Misplaced Pages

#797202

75-563: The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation founded the orchestra in 1938 as the Stavanger musikerforenings orkester , for radio broadcasts. The orchestra's first artistic leader was the violinist Gunnar Knudsen, from 1938 to 1945. In 1965, the orchestra's name was changed to the Symfoniorkestret i Stavanger , and again in 1982 to its present name. Past artistic leaders of the orchestra have included Susanna Mälkki (2002–2005), and more recently

150-555: A Minor Key , 1943), Große Freiheit Nr. 7 ( The Great Freedom, No. 7 , 1944), and Unter den Brücken ( Under the Bridges , 1945). Schools were also provided with motion picture projectors because the film was regarded as particularly appropriate for propagandising children. Films specifically created for schools were termed "military education." Triumph des Willens ( Triumph of the Will , 1935) by film-maker Leni Riefenstahl chronicled

225-452: A cartoon produced and posted on NRK’s Facebook page was widely panned for antisemitism. It featured an orthodox Jew participating in a game of Scrabble , where his opponent is hesitant to lay down his point-scoring yet deeply offensive word "Jew swine". The network received over 300 complaint letters. NRK denied accusations of antisemitism, but removed the description "tag a Jew" from the video. The network previously apologized for spoofing

300-401: A corps commander, explained to his German troops regarding their actions toward Jews, "We want to bring back peace, calm and order to this land…" German leaders tried to make their soldiers believe that Jews were a threat to their society. Thus, German soldiers followed orders given to them and participated in the demonisation and mass murders of Jews. In other words, German soldiers saw Jews as

375-510: A group that was trying to infect and take over their homeland. Bartov's description of Nazi Germany explains the intense discipline and unity that the soldiers had which played a role in their willingness to obey orders that were given to them. These feelings that German soldiers had toward Jews grew more and more as time went on as the German leaders kept pushing further for Jews to get out of their land as they wanted total annihilation of Jews. Until

450-768: A privately owned company and the predecessor of NRK, started regular radio broadcasts in Norway in 1925. NRK itself was founded in 1933. Based on a model similar to that of the BBC and located in Oslo , it was a replacement for privately operated radio stations in larger cities. NRK initially set out to cover the entire country and had a monopoly on broadcasting in Norway. The monopoly came under intense pressure when Norwegian TV companies began broadcasting from abroad in addition to international cable TV. Cable TV started in 1982 and satellite TV in 1986 (the launch of TV3 in 1987 and TVNorge in 1988). It

525-516: A propagandistic casus belli . Its credibility doesn't matter. The victor will not be asked whether he told the truth. The main part of this propaganda campaign was the false flag Operation Himmler , which was designed to create the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany, in order to justify the invasion of Poland . Research finds that the Nazis' use of radio propaganda helped it consolidate power and enroll more party members. There are

600-621: A storybook that equated the Jewish people to poisonous mushrooms and aimed to educate children about the Jews. The book was an example of antisemitic propaganda and stated that "The following tales tell the truth about the Jewish poison mushroom. They show the many shapes the Jew assumes. They show the depravity and baseness of the Jewish race. They show the Jew for what he really is: The Devil in human form." "Geopolitical atlases" emphasised Nazi schemes, demonstrating

675-542: A tale of how the prince's racial instincts lead him to reject the stepmother's alien blood (present in her daughters) for the racially pure maiden. Nordic sagas were likewise presented as the illustration of the Führerprinzip , which was developed with such heroes as Frederick the Great and Otto von Bismarck . Literature was to be chosen within the "German spirit" rather than a fixed list of forbidden and required, which made

750-474: A vacillating crowd of human children who are constantly wavering between one idea and another. (...) The great majority of a nation is so feminine in its character and outlook that its thought and conduct are ruled by sentiment rather than by sober reasoning. This sentiment, however, is not complex, but simple and consistent. It is not highly differentiated, but has only the negative and positive notions of love and hatred, right and wrong, truth and falsehood. As to

825-537: A variety of factors that increased the obedience of German soldiers in terms of following the Nazi orders that were given to them regarding Jews. Omer Bartov, a professor on subjects such as German studies and European history, mentioned in his book, Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich , how German soldiers were told information that influenced their actions. Bartov mentioned that General Joachim Lemelsen ,

