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49-452: The Stadio Leonardo Garilli is a multi-use stadium in Piacenza , Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and the home of Piacenza Calcio 1919 and from 2014 also those of Pro Piacenza 1919 . The stadium was built in 1969 and was renovated in 1993 passing from 12,000 to the current 21,668 when the former Piacenza were promoted. The Stadium used to be called 'Galleana' after

98-460: A Latin colony lost their Roman citizenship and acquired ius Latii . Latin colonies were usually larger than Roman colonies and were populated largely by Latins and other allies. With Roman expansion beyond Italy, Latin colonies were also founded outside Italy, e. g. Carteia (contemporary San Roque ), which was founded in Hispania in 171 BC and was the first Latin colony outside of Italy. In 122 BC,

147-421: A Roman-style community. In AD 123, the emperor Hadrian made a key modification to Latin rights. He introduced Latium maius ("greater Latin [rights]"), which conferred Roman citizenship on all the decurions of a town, as distinguished from Latium minus , which conferred it only on those who held a magistracy. The acquisition of ius Latii was wholly dependent on imperial gift. This beneficence could span

196-734: A general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement broke out and on 29 April, troops of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force entered the city. In 1996, president Oscar Luigi Scalfaro honoured Piacenza with the gold medal for Valour in Battle. There was a prisoner of war (POW) camp located in Piacenza, Veano Camp PG 29. Climate in this area is humid subtropical with no dry season, constantly moist. Summers are hot and sultry. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

245-530: A sheep's liver for the purposes of haruspicy was discovered in 1877 at Gossolengo just to the south of Piacenza. It bears witness to the survival of the disciplina Etrusca well after the Roman conquest. Although sacked and devastated several times, the city always recovered and by the sixth century Procopius was calling it "the principal city in the country of Aemilia". The first Bishop of Piacenza (322–357), San Vittorio, declared Saint Antoninus of Piacenza ,

294-534: A similarly named Piacentine specialty, is a kind of pasta filled with spinaches and ricotta cheese, or filled with calabash. A similar Piacentine dish is the Panzerotti al Forno, which is made with pasta, ricotta cheese, and spinach. Piacentine staple foods include corn (generally cooked as polenta ) and rice (usually cooked as risotto ), both of which are very common across northern Italy. Cheeses, such as Grana Padano , are produced in Piacenza although nearby Parma

343-480: A soldier of the Theban Legion (and not to be confused with the sixth-century Antoninus of Piacenza ), the patron saint of Piacenza and had the first basilica constructed to honor the saint in 324. The basilica was restored in 903 and rebuilt in 1101, again in 1562, and is still a church today. The remains of the bishop and the soldier-saint are in urns under the altar. The theme of Antoninus, protector of Piacenza,

392-635: Is twinned with: Latin Rights Latin rights or Latin citizenship ( Latin : ius Latii or ius latinum ) were a set of legal rights that were originally granted to the Latins and therefore in their colonies ( Latium adiectum ). Latinitas was commonly used by Roman jurists to denote this status. With the Roman expansion in Italy , many settlements and coloniae outside of Latium had Latin rights. All

441-515: Is " Cfa " ( Humid subtropical climate ). Piacenza boasts a great number of historical palaces, often characterized by splendid gardens. Many inhabitants of Piacenza and the surrounding province still use Piacentino, which is a variety of the Emilian dialect the Emilian-Romagnol language . Emilian-Romagnol is a member of a different Romance subfamily ( Gallo-Italic ) than Standard Italian (which

490-403: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Piacenza Westernmost major city of the region of Emilia-Romagna, it has strong relations with Lombardy , with which it borders, and in particular with Milan . It was defined by Leonardo da Vinci as a "Land of passage" in his Codex Atlanticus , by virtue of its crucial geographical location. This strategic location would influence

539-611: Is also at the confluence of the Trebbia , draining the northern Apennine Mountains , and the River Po , draining to the east. Piacenza hosts three universities, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Polytechnic University of Milan and University of Parma . The etymology is long-standing, deriving from the Latin "Placentia" tracing an origin from the verb placēre , "to please". The name means "pleasant" or (as James Boswell reported some of

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588-451: Is an Italo-Dalmatian language ) and its distinct grammar and phonology make it mutually unintelligible with that language. Although there have been a number of notable poets and writers using Piacentino, the language has experienced a steady decline during the twentieth century due to the growing standardization of the Italian language in the national educational system. Piacenza Calcio 1919

637-479: Is more famous for its dairy products. The hills surrounding Piacenza are known for their vineyards. The wine produced in the area is qualified with a denominazione di origine controllata called " Colli Piacentini " ("Hills of Piacenza"). The main wines are Gutturnio (red wines, both sparkling and still), Bonarda (a red wine, often sparkling and foamy, made from Croatina grapes), Ortrugo (a dry white wine), and Malvasia (a sweet white wine). Piacenza

