84-496: Spirit AeroSystems Holdings, Inc. is an American manufacturer of aerostructures for commercial airplanes, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas . The company produces fuselage sections for Boeing 's 737 and 787 aircraft, as well as the flight deck sections for a majority of Boeing airliners. Spirit also supplies Airbus with fuselage sections and front wing spars for the A350 and wings for
168-474: A Competitive Industrial Performance (CIP) Index, which measures the competitive manufacturing ability of different nations. The CIP Index combines a nation's gross manufacturing output with other factors like high-tech capability and the nation's impact on the world economy. Germany topped the 2020 CIP Index, followed by China, South Korea , the United States, and Japan. In 2023, the manufacturing industry in
252-904: A community and spiritual center for many Buddhists in and around Subang Jaya. One of the memorable achievements of the Association is the successful building of the present Vihara (Temple) in 1997 on a 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) land obtained from the Selangor Government. The Vihara has been well utilized over these years. Presently, there are three large mixed commercial projects under development in Subang Jaya which are SJCC Subang, SJ7 Trans-City and Tropicana Metropark. SJCC Subang and SJ7 Trans-City are two large mixed developments by Sime Darby that are set to be integrated with highly advanced public transportation. Da Men and Empire Remix are located in USJ 1. Da Men
336-461: A door plug (a structure installed to replace an optional emergency exit door) on the Boeing 737 MAX 9 aircraft, which was not bolted in place due to a manufacturing error, blew out. After months of talks, Boeing agreed to buy back Spirit AeroSystems in an all-stock transaction, worth $ 4.7 billion in equity value and $ 8.3 billion in enterprise value when including the assumption of Spirit's debt. As part of
420-587: A metric focused on by CEO Harry Stonecipher , who had come from McDonnell Douglas . The Wichita plant was originally founded as Stearman Aircraft in 1927 before being acquired by the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation (UATC) in 1929. Following the breakup of UATC in 1934, the plant was retained by Boeing and became the Wichita division of the Boeing Airplane Company in 1941. The Wichita division
504-533: A midair emergency when a door plug blew out causing an uncontrolled decompression of the aircraft. The fuselage and door plug are manufactured and initially assembled by Spirit AeroSystems, then shipped by train for final assembly at the Boeing Renton Factory . Manufacturing Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor , machines , tools , and chemical or biological processing or formulation . It
588-567: A result, they make only a reactive contribution. Emerging technologies have offered new growth methods in advanced manufacturing employment opportunities, for example in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing provides important material support for national infrastructure and also for national defense . On the other hand, most manufacturing processes may involve significant social and environmental costs. The clean-up costs of hazardous waste , for example, may outweigh
672-478: A shopping mall. It is situated near the upscale neighbourhoods of USJ Heights and Subang Heights, and is strategically located off the Federal Highway. A new access from Federal Highway will be completed by 2016 to improve the traffic flow around the area. On top of that, Bandar Raya Developments Bhd (BRDB) is developing an RM2 billion 24 acres of integrated mixed development around the same area. Subang Jaya
756-448: A stone tool, a " core " of hard stone with specific flaking properties (such as flint ) was struck with a hammerstone . This flaking produced sharp edges that could be used as tools, primarily in the form of choppers or scrapers . These tools greatly aided the early humans in their hunter-gatherer lifestyle to form other tools out of softer materials such as bone and wood. The Middle Paleolithic , approximately 300,000 years ago, saw
840-709: Is First Baptist Church in SS17. Kingdom Life Church International, a non-denominational New Testament church, is located in Jalan USJ Sentral 2, USJ 1 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints : With a strong congregation in Subang Jaya. Acts Church is also another Non-denominational church located in Summit USJ . The church was founded by Pr. Kenneth Chin in the year 2000. Subang Jaya Buddhist Association (SJBA) commenced its activities in August 1989 and SJBA eventually became
