Stanley Lawrence Crouch (December 14, 1945 – September 16, 2020) was an American poet, music and cultural critic, syndicated columnist, novelist, and biographer. He was known for his jazz criticism and his 2000 novel Don't the Moon Look Lonesome?
63-481: Stanley Lawrence Crouch was born in Los Angeles, the son of James and Emma Bea (Ford) Crouch. He was raised by his mother. In Ken Burns ' 2005 television documentary Unforgivable Blackness , Crouch said that his father was a "criminal" and that he once met the boxer Jack Johnson . As a child he was a voracious reader, having read the complete works of Ernest Hemingway , Mark Twain , F. Scott Fitzgerald , and many of
126-449: A Cook County circuit court to liquidate the entire MacArthur Foundation. He dropped the suit later that year when he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. John E. Corbally , the first president of the foundation and later board chairman from 1995 to 2002, was followed in 1989–99 by Adele Simmons , who was the first female dean at Princeton University . Jonathan Fanton , president of American Academy of Arts and Sciences , served as
189-608: A "lost generation", are collected in Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979–1989 and The All-American Skin Game, or, The Decoy of Race: The Long and the Short of It, 1990–1994 . He identified the embrace of racial essentialism among African-American leaders and intellectuals as a diversion from issues more central to the betterment of African Americans and society as a whole. In the 1990s, he upset many political thinkers when he declared himself
252-680: A "radical pragmatist". He explained, "I affirm whatever I think has the best chance of working, of being both inspirational and unsentimental, of reasoning across the categories of false division and beyond the decoy of race". In his syndicated column for the New York Daily News , Crouch frequently criticized prominent African Americans. Crouch was critical of, among others: Alex Haley , the author of The Autobiography of Malcolm X and Roots: The Saga of an American Family ; community leader Al Sharpton ; filmmaker Spike Lee ; scholar Cornel West , and poet and playwright Amiri Baraka . Crouch
315-462: A biography of the jazz musician Charlie Parker , Kansas City Lightning (2013). His posthumous collection Victory Is Assured (2022) was edited by Glenn Mott. Crouch became less of a public figure due to declining health during his last decade. He died on September 16, 2020, at Calvary Hospital in New York City. The cause of death was a "long, unspecified illness," though he also struggled with
378-651: A bout of COVID-19 in the spring. He was 74. Crouch's personal and professional papers are held by the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture , New York Public Library . Crouch lived in Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn . As a political thinker, Crouch was initially drawn to, then became disillusioned with, the Black Power movement of the late 1960s. His critiques of his former co-thinkers, whom he refers to as
441-450: A candidate. Nominators, serving confidentially, anonymously and for a limited time, are invited to recommend potential Fellows. Candidates are reviewed by a selection committee whose members also serve confidentially, anonymously and for a limited time. Ultimately, the selection committee makes recommendations to the foundation's board of directors for final approval. The foundation awarded a total of around $ 850,000 in six separate grants to
504-585: A documentary about an Ann Arbor factory. He graduated from Pioneer High School in Ann Arbor in 1971. Turning down reduced tuition at the University of Michigan, he attended Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, where students are graded through narrative evaluations rather than letter grades and where students create self-directed academic concentrations instead of choosing a traditional major. Burns worked in
567-527: A move from California to New York City, where he shared a loft with Murray above an East Village club called the Tin Palace . He was a drummer for Murray and with other musicians of the underground New York loft jazz scene. While working as a drummer, Crouch conducted the booking for an avant-garde jazz series at the club, as well as organizing occasional concert events at the Ladies' Fort . By his own admission he
630-641: A museum retrospective noted, "His PBS specials [are] strikingly out of step with the visual pyrotechnics and frenetic pacing of most reality-based TV programming, relying instead on techniques that are literally decades old, although Burns reintegrates these constituent elements into a wholly new and highly complex textual arrangement." In a 2011 interview, Burns stated that he admires and is influenced by filmmaker Errol Morris . These three short films are collected and distributed together as Seeing, Searching, Being: William Segal . MacArthur Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