686-548: Is remembered fondly as one of the best in the history of Piacenza. The duchess drained many lands, built several bridges across the Trebbia and the Nure and created educational and artistic activities. Austrian troops occupied Piacenza until, in 1860, a plebiscite marked the entrance of the city into the Kingdom of Sardinia . When 37,089 voters out of 37,585 voted for the annexation, Piacenza

735-514: Is the main and most supported football team and played in Serie A for eight seasons. They play at the Stadio Leonardo Garilli . The city's other club, Pro Piacenza 1919 , declared bankruptcy in 2019. Volley Piacenza is the main men's volleyball team and currently plays in serie A1; its palmares entails a championship, a national cup, a national supercup, and two European cups. River Volley

784-939: Is the main women's volleyball team and won the national championship twice. Rugby is relatively popular compared with Italian standards and Piacenza has a number of rugby teams: Piacenza Rugby Club and Rugby Lyons Piacenza are the most important. Piacenza and its province are known for the production of seasoned and salted pork products. The main specialities are pancetta (rolled seasoned pork belly, salted and spiced), coppa (seasoned pork neck, containing less fat than pancetta , matured at least for six months), and salame (chopped pork meat flavoured with spices and wine, and made into sausages ). Bortellina (salted pancakes made with flour, salt, and water or milk) and chisulén ( torta fritta in Standard Italian; made with flour, milk, and animal fats mixed together and then fried in hot strutto , or clarified pork fat) are considered

833-688: Is well known in art. Piacenza was sacked during the course of the Gothic War (535–554) . After a short period of being reconquered by the Roman emperor Justinian I , it was conquered by the Lombards , who made it a duchy seat. After its conquest by Francia in the ninth century, the city began to recover, aided by its location along the Via Francigena that later connected the Holy Roman Empire with Rome . Its population and importance grew further after

882-651: The House of Bourbon . In the eighteenth century, several edifices that belonged to noble families such as Scotti, Landi , and Fogliani were built in Piacenza. In 1802, Napoleon 's army annexed Piacenza to the French Empire. Young Piacentini recruits were sent to fight in Russia , Spain , and Germany , while the city was plundered of a great number of artworks that are currently exhibited in many French museums. The Habsburg government of Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (1816–1847),

931-767: The Latini of Italy obtained Roman citizenship as a result of three laws which were introduced during the Social War between the Romans and their allies among the Italic peoples ( socii ) which rebelled against Rome. The Lex Iulia de Civitate Latinis (et sociis) Danda of 90 BC conferred Roman citizenship on all citizens of the Latin towns and the Italic towns who had not rebelled. The Lex Plautia Papiria de Civitate Sociis Danda of 89 BC granted Roman citizenship to all federated towns in Italy south of

980-660: The Lombardy shore of the Po. The preliminaries of the Peace of Constance were signed in 1183 in the Saint Antoninus church. Agriculture and trade flourished in these centuries and Piacenza became one of the richest cities in Europe. This is reflected in the construction of many important buildings and in the general revision of the urban plan. Struggles for control were commonplace in the second half of

1029-464: The University of Pavia to the city. Piacenza then became a possession of the House of Sforza until 1499. Chiefly due to the expansion of agriculture in the countryside surrounding Piacenza, the city progressed economically and a coin from the sixteenth century (that is displayed to the right) declares that by featuring the motto: Placentia floret ("Piacenza flourishes") on one of its sides. Also in

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1078-413: The ius Latii was used more as a political instrument that aimed at integration of provincial communities via their local leadership. Latin status included the acquisition of Roman citizenship upon the holding of municipal magistracy ( ius adipiscendae civitatis per magistratum ), which presumed a trajectory of development that would carry at least the local magistrates along the path to the institution of

1127-550: The Gauls took the entire Po Valley from them. in May 218 BC, Piacenza and Cremona were founded as Roman military colonies . The Romans had planned to construct them after the successful conclusion of the latest war with the Gauls ending in 219 BC. In the spring of 218 BC, after declaring war on Carthage , the Senate decided to accelerate the foundation and gave the colonists 30 days to appear on

1176-676: The Latins) which was allied with Rome, rebelled in what has been called the Latin War . The Romans won the war and dissolved the Latin League. Many of the city-states of Latium were fully incorporated into the Roman Republic, while others were given limited rights and privileges which could be exercised in dealings with Roman citizens. These came to be known as ius Latii . The ius Latii was given to some Roman colonies which were founded around Italy in

