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54-406: The song's author and exact origin are unattributed. The song is sung both at informal gatherings (such as birthdays or name days ) or at formal events, such as weddings . Frequently, the song "Niech im gwiazdka pomyślności" will be sung afterwards, excluding kids' parties, as the song makes reference to alcohol consumption. At state events it is not unusual to hear it performed by an orchestra or

108-475: A leap year has 29 days instead of the usual 28, so the year lasts 366 days instead of the usual 365. A person born on February 29 may be called a " leapling " or a "leaper". In common years, they usually celebrate their birthdays on February 28. In some situations, March 1 is used as the birthday in a non-leap year since it is the day following February 28. Technically, a leapling will have fewer birthday anniversaries than their age in years. This phenomenon

162-609: A military band . It is also noted for being an integral part of Polish immigrant culture even long after assimilation. The song serves the equivalent function of " Happy Birthday to You " or " For He's a Jolly Good Fellow ". The Polish lyrics are: Sto lat, sto lat Niech żyje, żyje nam. Sto lat, sto lat, Niech żyje, żyje nam, Jeszcze raz, jeszcze raz, Niech żyje, żyje nam, Niech żyje nam! This translates roughly into English as: 100 years, 100 years, May they live! 100 years, 100 years, May they live! Once again, once again, May they live! May they live! After

216-494: A pagan custom. Saint's days were typically celebrated on the anniversary of their martyrdom or death, considered the occasion of or preparation for their entrance into Heaven or the New Jerusalem . Ordinary folk celebrated their saint's day (the saint they were named after), but nobility celebrated the anniversary of their birth. The "Squire's Tale", one of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales , opens as King Cambuskan proclaims

270-415: A rite of passage . Many religions celebrate the birth of their founders or religious figures with special holidays (e.g. Christmas , Mawlid , Buddha's Birthday , Krishna Janmashtami , and Gurpurb ). There is a distinction between birth day and birth date (also known as date of birth): the former, except for February 29 , occurs each year (e.g. January 15), while the latter is the complete date when

324-422: A ' name day ', otherwise known as a 'Saint's day'. It is celebrated in much the same way as a birthday, but it is held on the official day of a saint with the same Christian name as the birthday person; the difference being that one may look up a person's name day in a calendar, or easily remember common name days (for example, John or Mary ); however in pious traditions, the two were often made to concur by giving

378-708: A 16.9% decrease in Caesarean births on Halloween , compared to dates occurring within one week before and one week after the October holiday. In contrast, on Valentine's Day there is a 3.6% increase in spontaneous births and a 12.1% increase in Caesarean births. In Sweden 9.3% of the population is born in March and 7.3% in November when a uniform distribution would give 8.3%. In the Gregorian calendar (a common solar calendar ), February in

432-503: A feast to celebrate his birthday. The Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Church and Protestantism , i.e. the three main branches of Christianity , as well as almost all Christian religious denominations, consider celebrating birthdays acceptable or at most a choice of the individual. An exception are Jehovah's Witnesses , who do not celebrate them for various reasons: in their interpretation this feast has pagan origins,

486-539: A fixed day of the year, which may not necessarily match the day of their birth, but on which celebrations are held. Examples are: Birthdays are fairly evenly distributed through the year, with some seasonal effects. In the United States, there tend to be more births in September and October. This may be because there is a holiday season nine months before (the human gestation period is about nine months), or because

540-400: A highly formal, ritualized manner. They treat Buddha's statue as if it was Buddha himself, as if he were alive; bathing, and "feeding" him. Hindus celebrate the birth anniversary day every year when the day that corresponds to the lunar month or solar month (Sun Signs Nirayana System – Sourava Mana Masa) of birth and has the same asterism (Star/Nakshatra) as that of the date of birth. That age