SECTION 10

#1732844618798

900-501: A variety of purposes. It was hoped that people in Allied countries would be persuaded that Jews should be blamed for the war. The Nazis also wished to ensure that German people were aware of the extreme measures being carried out against the Jews on their behalf, in order to incriminate them and thus guarantee their continued loyalty through fear by Nazi-conjectured scenarios of supposed post-war "Jewish" reprisals. Especially from 1942 onwards,

975-695: A youth channel called NRK3 . Later that year, on 1 December, NRK launched its fourth television channel, NRK Super , which is aimed at children. NRK3 and NRK Super share the same channel, with NRK Super broadcasting from 06:00 to 19:30 and NRK3 from 19:30 to 06:00. In 2000, following NRK Interaktiv's relaunch as NRK.no, NRK redesigned its corporate logo (that was introduced in 1969), so that it could be similar to its old version. This new version of NRK's corporate logo made its first appearance in an ident in 2001 by making its overhaul to NRK's radio and television channels. A traditional music radio station, NRK Alltid folkemusikk (now known as " NRK Folkemusikk ")

1050-405: Is a Norwegian state-run, government-influenced radio and television broadcasting company. The NRK broadcasts three national TV channels and thirteen national radio channels on digital terrestrial television, digital terrestrial radio and subscription television. They also offer an online video on-demand and podcast streaming service , and produce online and broadcast news . The NRK

1125-592: Is a founding member of the European Broadcasting Union and a member of the Norwegian Press Association . Until the start of 2020, about 94% of NRK's funding came from a mandatory annual licence fee payable by anyone who owns or uses a TV or device capable of receiving TV broadcasts. The remainder came from commercial activities such as programme and DVD sales, spin-off products, and certain types of sponsorships. NRK's license income in 2012

1200-571: The Ark Royal proved to have survived an attack that German propaganda had hyped. Goebbels instructed Nazi propagandists to describe the invasion of the Soviet Union ( Operation Barbarossa ) as the "European crusade against Bolshevism " and the Nazis then formed different units of the Waffen-SS consisting of mainly volunteers and conscripts . After Stalingrad, the main theme changed to Germany as

1275-595: The German film industry became entirely nationalised. The National Socialist Propaganda Directorate, which Goebbels oversaw, had at its disposal nearly all film agencies in Germany by 1936. Occasionally, certain directors such as Wolfgang Liebeneiner were able to bypass Goebbels by providing him with a different version of the film than would be released. Such films include those directed by Helmut Käutner : Romanze in Moll ( Romance in

1350-516: The Nuremberg Laws , which were claimed to allow the German and Jewish peoples to co-exist without the danger of mixing. Science was to be presented as the most natural area for introducing the "Jewish Question" once teachers took care to point out that in nature, animals associated with those of their own species. Teachers' guidelines on racial instruction presented both the handicapped and Jews as dangers. Despite their many photographs glamorising

1425-470: The "NRK productions" section above. NRK1, NRK2, and NRK3 are known to be carried by some Swedish, Danish and Icelandic pay-TV providers, while NRK1 and NRK2 are carried by some Finnish, Ålandic and Faroese providers. Yle Mondo, which broadcasts on FM in the greater Helsinki area, carries half an hour of unspecified NRK radio shows in Norwegian on weekdays at 13:30 as of November 2023. In July 2019,

1500-624: The "Nordic" type, the texts also claimed that visual inspection was insufficient, and genealogical analysis was required to determine their types and report any hereditary problems. However, the National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB) stressed that at primary schools, in particular, they had to work on only the Nordic racial core of the German Volk again and again and contrast it with the racial composition of foreign populations and

1575-505: The "encirclement" of Germany, depicting how the prolific Slav nations would cause the German people to be overrun, and (in contrast) showing the relative population density of Germany was much higher than that of the Eastern regions (where they would seek Lebensraum ). Textbooks would often show that the birth rate amongst Slavs was prolific compared to Germans. Geography text books stated how crowded Germany had become. Other charts would show