1225-473: The Piacenza region (although also enjoyed in nearby Cremona ) is mostarda di frutta , consisting of preserved fruits in a sugary syrup that is strongly flavored with mustard. Turtlìt ( tortelli dolci in standard Italian), or fruit dumplings, are filled with mostarda di frutta , mashed chestnuts , and other ingredients, and they are served at Easter. Turtlìt are popular in the Ferrara area as well. Turtéi ,

1274-539: The River Po (in northern Italy). The Lex Pompeia de Transpadanis of 89 BC granted the ius Latii to the communities of Transpadania, a region north of the Po, which had sided with Rome during the Social War. It also granted Roman citizenship to those who became officials in their respective municipia (cities). The exact content of the ius Latii , under Roman law, varied from city to city. It could include some or all of

1323-580: The Sicilians in 44 BC. This status was later given to whole towns and regions: Vespasian granted it to the whole of Hispania and the emperor Hadrian gave it to many towns. The ius Latii or Latinitas persisted to the reign of Justinian I in the sixth century AD. Rome was one of the many Latin cities of Italy. From 340 to 338 BC the Latin League , a confederation of circa 30 towns in Latium (land of

1372-446: The area of the city in which it is situated but currently named after Leonardo Garilli  [ it ] (died on 30 December 1996), to whom the city and fans are highly grateful because of his dedication and competence showed when he was the president of the former Piacenza . 45°1′47″N 9°41′23″E  /  45.02972°N 9.68972°E  / 45.02972; 9.68972 This article about an Italian sports venue

1421-460: The bridges over the Po became vital for the supply from Austria of Field Marshal Albert Kesselring 's Gothic Line , which protected the withdrawal of Kesselring's troops from Italy. Foremost among these were the railway and road bridges at Piacenza, along with supply depots and railway yards. In Operation Mallory Major, July 12–15, allied medium bombers from Corsica flew 300 sorties a day, knocking out 21 bridges east of Piacenza and then continued to

1470-459: The city in December. There is no evidence either textual or archaeological of a prior settlement at that exact location; however, such a site would have been obliterated by construction. Piacenza was the fifty-third colony to be placed by Rome following its foundation. It was the first among the Gauls of the Po valley. It had to be supplied by boat after the Battle of Trebbia, when Hannibal controlled

1519-487: The countryside, for which purpose a port (Emporium) was constructed. In 209 BC, Hasdrubal Barca crossed the Alps and laid siege to the city, but he was unable to take it, and he withdrew. In 200 BC, the Gauls sacked and burned the city, selling the inhabitants into slavery. Subsequently, the victorious Romans restored the city and managed to recover 2,000 of its citizens. In 198 BC, a combined force of Gauls and Ligurians plundered

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1568-566: The course of that century a new city wall was erected. Piacenza, as part of the Duchy of Milan , was ruled, at alternate times, by the Sforza and by France until 1521, when, under Pope Leo X , it became part of the Papal States . From 1545, following the creation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza by Pope Paul III to his son Pier Luigi Farnese , the city was ruled by the House of Farnese . Piacenza

1617-709: The etymologists of his time to have translated it) "comely abode", and it was given as a good omen. Before its settlement by the Romans, the area was populated by other peoples; specifically, just prior to the Roman settlement, the region on the right bank of the Po River between the Trebbia River and the Taro River had been occupied by the Ananes or Anamari, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls . Before then, according to Polybius , "These plains were anciently inhabited by Etruscans " before

1666-563: The following rights: Some also had, under certain conditions, the Ius suffragii ("right to vote"); this was exercised as part of a single tribe and only if they migrated to Rome (differently from Roman citizens, who could exercise their right to vote, if they were in Rome, as part of their various tribes). Outside of Italy, the term Latinitas continued to be used for other cases. Cicero used this term in relation to Julius Caesar's grant of Latin rights to

1715-435: The fourth and third centuries BC to strengthen Roman control, as Rome expanded its hegemony over the peninsula. They were colonies which were given Latin legal status, and their settlers the ius Latii , instead of the Roman legal status of other colonies whose settlers kept Roman citizenship. Colonies of Latin status were called "Latin colonies" and those of Roman status were called "Roman colonies". Roman citizens who settled in

1764-455: The history of Piacenza significantly at several times. Piacenza integrates characteristics of the nearby Ligurian and Piedmontese territories added to a prevalent Lombard influence, favored by communications with the nearby metropolis, which attenuate its Emilian footprint. Piacenza is located at a major crossroads at the intersection of Route E35/A1 between Bologna and Milan , and Route E70/A21 between Brescia and Turin . Piacenza

