved two lines, NSRP North and South. The north line is analogous to the existing North Main Line; its first phase is the North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), a 37-kilometer (23-mile), electrified narrow gauge commuter railway from Tutuban to Malolos funded through official development assistance (ODA) from Japan. The second phase entailed

9940-459: The PNR, such as the North–South Commuter Railway line, will have elevated, at-grade, and depressed stations similar to that of Manila LRT and MRT stations. The PNR system has suffered from decades of neglect and therefore, several plans to restore and expand the network has been proposed by various administrations. The Republic of Korea , the People's Republic of China , Japan and Indonesia have contributed to these plans. Most of these concern

10082-505: The Philippines (NGCP) on the line were stored on various substations for those unused for a while. Most people know that the unused retired structures are stored in a structure's graveyard but it is not. They are stored in various substations for future other uses with their new ownership. The transmission line was originally operated, maintained, and owned by the government-owned National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR/NPC) from July 2000 to March 1, 2003. Operations, maintenance, and ownership of

10224-567: The Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Raja Matanda, then still a young man, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet. Some Luzonians in

10366-812: The Sucat–Paco and Araneta–Balintawak segments. The Sucat–Paco–Araneta–Balintawak Transmission Line passes through the cities of Muntinlupa , Taguig , Makati , Manila , and Quezon City . The Sucat–Paco and Paco–Araneta segments are under NGCP's South Luzon Operations and Maintenance (SLOM) District 1 (South Western Tagalog) while the Araneta–Balintawak segment is under North Luzon Operations and Maintenance (NLOM) District 7 (National Capital Region). The transmission line starts at Sucat Substation where it parallels Manuel L. Quezon Avenue and Laguna Lake Highway before it turns left. It then passes to Diego Silang Village and parallels with Carlos P. Garcia Avenue . It goes to

10508-891: The Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan. In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as Tondo ( Tundók ), Malate ( Maalát ), Navotas ( Nabútas ), Tambobong ( Tambúbong ), Taguig ( Tagiig ), Parañaque ( Palanyág ), Cainta ( Kay Intâ ), and Pateros. Shortly after Raja Matanda's birth, sometime around

10650-572: The Tutuban–Alabang segment followed suit on March 28, 2024. New PUV franchises traversing parallel the PNR route were issued to compensate for the five-year closure. Services in the Bicol Region were expanded on December 23, 2023. The PNR currently operates in Laguna, and Quezon province and Bicol region. At the last years of regular intercity service along the system's entire length in the late 1980s, it served from Tutuban to San Fernando, La Union on

10792-416: The bucket truck or spacer cart (a cart is used on EHV transmission lines and UHV transmission lines and used as spacer placing). In case of Sucat-Paco-Araneta-Balintawak transmission line, the method is to using spacer cart of NAPOCOR/NPC since the line was higher and hard to reach up (later TransCo from March 1, 2003 to January 15, 2009 and NGCP since January 15, 2009). During its final stringing of conductors,

10934-731: The capital city of the country, is the home to Malacañan Palace , the official residence and office of the President of the Philippines . The city is also the home to the Supreme Court of the Philippines . Other key national institutions based in Manila are the Court of Appeals , the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , and the Departments of Budget and Management , Finance , Health , Justice , Labor and Employment and Public Works and Highways . Meanwhile,

11076-423: The cities of Mandaluyong and Makati . The Coastal Lowland possesses resources for offshore fisheries and fishpond development, and various reclamation projects in the area are meant for mixed-use urban development. The Central or Guadalupe Plateau is the most adaptable to urban development activities not only because of its solid geographical foundations but also because of its existing infrastructure links with

11218-472: The cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan , Makati , Mandaluyong , Parañaque , Pasay , and San Juan . Jorge Vargas was appointed as its first mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as assistant mayors in their town. This was to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have

11360-399: The completion of a right-of-way (ROW) or portion of a transmission line which involves structures are all installed or placed on lands already acquired and designated where they are located on that ROW depends on the power line portion's amount of structures, length, and how long do the structures or components part of that ROW arrive or be delivered which can range from days to years. First, on

11502-526: The completion of the line's cut-in connection to Manila Electric Company (Meralco) Paco Substation in October 2012, it was a two-part power line. Due to the construction of the line's cut-in connection to Meralco Paco Substation, two new steel poles were added between poles 143 and 144 of the Sucat–Araneta segment of the line. This cut-in connection to the said substation also made the transmission line from being

