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62-830: Notable products of Spyker were building the Golden Coach for state ceremonial use for the Dutch royalty in 1898. In 1903, the Spyker 60 HP race-car was the world's first F4 layout , four-wheel drive car, featuring the first application of a six-cylinder engine , as well as the first four-wheel braking system. The 1919 C1 “Aerocoque” was one of the world's first cars with aerodynamically streamlined bodywork. In 1880, Dutch brothers Hendrik Jan and Jacobus Spijker, blacksmiths by profession, start their company for building and maintaining carriages in Hilversum, The Netherlands. In 1898, Spyker manufactured

124-589: A Maserati Quattroporte , Porsche Panamera rival with an eight-cylinder (the E8) or a twelve-cylinder (the E12) engine but due to problems getting the D8 into production, the idea was ignored until 2009 when Muller has said he "believes now could be the time to resurrect the saloon." Muller believed it would take about four years from the time that the E8/E12 is revealed to actual production. It

186-617: A 4172 cc Audi V8 engine delivering 400 bhp (298 kW; 406 PS), acceleration 0–60 mph in 4.5 seconds and a top speed of 300 km/h (190 mph). On July 14, 2005, Spyker announced that the C8 had been approved for sale in the US market. Between 2002 and 2006, Spyker built the C8 Double 12 S, which was available from the factory with 5 different levels of performance called Stage I (400 h.p.) through Stage V (620 h.p.), depending on

248-510: A 6-speed manual Getrag or a 6-speed ZF automatic transmission. As with previous Spyker models, the car has typical aviation-inspired design elements such as NACA styled air-inlets. Driver technology has been upgraded as well compared to previous models, with the C8 Preliator gaining a heads-up display and bluetooth connectivity for phones. The Spyker C12 is a luxury sports car of which there were two variants. Spyker originally planned

310-608: A buyer. On 16 April 2012, a meeting regarding Saab's bankruptcy was held at the District Court of Vänersborg. The official receivers in charge of the Saab liquidation valued its assets and debt at US$ 500 million and US$ 2 billion, respectively, leaving it with a debt of US$ 1.5 billion. In June 2012 the company was sold to the Chinese-Swedish investment group National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS), after which Swedish Automotive N.V.

372-433: A convertible version was presented. Horsepower ranges from 400 for the original C8 Spyder to 620 for the C8 Double 12S. The most recent model, the C8 Preliator, was officially announced at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show . Only 50 vehicles will be produced. The car has a 4.2l supercharged Audi V8 producing 525 hp, resulting in a 0–100 km/h time of 3.7 seconds and a top speed of 322 km/h. The car either comes with

434-520: A man named Poorthuis, had in 1909 when he subsequently discovered a defect in the Spijker's steering mechanism which he improved. Both Spyker brand automobiles appear on Dutch postage stamps ( first day of issue : May 10, 2004). The car driven by Kenneth More in the 1953 film Genevieve , about the London to Brighton Veteran Car Run , is a 1905 Spyker 12/16-HP Double Phaeton. The green -coloured vehicle

496-477: A month. In 1922, racing driver Selwyn Edge took to Brooklands in a Spyker C4 fitted with streamlined racing bodywork, setting a new "Double 12" average world speed record, covering 1,782 miles (2,868 km) at an average speed of 120 km/h (75 mph) for the 24 hour aggregate of two 12-hour periods. Also in 1922, the company went bankrupt again and was acquired by Spyker's distributor in Britain, who renamed

558-727: A range of premium cars based on the Saab PhoeniX platform. In March 2013, the B6 Venator was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show , the B6 Venator was noted as Spyker's first concept car in nearly four years. On September 16, 2013, Spyker N.V. lost its listing on Euronext Amsterdam after failing to undergo a restructuring agreement. On November 5, 2014, the Central Netherlands District Court ordered Spyker to leave

620-484: A result, several stock issues were announced to big investors. Notably, all shares have been sold at higher prices than the market price at the moment of announcement. On November 13, 2005, Spyker Cars and Mubadala Development Company , a principal investment company wholly owned by the government of the United Arab Emirates , announced their strategic alliance, with Mubadala acquiring 17% of Spyker. Mubadala has

