112-528: Studsgade is a street in Aarhus which runs north to south from Nørreport to Klostergade and Graven . The street is situated in the historic Latin Quarter neighborhood and is home to four listed buildings . The street has existed since at least the 1400s, when it was known as Sturisgade and Stus Gaden , probably for councillor Jep Sture, who had a house there. It was officially given its current name in 1796. In
224-550: A rewilding effort in Geding-Kasted Bog and continuous monitoring of the four Natura 2000 areas in the municipality. Aarhus has a population of 261,570 on 91 square kilometres (35 sq mi) for a density of 2,874/km (7,444/sq mi). Aarhus municipality has a population of 330,639 on 468 km with a density of 706/km (1,829/sq mi). Less than a fifth of the municipal population resides beyond city limits and almost all live in an urban area. The population of Aarhus
336-472: A central component in the local economy. The biotech industry is well-established in the city, with many small- and medium-sized companies mainly focused on research and development. There are multiple Big Tech companies with offices in the city, including Uber and Google . Several major companies are headquartered in Aarhus, including four of the ten largest in the country. These include Arla Foods , one of
448-558: A competition for the design of Århus City Hall it was with yet another controversial design. It was deemed too modern and too anti-monumental. In the end Jacobsen had to add a tower as well as marble cladding. Still, it is considered one of his most important buildings. It consists of three offset volumes. During World War II , scarcity of building materials and Nazi racial laws against Jewish citizens made assignments difficult to obtain. In 1943, due to his Jewish background, Arne Jacobsen had to flee his office and go into exile to escape
560-506: A dark grey; the steps, only a few millimeters thick, are stainless steel with a rubber coating on the upper side for better grip. The Munkegaard School consists of pavilions connected by glass corridors, arranged in a grid system around small courtyards. It received considerable attention in international school circles and contributed to his growing international reputation. With the SAS Royal Hotel , built from 1956 to 1960, Jacobsen
672-409: A few kilometres south of the Aarhus city centre. The centre of Aarhus was originally a pagan burial site until Aarhus's first Christian church, Holy Trinity Church, a timber structure, was built upon it during the reign of Frode , King of Jutland, around 900. The bishopric of Aarhus dates back to at least 948 when Adam of Bremen reported that the missionary bishop Reginbrand of Aros attended
784-416: A few so-called ghettos , defined as residential areas with more than half of inhabitants from non-Western countries and with relatively high levels of poverty and/or crime. Gellerup is the most notable neighbourhood in that respect. The ghetto-labelling has been criticized as unnecessarily stigmatising and counterproductive for social and economical development of the related areas. The economy of Aarhus
896-533: A gold medal. After completing architecture school, he first worked at city architect Poul Holsøe's architectural practice. In 1929, in collaboration with Flemming Lassen , he won a Danish Architect's Association competition for designing the "House of the Future" which was built full scale at the subsequent exhibition in Copenhagen's Forum . It was a spiral-shaped, flat-roofed house in glass and concrete, incorporating
1008-479: A more experimental phase. He moved into one of the Søholm houses and lived there until his death. Rødovre Town Hall , built from 1952 to 1956, shows how well Jacobsen combined the use of different materials: sandstone, two types of glass, painted metalwork and stainless steel. It is also noted for its central staircase, suspended from the roof on orange-red steel rods. The sides are cut from 5 cm steel plate, painted
1120-422: A new business and residential quarter. The main bus terminal close by is planned to be moved to the central railway station and the site will be redeveloped to a new residential neighbourhood. Elsewhere in the inner city, the site of the former Ceres breweries was redeveloped in 2012–2019 as a new mixed use neighbourhood known as CeresByen . Construction of Aarhus Letbane , the first light rail system in
1232-626: A period of creativity and optimism; Gaffa and the KaosPilot school were founded in 1983 and 1991 respectively, and Aarhus was at the centre of a renaissance in Danish rock and pop music launching bands and musicians such as TV2 , Gnags , Thomas Helmig , Bamses Venner , Anne Dorte Michelsen , Mek Pek and Shit & Chanel . Since the turn of the millennium, Aarhus has seen an unprecedented building boom with many new institutions, infrastructure projects, city districts and recreational areas. Several of
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#17332696371911344-429: A private garage , a boathouse and a helicopter pad . Other striking features were windows that rolled down like car windows, a conveyor tube for the mail and a kitchen stocked with ready-made meals . A Dodge Cabriolet Coupé was parked in the garage, there was a Chris Craft in the boathouse and an Autogyro on the roof. Jacobsen immediately became recognised as an ultra-modern architect. The year after winning
1456-680: A student, in 1925 Jacobsen participated in the Paris Art Deco fair, Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes , where he won a silver medal for a chair design. On that trip, he was struck by the pioneering aesthetic of Le Corbusier 's L'Esprit Nouveau pavilion. Before leaving the Academy, Jacobsen also travelled to Germany, where he became acquainted with the rationalist architecture of Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius . Their work influenced his early designs including his graduation project, an art gallery, which won him
1568-627: A third of those employed within the Aarhus municipality commute from neighbouring communities. Aarhus is a centre for retail in the Nordic and Baltic countries, with expansive shopping centres, the busiest commercial street in the country and a dense urban core with many speciality shops. The job market is knowledge- and service-based, and the largest employment sectors are healthcare and social services, trade, education, consulting, research, industry and telecommunications. The municipality has more high- and middle-income jobs, and fewer low-income jobs, than