11644-620: The construction of NLEX Segment 10.1 . However, despite the new rails being removed again, the at-grade reconstructed lines will be retained and are targeted for freight use as well as part of the system's extension/reintroduction to the north. The trains used in this service was the Hyundai Rotem DMUs and 8000 class DMUs , with the KiHa 52 DMU and KiHa 350 DMU formerly used in this service. The Metro Commuter (also known by then-remaining active service MSC or Metro South Commuter ), which

11786-501: The construction of the transmission line. A case was filed in Makati Regional and Metropolitan Trial Court (Makati RTC) in 2000, but was raised to the Supreme Court after failed negotiations. Responding to the petition filed by the residents, the Supreme Court ruled in 2006 that the safety issue of the lines was "evidentiary in nature," although they took note of the potential health risks due to EMF radiation exposure with regards to

11928-509: The current territory of Metropolitan Manila, the towns of Caloocan , Las Piñas , Mariquina (now Marikina), Pasig , Parañaque , Malabon , Navotas , San Juan del Monte (now San Juan), San Pedro de Macati (now Makati), San Felipe Neri (now Mandaluyong), Muntinlupa and the Taguig - Pateros area were designated to Rizal, with Pasig being the provincial capital. On the other hand, Polo (now Valenzuela) remained in Bulacan . Manila in 1901

12070-510: The early 1500s while he was raja muda or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as Queen Regent of Luzon. By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before

12212-473: The existing lines below will be used for freight trains and/or existing commuter trains. As part of the infrastructure program by president Rodrigo Duterte , East-West Rail was proposed by the East-West Rail Transit Corp., a consortium between Megawide, A. Brown Company Inc., and Private Equity Investment and Development Corp. It involves the financing, design, construction, and maintenance of

12354-571: The first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the MMDA . Senator Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III filed Senate Bill No. 3029, which seeks to create San Pedro as a separate legislative district to commence in the next national and local elections if the bill was passed into law. In April 2022, Makati lost the territorial dispute with Taguig, which

12496-457: The former is to handle all existing cases, including right-of-way and claims which accrued prior to the transfer of power grid operations and maintenance to the latter on January 15, 2009. Below is the table showing the ownership information on each lands where the structures and their respective foundations and pedestals stand, and right-of-way. The SLEx (Makati) – Bonifacio Heights (Taguig) segment of Sucat–Paco–Araneta–Balintawak Transmission Line

12638-522: The future. Stations will be allowed to use passing sidings so that express train travel is uninterrupted. President Rodrigo Duterte expressed his support for the establishment of a railway system in the entire island of Mindanao which could be in operation after his term ends. The railway system to be built in Mindanao will have about 2,000 kilometers of track, and considered one of Rodrigo Duterte's primary infrastructure projects. The first phase, which

12780-509: The heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila. After destroying Manila, the Spanish set up a settlement to secure territory on the same site on the Luzon island for the Spanish ruler. Initially enclosed in wood, much later in stone,

12922-507: The information, was not publicly available. With the construction of the Skyway Stage 3, several steel poles are being replaced by newer ones specifically those along the Araneta segment and also added new poles on certain portions of the line. The newer steel poles were made of porcelain discs (15) and 3 horizontal pole-mounted porcelain insulator . Since the construction of Skyway Stage 3 ,

13064-1010: The last segment to the top and the top segment are where the insulators are placed and a steel crossarm is placed for a top segment of suspension steel poles with flag design. Fourth, the insulators were attached. Steel poles of the Araneta–Balintawak segment use square piles, while the Sucat–Paco and Paco–Araneta segments have a concrete over a square pile. Poles of the relocated segments of the line, however, use circular piles. The transmission structure types are: steel monopole (used on relocated steel poles of Araneta-Balintawak and Paco-Araneta segments along Araneta Avenue , and on poles with irregular design), normal steel pole, lattice tower, and portal tower (located near Lawton Avenue ). The name of these structures are: Ike1 (tall anchor steel monopole, used on Araneta Avenue and Skyway Stage 3 ), Ike2 (flag anchor steel pole), Cabadbaran1 (flag suspension steel pole), Cabadbaran2 (flag suspension steel pole with custom braced line post insulators attachment to conductor, it