594-603: A minor can emancipate at 16 in the US (or younger depending on the state) but must still wait until 18 to vote or buy a firearm, and 21 to buy alcohol or tobacco. The age 18 is identified as the age of adulthood in the Jewish Talmud relative to having sound judgement to make monetary decisions as a judge. Here, the Talmud says that every judgment Josiah , the sixteenth king of Judah ( c.  640 –609 BCE), issued from his coronation until

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648-436: A newborn the name of a saint celebrated on its day of confirmation , more seldom one's birthday. Some are given the name of the religious feast of their christening's day or birthday, for example, Noel or Pascal (French for Christmas and "of Easter"); as another example, Togliatti was given Palmiro as his first name because he was born on Palm Sunday . Some notables, particularly monarchs, have an official birthday on

702-401: A person was born (e.g. January 15, 2001). In most legal systems, one becomes a legal adult on a particular birthday when they reach the age of majority (usually between 12 and 21), and reaching age-specific milestones confers particular rights and responsibilities. At certain ages, one may become eligible to leave full-time education , become subject to military conscription or to enlist in

756-418: A silent wish and attempt to blow out the candles in one breath; if successful, superstition holds that the wish will be granted. In many cultures, the wish must be kept secret or it will not "come true". Presents are bestowed on the individual by the guests appropriate to their age. Other birthday activities may include entertainment (sometimes by a hired professional, i.e. a clown, magician, or musician), and

810-461: A simple na zdrowie ("To your health") is more frequently used. In literature, Sto Lat is a fictional city in Terry Pratchett's Discworld Series. Birthday A birthday is the anniversary of the birth of a person, or figuratively of an institution . Birthdays of people are celebrated in numerous cultures, often with birthday gifts , birthday cards , a birthday party , or

864-406: A special toast or speech by the birthday celebrant. The last stanza of Patty Hill 's and Mildred Hill 's famous song, "Good Morning to You" (unofficially titled " Happy Birthday to You ") is typically sung by the guests at some point in the proceedings. In some countries, a piñata takes the place of a cake. In some historically Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox countries, it is common to have

918-544: A theme for some gifts or decorations. Because of the importance attached to the influence of these stars in ancient China and throughout the Sinosphere , East Asian age reckoning previously began with one at birth and then added years at each Chinese New Year, so that it formed a record of the suì one had lived through rather than of the exact amount of time from one's birth. This method—which can differ by as much as two years of age from other systems—is increasingly uncommon and

972-489: A thirteen-day period, between September 22 and October 4. The ten least common birthdays (other than February 29) are December 24–27, January 1–2, February 6 , March 22, April 1 and April 25 . This is based on all live births registered in New Zealand between 1980 and 2017. Positive and negative associations with culturally significant dates may influence birth rates. The study shows a 5.3% decrease in spontaneous births and

1026-560: A variety of ages. In Medieval England , the age of majority was 15 but later raised to 21. Since 2015, some countries have lowered the voting age to 16. Some countries, like England and Wales , are even considering lowering the age of majority to 16, similar to how it already is in Cuba and Scotland . The main argument for lowering is that, on average, young people are much more educated (both because of better individual educational outcomes and being raised by more educated parents) than in

1080-501: Is entirely different from the usual word for "year(s)" ( 年 , nián ), reflecting the former importance of Chinese astrology and the belief that one's fate was bound to the stars imagined to be in opposition to the planet Jupiter at the time of one's birth. The importance of this duodecennial orbital cycle only survives in popular culture as the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac , which change each Chinese New Year and may be used as

1134-721: Is exploited when a person claims to be only a quarter of their actual age, by counting their leap-year birthday anniversaries only. In Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance , Frederic the pirate apprentice discovers that he is bound to serve the pirates until his 21st birthday rather than until his 21st year. For legal purposes, legal birthdays depend on how local laws count time intervals. Some studies show people are more likely to die on their birthdays, with explanations including excessive drinking, suicide, cardiovascular events due to high stress or happiness, efforts to postpone death for major social events, and death certificate paperwork errors. In Judaism ,