1680-415: A total of four churches. The 13th century also marks a thorough reorganisation, erasing most of the town's original layout with new streets, relocations, dismantling and new constructions. The Church clearly had the upper hand in the Aarhus region during medieval times, and the large bishopric of Aarhus prospered and expanded territory, reaching as far as Viborg in extent. In 1441, Christopher III issued
1792-546: A year (2012). Grain is the principal export, while feedstuffs , stone, cement and coal are among the chief imports. Since 2012 the port has faced increasing competition from the Port of Hamburg and freight volumes have decreased somewhat from the peak in 2008. The ferry terminal presents the only alternative to the Great Belt Link for passenger transport between Jutland and Zealand . It has served different ferry companies since
1904-598: Is 10 hours and 30 minutes. Aarhus is the seat of Aarhus Municipality, and Aarhus City Council ( Aarhus Byråd ) is also the municipal government with headquarters in Aarhus City Hall . The Mayor of Aarhus since 2010 is Jacob Bundsgaard of the Social Democrats . Municipal elections are held every fourth year on the third Tuesday of November with the next election in 2021. The city council consists of 31 members elected for four-year terms. When an election has determined
2016-460: Is a compound of the two Old Norse words; ár , genitive of á ("river", Modern Danish å ), and oss ("mouth") referencing the city's location at the mouth of Aarhus Å ( Aarhus River ). In Valdemar's Census Book (1231) the city was called Arus , and in Icelandic it was known as Aros , later written as Aars. The spelling "Aarhus" is first found in 1406 and gradually became
2128-476: Is a line of faucets and accessories for bathroom and kitchen, created after he won a competition in 1961 for his design of the National Bank of Denmark. This classic design is still in production today by Danish company Vola. According to R. Craig Miller, author of "Design 1935–1989, What Modern was", Jacobsen's work "is an important and original contribution both to modernism and to the specific place Denmark and
2240-490: Is a type of longship ), east of the Brabrand Lake close to Viby , and it was in use for more than 400 years from the late 700s till around the mid-1200s. Archaeological evidence indicates that Aarhus was a town as early as the last quarter of the 8th century. Discoveries after a 2003 archaeological dig included half-buried longhouses , firepits, glass pearls and a road dated to the late 700s. Several excavations in
2352-479: Is both younger and better-educated than the national average which can be attributed to the high concentration of educational institutions. More than 40% of the population have an academic degree while only some 14% have no secondary education or trade. The largest age group is 20- to 29-year-olds and the average age is 37.5, making it the youngest city in the country and one of its youngest municipalities. Women have slightly outnumbered men for many years. The city
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#17332696371912464-469: Is by far the largest religious institution both in the city and the country as a whole. Some 20% of the population are not officially affiliated with any religion, a percentage that has been slowly rising for many years. During the 1990s there was significant immigration from Turkey and in the 2000s, there was a fast growth in the overall immigrant community, from 27,783 people in 1999 to 40,431 in 2008. The majority of immigrants have roots outside Europe and
2576-452: Is home to 75 different religious groups and denominations, most of which are Christian or Muslim with a smaller number of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jewish communities. Since the 1990s there has been a marked growth in diverse new spiritual groups although the total number of followers remains small. The majority of the population are members of the Protestant state church, Church of Denmark , which
2688-567: Is home to a Bronze Age barrow shrouded in local myths and legends. The hilly area around Aarhus consists of a morainal plateau from the last ice age, broken by a complex system of tunnel valleys . The most prominent valleys of this network are the Aarhus Valley in the south, stretching inland east–west with the Aarhus River, Brabrand Lake, Årslev Lake and Tåstrup Lake, and the Egå Valley to
2800-570: Is notable for its Cumbrian slate floor. The original college buildings received a Grade I listing on 30 March 1993. Some individual buildings on the campus also have their own, high, listings, including the Grade I listed bike shed . When Arne Jacobsen died unexpectedly in 1971, he had a number of large projects under way. These included a new town hall in Mainz , Germany, and in Castrop-Rauxel , Germany,
2912-546: Is of Jewish descent. He first hoped to become a painter, but was dissuaded by his mother, who encouraged him to opt instead for the more secure domain of architecture. After a spell as an apprentice mason, Jacobsen was admitted to the Architecture School at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts where from 1924 to 1927 he studied under Kay Fisker and Kaj Gottlob , both leading architects and designers. Still
3024-468: Is predominantly knowledge- and service-based, strongly influenced by the University of Aarhus and the large healthcare industry. The service sector dominates the economy and is growing as the city transitions away from manufacturing. Trade and transportation remain important sectors, benefiting from the large port and central position on the rail network. Manufacturing has been in slow but steady decline since
3136-532: Is the longest cathedral in Denmark with a total length of 93 m (305 ft). The Church of our Lady ( Vor Frue Kirke ) was originally built in 1060, making it the oldest stone church in Scandinavia. The City Hall , designed by Arne Jacobsen and Erik Møller , was completed in 1941 in a modern Functionalist style. Aarhus Theatre , the largest provincial theatre in Denmark, opposite the cathedral on Bispetorvet,