682-415: A seven-week hiatus. The supply of parts stopped because Saab did not pay its suppliers. Production was due to start again on August 9. On June 23, Saab announced that it was unable to pay June salaries to the entire workforce of 3,800 due to lack of funding. The trade union IF Metall gave Saab seven days to pay the salaries to their employees; otherwise, IF Metall threatened to force a liquidation of

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744-503: A single engine and four-wheel brakes . It was the first ever car built with front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout , and its engine with six cylinders was also a world's first. The 1905 cars featured a round radiator grille, which became a feature of many of the pre war cars. In 1907, an 18 hp model competed in the 15,000 km Peking to Paris monster race, finishing second in the most grueling race of its time. Hendrik-Jan Spijker died in 1907 on his return journey from England when

806-521: A small production run, but only one prototype of each car was built. In 2006, the Spyker D12 Peking-to-Paris high-performance SUV , was announced at the Geneva Motor Show . But the mass-production, which was slated for a mid-2008 production, was delayed and the V12 engine from the concept car has been changed to a Volkswagen W12 engine at around 500 bhp (373 kW; 507 PS). Its name

868-673: A special relationship with Dutch electrical pioneer, Rento Hofstede Crull . The Spijker brothers had known Hofstede Crull already when he was a young man racing on the velocipede circuits in the Netherlands and in Germany while he was an engineering student first in Mittweida and later in Hannover at the Technische Hochschule in the 1880s. Hofstede Crull had already owned his first automobile in

930-843: A strong relationship with sports cars, also controlling 5% of Ferrari . In 2007, Spyker, in collaboration with the Italian car-design firm Zagato , produced the C12 Zagato , based on the C12 La Turbie, but with more appealing bodywork, faster speeds, and the Zagato trademark roof bubbles. This is perhaps the more exclusive Spyker car to date. In November 2009, Spyker announced that it would be moving production from Zeewolde to Whitley, Coventry , where assembly would be done in partnership with CPP Manufacturing . UK production began in February 2010. Due to

992-543: A tribute from the citizens of Amsterdam . The coach was designed and built by the Spijker brothers . Because Queen Wilhelmina wished not to receive gifts on the day of her inauguration on September 6, 1898, she actually took receipt of the Golden Coach the following day. The vehicle was first used on the occasion of the marriage of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Hendrik on February 7, 1901. Since 1903 it has mainly been used once

1054-558: A two-seater car, the C1 "Aerocoque", featuring aerodynamically streamlined bodywork influenced by aircraft design, was shown for the first time. It was intended as a show car, but was also produced on a very limited scale. The car's bodywork, featuring swooping fenders and an aircraft-like tail, infused by the company's knowledge of aircraft aerodynamics, was mainly designed by Jaap Tjaarda van Sterkenburg, brother of John Tjaarda and uncle of Tom Tjaarda , both also car designers. On November 27, 1920

1116-617: A year, in The Hague, on the third Tuesday in September, Prinsjesdag , on the occasion of the Monarch's Address. In 1974 however the coach was not used for security reasons, due to the French Embassy siege . Other occasions when the carriage has been used are: At the wedding of Willem-Alexander and Máxima someone threw some white paint on the coach. He was immediately arrested, while the stuff

1178-417: Is pulled by eight horses when the reigning monarch is being carried; only six horses when other members of the royal family are travelling in the coach. Queen Wilhelmina wanted to be able to stand upright in the coach, which explains the bent form of the coach's roof. This increased height of the coach has made it more difficult to drive. Queen Wilhelmina received the Golden Coach at her 1898 investiture as

1240-531: The C12 La Turbie with a V12 engine capable of 500 horsepower and acceleration from 0–60 mph in less than 4 seconds. In September 2006, Spyker acquired the Midland F1 team , which subsequently competed in the final three races of the 2006 season as Spyker MF1. In the 2007 , the team competed as Spyker F1 using engines supplied by Ferrari . Driver Adrian Sutil was paired with Christijan Albers until

1302-567: The European Grand Prix where the latter was replaced by reserve driver Markus Winkelhock ; the team then signed Sakon Yamamoto to fill in the slot for the rest of the year. The team itself had minimal success, suffering from multiple retirements (including double retirements in Malaysia , Canada and Brazil ) before Sutil scored the team's first and only point in Japan . At the end of the season,