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1188-470: Is gradually becoming an adult, not necessarily stating that one is legally allowed to partake in any or all activities specified for adults. Many ages of license are correlated to the age of majority to recognize the transition to legal adulthood, but they are nonetheless legally distinct concepts. One need not have attained the age of majority to have permission to exercise certain rights and responsibilities. Some ages of license may be higher, lower, or match

1242-629: Is known as Gurpurb . According to Herodotus (5th century BC), of all the days in the year, the one which the Persians celebrate most is their birthday. It was customary to have the board furnished on that day with an ampler supply than common: the richer people eat wholly baked cow, horse, camel, or donkey (Greek: ὄνον ), while the poorer classes use instead the smaller kinds of cattle. The Romans enthusiastically celebrated birthdays with hedonistic parties and generous presents. The Chinese word for "year(s) old" ( t 歲 , s 岁 , suì )

1296-521: Is not used for official purposes in the PRC or on Taiwan , although the word suì is still used for describing age. Traditionally, Chinese birthdays—when celebrated—were reckoned using the lunisolar calendar , which varies from the Gregorian calendar by as much as a month forward or backward depending on the year. Celebrating the lunisolar birthday remains common on Taiwan while growing increasingly uncommon on

1350-405: Is reckoned whenever Janma Nakshatra of the same month passes. Hindus regard death to be more auspicious than birth, since the person is liberated from the bondages of material society. Also, traditionally, rituals & prayers for the departed are observed on 5th and 11th day with many relatives gathering. Sikhs celebrate the anniversary of the birth of Guru Nanak and other Sikh Gurus which

1404-513: Is the threshold of legal adulthood as recognized or declared in law . It is the moment when a person ceases to be considered a minor and assumes legal control over their person, actions, and decisions, thus terminating the control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over them. Most countries set the age of majority at 18, but some jurisdictions have a higher age and others lower. The word majority here refers to having greater years and being of full age as opposed to minority ,

1458-708: The American occupation that followed World War II . Children's birthday parties are the most important, typically celebrated with a cake, candles, and singing. Adults often just celebrate with their partner. In North Korea , the Day of the Sun , Kim Il Sung 's birthday, is the most important public holiday of the country, and Kim Jong Il 's birthday is celebrated as the Day of the Shining Star . North Koreans are not permitted to celebrate birthdays on July 8 and December 17 because these were

1512-525: The Gregorian New Year , "year ages" that start with 0 at birth and otherwise increase the same way, and "actual ages" that start with 0 at birth and increase each birthday. First birthday celebrations were heavily celebrated, despite usually having little to do with the child's age. In June 2023, all Korean ages were set back at least one year and official ages henceforth are reckoned only by birthdays. Age of majority The age of majority

1566-469: The United States and Europe celebrate birthdays as customary especially for children, while some abstain. There is also much controversy regarding the permissibility of celebrating Mawlid , (the anniversary of the birth of Muhammad ), as some Muslims judge the custom as an unacceptable practice according to Islamic tradition. Many monasteries celebrate the anniversary of Buddha's birth, usually in

1620-433: The age of maturity , age of sexual consent , age of criminal responsibility , marriageable age , school-leaving age , legal working age , drinking age , driving age , voting age , smoking age , gambling age , etc., which each may be independent of and set at a different age from the age of majority. The term "age of majority" can be confused with the similar concept of the age of license , which also pertains to

1674-590: The rabbis are divided about celebrating this custom, although it is accepted by the majority of the faithful. In the Torah the only mention that is made of the birthday, refers to the celebration of Pharaoh's birthday in Egypt, as recorded in Genesis (Parashat Vaieshev) 40:20. Origen in his commentary "On Levites" wrote that Christians should not only refrain from celebrating their birthdays, but should look on them with disgust as

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1728-515: The red 100 RMB notes —are the usual gift from relatives and close family friends for most children. Gifts for adults on their birthday are much less common, although the birthday for each decade is a larger occasion that might prompt a large dinner and celebration. The Japanese reckoned their birthdays by the Chinese system until the Meiji Reforms . Celebrations remained uncommon or muted until after