3248-573: Is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus Municipality . It is located on the eastern shore of Jutland in the Kattegat sea and approximately 187 kilometres (116 mi) northwest of Copenhagen . Dating back to the late 8th century, Aarhus was founded as a harbour settlement at the mouth of the Aarhus River and quickly became a trade hub. The first Christian church was built here around
3360-923: The Atlantic Wall in west Jutland and cargo headed for Germany. Combined, these factors resulted in a strong German presence, especially in 1944–45. Small resistance groups first appeared in 1941–42 but the first to co-ordinate with the Freedom Council was the Samsing Group , responsible for most operations from early 1943. The Samsing group, along with others in and around Aarhus, was dismantled in June 1944 when Grethe "Thora" Bartram turned her family and acquaintances over to German authorities. In response, requests for assistance were sent to contacts in England and in October 1944
3472-645: The Baltic Sea . The ARoS Art Museum , the Old Town Museum and Tivoli Friheden are among Denmark's top tourist attractions . With a combined total of almost 1.4 million visitors they represent the driving force behind tourism but other venues such as Moesgård Museum and Kvindemuseet are also popular. The city's extensive shopping facilities are also said to be a major attraction for tourists, as are festivals, especially NorthSide and SPOT . Many visitors arrive on cruise ships: in 2012, 18 vessels visited
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3584-586: The Danish National Bank and the Royal Danish Embassy in London . These projects were completed by Dissing+Weitling , a firm set up by his former key employees Hans Dissing and Otto Weitling. Today, Arne Jacobsen is remembered primarily for his furniture designs. However, he believed he was first and foremost an architect. According to Scott Poole, a professor at Virginia Tech , Arne Jacobsen never used
3696-605: The Danish straits and the fertile countryside. The trade, however, was not nearly as prominent as that in Ribe and Hedeby during the Viking Age, and it was primarily linked to Norway as evidenced by archaeological finds. A shipbuilding yard from the Viking Age was uncovered upriver in 2002 by archaeologists. It was located at a place formerly known as Snekkeeng , or Snekke Meadow in English ('Snekke'
3808-564: The Egg and the Swan , were created for the SAS Royal Hotel which he also designed in 1956. Jacobsen's greatest contribution to the furniture genre came in 1951-52 with his three-legged "Ant "chair which was created for functionality being constructed with laminated veneered plywood housed on of chrome legs that were condensed and stackable for economy of space. 1951, he created the Ant chair for an extension of
3920-685: The Folketing (national Parliament). The diocese of Aarhus has four deaneries composed of 60 parishes within Aarhus municipality. Aarhus municipality contains 21 postal districts and some parts of another 9. The urban area of Aarhus and the immediate suburbs are divided into the districts Aarhus C , Aarhus N , Aarhus V , Viby J , Højbjerg and Brabrand . Aarhus has increasingly been investing in environmental planning and, in accordance with national policy, aims to be CO 2 -neutral and independent of fossil fuels for heating by 2030. The municipal power plants were adapted for this purpose in
4032-586: The Novo pharmaceutical factory and, in 1955, came the Seven Series . Both matched modern needs perfectly, being light, compact and easily stackable. Two other successful chair designs, the Egg and the Swan , were created for the SAS Royal Hotel which he also designed in 1956. Other designs were made for Stelton, a company founded by his foster son Peter Holmbl. These include the now classic Cylinda Line stainless steel cocktail kit and tableware. Other interior design
4144-587: The Peter group . The increasingly destructive occupation was compounded when an ammunition barge exploded in July 1944, destroying much of the harbour area. On 5 May 1945 German forces in Denmark surrendered but during the transitional period fighting broke out resulting in 22 dead. On 8 May the British Royal Dragoons entered the city. In the 1970s and 1980s the city entered a period of rapid economic growth and
4256-647: The Royal Air Force bombed the Gestapo headquarters successfully destroying archives and obstructing the ongoing investigation. In the summer of 1944 the Copenhagen-based resistance group Holger Danske helped establish the 5 Kolonne group and an SOE agent arrived from England to liaison with the L-groups . Subsequently, resistance operations escalated which was countered with Schalburgtage terror operations by
4368-516: The Swedish wars and trade was dampened by the preferential treatment of the capital by the state. Not until the middle of the 18th century did growth return, in large part due to trade with the large agricultural catchment areas around the city; grain, particularly, proved to be a remunerative export. The first factories were established at this time, as the Industrial Revolution reached
4480-428: The district heating system. Since 2015, the city has been implementing energy-saving LED technology in street lighting; by January 2019, about half of the municipal street lighting had been changed. Apart from reducing the city's CO 2 emissions, it saves 30% on the electricity bill, thereby making it a self-financed project over a 20-year period. The municipality aims for a coherent and holistic administration of
4592-527: The dockyard Aarhus Flydedok and the oil mill Århus Oliefabrik . Aarhus became the largest provincial city in the country by the turn of the century and the city marketed itself as the "Capital of Jutland". The population increased from 15,000 in 1870 to 52,000 in 1901 and, in response, the city annexed large land areas to develop new residential quarters such as Trøjborg , Frederiksbjerg and Marselisborg . Many of its cultural institutions were also established at this time such as Aarhus Theatre (1900),