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1364-837: The Speech from the Throne or the wedding of the Prince of Orange or the Princess of Orange. The Golden Coach is stored at the Royal Stables on the Noordeinde Palace grounds in The Hague . The coach is made of teak wood , much of which is covered in gold leaf . It is decorated with paintings by Nicolaas van der Waay and various symbolic ornaments. The coach was built in Dutch Renaissance style. It

1426-592: The Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , refers to the discussion about the Dutch Ethical Policy that focused on a moral vocation that the Netherlands should feel towards the people in the colonies. After the Golden Coach was renovated, it was displayed in a glass box on the courtyard of the Amsterdam Museum from June until November 2021. In six surrounding halls were expositions of the history of

1488-469: The " Golden Coach ", still in use as one of the two prime ceremonial state coaches of the Dutch monarchy . In 1899 they started building automobiles , and in 1900 put their first models on display, two-cylinder 3 hp and 5 hp similar to the Benz . Four-cylinder models were introduced in 1903, along with the six-cylinder Spyker 60 HP , a racer which was the world's first ever four-wheel drive car with

1550-515: The 1890s. In the first decade, he had accumulated a collection of automobiles which included a number of the Spijker racing models. He housed the collection in one of the wings of the Heemaf , one of the companies he had founded. Although this was all a hobby for him initially, he began assembling Spijkers at Heemaf with the approval of the Spijker brothers and subsequently with that of those who had taken over Spijker. He provided them with improvements on

1612-508: The Golden Coach. There was also a study room for debate. On 13 January 2022, King Willem-Alexander announced that he would not ride in the coach until all citizens feel they are equal and given fair opportunities. Spyker Cars Spyker Cars ( / ˈ s p aɪ k ər / , Dutch pronunciation: [ˈspɛikər] ) is a Dutch sports car brand held by the holding company Spyker N.V. (formerly known as Spyker Cars N.V. and Swedish Automobile N.V. ). The modern Spyker Cars held

1674-631: The Spyker board had accepted their offer and became the new owners of the Spyker Formula One team, which was renamed as Force India Formula One Team for the 2008 season. The Spyker Squadron was the factory racing team, competing in events such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans , the Le Mans Series , occasional entries in the FIA GT Championship , and the 12 hours of Sebring . Spyker also supplied

1736-522: The Swedish monetary and security agencies had uncovered ties between the family of Vladimir Antonov—a major Spyker shareholder—and organized crime syndicates engaged in money laundering. In part due to this, GM ended negotiations with Spyker on December 18, stating that it would begin a staged wind-down of operations at Saab Automobile in January if a buyer for it couldn't be found. Spyker CEO Victor Muller revived

1798-694: The US$ 3 billion claim was heard in Detroit , Michigan before US federal Gershwin Drain, who dismissed it on the basis that "General Motors had a contractual right to approve or disapprove the proposed transaction" due to Spyker having given GM the right to veto any change of ownership in the Saab acquisition agreement. Spyker's appeal of the ruling was heard at the 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Cincinnati on October 24, 2014. Judge Eugene Siler ruled in favor of GM, stating that

1860-705: The automobiles. Heemaf's board of directors complained that Hofstede Crull was using a part of the factory as his personal garage and auto park. To circumvent the criticism, he established the Spijker Automobiel Verhuur Maatschappij which along with Amsterdam's Trompenburg Bedrijf became the first auto rental companies in the Netherlands. One of his other companies was the American Refined Motor Company , which helped improve mechanical motor parts. This all stemmed from an automobile accident that he, Hofstede Crull, and his chauffeur,

1922-495: The bankruptcy of SAAB and a falling out with business partners, the production was not moved to the UK. In late November 2009, following the collapse of Koenigsegg Group's acquisition of Saab Automobile from General Motors (GM), Spyker placed a bid of its own to acquire Saab. General Motors (GM), receptive to the offer, entered into negotiations with Spyker and conducted an extensive due diligence effort. From this, they learned that