13206-579: The launch of new diesel multiple units from Hyundai Rotem . This coincided with PNR's rebranding under a new brand name, PNR Filtrack , although the succeeding administration decided to revert these changes. While plans for Southrail were not fully realized, the initial phase of the linkage project from Caloocan to Alabang, financed by the Export–Import Bank of Korea and the Korean Economic Development Cooperation Fund,

13348-445: The left again, passing through Manila American Cemetery and Bonifacio Heights before paralleling to South Luzon Expressway (SLEx) from Maricaban Creek to Magallanes Interchange and Osmeña Highway from Magallanes Interchange to Quirino Avenue . At Magallanes Interchange, it crosses to Epifanio delos Santos Avenue (EDSA). It continues on a straight route and after crossing Gil Puyat Avenue are 7 new steel poles that were used for

13490-403: The line then transferred to another government corporation National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) on March 1, 2003 where it operated and maintained the line until January 15, 2009. The line's operations and maintenance was transferred to privately-owned National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) on January 15, 2009 where it now operates and maintains the power line since then. As

13632-672: The line where it intersects with another power line. It has a length of 34 kilometers (21 mi) and is a single-circuit, double-bundle power line. The highest elevation segment are the Paco-Araneta and Araneta-Balintawak segments, utilizing the Skyway Stage 3 and steel poles are 60-70m tall and they use anchor flag design poles. The segments are half Chinese design (most of the steel poles imported from China, and owned by TransCo and operated and maintained by NGCP for existing segments and poles while relocated portions and their poles are owned, operated and maintained by NGCP). From July 2000 until

13774-511: The loss of more than 100,000 lives in the battle of Manila in 1945. Most of the developments in Burnham's design were also destroyed. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the national capital in 1948 and later expanded to the areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Caloocan, Marikina, and San Mateo, Rizal . On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission

13916-399: The need to sustain and provide integrated services to the growing population, the built-up area centered on Manila was formally recognized as a metropolitan area through Presidential Decree No. 824. A year later, Presidential Decree No. 879 established Metro Manila as an administrative region, retaining its earlier status as a metropolis, and was designated as Region IV, with the remainder of

14058-492: The new PNR general manager. A railway system running from Manila to Clark was also set to be constructed in the 1990s, when Ramos signed a memorandum of agreement with Juan Carlos I of Spain for its construction in September 1994. Another project, called the Manila–Calabarzon Express, sought to rehabilitate the south commuter line in Manila and construct spur lines. However, the two projects were not implemented, with

14200-515: The newer design is flag design with the deadend insulators (made of polymer /porcelain) As of 2016, the base of the transmission line segment of Sucat–Paco, Paco–Araneta, and Araneta–Balintawak segment have a large and tall circular pile with the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) new reflective reference tag (Araneta–Balintawak) and NAPOCOR/NPC steel pole and lattice tower numbers with NGCP's reference tags since 2015 on

14342-569: The northwestern side of the plateau. The area becomes narrower along the Pasig River . The Marikina Valley is a floodplain along the Marikina River and a delta along Laguna de Bay . Its elevation ranges from two meters (6 ft 7 in) on the Laguna de Bay side to 30 meters (98 ft) on its north side towards Montalban. It is surrounded by the Central Plateau and mountains of Rizal. It has fertile land suitable for crop cultivation while

14484-462: The objective of replacing Manila as the capital city of the Philippines. A design for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the abandonment of Burnham's design for Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital In 1942, during the World War II , President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure, merging

14626-532: The permanent closure of the northern line in 1991. However, PNR also ended its regular intercity services in 2006 due to natural disasters and poor track conditions, although the Bicol Express ran irregularly between 2009 and 2014. In Camarines Sur, liquefaction of the track's embankment caused a section of the line in Sipocot to sink. This allowed the inaugural service of the new Bicol Express in 2011 to slow down to

14768-477: The prevalence of the placename during the rule of Raja Matanda, the old King of Luzon, who was born in the early 1500s. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-". As for Luzon, what

14910-510: The principles of decentralization and devolution of power. This situation presents a challenge to the coordination of policy and service delivery across the multiple autonomous local government units and is thus the underlying dilemma of metropolitan governance in Metro Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the agency responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection. Previously Metro Manila

15052-648: The project was under the North Luzon Railways Corporation (NLRC), the Northrail project aimed to utilize the existing right of way of the North Main Line for most of its route. The Southrail project, conceptualized when the PNR and Daewoo conducted a feasibility study, involved the rehabilitation of the entire South Main Line from Calamba to Lucena , and later to Legazpi, Albay , with a new extension to Matnog . The linkage project aimed to connect