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4704-700: The octroi was abolished and the city walls were removed to provide easier access for trade. Regular steamship links with Copenhagen had begun with the Jylland in 1825–26 and the Dania (1827–36), and in 1862 Jutland's first railway was established between Aarhus and Randers . In the second half of the 19th century, industrialisation came into full effect and a number of new industries emerged around production and refinement of agricultural products, especially oil and butter. Many companies from this time would come to leave permanent iconic marks on Aarhus. The Ceres Brewery
4816-694: The pre-quaternary . By contrast, the Aarhus River Valley and the Giber River Valley are late glacial meltwater valleys . The coastal cliffs along the Bay of Aarhus consist of shallow tertiary clay from the Eocene and Oligocene (57 to 24 million years ago). Aarhus has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ) and the weather is constantly influenced by major weather systems from all four ordinal directions , resulting in unstable conditions throughout
4928-589: The synod of Ingelheim in Germany, but the late Viking Age during the Christianization of Scandinavia was a turbulent and violent time with several naval attacks on the town, such as Harald Hardrada 's assault around 1050, when the Holy Trinity Church was burned to the ground. Despite the conflicts, Aarhus continued to prosper from the trade and the finding of six runestones in and around Aarhus indicates
5040-421: The water cycle to protect against, and clean up previous, pollution as well as encourage green growth and self-sufficiency. The main issues are excessive nutrients , adapting to increased (and increasing) levels of precipitation brought on by climate change , and securing the water supply. These goals have manifested in a number of large water treatment projects often in collaboration with private partners. In
5152-456: The "House of the Future" award, Arne Jacobsen set up his own office. He designed the functionalist Rothenborg House , which he planned in every detail, a characteristic of many of his later works. Soon afterwards, he won a competition from Gentofte Municipality for the design of a seaside resort complex in Klampenborg on the Øresund coast just north of Copenhagen. The various components of
5264-418: The 1844 elections, only 174 citizens qualified out of a total population of more than 7,000. The first city council, mainly composed of wealthy merchants and industrialists, quickly looked to improve the harbour, situated along the Aarhus River . Larger ships and growing freight volumes made a river harbour increasingly impractical. In 1840, the harbour was moved to the coast, north of the river, where it became
5376-420: The 1960s while agriculture has long been a marginal sector within the municipality. The municipality is home to 175,000 jobs with some 100,000 in the private sector and the rest split between state, region and municipality. The region is a major agricultural producer , with many large farms in the outlying districts. People commute to Aarhus from as far away as Randers , Silkeborg and Skanderborg and almost
5488-501: The 19th century. The city began to grow significantly as trade prospered in the mid-18th century, but not until the mid-19th century did the Industrial Revolution bring real growth in population. The first railway line in Jutland was built here in 1862. In 1928, the first university in Jutland was founded in Aarhus and today it is a university city and the largest centre for trade, services, industry, and tourism in Jutland. Aarhus Cathedral
5600-533: The 2000s, underground rainwater basins were built across the city while the two lakes Årslev Engsø and Egå Engsø were created in 2003 and 2006 respectively. The number of sewage treatment plants is planned to be reduced from 17 to 2 by 2025, as the treatment plants in Marselisborg and Egå are scheduled for expansion to take over all waste water treatment. They have already been refitted for biogas production to become net producers of electricity and heat. To aid
5712-531: The 2010s. In 2015, the municipality took over three private straw -fired heating plants and the year after, a new 77 MW combined heat and power biomass plant at Lisbjerg Power Station was completed while Studstrup Power Station finished a refit to move from coal to wood chips. In conjunction with the development of the Docklands district there are plans for a utility-scale seawater heat pump which will take advantage of fluctuating electricity prices to supply
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#17332696371915824-588: The Aa spelling as an alternative and most newspapers and public institutions will accept either. Some official authorities such as the Danish Language Committee , publisher of the Danish Orthographic Dictionary , still retain Århus as the main name, providing Aarhus as a second option, in brackets and some institutions are still using Århus explicitly in their official name, such as
5936-530: The Aarhus Bay imposing a temperate effect on the low-lying valley floor where central Aarhus is located. Brabrand Lake to the west further contributes to this effect and as a result, the valley has a comparably mild, temperate climate. The sandy ground on the valley floor dries up quickly after winter and warms faster in the summer than the surrounding hills of moist-retaining boulder clay . These conditions affect crops and plants that often bloom 1–2 weeks earlier in
6048-446: The Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour with a depth of 10 m (33 ft) quite close to the shore. Aarhus was founded at the mouth of a brackish water fjord , but the original fjord no longer exists, as it has gradually narrowed into what is now the Aarhus River and the Brabrand Lake , due to natural sedimentation . The land around Aarhus was once covered by forests, remains of which exist in parts of Marselisborg Forest to
6160-593: The Danish Preserved Butter Company in 1874, focusing on butter export to England, China and Africa and later founded the Aarhus Butterine Company in 1883, the first Danish margarine factory. His company became an important local employer, with factory employees increasing from 100 in 1896 to 1,000 in 1931, partaking in the effective transformation of the city from a regional trade hub to an industrial centre. Other new factories of note included