924-590: Is Tropicana Metropark which contains a 9.2 acres (3.7 ha) central park with features like a human-made lake with a bio-filtration system to prevent mosquito breeding, a pedestrian promenade and a food-and-beverage strip for alfresco indulgence. The MBSJ Stadium in USJ 5 comprises a large football turf and an athletic running field. Hypermedia library, petting zoo and art gallery can be found at Kompleks 3C MPSJ in SS13. There are many indoor soccer centres, squash, tennis and badminton courts in Subang Jaya. Golf clubs include
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#17328549974371008-617: Is a city in Petaling District , Selangor , Malaysia . It comprises the southern third district of Petaling . It consists of the neighbourhoods from SS12 to SS19, UEP Subang Jaya (USJ), Putra Heights , Batu Tiga as well as PJS7, PJS9 and PJS11 of Bandar Sunway , the latter of which are partially jurisdictional within Petaling Jaya under the MBPJ . The city is governed by Subang Jaya City Council (MBSJ), which also governs other areas of
1092-540: Is a mixed commercial development sprawling over 8.6 acres (3.5 ha) of prime land comprising two blocks of serviced apartments, retail lots and a 6-story shopping podium. On the other hand, Empire Remix is also a mixed commercial development which consists of a few blocks of office buildings, serviced apartments and a shopping mall. Tropicana Metropark is an 88.5 acres (35.8 ha) development comprising more than 10 high-rise buildings which include office suites, SOHO, office towers, business suites, villas, shopfronts and
1176-660: Is a prominent Hindu temple located at Bandar Sunway and is dedicated to Subramaniar (Lord Murugan) Darul Ehsan Mosque in SS15 is the main worshipping place of Muslims in Subang Jaya. There are other alternative mosques in the city in USJ 1, USJ 9 and USJ 17. The Church of St Thomas More, Subang Jaya (STM), is a Roman Catholic parish, located in UEP Industrial Park, USJ . The Church was officially dedicated and opened on Sunday, 10 April 2011, by Most Rev. Murphy Pakiam, Archbishop of Kuala Lumpur. The other main church of Subang Jaya
1260-502: Is believed to have originated when the technology of pottery kiln allowed sufficiently high temperatures. The concentration of various elements such as arsenic increase with depth in copper ore deposits and smelting of these ores yields arsenical bronze , which can be sufficiently work-hardened to be suitable for manufacturing tools. Bronze is an alloy of copper with tin; the latter of which being found in relatively few deposits globally delayed true tin bronze becoming widespread. During
1344-484: Is conventionally defined by the widespread manufacturing of weapons and tools using iron and steel rather than bronze. Iron smelting is more difficult than tin and copper smelting because smelted iron requires hot-working and can be melted only in specially designed furnaces. The place and time for the discovery of iron smelting is not known, partly because of the difficulty of distinguishing metal extracted from nickel-containing ores from hot-worked meteoritic iron. During
1428-592: Is likely derived from the Middle French manufacture ("process of making") which itself originates from the Classical Latin manū ("hand") and Middle French facture ("making"). Alternatively, the English word may have been independently formed from the earlier English manufacture ("made by human hands") and fracture . Its earliest usage in the English language was recorded in the mid-16th century to refer to
1512-542: Is represented by Michelle Ng Mei Sze from the Pakatan Harapan - Democratic Action Party (DAP). As of 2020 , Subang Jaya was populated by 902,086 residents, making it Malaysia's fourth most populous city. Subang Jaya which is its core city consists of major towns like Puchong, Seri Kembangan and Seri Serdang. Most of the population are Chinese followed by Malays, Indians and others. Subang Parade , Empire Subang , Sunway Pyramid , Aeon Big Subang and SS15 Courtyard are
1596-671: Is served by an urban-suburb rail link, the KTM Komuter, which provides transportation towards Port Klang and Kuala Lumpur . The Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport is located at Subang , Shah Alam . It serves as the main hub for turboprop airlines Firefly (a low-cost carrier subsidiary of Malaysia Airlines), Malindo Air and Berjaya Air and is the premier hub for corporate and private aviation in Southeast Asia. The City has 2 public library which are located at Persiaran Puteri 1, Bandar Puteri, Puchong and Kompleks 3C, Jln PJS 11/2. There
1680-645: Is the Subang Ria Park, situated nearby the Sime Darby Medical Centre in SS12. During its heyday in the 1990s, the park was a boating place with tennis court, paintball and go-karting arenas. As of 2015, it was a park mainly used for jogging activities, with a deterioration in the condition of other resources in the park after a number of years of neglect. Recently in 2023, Subang Ria Park has been upgraded with better facilities. For an urban park experience, there