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1984-588: The company Spyker Automobielfabriek . Production continued and prices dropped but the company continued to decline. Final production was of the C2 two-ton truck and the C4 car, which lasted until 1926 when funds finally ran out. It is estimated total Spyker car production was at most 2000 cars. In 1999, a new company, Spyker Cars , was founded, unrelated to the original company but for the brand name, motto and logo. Before Hendrik-Jan Spijker's death, he and his brother had developed

2046-456: The company bankrupt on 18 December, but reversed course on 29 January, 2015 after Spyker appealed the decision. The court granted Spyker's petition and appointed an administrator to work with the Board of Management in managing the company's affairs until the completion of its restructure. The court's ruling granted the company a moratorium of payment to protect its assets from seizure by creditors for

2108-564: The company's blocking of the sale of Saab had not been malicious, but rather based upon "legitimate business concerns" about who would benefit from Saab's use of GM technology. On August 27, 2012, Spyker announced that Youngman had acquired a 29.9% stake in the company for €10 million (US$ 12.5 million). Two joint ventures between Spyker and Youngman were announced, Spyker P2P and Spyker Phoenix, with Spyker having 25% and 20% stakes in them, respectively. Spyker P2P would develop new luxury sports utility vehicles, while Spyker Phoenix would develop

2170-661: The company. On June 29, Saab employees were paid. Swedish Automobile initially tried to secure funding in May 2011 via proposed joint ventures with Chinese automotive manufacturers Hawtai and Youngman , and the Chinese car dealership chain Pang Da. As negotiations had not progressed by September, Swedish Automobile offered to sell its Spyker Cars division to the American private equity firm North Street Capital for €32 million (US$ 41 million), but

2232-626: The customer's need for performance. Between 2003 and 2007, Spyker built the C8 Spyder T, with the Twin turbo system being developed in conjunction with Cosworth in England . These engines were capable of 525 h.p. and 0–60 mph acceleration times of 4.0 seconds. In 2005, the head designer and founder, Maarten de Bruijn , left the company, and founded Silvestris Aquamotive which builds aluminum space frame speed boats . In 2006, Spyker built

2294-428: The deal by revising the company's acquisition bid and acquiring Antonov's shares via Tenaci, another company he owned. On 26 January 2010, Spyker reached an agreement with GM to purchase Saab for US$ 394 million, comprising US$ 74 million in cash and US$ 320 million in Spyker stock, subject to regulatory and government approval. General Motors would continue to supply Saab with engines and transmissions, and would produce

2356-409: The deal with Youngman and Pang Da to prevent them from benefiting from technology Saab had licensed from it. On December 19, following a month of unsuccessful negotiations with GM, Saab Automobile filed for bankruptcy due to being unable to find another company to acquire it. Swedish Automotive attempted to prevent the liquidation of Saab by putting Spyker Cars up for sale again, but was unable to find

2418-527: The duration of the restructure. On May 13, Spyker closed a deal with the creditors—to whom it owed a combined €44 million—to pay them €12,000 each. Saab GB, the largest creditor with €24.9 million at stake, agreed to receive a payment of €61,000. A later attempt by the Latvian bank Lizings to claim more money was declined by the court. On July 29, 2015, Spyker completed its restructuring plan and resumed regular business operations. In March 2016, Spyker announced

2480-552: The factory it had been renting within seven days and pay its owner €152,000 in overdue rent. The claim was made by Jacques Walch, the owner of the factory rented by Spyker. Despite this, CEO Victor Muller insisted the company would be able to pay its bills "in a matter of days." On 2 December 2014, Spyker NV was granted a moratorium of payment (financial restructuring) by the Central Netherlands District Court. Spyker needed protection from creditors for its liquidity problems. Victor R. Muller, Spyker founder and chief executive, said "Over

2542-479: The ferry he was on, the SS Berlin , sank, and this loss led to the bankruptcy of the original company. A group of investors bought the company and restarted production, but Jacobus Spijker was no longer involved. In 1913, the company was having financial problems again, and in 1915 was taken over by new owners and renamed Nederlandsche Automobiel en Vliegtuigfabriek Trompenburg (Dutch Car and Aircraft company). Under

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2604-515: The first Spyker 30/40HP C4 was completed, sporting a 6-cylinder Maybach engine of 5,742 cc (350.4 cu in). The car was nicknamed "Tenax" (latin for "tenacious") and improved the 15,000-mile (24,000 km) long-distance endurance record, held since 1907 by the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost by some 6,000 km. The C4 completed 30,360 km in the Dutch winter weather in just over