6272-510: The German advance through Jutland. The war and occupation left a notable impact on the city as many streets, particularly on Frederiksbjerg , are named after Danish officers of the time. Fifteen years later, in 1864, the city was occupied again, this time for seven months, during the Second Schleswig War . In spite of wars and occupation, the city continued to expand and develop. In 1851,
6384-516: The Moesgård Museum, Gender Museum Denmark , Musikhuset Aarhus and Aarhus Theatre . Known as Smilets By (lit. City of Smiles) it is the Danish city with the youngest demographics and home to Scandinavia 's largest university, Aarhus University . Commercially, the city is the principal container port in the country, and major Danish companies such as Vestas , Arla Foods , Salling Group , and Jysk have their headquarters there. Aarhus
6496-451: The Nazis' planned deportation of Jewish Danes to concentration camps. Along with other Jewish Danes and with the help of the Danish resistance , he fled Denmark, rowing a small boat across Øresund to neighboring Sweden where he would stay for the next two years. His architectural work was limited to a summer house for two doctors. Instead he spent his time designing fabrics and wallpaper. When
6608-511: The Old . The fortifications were later improved and expanded by his son Harald Bluetooth , encircling the settlement much like the defence structures found at Viking ring fortresses elsewhere. Together with the town's geographical placement, this suggests that Aros became an important military centre in the Viking Age. There are also strong indications of a former royal residence from the same period in Viby ,
6720-515: The Scandinavian countries have in the modern movement" and continues "One might in fact argue that much of what the modern movement stands for, would have been lost and simply forgotten if Scandinavian designers and architects like Arne Jacobsen would not have added that humane element to it". Arne Jacobsen is noted for his sense of proportion. Indeed, he himself saw this as one of the main features of his work. In an interview he said; "The proportion
6832-569: The United Kingdom. Overall, they spend roughly DKK 3 billion (€402 million) in the city each year. The primary motivation for tourists choosing Aarhus as a destination is experiencing the city and culture, family and couples vacation or as a part of a round trip in Denmark. The average stay is little more than three days on average. Arne Jacobsen Arne Emil Jacobsen , Hon. FAIA ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑːnə e̝ˈmiˀl ˈjɑkʰʌpsn̩] ; 11 February 1902 – 24 March 1971)
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#17332696371916944-407: The Viking Age, were abandoned to accommodate expansion. Parts of the ramparts still exist today and can be experienced as steep slopes at the riverside, and they have also survived in some place names of the inner city, including the streets of Volden (The Rampart) and Graven (The Moat). Aarhus grew to become one of the largest cities in the country by the early 16th century. In 1657, octroi
7056-544: The area was supposed to have been a lookout tower , more than a hundred metres high with a revolving restaurant at the top but it was abandoned after huge local protests. Still, it is reflected in the overall arrangement of buildings in the area which all follow lines that extend from their missing centre. In 1934, came the Bellavista residential development, built in concrete, steel and glass, with smooth surfaces and open floor planning, free of any excesses or ornaments. Completing
7168-403: The bay to the northeast. Mols and Helgenæs are both part of the larger regional peninsula of Djursland . A number of larger cities and towns is within easy reach from Aarhus by road and rail, including Randers (38.5 kilometres (23.9 mi) by road north), Grenå (northeast), Horsens (50 kilometres (31 mi) south) and Silkeborg (44 kilometres (27 mi) east). At Aarhus's location,
7280-435: The city had some significance around the year 1000, as only wealthy nobles traditionally used them. The bishopric diocese was obliterated for almost a hundred years after Reginbrand in 988, but in 1060 a new bishop Christian was ordained and he founded a new church in Aarhus, Sankt Nicolai Domkirke ( St. Nicholas Cathedral ), this time in stone. It was erected outside the town fortifications, and stood finished in 1070 at
7392-503: The city seaside, are being converted to new mixed-use districts. It is among the largest harbourfront projects in Europe. The northern part dubbed Aarhus Ø ( Aarhus Docklands ) is almost finished as of 2018, while the southern district dubbed Sydhavnskvarteret (The South-harbour neighbourhood) is only starting to be developed. The adjacent site of Frederiks Plads at the former DSB repair facilities have been under construction since 2014 as
7504-445: The city, such as the Aarhus River, changed from Århus Å to Aarhus Å . Founded in the early Viking Age , Aarhus is one of the oldest cities in Denmark, along with Ribe and Hedeby . The original Aros settlement was situated on the northern shores of a fjord by the mouth of the Aarhus River , right where the city center is today. It quickly became a hub for sea-going trade due to its position on intersecting trade routes in
7616-417: The composition of the council, it elects a mayor, two deputy mayors and five aldermen from their ranks. Anyone who is eligible to vote and who resides within the municipality can run for a seat on the city council provided they can secure endorsements and signatures from 50 inhabitants of the municipality. The first publicly elected mayor of Aarhus was appointed in 1919. In the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform
7728-481: The construction projects are among the largest in Europe, such as the New University Hospital (DNU) and the harbourfront redevelopment. Both the skyline and land use of the inner city is changing, as former industrial sites are being redeveloped into new city districts and neighbourhoods. Starting in 2008, the former docklands known as De Bynære Havnearealer (The Peri-urban Harbour-areas), and closest to