SECTION 20

#1732844618798

1650-674: The 2021–2022 season. Tianyi Lu became the SSO's conductor-in-residence for the 2021-2022 season. In June 2023, the SSO announced an extension of Poga's contract as chief conductor through the 2025-2026 season. The SSO has recorded commercially for such labels as BIS, including music of Harald Sæverud , Geirr Tveitt and Fartein Valen . Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (Norwegian: Norsk rikskringkasting , lit.   'Norwegian National Broadcasting'), commonly known by its initialism NRK ,

1725-600: The Allied governments banned all forms of Nazi propaganda and the organizations which produced and disseminated such materials during the years of denazification .    Nazi propaganda promoted Nazi ideology by demonising the enemies of the Nazi Party, notably Jews and communists , but also capitalists and intellectuals . It promoted the values asserted by the Nazis, including heroic death, Führerprinzip (leader principle), Volksgemeinschaft (people's community), Blut und Boden (blood and soil), and pride in

1800-507: The American conductor Steven Sloane (2007–2013). Christian Vásquez was chief conductor from 2013 to 2019. In addition to its chief conductor, the SSO has appointed conductors with a formal principal responsibility for early music programming, including Frans Brüggen (1990–1997), Philippe Herreweghe , and since 2006, Fabio Biondi . In June 2019, the SSO announced the appointment of Andris Poga as its next chief conductor, effective with

1875-555: The Aryan master race ( Herrenvolk ) while the Jews were untrustworthy, parasitic, and Untermenschen (subhumans). Course content and textbooks unnecessarily included information that was propagandistic, an attempt to sway the children's views from an early age. Maps showing the racial composition of Europe were banned from the classroom after many efforts that did not define the territory widely enough for party officials. Fairy tales were put to use, with Cinderella being presented as

1950-448: The FM network was eight times more expensive than transmitting through digital audio broadcasting, and because only five national radio stations are transmitting on FM, compared to the 42 digital radio stations allocated in Norway, with 22 stations transmitting on the latter. NRK Radio is expected to transition from FM to digital radio before commercial radio stations do so. NRK claimed to have

2025-630: The Germanic Herrenvolk (master race). Propaganda was also used to maintain the cult of personality around Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, and to promote campaigns for eugenics and the annexation of German-speaking areas . After the outbreak of World War II , Nazi propaganda vilified Germany's enemies, notably the United Kingdom , the Soviet Union , and the United States , and in 1943 exhorted

2100-699: The Holocaust in a 2016 cartoon, which has still not been removed. 59°56′6.21″N 10°43′6.79″E  /  59.9350583°N 10.7185528°E  / 59.9350583; 10.7185528 Nazi propaganda Final solution Parties Propaganda was a crucial tool of the German Nazi Party from its earliest days in 1920, after its reformation from the German Worker’s Party (DAP), to its final weeks leading to Germany's surrender in May 1945. As

2175-765: The Jews during World War II. For example, Hitler claimed that the international language Esperanto was part of a Jewish plot and makes arguments toward the old German nationalist ideas of " Drang nach Osten " and the necessity to gain Lebensraum ("living space") eastwards (especially in Russia). Other books such as Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes ("Racial Science of the German People") by Hans Günther and Rasse und Seele ("Race and Soul") by Dr. Ludwig Ferdinand Clauß  [ de ] (published under different titles between 1926 and 1934) attempt to identify and classify

2250-519: The Jews. In occupied France, the German Institute encouraged the translation of German works although chiefly German nationalists, not ardent Nazis, produced a massive increase in the sale of translated works. The only books in English to be sold were English classics, and books with Jewish authors or Jewish subject matter (such as biographies) were banned, except for some scientific works. Control of

2325-620: The Nazi Party Congress of 1934 in Nuremberg . It followed an earlier film of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally produced by Riefenstahl, Der Sieg des Glaubens . Triumph of the Will features footage of uniformed party members (though relatively few German soldiers), who are marching and drilling to militaristic tunes. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including Hitler. Frank Capra used scenes from

Stavanger Symphony Orchestra - Misplaced Pages Continue

2400-596: The Nazis' time in opposition, their means of propaganda remained limited. With little access to mass media, the party continued to rely heavily on Hitler and a few others speaking at public meetings until 1929. One study finds that the Weimar government's use of pro-government radio propaganda slowed Nazi growth. In April 1930, Hitler appointed Goebbels head of party propaganda. Goebbels, a former journalist and Nazi Party officer in Berlin, soon proved his skills. Among his first successes