693-537: A record store to pay his tuition. Living on as little as $ 2,500 in two years in Walpole, New Hampshire , Burns studied under photographers Jerome Liebling , Elaine Mayes , and others. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in film studies and design in 1975. In 1976, Burns, Elaine Mayes, and college classmate Roger Sherman founded a production company called Florentine Films in Walpole, New Hampshire. The company's name
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#1733132211748756-408: A regular contributor to Countdown with Keith Olbermann on Current TV . In 2016, he also gave a commencement speech for Stanford University criticizing Donald Trump . In 2023, a 2013 photograph of Ken Burns and Clarence Thomas at a Koch Brothers fundraising event was made public in a Pro Publica article about Justice Thomas' ties to right wing activists. Burns stated that the encounter
819-433: A thinker on racial issues. A quote from the rioting, "Ain't no ambulances for no nigguhs tonight", was used as a title for a polemical speech that advocated black nationalist ideas, released as a recording in 1969; it was also used for a 1972 collection of his poems. Crouch was then active as a jazz drummer. Together with David Murray , he formed the group Black Music Infinity. In 1975, he sought to further his endeavors with
882-629: A virtually insatiable appetite for controversy." Boynton also observed: "Few cultural critics have a vision as eclectic and intriguing as Stanley Crouch's. Fewer still actually fight to prove their points." Crouch was fired from JazzTimes following his controversial article "Putting the White Man in Charge" in which he stated that, since the 1960s, "white musicians who can play are too frequently elevated far beyond their abilities in order to allow white writers to make themselves feel more comfortable about being in
945-602: A writer for the Voice from 1980 to 1988, he was known for his blunt criticisms of his targets and tendency to excoriate their participants. It was during this period that he became a friend and intellectual mentor to Wynton Marsalis , and an advocate of the neotraditionalist movement that he saw as reviving the core values of jazz. In 1987, he became an artistic consultant for the Jazz at Lincoln Center program, joined by Marsalis, who later became artistic director, in 1991. After his stint at
1008-609: Is a private foundation that makes grants and impact investments to support non-profit organizations in approximately 117 countries around the world. It has an endowment of $ 7.6 billion and provides approximately $ 260 million annually in grants and impact investments. It is based in Chicago , and in 2014 it was the 12th-largest private foundation in the United States. It has awarded more than US$ 8.27 billion since its first grants in 1978. The foundation's stated purpose
1071-577: Is a distant relative of Scottish poet Robert Burns . In 2014, Burns appeared in Henry Louis Gates 's Finding Your Roots where he discovered that he is a descendant of a slave owner from the Deep South , in addition to having a lineage which traces back to Colonial Americans of Loyalist allegiance during the American Revolution . Burns is an avid quilt collector. About one-third of
1134-684: Is an American filmmaker known for his documentary films and television series, many of which chronicle American history and culture . His work is often produced in association with WETA-TV or the National Endowment for the Humanities and distributed by PBS . Burns's widely known documentary series include The Civil War (1990), Baseball (1994), Jazz (2001), The War (2007), The National Parks: America's Best Idea (2009), Prohibition (2011), The Roosevelts (2014), The Vietnam War (2017), and Country Music (2019). He
1197-446: Is not a reward for past accomplishment, but an investment in a person's originality and potential. As of 2015 , MacArthur Fellows receive $ 625,000 each, which is paid out in quarterly installments over five years. The Chicago Foundation for Women was one of the nonprofit organizations to receive a US$ 1 million four-year grant in 2017. No one can apply for the program, and, generally, no one knows whether they are being considered as
1260-454: Is now termed the " Ken Burns effect " in Apple 's iPhoto , iMovie , and Final Cut Pro X software applications. Burns stated in a 2009 interview that he initially declined to have his name associated with the software because of his stance to refuse commercial endorsements. However, Apple chief Steve Jobs negotiated to give Burns Apple equipment, which Burns donated to nonprofit organizations. As
1323-525: Is really going on." He made a final, public break with black nationalist ideology in 1979, in an exchange with Amiri Baraka in the Village Voice . He was also emerging as a public critic of recent cultural and artistic trends that he saw as empty, phony, or corrupt. His targets included the fusion and avant-garde movements in jazz (including his own participation in the latter) and literature that he saw as hiding their lack of merit behind racial posturing. As