7840-422: The country, and in 1810 the harbour was expanded to accommodate growing trade. Aarhus began to prosper in the 1830s as the industrial revolution reached the city and factories with steam-driven machinery became more productive. In 1838, the electoral laws were reformed leading to elections for the 15 seats on the city council. The rules were initially very strict, allowing only the wealthiest citizens to run. In
7952-492: The country, commenced in 2013, and the first increment was finished in December 2017. Since then, the lightrail service has been expanded with two intercity sections to the towns of Odder and Grenå , respectively, and also includes a northward leg to the suburb of Lisbjerg . The light rail system is planned to tie many other suburbs closer to central Aarhus in the future, with the next phase including local lines to Brabrand in
8064-461: The current Aarhus municipality was created by merging 20 municipalities. Aarhus was the seat of Aarhus County until the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which substituted the Danish counties with five regions and replaced Aarhus County with Central Denmark Region ( Region Midtjylland ), seated in Viborg . Aarhus Municipality has 45 electoral wards and polling stations in four electoral districts for
8176-527: The developed world, comprising some 25,000 people from 130 different nationalities, with the largest groups coming from the Middle East and North Africa. Some 15,000 have come from within Europe, with Poland, Germany, Romania and Norway being the largest contributors. Many immigrants have established themselves in the suburbs of Brabrand , Hasle and Viby , where the percentage of inhabitants with foreign origins has risen by 66% since 2000. This has resulted in
8288-495: The early 2000s, the city has experienced an influx of larger companies moving from other parts of the Jutland peninsula. The Port of Aarhus is one of the largest industrial ports in northern Europe with the largest container terminal in Denmark, processing more than 50% of Denmark's container traffic and accommodating the largest container vessels in the world. It is a municipal self-governing port with independent finances. The facilities handle some 9.5 million tonnes of cargo
8400-470: The east and Hinnerup to the north. Accelerating growth since the early 2000s, brought the inner urban area to roughly 260,000 inhabitants by 2014. The rapid growth is expected to continue until at least 2030 when Aarhus municipality has set an ambitious target for 375,000 inhabitants. Aarhus is located at the Bay of Aarhus facing the Kattegat sea in the east with the peninsulas of Mols and Helgenæs across
8512-427: The first steamship route to Copenhagen opened in 1830. Currently, Mols-Linien operates the route and annually transports some two million passengers and a million vehicles. Additional roll-on/roll-off cargo ferries serve Finland and Kalundborg on a weekly basis and smaller outlying Danish ports at irregular intervals. Since the early 2000s the port has increasingly become a destination for cruise lines operating in
8624-409: The inner city since the 1960s have revealed wells, streets, homes and workshops, and inside the buildings and adjoining archaeological layers, everyday utensils like combs, jewellery and basic multi-purpose tools from approximately the year 900 have been unearthed. The early town was fortified with defensive earthen ramparts in the first part of the 900s, possibly in the year 934 on order from king Gorm
8736-409: The largest dairy groups in Europe, Salling Group , Denmark's largest retailer, Jysk , a worldwide retailer of household goods, Vestas , a global wind turbine manufacturer, Terma A/S , a major defence and aerospace manufacturer, Per Aarsleff , a civil engineering company and several large retail companies. Other large employers of note include Krifa, Systematic A/S , ), and Bestseller A/S . Since
8848-522: The largest industrial harbour outside Copenhagen over the following 15 years. From the outset, the new harbour was controlled by the city council, as it is to this day. During the First Schleswig War , Aarhus was occupied by German troops from 21 June to 24 July 1849. The city was spared any fighting, but in Vejlby north of the city a cavalry skirmish known as Rytterfægtningen took place which stopped
8960-407: The local newspaper Århus Stiftstidende and the schools Århus Kunstakademi and Århus Statsgymnasium . "Aa" was used by some major institutions between 1948 and 2011 as well, such as Aarhus University or the largest local sports club, Aarhus Gymnastikforening (AGF), which has never used the "Å" spelling. Certain geographically affiliated names have been updated to reflect the name of
9072-413: The middle of Studsgade lies the small square Rykind from where the narrow alley Snævringen leads to Mejlgade . Studsgade was the northern inroad to the medieval town, and like other roads leading into the town, it was built on at an early time. In the 1400s, it was a street of significance. Mejlgade was established at a later time and became the thoroughfare for traffic from Grenå while Studsgade
9184-486: The modern lifestyle". Despite considerable public opposition to his avant-garde style, Jacobsen went on to build Stelling House on Gammeltorv , one of Copenhagen's most historic squares. Although the modernistic style is rather restrained and was later seen as a model example of building in a historic setting, it caused virulent protests in its day. One newspaper wrote that Jacobsen ought to be "banned from architecture for life". When, together with Erik Møller , he won
9296-423: The national average. Today, te majority of the largest companies in the municipality are in the sectors of trade, transport and media. The wind power industry has strong roots in Aarhus and the larger region of Central Jutland , and nationally, most of the revenue in the industry is generated by companies in the greater Aarhus area. The wind industry employs about a thousand people within the municipality, making it
9408-531: The new treatment plants, and avoid floodings, sewage and stormwater throughout the municipality is planned to be separated into two different drainage systems. Construction began in 2017 in several areas, but it is a long process that is scheduled to be finished by 2085. Afforestation projects have been undertaken to prevent groundwater pollution , secure drinking water, sequester CO 2 , increase biodiversity , create an attractive countryside, provide easy access to nature and offer outdoor activities to