1782-443: The US. In the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years). In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays. In New Zealand, the most common birthday is September 29, and the least common birthday is December 25. The ten most common birthdays all fall within

1836-481: The age of eighteen was reversed and he returned the money to the parties whom he judged liable, due to concern that in his youth he may not have judged the cases correctly. Other Jewish commentators have discussed whether age 13 or 18 is the age to make decisions in a Jewish Court . The highest known age of majority historically was around age 30, during the age of the Roman Empire, where young males were placed under

1890-404: The age of majority can be referred to as minors. For example, if a country's age of majority is 18, but the legal drinking age is 21, then a 20 year old would still be considered a "minor" in situations involving buying or consuming alcohol. Another example is the age to consent to sexual activity , which in most of the cases in the world is under the age of majority. In other cases, it can be above

1944-641: The age of majority is 18 in most states. In the Republic of Ireland the age of majority is 18, but one must be over 21 to stand for election to the Houses of the Oireachtas . Also, in Portugal the age of majority is 18, but one must be at least 25 years of age to run for public office and 35 to run for president. A child who is legally emancipated by a court of competent jurisdiction automatically attains to their maturity upon

1998-445: The age of majority, and in that case the younger part, despite having already reached the legal adulthood, would be still referred to as minor or underage to consent to sexual activity. If a minor attempts to use adult privileges without being of age, they have committed a crime . Therefore, they could be prosecuted as a criminal and sentenced to fines or, more rarely, incarceration . Age of majority should not be confused with

2052-472: The age of majority. For example, to purchase alcoholic beverages , the age of license is 21 in all U.S. states. Another example is the voting age, which prior to 1971 was 21 in the US, as was the age of majority in all or most states. After the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18, the age of majority was lowered to 18 in most states. In most US states, one may obtain a driver's license, consent to sexual activity, and gain full-time employment at age 16 even though

2106-523: The beginning of the day of that person's relevant birthday; under English common law this was not always the case. In many countries minors can be emancipated : depending on jurisdiction, this may happen through acts such as marriage , attaining economic self-sufficiency, obtaining an educational degree or diploma , or participating in a form of military service . In the United States, all states have some form of emancipation of minors. The age of majority in countries (or administrative divisions ) in

2160-531: The dates of the deaths of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il , respectively. More than 100,000 North Koreans celebrate displaced birthdays on July 9 and December 18 instead to avoid these dates. A person born on July 8 before 1994 may change their birthday, with official recognition. South Korea was one of the last countries to use a form of East Asian age reckoning for many official purposes. Prior to June 2023, three systems were used together—"Korean ages" that start with 1 at birth and increase every January 1st with

2214-497: The guardianship of adults known as " Curatores " whose permission was needed to engage in formal acts and sign contracts until the youth turned 30. This was later lowered to 25, and eventually 21 became the common age of majority. In some places historically, 23 or 27 could have also been this age. It has also been as low as 14 or 15 years of age. They are somewhat arbitrarily chosen, but have rarely been designated outside of this approximate age range. It has not always been 18 or 21 but

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2268-508: The legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardians over and for them. Most countries set the age of majority at 18, though it varies by jurisdiction. Many cultures have one or more coming of age birthdays: The birthdays of historically significant people, such as national heroes or founders, are often commemorated by an official holiday marking the anniversary of their birth. An individual's Beddian birthday, named in tribute to firefighter Bobby Beddia, occurs during

2322-519: The longest nights of the year also occur in the Northern Hemisphere nine months before. However, it appears the holidays have more of an effect on birth rates than the winter: New Zealand , a Southern Hemisphere country, has the same September and October peak with no corresponding peak in March and April. The least common birthdays tend to fall around public holidays, such as Christmas , New Year's Day and fixed-date holidays such as July 4 in