15194-412: The public on December 3, 2018. Another extension, this time targeting Valenzuela City (Polo area) has been bared on August 14, 2019, and will require rebuilding a railway bridge crossing Tullahan river that has been previously demolished. The line is provisional, and services were interrupted with the construction of NSCR elevated tracks underway, with the northern area commencing upon the conclusion of

15336-566: The railway continued, with the San Cristobal bridge in Calamba, Laguna being rebuilt in May 2011. The Bicol Express train service was inaugurated on June 29, with a maiden voyage between Manila and Naga, Camarines Sur plus a return trip back to the terminus on July 1. This inaugural trip was marred by the collapse of the embankment at Malaguico, Sipocot. It was discovered before the train passed through and

15478-408: The rebuilding of the line's long-haul services to La Union. Meanwhile, the south line included the reconstruction of the existing Metro Commuter line from Tutuban to Calamba as well as the rehabilitation of the South Main Line with an extension up to Matnog, Sorsogon and a branch line from Calamba to Batangas. The latter phase of the north line, as well as the entire south line, were to be funded through

15620-611: The relocation of the line due to the construction of Skyway Stage 3. It crosses to San Andres Bukid and Paco . Near Paco Substation, the two broader Meralco transmission steel poles and one belonging to Sucat–Paco–Araneta–Balintawak line itself anchoring it before entering Paco Substation. The cut-in connection to Meralco Paco substation is located in this district, where the line's Sucat–Paco section ends. The line parallels to Tomas Claudio Street (or Paco–Santa Mesa Road), PNR Metro Commuter railroad and Magsaysay Boulevard , turns left to Gregorio Araneta Avenue and run parallel with

15762-404: The rest of Luzon. It is mainly residential and includes the densely populated areas of Metro Manila such San Juan , Makati and Quezon City , as well as most parts of Caloocan and Mandaluyong . The ground elevation ranges from 20 to 40 meters (66 to 131 ft) and gradually becomes lower towards its western side, while ground elevation ranges from 70 to 100 meters (230 to 330 ft) towards

15904-428: The rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that temperatures are hot year-round, rarely going below 15 °C or above 39 °C. Temperature extremes have ranged from 14.4 °C on January 11, 1914, to 38.8 °C on April 27, 2024. Humidity levels are usually very high all year round. Manila has a distinct dry season from December through April, and

16046-418: The revitalization and modernization projects of the mainlines in Luzon. The government plans a complete overhaul of the PNR system, which involves electrification and conversion from narrow gauge to standard gauge , as well as from single to double track . The standard gauge system is estimated to have a total track length of around 4,000 km (2,500 mi). The North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR)

16188-473: The rolling stocks and due to the consecutive three weeks of delays and cancellations of this train service. Formerly, plans for a third route plying Alabang – Calamba was to be introduced sometime in 2017. This service would use the reliveried two-car KiHa 350; This did not push through in 2018. However, with the commissioning of the new DOST Hybrid Train in 2019, this route is now under test run, currently free of charge, but with limited schedules. In 2018,

16330-541: The said avenue and Skyway Stage 3 , and the line's Paco–Araneta section ends at Araneta Substation. The line continues paralleling Araneta Avenue and Skyway Stage 3 until it passes to Valentin Ventura Street, Tuktukan Street, and Kaingin Road before it crosses to EDSA. It turns left and after a few meters is the transmission line's terminus which is Balintawak Substation. The transmission line consists of 219 steel poles (53 on

16472-614: The scientific studies. The Court also added that long-term human safety should be of paramount importance as opposed to the presumption of economic benefits. Citing the said ruling, the Makati RTC in October 2008 obliged the National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) to "de-energize" the Sucat–Paco–Araneta–Balintawak Transmission Line. TransCo vice president for operations Carlito Claudio warned in November 2008 that complete retirement of

16614-588: The second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines, it ranks as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 6th most populous urban area in the world . The region is the center of culture (including arts and entertainment), economy , education and government of the Philippines . Designated as a global power city , the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It

16756-449: The second riskiest capital city after Tokyo to live in according to Swiss Re . According to the Köppen climate classification , there are two climates in Metro Manila. Most of the region has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) while the northeastern part of the region that lies on the foothills of Sierra Madre has a tropical monsoon climate . Together with