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#17331322117481386-566: Is to support "creative people, effective institutions, and influential networks building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world". MacArthur's grant-making priorities include mitigating climate change , reducing jail populations, decreasing nuclear threats, supporting nonprofit journalism, and funding local needs in its hometown of Chicago. According to the OECD , the foundation's financing for 2019 development increased by 27% to US$ 109 million. The MacArthur Fellows Program , commonly referred to as
1449-537: The Democratic National Convention , a video described by Politico as a "Burns-crafted tribute casting him [Kennedy] as the modern Ulysses bringing his party home to port." In August 2009, Kennedy died, and Burns produced a short eulogy video at his funeral. In endorsing Barack Obama for the U.S. presidency in December 2007, Burns compared Obama to Abraham Lincoln . He said he had planned to be
1512-721: The John Steinbeck Award , an award presented annually by Steinbeck's eldest son, Thomas, in collaboration with the John Steinbeck Family Foundation, San Jose State University , and the Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies . In May 2015, Burns gave the commencement address at Washington University in St. Louis and received an honorary doctorate of humanities. Burns was the Grand Marshal for
1575-917: The Mayo Clinic , Muhammad Ali , Ernest Hemingway , the American Revolution , Lyndon B. Johnson , Barack Obama , Winston Churchill , the American criminal justice system, and African-American history from the Civil War to the Great Migration . On April 5, 2021, Hemingway , a three-episode, six-hour documentary, a recapitulation of Hemingway's life, labors, and loves, debuted on the Public Broadcasting System , co-produced and directed by Burns and Lynn Novick . In 1982, Burns married Amy Stechler. The couple had two daughters, Sarah and Lilly . Their marriage ended in divorce in 1993. As of 2017 , Burns
1638-685: The New York Times crossword puzzle. He says, "there has not been a day since when I haven't done the New York Times crossword puzzle". Burns is a longtime supporter of the Democratic Party , describing himself as a “ Yellow dog Democrat ” and contributing almost $ 40,000 in political donations. In 2008, the Democratic National Committee chose Burns to produce the introductory video for Senator Ted Kennedy 's August 2008 speech to
1701-606: The Russian Guild of Film Directors between 2005 and 2014 to support the Stalker Human Rights Film Festival in Moscow . In June 2016, the foundation requested "proposals promising real progress toward solving a critical problem of our time in any field or any location". The winning proposal would receive a $ 100 million grant. Almost 2,000 proposals were submitted. In December 2017, the foundation announced that
1764-638: The Voice , Crouch published Notes of a Hanging Judge: Essays and Reviews, 1979–1989 , which was selected by The Encyclopædia Britannica Yearbook as the best book of essays published in 1990. That was followed by receipt of a Whiting Award in 1991, and a MacArthur Foundation "genius" grant and the Jean Stein Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1993. Crouch continued to be an active author, producing works of fiction and nonfiction, articles for periodicals and newspaper columns. He
1827-557: The Washington University International Humanities Medal. The medal, awarded biennially and accompanied by a cash prize of $ 25,000, is given to honor a person whose humanistic endeavors in scholarship, journalism, literature, or the arts have made a difference in the world. Past winners include Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk in 2006, journalist Michael Pollan in 2008, and novelist and nonfiction writer Francine Prose in 2010. In 2013, Burns received
1890-583: The civil rights movement , working for the Student Nonviolent Co-ordinating Committee . He was also involved in artistic and educational projects centered on the African-American community of Los Angeles, soon gaining recognition for his poetry. In 1968, he became poet-in-residence at Pitzer College , then taught theatre and literature at Pomona College until 1975. The Watts riots were a pivotal event in his early development as
1953-699: The "genius" award, annually gives $ 800,000 no-strings-attached grants to around two dozen creative individuals in diverse fields "who have shown extraordinary originality and dedication in their creative pursuits". The foundation's 100&Change competition awards a $ 100 million grant every three years to a single proposal. John D. MacArthur owned Bankers Life and Casualty and other businesses, as well as considerable property holdings in Florida and New York. His wife, Catherine , held positions in many of these companies. Their attorney, William T. Kirby , and Paul Doolen, their chief financial officer, suggested that