2475-517: The Nazis, such as German nationalism, eugenics , and antisemitism had been in circulation since the 19th century, and the Nazis seized on this body of existing work in their own publications. The most notable is Hitler's Mein Kampf , detailing his beliefs. The book outlines major ideas that would later culminate in World War II. It is heavily influenced by Gustave Le Bon 's 1895 The Crowd: A Study of

2550-553: The Popular Mind , which theorised propaganda as a way to control the seemingly irrational behavior of crowds. Particularly prominent is the violent antisemitism of Hitler and his associates, drawing, among other sources, on the fabricated " The Protocols of the Elders of Zion " (1897), which implied that Jews secretly conspired to rule the world. This book was a key source of propaganda for the Nazis and helped fuel their common hatred against

2625-700: The Soviet Union. One of the primary sources for propaganda was the Wehrmachtbericht , a daily radio broadcast from the High Command of the Wehrmacht , the OKW . Nazi victories lent themselves easily to propaganda broadcasts and were at this point difficult to mishandle. Satires on the defeated, accounts of attacks, and praise for the fallen all were useful for Nazis. Still, failures were not easily handled even at this stage. For example, considerable embarrassment resulted when

2700-511: The announcement that Jews were being exterminated served as a group unification factor to preclude desertion and force the Germans to continue fighting. Germans were fed the knowledge that too many atrocities had been committed, especially against the Jews, to allow for an understanding to be reached with the Allies. Nazi media vilified arch-enemies of Nazi Germany as Jewish ( Franklin D. Roosevelt ) or in

2775-491: The case, all effective propaganda must be confined to a few bare essentials and those must be expressed as far as possible in stereotyped formulas. These slogans should be persistently repeated until the very last individual has come to grasp the idea that has been put forward. (...) Every change that is made in the subject of a propagandist message must always emphasize the same conclusion. The leading slogan must, of course, be illustrated in many ways and from several angles, but in

2850-438: The cases of Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill abject puppets of an international Jewish conspiracy intent on ruining Germany and Nazism. Problems in propaganda arose easily in this stage; expectations of success were raised too high and too quickly, which required explanation if they were not fulfilled, and blunted the effects of success, and the hushing of blunders and failures caused mistrust. The increasing hardship of

2925-523: The conclusion of the Battle of Stalingrad on 2 February 1943, German propaganda emphasised the prowess of German arms and the humanity German soldiers had shown to the peoples of occupied territories. Pilots of the Allied bombing fleets were depicted as cowardly murderers and Americans in particular as gangsters in the style of Al Capone . At the same time, German propaganda sought to alienate Americans and British from each other, and both these Western nations from

3000-494: The cost of disabled children as opposed to healthy ones, or show how two-child families threatened the birthrate. Math books discussed military applications and used military word problems, physics and chemistry concentrated on military applications, and grammar classes were devoted to propaganda sentences. Other textbooks dealt with the history of the Nazi Party. Elementary school reading text included large amounts of propaganda. Children were taught through textbooks that they were

3075-477: The differences between the German, Nordic , or Aryan type and other supposedly inferior peoples. These books were used as texts in German schools during the Nazi era. The pre-existing and popular genre of Schollen-roman , or novel of the soil, also known as blood and soil novels, was given a boost by the acceptability of its themes to the Nazis and developed a mysticism of unity. The immensely popular "Red Indian" stories by Karl May were permitted despite

Stavanger Symphony Orchestra - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-459: The dream of a common fatherland for which all Germans must fight. Throughout Mein Kampf , he pushed Germans worldwide to make the struggle for political power and independence their main focus, made official in the Heim ins Reich policy beginning in 1938. On 13 March 1933, a Ministry of Propaganda was established, with Goebbels as its Minister. Its goals were to establish enemies in the public mind:

3225-479: The end one must always return to the assertion of the same formula. Hitler put these ideas into practice with the reestablishment of the Völkischer Beobachter , a newspaper published by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from December 1920 onwards, whose circulation reached 26,175 in 1929. It was joined in 1927 by Joseph Goebbels 's Der Angriff , another unabashedly and crudely propagandistic paper. During most of