16898-534: The service between Sipocot and Naga was operating by December 2013. Service resumed between Naga and Legazpi on September 18, 2015, with one train a day. However, services were again cut in April 2017 due to an absence of rolling stock, which was worsened by a succession of typhoons that damaged railroads in the Bicol region. Definitive plans to restore the entire route from Sipocot, Naga and Legazpi were bared with an inspection trip from Tutuban on September 20, 2019, with

17040-657: The shuttle service was extended southwards to Bicutan as its new terminus from FTI. A new shuttle line leading to the once-abandoned Carmona branch line is planned for reopening in 2019 , and will originate from the Dela Rosa station in Makati City. The Bicol Commuter service is a commuter rail service in the Bicol Region, between stations in Tagkawayan, Quezon , and Legazpi, Albay , with Naga in Camarines Sur acting as

17182-400: The spacer placing took place. There are 6 spacer carts per line span. If there was a broken spacer (like snapping), it will replaced with the new spacer damper or springed spacer. Most portions of a transmission line use moving-joint spacers and weighed damper (spacer), used in relocated segments of the line. The steel poles are made of galvanized steel and they have a height of 30-70m tall. It

17324-564: The station now terminates at its originally intended station since September 10. DOTr and PNR have laid out plans in reactivating rail services in areas prepared for NorthRail, such as Malabon and possibly Valenzuela. First proposed and planned last September 2018, the extension to Gov. Pascual Avenue and the re-establishment of the Governor Pascual Station (formerly called Acacia Station) in Malabon has been done, with new rail ties and narrow gauge rail tracks restored. It reopened to

17466-611: The structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. Mayors in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act No. 7924, creating the present-day Metropolitan Manila Development Authority . The chairperson of the agency would be appointed by the President and should not have

17608-648: The temporary owner of these assets and facilities and they will be transferred to TransCo once the 50-year NGCP concession period ends on December 1, 2058, lands where the transmission structures stand and their pedestals or foundations and right-of-way or portions of a power line acquired and designated, and facilities built or placed from January 15, 2009 (new steel poles built due to the construction of Skyway Stage 3 ) are operated, maintained, and owned by NGCP, while those that were placed or built, acquired, and designated from July 2000 to January 14, 2009 are owned by TransCo and operated and maintained by NGCP, as one mandate of

17750-568: The then-newly formed region was designated as the seat of government . President Marcos was overthrown in a non-violent revolution along EDSA , which lasted four days in late February 1986. The popular uprising, now known as the People Power Revolution , made international headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world". In 1986, President Corazon Aquino laid down the Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing

17892-515: The train used for the Naga-Legazpi Route is the 8300 class coaches pulled by a INKA CC300 locomotive. While the 8000 class DMU is used in the Naga - Sipocot Line. PNR's intercity operations on its two main lines, the North Main Line and South Main Line , both located in Luzon, have been indefinitely suspended since 2014. The South Main Line then served as the primary intercity service after

18034-576: The transmission line could trigger "hours-long rotating blackouts , just like during the power crisis in the 1990s," that might adversely impact the country's leading economic hubs of Makati and Ortigas , and added the unfeasibility of building an alternate underground cable line that would cost ₱1 billion. Former TransCo president Alan Ortiz noted the transmission line as a crucial line, and said claims of electromagnetic radiation associated with high-voltage transmission lines like this "have yet to be 100-percent scientifically established." TransCo submitted

18176-580: The two, and ensure compatibility of the signaling and communication systems of the two lines while retaining the rail gauge as narrow gauge despite the planned gauge conversion. On September 14, 2002, a memorandum of understanding was signed by NLRC and China National Machinery and Equipment Group (CNMEG) for the Northrail project. The Northrail project was contracted out by the Arroyo administration in 2003 to China National Machinery and Equipment Corporation (CNMEC) for an original cost of $ 421 million. This project

18318-436: The walled city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the provincial capital from 1898 to 1899. However, despite almost the entirety of the territory being occupied by Philippine forces, the walled city of Manila was occupied by Spanish forces. During American rule, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of Rizal on June 11, 1901, by Act No. 137. In

18460-717: The zoo each month. La Mesa Ecopark is a 33-hectare well-developed sanctuary around the La Mesa Watershed. It was established through a joint partnership between the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System , ABS-CBN , and the Quezon City Government. La Mesa Ecopark , along with the Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center , are important nature reserves in the Philippines. The Las Piñas - Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA)