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2016-753: The 10 part TV series The Vietnam War (aired September 2017). Burns has built a long, successful career directing and producing well-received television documentaries and documentary miniseries . His oeuvre covers diverse subjects including art ( Thomas Hart Benton , 1988), mass media ( Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio , 1991), sports ( Baseball , 1994, updated with 10th Inning , 2010), political history ( Thomas Jefferson , 1997), music ( Jazz , 2001; Country Music , 2019), literature ( Mark Twain , 2001; Hemingway , 2021), environmentalism ( The National Parks , 2009), and war (the 15-hour World War II documentary The War , 2007;
2079-460: The 11-hour The Civil War , 1990, which All Media Guide says "many consider his 'chef d'oeuvre ' "). In 2007, Burns made an agreement with PBS to produce work for the network well into the next decade. According to a 2017 piece in The New Yorker , Burns and his company, Florentine Films, have selected topics for documentaries slated for release by 2030. These topics include country music ,
2142-599: The 2016 Pasadena Tournament of Roses ' Rose Parade on New Year's Day in Pasadena , California . The National Endowment for the Humanities selected Burns to deliver the 2016 Jefferson Lecture , the U.S. federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities , on the topic of race in America. He was the 2017 recipient of The Nichols-Chancellor's Medal at Vanderbilt University . In 2019, he received an honorary degree from Brown University . In 2022 he served as
2205-695: The Robin W. Winks Award for Enhancing Public Understanding of National Parks. The award recognizes an individual or organization that has effectively communicated the values of the National Park System to the American public. As of 2010 , there is a Ken Burns Wing at the Jerome Liebling Center for Film, Photography and Video at Hampshire College. Burns was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2011. In 2012, Burns received
2268-562: The S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards . In 2008 Burns was honored by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences with a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2008 Burns received The Lincoln Forum's Richard Nelson Current Award of Achievement. In 2010, the National Parks Conservation Association honored him and Dayton Duncan with
2331-730: The Year Award from the Producers Guild of America , a People's Choice Award , a Peabody Award , a duPont-Columbia Award , a D. W. Griffith Award , and the $ 50,000 Lincoln Prize . In 1991, Burns received the National Humanities Medal , then called the Charles Frankel Prize in the Humanities. In 1991, Burns received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 2004, Burns received
2394-469: The commencement speaker at the University of Pennsylvania and received an Honorary Doctor of Arts. Burns frequently incorporates simple musical leitmotifs or melodies. For example, The Civil War features a distinctive violin melody throughout, " Ashokan Farewell ", which was performed for the film by its composer, fiddler Jay Ungar . One critic noted, "One of the most memorable things about The Civil War
2457-410: The communities of Charleston County, South Carolina, Minnehaha County, South Dakota; The city and county of San Francisco; and Tulsa County, Oklahoma with $ 5 million in grant funding to create a unique plan to bring together government officials, non-profit partners, and impacted communities members to develop innovative approaches to this issue. MacArthur has awarded $ 3.2 million in support of the work in
2520-482: The construction of the Brooklyn Bridge . Developing a signature style of documentary filmmaking in which he "adopted the technique of cutting rapidly from one still picture to another in a fluid, linear fashion [and] then pepped up the visuals with 'first hand' narration gleaned from contemporary writings and recited by top stage and screen actors", Burns made the feature documentary Brooklyn Bridge (1981), which
2583-438: The elder MacArthur had an acrimonious relationship, waged a legal battle against the foundation for control of the board of directors. The younger MacArthur sued eight members of the board, accusing them of mismanagement of the foundation funds. These court cases were dismissed by each jurisdiction for lack of merit. In 1984, MacArthur again sued the board of directors including William Kirby, his father's trusted attorney, asking
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2646-523: The family create a foundation to be endowed by their vast fortune. When MacArthur died on January 6, 1978, he was worth in excess of a billion dollars. He left 92 percent of his estate to found the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Its first board of directors, per MacArthur's will, also included J. Roderick MacArthur , John's son from his first marriage, two other officers of Bankers Life and Casualty, and radio commentator Paul Harvey . Jonas Salk ,