1764-513: Is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy . The term may refer to a range of human activity , from handicraft to high-tech , but it is most commonly applied to industrial design , in which raw materials from the primary sector are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products (such as aircraft, household appliances , furniture, sports equipment or automobiles ), or distributed via
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#17328549974371848-600: Is well-connected to the cities of Kuala Lumpur , Shah Alam and the townships of Petaling Jaya such as Ara Damansara , Kota Damansara , Bandar Utama , Damansara Utama and Mutiara Damansara via a network of major highways, namely the Federal Highway , Shah Alam Expressway (KESAS), NKVE , NPE , North South Expressway and LDP . There are three exits connecting Federal Highway to Subang Jaya. The two main exits are at exit 17.9 km through Persiaran Kewajipan and exit 18.2 km through Persiaran Tujuan , while
1932-512: The 9th Malaysian Plan , Subang Jaya has its first public health clinic called the 1 Malaysia Healthcare located in Taman Subang Mewah area of USJ 1. Its primary objective is to provide cheaper healthcare for lower to middle-income population. The Hindu Temple Sri Varatharajah Perumal Temple and Gurdwara Sahib Subang are located in SS13, near the intersection between Kesas Highway and Persiaran Kewajipan . Kuil Sri Subramaniar Bandar Sunway
2016-558: The A220 . Spirit's primary competitors in the aerostructures market include Collins Aerospace , Kawasaki Heavy Industries , Leonardo , and Triumph Group . Spirit AeroSystems was established in 2005 when Boeing spun-off its Wichita division to an investment firm. Boeing entered into an agreement to re-acquire Spirit in July 2024 for $ 4.7 billion. Airbus will assume control of Spirit's European operations, which have faced financial challenges. Spirit
2100-493: The Bronze Age , bronze was a major improvement over stone as a material for making tools, both because of its mechanical properties like strength and ductility and because it could be cast in molds to make intricately shaped objects. Bronze significantly advanced shipbuilding technology with better tools and bronze nails, which replaced the old method of attaching boards of the hull with cord woven through drilled holes. The Iron Age
2184-685: The Subang Airport expressway (route 15) of Federal Highway Federal Route 2 . Subang Jaya's public transport system is highly developed, boasting 2 light rail transit (LRT) lines, 1 KTM commuter line, 1 BRT line, bus and taxi services. Since 30 June 2016, many new LRT stations of the extended Kelana Jaya Line have opened, connecting various areas in Subang Jaya with Kuala Lumpur city centre and Petaling Jaya . The LRT stations are strategically located within walking distance from shopping malls, commercial centres and residential areas and supported by feeder buses. The Kelana Jaya Line had been extended from
2268-802: The United States and the United Kingdom —including the fuselages of the Sikorsky CH-53 K heavy-lift helicopter. It also produces or adapts various other defense-related aerospace products for other manufacturers. In December 2023, an employee of Spirit AeroSystems filled out a class action in federal court against the company, alleging that former employees repeatedly warned about safety problems and were told to cover up systematic quality control failures, undercount defects, records falsification and retaliation against employees raising safety concerns. On January 5, 2024, Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 experienced
2352-585: The manufacture of the Boeing 737 fuselage , and other components. As well as the nose and forward-cabin sections of most Boeing jetliners. The Boeing sub-assemblies are mostly built at Spirit's former Boeing-Wichita factory complex, near its headquarters in Wichita, Kansas . Spirit also manufactures major fuselage and/or wing sub-assemblies for current Airbus jetliners, mostly in its Tulsa, Oklahoma factory. Spirit also manufactures parts and sub-assemblies for various other aircraft manufacturers at various sites in
2436-510: The tertiary industry to end users and consumers (usually through wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers, who then sell them to individual customers). Manufacturing engineering is the field of engineering that designs and optimizes the manufacturing process , or the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final product . The manufacturing process begins with the product design , and materials specification . These materials are then modified through manufacturing to become