18602-596: Was also created to manage the region. On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines. When Metro Manila was established, there were four cities, Manila , Quezon City , Caloocan , Pasay and the thirteen municipalities of Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasig , Pateros , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela . At present, all but one of these municipalities have become independent chartered cities; only Pateros still remains as

18744-723: Was also the owner of the Manila Hotel during its early years prior to its handover to the Government Services Insurance System . They also hosted "hospital trains" in the 1930s, with 70 class tank locomotive No. 79 and a converted American Car-built express coach used as a hospital . The Philippine National Railways operates on two main lines, the North Main Line and the South Main Line , alongside three major spur lines, which served various parts of Luzon with its 138 (once) active stations. All PNR stations were and are presently at-grade , with most stations using

18886-434: Was completed in 2010. Total reconstruction of rail bridges and tracks, including replacement of the current 35-kilogram (77-pound) track with newer 50-kilogram (110-pound) tracks and the refurbishing of stations, were part of the rehabilitation and expansion process. Northrail was finally cancelled in 2011 by President Benigno Aquino III on lingering legal issues and corruption allegations. Nevertheless, rehabilitation of

19028-628: Was composed of Binondo , Ermita , Intramuros , Malate , Manila, Pandacan , Quiapo , Sampaloc , San Fernando de Dilao , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Ana de Sapa , Santa Cruz , and Tondo . In the American rule, the American architect Daniel Burnham was commissioned to propose a Plan of Manila for the Philippine government. In 1939, during the Philippine Commonwealth , President Manuel L. Quezon established Quezon City with

19170-595: Was criticized by the residents living along the Tamarind Road in Dasmariñas Village, Makati, who claimed the transmission line pose health risks. The said segment is located within 10 meters of Tamarind Road in the said village. The residents, led by Atty. Eduardo F. Hernandez, blamed the electromagnetic fields (EMF) emanated by the 230-kV power lines for such health issues as cancer , leukemia , and miscarriage . They also took note of no consultation with regards to

19312-739: Was declared as a critical habitat by the Government of the Philippines in 2007 and was listed by the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Importance in 2013. LPPCHEA is composed of the Freedom Island in Parañaque and the Long Island in Las Piñas that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight species, tidal mudflats , secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant vegetation,

19454-443: Was estimated to cost around US$ 500 million, with China offering to provide some US$ 400 million in concessionary financing. Early construction began in 2006. However, the project would soon be plagued by a series of irregularities involving the foreign contractor, leading to repeated halts and restarts of the project; the cost of the railway later surged to US$ 2 billion. On July 14, 2009, President Arroyo presided over

19596-482: Was formerly called Commuter Express (also Commex ), serves as the commuter rail service for the Manila metropolitan area , extending as far south as Calamba and Los Baños , both in Laguna. The PNR uses GE locomotives such as 900 Class , 2500 Class , and 5000 Class hauling 203 series EMUs, including 18 (3 car trains, 6 sets) Hyundai Rotem DMUs , KiHa 52 DMUs, the PT INKA 8000 class DMUs , 8100 class DMUs , and

19738-623: Was governed by a regional government authority, the Metro Manila Commission and was led by a governor . A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new governing body in Metro Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have police and other typical municipal powers and

19880-606: Was later renamed the Manila Railroad Company in 1906 and became a state-owned enterprise in 1916. By 1923, the MRR elected José Paez as its first Filipino general manager . By 1939, the MRR had 1,140 kilometers (710 mi) of track throughout Luzon. However, the MRR's network and fleet was heavily destroyed during World War II . With most of the railroads rebuilt by the 1950s, the MRR initiated its transition from steam to diesel power . Flagship services with steam ended on August 12, 1956, while regular services ended in 1963. Not long after,

20022-536: Was repaired. The restored Bicol Express intercity service was offered on a daily basis, running mostly during nighttime. Following a derailment incident, the Bicol Express service was indefinitely suspended on October 26, 2012, leaving only the Metro Commuter Line in operation. Despite attempts to restart and reconfigure the Northrail project, by 2015, it was replaced by a new project that sought to revitalize

20164-464: Was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. Ten barangays, including the Embo barangays, were thus transferred to Taguig . Metro Manila is located in the southwestern portion of Luzon . The region lies along the flat alluvial lands extending from the mouth of the Pasig River in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina Valley in the east. The region is geographically divided into 4 zones:

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