2709-580: The film's advisory board and appears extensively. Some jazz critics and aficionados cited the participation of Marsalis and Crouch specifically as reasons for what they believed to be the film's undue focus on traditional and straight-ahead jazz . After Jazz , Crouch appeared in other Burns films, including the DVD for the 2002 remastered version of The Civil War and the 2004 documentary Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson . Ken Burns Kenneth Lauren Burns (born July 29, 1953)
2772-494: The foundation's next president. Robert Gallucci , formerly dean of Georgetown University 's School of Foreign Service, served as the foundation's fourth president from 2009 to 2014. Gallucci was fired in 2014. Julia Stasch, who formerly served as MacArthur's vice president for U.S. Programs, was named the foundation's president in 2015. Stasch had been chief of staff to Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley . She announced that she would step down in 2019. In March 2019, John Palfrey
2835-421: The inventor of the polio vaccine, later joined the board of directors. The elder MacArthur believed in the free market. However, he did not direct how foundation money was to be spent after he died. MacArthur told the board of directors, "I figured out how to make the money. You fellows will have to figure out how to spend it." Between 1979 and 1981, John's son, an ideological opponent of his father with whom
2898-514: The late 1970s, Crouch was critical of forms of jazz that diverge from what he regarded as its essential core values, similar to the opinions of Albert Murray on the same topic. In jazz critic Alex Henderson's assessment, Crouch was a "rigid jazz purist" and "a blistering critic of avant-garde jazz and fusion ". Crouch commented: "We should laugh at those who make artistic claims for fusion." In The New Yorker Robert Boynton wrote: "Enthusiastic, combative, and never averse to attention, Crouch has
2961-505: The other classics of American literature by the time he finished high school. His mother told him of the experiences of her youth in east Texas and the black culture of the southern midwest , including the Kansas City jazz scene. He became an enthusiast for jazz in both the aesthetic and historical senses. He graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in Los Angeles in 1963. After high school, he attended junior colleges and became active in
3024-405: The quilts from his personal collection were displayed at The International Quilt Study Center & Museum at the University of Nebraska from January 19 to May 13, 2018. When asked if he would ever make a film regarding his mother Lyla, Burns responded: "All of my films are about her. I don't think I could do it directly, because of how intensely painful it is." Burns is a regular solver of
3087-568: The role of evaluating an art from which they feel substantially alienated." Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis called Crouch "my best friend in the world" and "mentor". The two met after Marsalis, at the age of 17, settled in New York City to attend the Juilliard School . The two shared a close relationship, Crouch having written liner notes for Marsalis' albums since his debut album in 1982. When Marsalis served as "Senior Creative Consultant" for Ken Burns ' 2001 documentary Jazz , Crouch served on
3150-512: The shared name of Florentine Films. As such, their individual "subsidiary" companies include Ken Burns Media , Sherman Pictures , and Hott Productions . Burns's oldest child, Sarah , is also an employee of the company as of 2020. Burns initially worked as a cinematographer for the BBC , Italian television, and others. In 1977, having completed some documentary short films , he began work on adapting David McCullough 's book The Great Bridge , about
3213-488: The time a graduate student in cultural anthropology at Columbia University in Manhattan. The documentary filmmaker Ric Burns is his younger brother. Burns's academic family moved frequently. Among places they called home were Saint-Véran , France; Newark , Delaware; and Ann Arbor , Michigan, where his father taught at the University of Michigan . Burns describes growing up as "hippies" in Ann Arbor. Burns's mother
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#17331322117483276-607: The winning proposal was submitted by the Sesame Workshop and the International Rescue Committee . The grant was applied to the education of Middle Eastern refugee children. In May 2022, The MacArthur Foundation, partnered with the Urban Institute announced the launch of a housing stability program designed to break the links between housing instability and jail incarceration. The Just Home Project will provide