2666-410: The impending sale of its supercar division to Greenwich, Connecticut based North Street Capital , In an attempt to save Spyker from bankruptcy, Swedish Automobile in September 2011, announced the immediate sale of Spyker to American private equity and hedge fund North Street Capital for € 32 million ( US$ 41 million), and subsequently changed its name to Swedish Automobile N.V. However, it

2728-432: The left panel, portraying Hulde der Koloniën (Tribute from the colonies). According to activists, the panel showed half-naked slaves making gestures of submission to the royal house. Historians, on the other hand, stated that the scene does not depict slaves or the royal family, nor is it a glorification of the colonies. The panel shows the relations with the colonies at that point and, according to historian Susan Legêne of

2790-461: The legal rights to the brand name. The company's motto is " Nulla tenaci invia est via ", Latin for "For the tenacious, no road is impassable". The marque's logo displays an aircraft propeller superimposed over a spoked wheel, a reference to the historic Spyker company that manufactured automobiles and aircraft. In 2010, the company acquired Swedish car manufacturer Saab Automobile from General Motors . In September 2011, Spyker announced

2852-513: The new Saab 9-4X at GM's Mexican factory. To pay the upfront acquisition cost, Spyker took out a loan from the European Investment Bank and borrowed $ US25 million from Convers Bank, owned by former investor Vladimir Antonov. On February 23, 2010, Spyker completed its acquisition of Saab Automobile and announced it would restructure to make both Spyker and Saab subsidiaries of a parent company called Swedish Automobile. The restructure

2914-463: The new owners, the previous complex model range was simplified and a new car, the 13/30 C1, introduced; sales were disappointing. In 1914, Spyker merged with Dutch Aircraft Factory N.V. and the company motto became Nulla Tenaci invia est via latin for "For the tenacious no road is impassable". During World War I, in which the Netherlands were neutral, some 100 Spyker fighter aircraft and 200 aircraft engines were produced. In 1919, after World War I,

2976-509: The past few years, Spyker has faced a number of serious difficulties and challenges resulting from, among others, the legacy of the F1 era and the acquisition of Saab Automobile AB,". On December 2, 2014, Spyker filed a voluntary petition to financially restructure ("surseance van betaling") to address short-term operational and liquidity challenges, the Dutch equivalent of Chapter 11 bankruptcy . The Central Netherlands District Court initially declared

3038-460: The production of a new model, the C8 Preliator, at the Geneva Motor Show . In January 2021, Spyker filed for bankruptcy again. The C8 Spyder was the original base model with an Audi 4.2 litre V8 engine . Since the start of its production in 2000, twelve different variants have been sold. A long-wheelbase version was presented at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show, called the C8 Aileron. A year later,

3100-541: The team which was renamed Spyker MF1 Team for the last three races of the 2006 Formula One season. As part of the deal, the cars had a revised livery for the final three races of 2006. On August 14, 2007, Spyker Cars announced that it would have to sell all or part of the team due to a potential split of the team from its parent company. On September 3, 2007, Indian billionaire Vijay Mallya (Chairman and CEO of Toyota sponsors Kingfisher Airlines ) and Dutch entrepreneur Michiel Mol (Spyker's Formula One Director), stated

3162-550: The team was sold to a consortium named "Orange India" led by Vijay Mallya and was subsequently renamed as Force India . On May 27, 2004, Spyker Cars listed on the Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange at €15.50, falling to a low of €8.28 in April 2005. The stock rebounded sharply in early 2006 to over €22 per share. Early in 2007 the stock showed a sharp decline to levels beneath €13 because of financing issues. As

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3224-638: Was announced that Swedish Automobile, the Dutch owner of Saab Automobile, agreed to sell its sports car unit to Vladimir Antonov . Antonov, a former Spyker chairman and shareholder, was expected to pay 15 million euros (US$ 21 million) for the company. However, in March 2011, the deal fell through, with Spyker's manufacturing partner CPP Manufacturing placing a bid, but this deal fell through later that month. On June 8, 2011, Saab Automobile said it had stopped production due to an insufficient supply of parts. This occurred only two weeks after resuming production following