9520-440: The norm in the 17th century. With the Danish spelling reform of 1948 , "Aa" was changed to "Å". Some Danish cities resisted the change but Aarhus city council opted to change the name. In 2010, the city council voted to change the name back from Århus to Aarhus again with effect from 1 January 2011. It is still grammatically correct to write geographical names with the letter Å and local councils are allowed to use
9632-439: The north, with the stream of Egåen , Egå Engsø , the bog of Geding-Kasted Mose and Geding Lake . Most parts of the two valleys have been drained and subsequently farmed, but in the early 2000s some of the drainage was removed and parts of the wetlands were restored for environmental reasons. The valley system also includes the stream of Lyngbygård Å in the west and valleys to the south of the city, following erosion channels from
9744-405: The oldest known charter granting market town status, although similar privileges may have existed as far back as the 12th century. The charter is the first official recognition of the town as a regional power and is by some considered Aarhus's birth certificate. The commercial and religious status spurred town growth, and in 1477 the defensive earthen ramparts, which had ringed the town since
9856-472: The original State Library (1902), Aarhus University (1928) and several hospitals. On 9 April 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Denmark, occupying Aarhus the following day; the occuption lasted for five years. This was a destructive period with major disasters, loss of life and economic depression. The Port of Aarhus became a hub for supplies to the Baltics and Norway , while the surrounding rail network supplied
9968-455: The port with over 38,000 passengers. In the 2010s, there was a significant expansion of tourist facilities, culminating in the opening of the 240-room Comwell Hotel in July 2014, which increased the number of hotel rooms in the city by 25%. Some estimates put the number of visitors spending at least one night as high as 750,000 a year, most of them Danes from other regions, with the remainder coming mainly from Norway, Sweden, northern Germany and
10080-475: The public. In 2000, the first project, the New Forests of Aarhus , was completed, which aimed to double the forest cover in the municipality and, in 2009, another phase was announced to double forest cover once more before the year 2030. The afforestation plans were realised as a local project in collaboration with private landowners, under a larger national agenda. Other projects to expand natural habitats include
10192-547: The resort became his major public breakthrough in Denmark, further establishing him as a leading national proponent of the International Modern Style . In 1932, the first item, the Bellevue Sea Bath , was completed. Jacobsen designed everything from the characteristic blue-striped lifeguard towers , kiosks and changing cabins to the tickets, season cards and even the uniforms of the employees. The focal point of
10304-496: The result of a cooperation with the furniture manufacturer Fritz Hansen with which he initiated a collaboration in 1934 while his lamps and light fixtures were developed with Louis Poulsen . In spite of his success with his chair at the Paris Exhibition in 1925, it was during the 1950s that his interest in furniture design peaked. A major source of inspiration stemmed from the bent plywood designs of Charles and Ray Eames . He
10416-410: The service sector overtook trade, industry and crafts as the leading sector of employment for the first time. Workers gradually began commuting to the city from most of east and central Jutland as the region became more interconnected. The student population tripled between 1965 and 1977 turning the city into a Danish centre of research and education. The growing and comparably young population initiated
10528-547: The site where Church of Our Lady stands today, but only an underground crypt remains. The growing influence of the Church during the Middle Ages gradually turned Aarhus, with its bishopric, into a prosperous religious centre. Many public and religious buildings were built in and around the town; notably Aarhus Cathedral was initiated in the late 12th century by the influential bishop Peder Vognsen , and around 1200, Aros had
10640-463: The south and Riis Skov to the north. Several lakes extend west from the inner city as the landscape merges with the larger region of Søhøjlandet with heights exceeding 152 metres (499 ft) at Himmelbjerget between Skanderborg and Silkeborg . The highest natural point in Aarhus Municipality is Jelshøj at 128 metres above sea level, in the southern district of Højbjerg . The hilltop
10752-554: The street today. Studsgade contains four listed buildings from 1700, 1749, 1842 and 1847, situated side by side by Nørreport . Three of the buildings are half-timbered, and the fourth is a 3 winged brick structure that used to house a factory. 56°09′35″N 10°12′39″E / 56.1598°N 10.2109°E / 56.1598; 10.2109 Aarhus Aarhus ( / ˈ ɔːr h uː s / , US also / ˈ ɑːr -/ , Danish: [ˈɒːˌhuˀs] ; officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 1 January 2011)
10864-480: The surrounding, open land. Western winds from the Atlantic and North Sea are dominant resulting in more precipitation in western Denmark. In addition, Jutland rises sufficiently in the centre to lift air to higher, colder altitudes contributing to increased precipitation in eastern Jutland. Combined, these factors make east and south Jutland comparatively wetter than other parts of the country. Average temperature over
10976-457: The valley than on the northern and southern hillsides. Because of the northern latitude, the number of daylight hours varies considerably between summer and winter. On the summer solstice, the sun rises at 04:26 and sets at 21:58, providing 17 hours 32 minutes of daylight. On the winter solstice, it rises at 08:37 and sets at 15:39 with 7 hours and 2 minutes of daylight. The difference in length of days and nights between summer and winter solstices