2520-422: The 1830s. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power , the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system . The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth. Textiles were the dominant industry of
2604-475: The 1890s after the introduction of the practical DC motor and the AC motor , was fastest between 1900 and 1930. This was aided by the establishment of electric utilities with central stations and the lowering of electricity prices from 1914 to 1917. Electric motors allowed more flexibility in manufacturing and required less maintenance than line shafts and belts. Many factories witnessed a 30% increase in output owing to
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2688-527: The 8th century. Papermaking technology was spread to Europe by the Umayyad conquest of Hispania . A paper mill was established in Sicily in the 12th century. In Europe the fiber to make pulp for making paper was obtained from linen and cotton rags. Lynn Townsend White Jr. credited the spinning wheel with increasing the supply of rags, which led to cheap paper, which was a factor in the development of printing. Due to
2772-635: The CEO of General Electric , called for the United States to increase its manufacturing base employment to 20% of the workforce, commenting that the U.S. has outsourced too much in some areas and can no longer rely on the financial sector and consumer spending to drive demand. Further, while U.S. manufacturing performs well compared to the rest of the U.S. economy, research shows that it performs poorly compared to manufacturing in other high-wage countries. A total of 3.2 million – one in six U.S. manufacturing jobs – have disappeared between 2000 and 2007. In
2856-739: The Centre of Excellence; Lotus Cars, Faber-Castell and many other major international companies are located in Sime UEP Industrial Park. Subang Jaya is the site of many large international private colleges and universities. It also consists of over 30 primary and secondary schools including local, private and international. Healthcare in Subang Jaya is provided by two private hospitals. They are Sime Darby Medical Centre Subang Jaya, (formerly known as Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC)) in SS12 along with Sunway Medical Centre in Bandar Sunway . Under
2940-545: The Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. Rapid industrialization first began in Britain, starting with mechanized spinning in the 1780s, with high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurring after 1800. Mechanized textile production spread from Great Britain to continental Europe and
3024-600: The Mediterranean basin. Early construction techniques used by the Ancient Egyptians made use of bricks composed mainly of clay, sand, silt, and other minerals. The Middle Ages witnessed new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth. Papermaking , a 2nd-century Chinese technology, was carried to the Middle East when a group of Chinese papermakers were captured in
3108-508: The Petaling district, such as Puchong and Seri Kembangan . According to Subang Jaya City Council , Subang Jaya has a population of 968,930 in 2020, which makes it the sixth largest city in Malaysia by population . Before 1974, what is today Subang Jaya was part of Klang District . Development on Subang Jaya began on 21 February 1976 and was concluded in 1988 by Sime UEP Properties Berhad ,
3192-612: The Puchong constituency. In December 2019, it was officially announced that Subang Jaya's municipality will be upgraded to a city council after a long 5-year wait since MPSJ's application in 2014. Since 2013, the Dewan Rakyat parliamentary constituency of Subang (P104, formerly as Kelana Jaya) is represented by Wong Chen of the Pakatan Harapan - People's Justice Party (PKR) while the Selangor State Assembly seat of Subang Jaya
3276-561: The Subang Racquet and Golf Club, Subang National Golf Club Glenmarie Golf & Country Club and Saujana Golf and Country Club. Subang Jaya is renowned as a light industrial hub in the Klang Valley. The main industrial areas in the city are Subang Industrial Park SS13, Sime UEP Industrial Park, Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park and USJ 1 through USJ 8, involving in both light and heavy industry. The Malaysia headquarters of Proton Holdings ,
3360-647: The Tulsa factory. Over time North American and Douglas would both become part of Boeing, which took control of both Oklahoma factories in 1996. Operationally, they were wrapped into the Wichita division. However, Boeing long expressed interest in selling the Oklahoma factories. When they were spun-off to Spirit, again talks were held about selling the Oklahoma plants. However, nothing came of these talks. In 2020, Spirit announced it would close its McAlester plant, moving work to Tulsa and Wichita. Under Onex ownership, Spirit's mandate