2376-575: The mainland. Birthday traditions reflected the culture's deep-seated focus on longevity and wordplay. From the homophony in some dialects between 酒 (" rice wine ") and 久 (meaning "long" in the sense of time passing), osmanthus and other rice wines are traditional gifts for birthdays in China . Longevity noodles are another traditional food consumed on the day, although western-style birthday cakes are increasingly common among urban Chinese. Hongbaos —red envelopes stuffed with money, now especially

2430-459: The military, to consent to sexual intercourse , to marry with parental consent , to marry without parental consent, to vote , to run for elected office, to legally purchase (or consume) alcohol and tobacco products, to purchase lottery tickets, or to obtain a driver's licence . The age of majority is the age when minors cease to legally be considered children and assume control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thereby terminating

2484-475: The past (the same argument was made in the 1970s when most countries lowered the age of majority from 21 to 18, which remains the age used for most countries). In addition, compared to the past, information is much more easily accessible as a result of the spread of the Internet , which can be accessed through both the personal computer and the smartphone . A person reaches the age of majority at midnight at

2538-596: The repetition of the phrase Niech żyje nam , usually A kto? ('But who?') will be collectively shouted, followed by the name of the intended recipient of the wishes. Of the few variations of the optional second verse, the most common one is as follows: Niech im gwiazdka pomyślności Nigdy nie zagaśnie! Nigdy nie zagaśnie! A kto z nami nie zaśpiewa/wypije, Niech pod stołem zaśnie! Niech pod stołem zaśnie! Which roughly translates to: May their star of prosperity Never extinguish! Never extinguish! And whoever won't sing/drink with us May they sleep under

2592-607: The signing of the court order. Only emancipation confers the status of maturity before a person has actually reached the age of majority. In almost all places, minors who marry are automatically emancipated. Some places also do the same for minors who are in the armed forces or who have a certain degree or diploma. Minors who are emancipated may be able to choose where they live, sign contracts, and have control over their financial and medical decisions and generally make decisions free from parental control but are not exempt from age requirements set forth in law for other rights. For example,

2646-469: The state of being a minor. The law in a given jurisdiction may not actually use the term "age of majority". The term typically refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood. Those under the age of majority are referred to as minors and are legally forbidden from enjoying certain privileges or rights (e.g. the right to vote, buy and/or drink alcohol, marry, sign a binding contract). However, there are exceptions in which those who have reached

2700-406: The table! May they sleep under the table! The phrase "Sto lat!" is also often used to wish someone longevity or good fortune, or as a toast , without the song. However, the use of "Sto lat!" in this manner will often lead to the song being sung by those present. The phrase is also sometimes used to acknowledge someone's sneezing – similarly to "God bless you", though for that particular occasion

2754-416: The threshold of adulthood but in a much broader and more abstract manner. As a legal term of art, "license" means "permission", which leads to implications of a legally enforceable right or privilege. Thus, an age of license is an age at which one has legal permission from a given government to participate in certain activities or rituals. The age of majority, on the other hand, is a legal recognition that one

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2808-525: The year following their birth on January 1 in the Northern Hemisphere and August 1 in the Southern Hemisphere. In certain parts of the world, an individual's birthday is celebrated by a party featuring a specially made cake . It may be decorated with lettering and the person's age, or studded with the same number of lit candles as the age of the individual. The celebrated individual may make

2862-399: The year that their age matches the last two digits of the year they were born. In many cultures and jurisdictions, if a person's real birthday is not known (for example, if they are an orphan), then their birthday may be adopted or assigned to a specific day of the year, such as January 1. The birthday of Jesus is celebrated at Christmas . Racehorses are reckoned to become one year old in

2916-499: Was not celebrated by early Christians, is negatively expounded in the Holy Scriptures and has customs linked to superstition and magic . The birthday does not reflect Islamic tradition, and because of this, the majority of Muslims refrain from celebrating it. Others do not object, as long as it is not accompanied by behavior contrary to Islamic tradition. A good portion of Muslims (and Arab Christians ) who have emigrated to

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