3300-633: The external enemies which had imposed the Treaty of Versailles on Germany, and internal enemies such as Jews, Romani , homosexuals, Bolsheviks , and cultural trends including " degenerate art ". For months prior to the beginning of World War II in 1939, German newspapers and leaders had carried out a national and international propaganda campaign accusing Polish authorities of organising or tolerating violent ethnic cleansing of ethnic Germans living in Poland. On 22 August, Hitler told his generals: I will provide

3375-528: The film began on 26 February 1944. Directed by Kurt Gerron , it was meant to show how well the Jews lived under the "benevolent" protection of Nazi Germany. After the shooting, most of the cast, and even the filmmaker himself, were deported to the concentration camp of Auschwitz where they were murdered. Hans Fritzsche , who had been head of the Radio Chamber, was tried and acquitted by the Nuremberg war crimes tribunal . Antisemitic wartime propaganda served

3450-511: The heads of the least intellectual of those to whom it is directed. (...) The art of propaganda consists precisely in being able to awaken the imagination of the public through an appeal to their feelings, in finding the appropriate psychological form that will arrest the attention and appeal to the hearts of the national masses. The broad masses of the people are not made up of diplomats or professors of public jurisprudence nor simply of persons who are able to form reasoned judgment in given cases, but

3525-583: The heroic treatment of the hero Winnetou and "coloured" races; instead, the argument was made that the stories demonstrated the fall of the Red Indians was caused by a lack of racial consciousness, to encourage it in the Germans. Other fictional works were also adapted; Heidi was stripped of its Christian elements, and Robinson Crusoe 's relationship to Friday was made a master-slave one. Children's books also made their appearance. In 1938, Julius Streicher published Der Giftpilz (The Poisonous Mushroom),

3600-471: The initial news of Hitler's death on the night of 1 May; an announcer claimed he had died that afternoon as a hero fighting against Bolshevism . Hitler's successor as head of state , Karl Dönitz , further asserted that the U.S. forces were continuing the war solely to spread Bolshevism within Europe. The Nazis and sympathisers published many propaganda books. Most of the beliefs that would become associated with

3675-540: The internet. On 16 April 2015, the Norwegian Ministry of Culture announced its intention to eventually switch off all FM transmitters in the country, with the first such transmitter expected to be switched off on 11 January 2017, therefore making Norway the first country in the world to completely transition to digital radio . According to the Ministry of Culture, the decision was justified because transmitting through

3750-696: The internet. They also contribute news coverage to national news programmes. NRK's headquarters are at Marienlyst in Oslo and Tyholt in Trondheim . Norway was the first country to announce a complete switch-off of national FM radio stations, including NRK P1 with regional services, NRK P2 and NRK P3 , NRK mP3 and NRK Alltid Nyheter . Switch off started on 11 January 2017, and ended on 13 December 2017. From 2018, all FM transmitters are replaced with broadcast via DAB + , internet and cable. Most original productions are available globally free of charge on NRK's VoD service NRK TV , including those listed in

3825-468: The letter "r" being made up of a rectangle and a circle, and the letter "k" being made up of a rectangle and reflecting-mirrored italic rectangles. NRK was the last of the major European public broadcasters to introduce a second radio station, officially starting as late as 1984. In 1993, NRK launched a third radio station, the youth-oriented P3 . A 24-hour station for classical music, Alltid Klassisk (now called " NRK Klassisk "), introduced in 1995,

SECTION 50

#1732844618798

3900-399: The longest-running radio show, Lørdagsbarnetimen ( The Saturday Children's Hour ), which ran from 20 December 1924 until 11 September 2010. In 2017, NRK asked five architectural firms to present sketches for possible development and use of NRK's area at Marienlyst, should NRK move rather than improve the property. In 2019, work began to find the best site for a new building, and in 2020

3975-599: The main defender of what they called "Western European culture" against the "Bolshevist hordes". The introduction of the V-1 and V-2 "vengeance weapons" was emphasised to convince Britons of the hopelessness of defeating Germany. On 23 June 1944, the Nazis permitted the Red Cross to visit the concentration camp Theresienstadt to dispel rumors about the Final Solution , which was intended to kill all Jews. In reality, Theresienstadt