3339-450: Was a brief social encounter resulting from Charles Koch 's support of PBS programming. Altogether Burns's work has garnered several awards, including two Oscar nominations, two Grammy Awards and 15 Emmy Awards. The Civil War received more than 40 major film and television awards, including two Emmy Awards , two Grammy Awards (one for Best Traditional Folk Album ), the Producer of
3402-536: Was a columnist for the New York Daily News and a syndicated columnist. He also participated as a source in documentaries and as a guest in televised discussions. During the 2000s he was a featured commentator on Ken Burns' Jazz (2001) and Unforgivable Blackness (2005), on the life of the boxer Jack Johnson . He also published the novel Don't The Moon Look Lonesome? (2000), a collection of his reviews and writings on jazz, Considering Genius (2007), and
3465-443: Was also a fierce critic of gangsta rap music, asserting that it promotes violence, criminal lifestyles, and degrading attitudes toward women. With this viewpoint, he defended Bill Cosby 's " Pound Cake Speech " and praised a women's group at Spelman College for speaking out against rap music. With regard to rapper Tupac Shakur he wrote, "what dredged-up scum you are willing to pay for is what scum you get, on or off stage." From
3528-494: Was also executive producer of both The West (1996), and Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies (2015). Burns's documentaries have earned two Academy Award nominations (for 1981's Brooklyn Bridge and 1985's The Statue of Liberty ) and have won several Emmy Awards , among other honors. Burns was born on July 29, 1953, in Brooklyn, New York, to Lyla Smith (née Tupper) Burns, a biotechnician, and Robert Kyle Burns Jr., at
3591-491: Was borrowed from Mayes's hometown of Florence , Massachusetts. Another Hampshire College student, Buddy Squires, was invited to succeed Mayes as a founding member one year later. The trio were later joined by a fourth member, Lawrence "Larry" Hott . Hott did not actually matriculate at Hampshire, but worked on films there. Hott had begun his career as an attorney, having attended nearby Western New England Law School . Each member works independently, but releases content under
3654-481: Was found to have breast cancer when he was three, and she died when he was 11, a circumstance that he said helped shape his career; he credited his psychologist father-in-law, Gerald Stechler, with a significant insight: "He told me that my whole work was an attempt to make people long gone come back alive." Well-read as a child, he absorbed the family encyclopedia, preferring history to fiction. Upon receiving an 8 mm film movie camera for his 17th birthday, he shot
3717-428: Was its haunting, repeated violin melody, whose thin, yearning notes seemed somehow to sum up all the pathos of that great struggle." Burns often gives life to still photographs by slowly zooming out subjects of interest and panning from one subject to another. It has long been used in film production where it is known as the " rostrum camera ". This technique, possible in many professional and home software applications,
3780-466: Was named president, effective September 1, 2019. The MacArthur Fellowship is an award issued by the MacArthur Foundation each year, to typically 20 to 30 citizens or residents of the United States, of any age and working in any field, who "show exceptional merit and promise for continued and enhanced creative work". The program was initiated in 1981. According to the foundation, the fellowship
3843-443: Was narrated by David McCullough, earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary and ran on PBS in the United States. Following another documentary, The Shakers: Hands to Work, Hearts to God (1984), Burns was Oscar-nominated again for The Statue of Liberty (1985). Burns frequently collaborates with author and historian Geoffrey C. Ward , notably on documentaries such as The Civil War , Jazz , Baseball , and
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#17331322117483906-483: Was not a good drummer, saying "The problem was that I couldn't really play. Since I was doing this avant-garde stuff, I didn't have to be all that good, but I was a real knucklehead." Crouch befriended Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray , who influenced his thinking in a direction less centered on race. He stated with regard to Murray's influence, "I saw how important it is to free yourself from ideology. When you look at things solely in terms of race or class, you miss what
3969-544: Was residing in Walpole, New Hampshire. He and Julie Deborah Brown, daughter of Leslie Mundjer and the Smith Barney senior vice president Richard Brown and stepdaughter of Ellen Brown, married on October 18, 2003. Julie Deborah Brown founded Room to Grow, a non-profit providing aid to babies in poor families. They have two daughters. Burns is a descendant of Johannes de Peyster Sr. through Gerardus Clarkson, an American Revolutionary War physician from Philadelphia , and he
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