3286-417: Was announced that the coach would undergo a major refit for the next three to four years and that the " Glass Coach " would be used where the Golden Coach would be normally used. In September 2022, following tests on a sample taken during the coach's restoration, it was confirmed that the gold used to line the coach came from Suriname . In 2011, MPs Harry van Bommel and Mariko Peters suggested removing

3348-470: Was completed on June 15, 2011 when shareholders agreed at the company's annual shareholder meeting to change its official name from Spyker Cars N.V. to Swedish Automobile N.V. By the end of 2010, however, Saab Automobile ran out of money and Spyker was unable to fund the losses. The companies stopped paying their bills in early 2011, resulting in the halting of production on March 30 due to suppliers refusing to deliver parts on credit. In February 2011, it

3410-528: Was declined. Saab Automotive submitted a debt restructuring plan that would put the company on track to have positive equity by 2014 via a process that would involve terminating 500 employees to save €100,000. The proposal was accepted by a Swedish court on October 31, 2011. On October 28, 2011, Swedish Automobile announced that it would sell Saab Automobile for €100 million (US$ 140 million) to Youngman and Pang Da, who would acquire 60 and 40 percent of Saab's shares, respectively. On November 7, GM rejected

3472-662: Was founded by Victor Muller and Maarten de Bruijn in 1999, and since 2000, Spyker has been building exclusive sports cars like the C8 Spyder and the C8 Laviolette (with its elegant glass roof). Spyker's history of producing aero engines is reflected in details in these new cars as well as in the logo. Before building the C8, de Bruijn had been building small numbers of the Spyker Silvestris , which in many ways foreshadows Spyker's later cars. The C8 Laviolette and C8 Spyder have

3534-470: Was later revealed that the transaction did not occur. On December 18, 2014, Spyker confirmed that it had gone bankrupt, hoping to restructure its finances and getting back on its feet. The bankruptcy declaration was reverted early 2015 and the company announced to continue with the production of sports cars. In 2021 it went bankrupt again. In January 2022 Spyker announced a return to building cars after being backed by Russian investors. The reborn company

3596-552: Was never produced, however. Spyker's all-time high was achieved in 2006, with 94 cars sold, about 290 cars were sold between 2000 and 2010. Spyker lost money each year since 2007. This table summarizes the key figures of Spyker Cars from 2007 to 2012. The figures originate from the Spyker Annual Report in 2011 and 2012. On September 9, 2006, Spyker bought Midland F1 Racing , a Formula One team from Canadian businessman Alex Shnaider . Spyker paid US$ 106.6 million for

3658-449: Was quickly wiped away by a footman. On Prinsjesdag in 2010 a man threw a tea light holder against the Golden Coach, causing minor scratches to the paintwork. Convicted of insulting the Queen, damaging the Golden Coach, and assaulting the coach's footmen, the man — who was found to be mentally incapable, excluding jail time — was sentenced to a year in a psychiatric clinic. In September 2015, it

3720-479: Was renamed Spyker N.V. On August 6, 2012, Spyker announced that it would sue GM over the Saab bankruptcy, with CEO Muller stating, "Ever since we were forced to file for Saab Automobile's bankruptcy in December of last year, we have worked relentlessly on the preparation for this lawsuit which seeks to compensate Spyker and Saab for the massive damages we have incurred as a result of GM's unlawful actions." In June 2013,

3782-417: Was repainted yellow twice, first for the movie and again for the 2023 Run to commemorate the 70th anniversary of its cinematic release. Golden Coach (Netherlands) The Golden Coach ( Dutch : Gouden Koets ) is a coach owned and used by the Dutch royal family . The Golden Coach was used every year to carry the Dutch monarch from the Noordeinde Palace to the Ridderzaal in order to deliver

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3844-478: Was then changed to the D8. Spyker hoped that the assistance of Saab , which they owned at the time, would help the D8 reach production. According to Muller in April 2011, the D8 should have started production in early 2013, with a price tag of £ 186,000. However, in March 2013, production was scheduled for 2016, with a production prototype due by 2014. Eventually, plans to produce the model were discontinued. Spyker shareholders and CEO, Victor Muller hinted at

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