11088-472: The war ended in 1945, Jacobsen returned to Denmark and resumed his architectural career. The country was in urgent need of both housing and new public buildings but the primary need was for spartan buildings which could be built without delay. After some years Jacobsen got his career back on track and with projects such as the Allehusene complex from 1952 and his Søholm terraced houses from 1955, he embarked on
11200-724: The white trilogy in 1937, the Bellevue Theatre featured a retractable roof allowing open-air performances. These early works clearly show the influence of the White Cubist architecture Jacobsen had encountered in Germany, particularly at the Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart . The cluster of white buildings at Bellevue also includes the Skovshoved Filling Station . In their day, these projects were described as "The dream of
11312-532: The word 'designer', notoriously disliking it. His way into product design came through his interest in Gesamtkunst and most of his designs which later became famous in their own right were created for architectural projects. One of his first furniture designs was the Paris lounge chair from 1929 which was also displayed as a part of the interior design of his famous “House of the Future". Most of his furniture designs were
11424-413: The year 900 and later in the Viking Age the town was fortified with defensive ramparts. The bishopric of Aarhus grew steadily stronger and more prosperous, building several religious institutions in the town during the early Middle Ages . Trade continued to improve, although it was not until 1441 that Aarhus was granted market town privileges, and the population of Aarhus remained relatively stable until
11536-399: The year is 8.43 °C (47.17 °F) with February being the coldest month (0.1 °C or 32.2 °F) and August the warmest (15.9 °C or 60.6 °F). Temperatures in the sea can reach 17–22 °C (63–72 °F) in June to August, but it is not uncommon for beaches to register 25 °C (77 °F) locally. The geography in the area affects the local climate of the city with
11648-502: The year. Temperature varies a great deal across the seasons with a mild spring in April and May, warmer summer months from June to August, frequently rainy and windy autumn months in October and September and cooler winter months, often with frost and occasional snow, from December to March. The city centre experiences the same climatic effects as other larger cities with higher wind speeds, more fog, less precipitation and higher temperatures than
11760-414: Was a Danish architect and furniture designer . He is remembered for his contribution to architectural functionalism and for the worldwide success he enjoyed with simple well-designed chairs. Arne Jacobsen was born on 11 February 1902 in Copenhagen . His father Johan was a wholesale trader in safety pins and snap fasteners . His mother Pouline was a bank teller whose hobby was floral motifs. He
11872-510: Was also influenced by the Italian design historian Ernesto Rogers, who had proclaimed that the design of every element was equally important "from the spoon to the city" which harmonized well with his own ideals. In 1951, he created the Ant chair for an extension of the Novo pharmaceutical factory and, in 1955, came the Seven Series . Both matched modern needs perfectly, being light, compact and easily stackable. Two other successful chair designs,
11984-571: Was built by Hack Kampmann in the Art Nouveau style and completed in 1916. Musikhuset Aarhus (concert hall) and Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium (Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg) are also of note, as are its museums including the open-air museum Den Gamle By , the art museum ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum , the Moesgård Museum and the women's museum Kvindemuseet . The city's major cultural institutions include Den Gamle By, ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum,
12096-527: Was established in 1856 and served as Aarhus's local brewery for more than 150 years, gradually expanding into an industrial district known as Ceres-grunden (lit.: the Ceres-ground). In 1896, local farmers and businessmen created Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet (KFK), focused on grain and feedstuffs . KFK established departments all over the country, while its headquarters remained in Aarhus where its large grain silos still stand today. Otto Mønsted created
12208-561: Was followed by a number of other German projects. A delegation of Oxford dons visited the SAS Hotel and the Munkegård School in their search for an architect for St Catherine's College . They were soon convinced he was the right choice for their important commission. Again Jacobsen designed everything, including the garden, down to the choice of fish species for the pond. The dining hall
12320-402: Was given the opportunity to design what has been called "the world's first designer hotel." He designed everything from the building and its furniture and fittings to the ashtrays sold in the souvenir shop and the airport buses. These larger assignments started to attract attention and commissions from abroad. Rødovre Town Hall secured him an invitation for his first competition in Germany which
12432-454: Was imposed in larger Danish cities which changed the layout and face of Aarhus over the following decades. Wooden city walls were erected to prevent smuggling, with gates and toll booths on the major thoroughfares, Mejlgade and Studsgade . The city gates funnelled most traffic through a few streets where merchant quarters were built. In the 17th century, Aarhus entered a period of recession as it suffered blockades and bombardments during
12544-536: Was turned in the direction of Randers , so it included the northern part of today's Nørreport . Studsgade may have had a city gate in the direction of Grenå, but in the 1700s it had been moved to the site of the current Aarhus School of Architecture . In 1757, a new road was opened from Studsgade to Christiansbjerg in the north, which funneled a lot of traffic from Munkegade's Port to Studsgade. The increased traffic made Studsgade more useful for merchants, and several merchant's houses from that time can be found along
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