1813-420: The perfect coupling of pancetta , coppa , and salame , but they are also considered good with cheeses, particularly Gorgonzola and Robiola . Pisarei e faśö is a mixture of handmade pasta and borlotti beans. This is served with a sauce made of tomato puree, extra virgin olive oil, onion, salt, and pepper. The dish typically is consumed with grated Parmigiano on top. Among the culinary specialties of

1862-468: The plebeian tribune Gaius Gracchus introduced a law which extended the ius Latii to all other residents of Italy. This reflected the increasing ties between Rome and the Italic peoples through trade and the ties between the leading families in the Italian towns and patrician families in Rome. In 44 BC, Julius Caesar granted the ius Latii to all free-born Sicilians. Following the great spate of colonial settlements under Julius Caesar and Augustus ,

1911-553: The sites to receive their lands. Each colony was to be settled by 6,000 Roman citizens, but the cities were to receive Latin Rights ; that is, they were to have the same legal status as the many colonies that had been co-founded by Rome and towns of Latium . The reaction of the region's Gauls was swift; they drove the colonists off the lands. Taking refuge in Mutina , the colonists sent for military assistance. A small force under Lucius Manlius

1960-455: The thirteenth century, similarly to the large majority of Medieval Italian communes. The Scotti family , Pallavicini family and Alberto Scoto  [ it ] (1290–1313) in that order, held power during the period. Scoto's government ended when the Visconti of Milan captured Piacenza, which they would hold until 1447. Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti rewrote Piacenza's statutes and relocated

2009-559: The war against Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor and in the subsequent battle of Legnano (1176). It also successfully fought the neighbouring communes of Cremona , Pavia , and Parma , expanding its territory. Piacenza also captured control of the trading routes with Genoa , where the first Piacentini bankers had already settled, from the Malaspina counts and the bishop of Bobbio . In the thirteenth century, despite unsuccessful wars against Frederick I, Piacenza managed to gain strongholds on

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2058-503: The west for a total of 90 by July 20. Fighter-bombers prevented reconstruction and cut roads and rail lines. By August 4, all the cities of northern Italy were isolated and had suffered heavy bombing, especially Piacenza. Transport to Genoa to the south or through Turin to the north was impossible; nevertheless, Kesselring continued to supply his men. On the hills and the Apennine Mountains, partisans were active. On April 25, 1945,

2107-557: The whole range from grants to individuals to awards made to whole towns, and could even be applied to an entire population, as when Emperor Vespasian gave the ius Latii to all of Hispania in AD 74. Although this decree could encompass whole cities, it is important to note that it did not necessarily entail the establishment of a municipium (self-governing town). Often, as in Hispania, formal municipia might have been constituted several years after

2156-512: The whole region. As the people had never recovered from being sold into slavery, in 190 BC, they complained to Senate of underpopulation; in response the Senate sent 3,000 new settlers. Construction of the Via Aemilia in the decade of the 180s made the city easily accessible from the Adriatic ports, which improved trade and the prospects for timely defense. The Liver of Piacenza , a bronze model of

2205-559: The year 1000. That period marked a gradual transfer of governing powers from the feudal lords to a new enterprising class, as well to the feudal class of the countryside. In 1095, the city was the site of the Council of Piacenza , in which the First Crusade was proclaimed. From 1126, Piacenza was a free commune and an important member of the Lombard League . In this role, it took part in

2254-745: Was declared Primogenita dell'Unità di Italia ("First-born of the Unification of Italy ") by the monarch. The Piacentini enrolled en masse in Giuseppe Garibaldi 's army for the Expedition of the Thousand . In 1858, the geologist Karl Mayer-Eymar named the Piacenzian Age of the Pliocene Epoch based on deposits close to Piacenza. In June 1865, the first railway bridge over the Po River in northern Italy

2303-482: Was inaugurated (in southern Italy a railroad bridge had been built across the river in 1839). In 1891, the first Chamber of Workers was created in Piacenza. During World War II , the city was heavily bombed by the Allies because of its strategic elements. The important railway and road bridges across the Trebbia and the Po and the railway yards were destroyed. The historic centre of city suffered collateral damage. In 1944,

2352-496: Was prevented from reaching the area. The Senate then sent two legions under Gaius Atelius. Collecting Manlius and the colonists, they descended on Piacenza and Cremona and successfully placed castra there of 480 square metres (0.12 acres) to support the building of the city. Piacenza must have been walled immediately, as the walls were in place when the Battle of the Trebia was fought around

2401-479: Was the capital city of the duchy until Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (1547–1586), moved the capital to Parma. The city underwent some of its most difficult years during the rule of Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma (1622–1646). Out of the population of 30,000 in the city between 6,000 and 13,000 Piacentini died from famine and plague. The city and its countryside were ravaged by bandits and French soldiers as well. Between 1732 and 1859, Parma and Piacenza were ruled by

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