4050-441: The methods to be employed, he explains: Propaganda must not investigate the truth objectively and, in so far as it is favorable to the other side, present it according to the theoretical rules of justice; yet it must present only that aspect of the truth which is favorable to its own side. (...) The receptive powers of the masses are very restricted, and their understanding is feeble. On the other hand, they quickly forget. Such being

4125-688: The paper supply allowed Germans the easy ability to pressure publishers about books. The Nazi-controlled government in German-occupied France produced the Vica comic book series during World War II as a propaganda tool against the Allied forces. The Vica series, authored by Vincent Krassousky , represented Nazi influence and perspective in French society, and included such titles as Vica Contre le service secret Anglais , and Vica défie l'Oncle Sam . The Nazis produced many films to promote their views, using

4200-468: The party gained more power. These efforts promulgated Nazi ideology throughout German society. Such ideology included promotion of Nazi policies and values at home, worldview beyond their borders, antisemitism , vilification of non-German peoples and anti-Nazi organizations, eugenics and eventually total war against the Allied Nations. After Germany’s defeat and subsequent surrender on May 7, 1945,

4275-648: The party gained power, the scope and efficacy of its propaganda grew and permeated an increasing amount of space in Germany and, eventually, beyond. Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf (1925) provided the groundwork for the party’s later methodology while the newspapers, the Völkischer Beobachter and later Der Angriff , served as the early practical foundations for later propaganda during the party’s formative years. These were later followed by many media types including books, posters, magazines, photos, art, films, and radio broadcasts which took increasingly prominent roles as

4350-505: The party's Department of Film for organising film propaganda. An estimated 45 million people attended film screenings put on by the NSDAP. Reichsamtsleiter Karl Neumann declared that the goal of the Department of Film was not directly political in nature, but was rather to influence the culture, education, and entertainment of the general population. On 22 September 1933, a Department of Film

4425-598: The population to total war . Adolf Hitler devoted two chapters of his 1925 book Mein Kampf , itself a propaganda tool, to the study and practice of propaganda. He claimed to have learned the value of propaganda as a World War I infantryman exposed to very effective British and ineffectual German propaganda. The argument that Germany lost the war largely because of British propaganda efforts, expounded at length in Mein Kampf , reflected then-common German nationalist claims. Although untrue—German propaganda during World War I

4500-548: The position of director of the Marienlyst-division of NRK in Oslo. The chairman of the board is Birger Magnus, Marius Lillelien heads the broadcasting department, and the head of the news department is Marius Tetlie. In 2017, NRK employed 3419 and 266 temporary staff. NRK has 12 regional offices around Norway. Each office has its own broadcasts on both television (on NRK 1) and radio (on NRK P1), as well their own news sites on

4575-461: The property on Marienlyst was sold to Ferd Eiendom for NOK 3.75 billion. Close to 100 different locations were considered for the new head office, but Gamle Oslo, Bryn, Storo Løren, Lillestrøm-Puls and Lilleaker were the most relevant options. Director of relocation Jon Espen Lohne in NRK, said in 2020 that they have ambitions to get the country to choose a site before the end of the year. In May 2021, it

SECTION 60

#1732844618798

4650-862: The same time simplifying trading in the internal market . The programme-producing divisions are: Vibeke Fürst Haugen has been director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation since 29 April 2022. The previous directors were Olav Midttun (1934–1947, except during the Nazi occupation ), Kaare Fostervoll (1948–1962), Hans Jacob Ustvedt (1962–1971), Torolf Elster (1972–1981), Bjartmar Gjerde (1981–1988), Einar Førde (1989–2001), John G. Bernander (2001–2007), Hans-Tore Bjerkaas (2007–2012) and Thor Gjermund Eriksen (2012-2022). After WW2, all but Hans-Tore Bjerkaas and John G. Bernander had been active politically in socialist parties. The current director-general, Vibeke Fürst Haugen, came from

4725-429: The teachers all the more cautious although Jewish authors were impossible for classrooms. While only William Shakespeare 's Macbeth and The Merchant of Venice were actually recommended, none of the plays were actually forbidden, even Hamlet , denounced for "flabbiness of soul." Biology texts, however, were put to the most use in presenting eugenic principles and racial theories; this included explanations of

4800-496: The war for the German people also called forth more propaganda that the war had been forced on the German people by the refusal of foreign powers to accept their strength and independence. Goebbels called for propaganda to toughen up the German people and not make victory look easy. After Hitler's death , his successor as chancellor of Germany , Goebbels, informed the Reichssender Hamburg radio station. The station broke

4875-410: Was a transit camp for Jews en route to extermination camps . In a sophisticated propaganda effort, fake shops and cafés were erected to imply that the Jews lived in relative comfort. The guests enjoyed the performance of a children's opera, Brundibár , written by inmate Hans Krása . The hoax was so successful for the Nazis that they went on to make a propaganda film Theresienstadt . The shooting of

4950-521: Was announced that NRK had decided to move to Ensjø, and that the price for the property was NOK 800 million. The CEO began major organisational changes in 2008, with the aim of creating a more agile NRK, while still adhering to the principles of the broadcaster-producer model introduced in January 2001. By January 2009, the number of programme-producing divisions had been reduced from five to three, separated more along geographical than functional lines, and at

5025-451: Was incorporated into the Chamber of Culture. The department controlled the licensing of every film prior to its production. Sometimes the government selected the actors for a film, financed the production partially or totally, and granted tax breaks to the producers. Awards for "valuable" films would decrease taxes, thus encouraging self-censorship among movie makers. Under Goebbels and Hitler,

5100-468: Was launched in 2004 on DAB and internet radio. NRK's international radio transmissions, known as Utenlandssendingen , began shortwave transmission in 1948. Initially broadcasting in Norwegian, English-language programs were added later. The service was discontinued on 1 January 2002. All NRK broadcasting activities on shortwave ceased on 1 January 2004. NRK's mediumwave transmitter at Kvitsøy on 1314 kHz used to be widely heard internationally and

5175-405: Was more than 5 billion NOK . In the autumn of 2015, the government announced that it planned to change the way NRK is financed. This was in part a reaction to the decline of TV ownership in Norway. From the start of 2020, NRK funding is an item in the national budget and the costs are covered through taxation for each individual liable for income taxes in Norway. Kringkastingsselskapet A/S ,

5250-498: Was mostly more advanced than that of the British—it became the official truth of Nazi Germany thanks to its reception by Hitler. Mein Kampf contains the blueprint of later Nazi propaganda efforts. Assessing his audience, Hitler writes in chapter VI: Propaganda must always address itself to the broad masses of the people. (...) All propaganda must be presented in a popular form and must fix its intellectual level so as not to be above

5325-585: Was not until the launch of TV 2 on 5 September 1992, that NRK's monopoly on television broadcasting in Norway ended. During the Nazi German occupation , Norwegian transmitters were used to broadcast Nazi German war propaganda to Northern Europe (particularly Scotland and the northern half of Ireland , where the sea path ensured a good signal) and Scandinavia . Prior to the Nazi German occupation, NRK had also been partly financed by radio commercials. NRK

5400-414: Was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union , which was founded in 1950. In 1954, NRK started broadcasting television shows, on a trial basis. Regular broadcasts started in 1960. In 1969, NRK adopted a new version of its corporate logo which consists of the lowercased "nrk" wordmark that has the letter "n" being made up of a rectangle and a reversed-italic rectangle,

5475-429: Was one of the most commonly heard trans-Atlantic DX signals in eastern North America . The frequency carried a mixture of NRK's radio channels P1 and P2, and was called Europakanalen (literally "The Europe Channel"). However, these mediumwave transmissions were discontinued on 1 July 2006. All of NRK's radio stations are now available on the internet. Several of NRK's television programmes are also available on

5550-424: Was the first of its kind to be broadcast digitally using digital audio broadcasting . The 24-hour news station Alltid Nyheter started in 1997, followed by a radio station for teenagers, mP3 in 2000, which mostly plays pop music. On 1 September 1996, a second television channel called NRK2 was launched. The original television channel is now known as NRK1 . On 3 September 2007, NRK launched its third channel:

5625-617: Was the organisation of riotous demonstrations that succeeded in having the American anti-war film All Quiet on the Western Front banned in Germany. A major political and ideological cornerstone of Nazi policy was the unification of all ethnic Germans living outside the Reich's borders (e.g. in Austria and Czechoslovakia ) under one Greater Germany. In Mein Kampf , Hitler denounced the pain and misery of ethnic Germans outside Germany, and declared

#797202