3444-616: The UK, EEF the manufacturers organisation has led calls for the UK economy to be rebalanced to rely less on financial services and has actively promoted the manufacturing agenda. According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), China is the top manufacturer worldwide by 2023 output, producing 28.7% of the total global manufacturing output, followed by the United States of America , Germany , Japan , and India . UNIDO also publishes
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3528-541: The United States accounted for 10.70% of the total national output, employing 8.41% of the workforce. The total value of manufacturing output reached $ 2.5 trillion. In 2023, Germany's manufacturing output reached $ 844.93 billion, marking a 12.25% increase from 2022. The sector employed approximately 5.5 million people, accounting for around 20.8% of the workforce. These are the top 50 countries by total value of manufacturing output in U.S. dollars for its noted year according to World Bank : Subang Jaya Subang Jaya
3612-518: The United States in the early 19th century, with important centres of textiles, iron and coal emerging in Belgium and the United States and later textiles in France. An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanized spinning and weaving, slowed down and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in
3696-705: The acquisition completing a year later in October 2020. The deal gives Spirit a bigger place in Airbus' supply chain as the Belfast plant produces the wings for the Airbus A220 , while the Casablanca factory produces the mid-fuselage for the A220. In February 2020, Spirit acquired Fiber Materials Inc., a company which specializes in making high-temperature materials and composites, primarily for
3780-596: The alternative exit is through Persiaran Teknologi Subang at Tropicana Metropark's direct interchange. Persiaran Kewajipan and Persiaran Tujuan serve as the two major roads in Subang Jaya. The alternative route from USJ and Subang Jaya to Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya is the Subang–Kelana Jaya Link , which also connects the Persiaran Kewajipan roundabout of the New Pantai Expressway towards
3864-510: The area as well. In USJ , there are shopping malls such as Da Men, Main Place, One City, The Summit, The 19 USJ City Mall, Giant USJ and Mydin USJ to provide more shopping options. The main commercial hub of the USJ township is USJ Taipan which is a bustling business area. There are many small-scale commercial areas scattering around the neighbourhoods of USJ to provide amenities and conveniences as well. The largest recreation park in Subang Jaya
3948-445: The benefits of a product that creates it. Hazardous materials may expose workers to health risks. These costs are now well known and there is effort to address them by improving efficiency , reducing waste, using industrial symbiosis , and eliminating harmful chemicals. The negative costs of manufacturing can also be addressed legally. Developed countries regulate manufacturing activity with labor laws and environmental laws. Across
4032-800: The business. In 2009, Spirit opened a plant in Subang , Malaysia out of a need for expansion and to take pressure off the Prestwick facility. Spirit opened a composites manufacturing facility in Kinston, North Carolina on July 1, 2010, to build sections of the Airbus A350 . Those sections are then sent to another Spirit plant in Saint-Nazaire , France, where they are partially assembled before being sent on to Airbus in Toulouse for final assembly. During this time, Spirit also won
4116-512: The casting of cannon, the blast furnace came into widespread use in France in the mid 15th century. The blast furnace had been used in China since the 4th century BC. The stocking frame , which was invented in 1598, increased a knitter's number of knots per minute from 100 to 1000. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States from 1760 to
4200-568: The concept of "focus", with an implication that a business cannot perform at the highest level along all five dimensions and must therefore select one or two competitive priorities. This view led to the theory of "trade offs" in manufacturing strategy. Similarly, Elizabeth Haas wrote in 1987 about the delivery of value in manufacturing for customers in terms of "lower prices, greater service responsiveness or higher quality". The theory of "trade offs" has subsequently being debated and questioned, but Skinner wrote in 1992 that at that time "enthusiasm for
4284-451: The concepts of 'manufacturing strategy' [had] been higher", noting that in academic papers , executive courses and case studies , levels of interest were "bursting out all over". Manufacturing writer Terry Hill has commented that manufacturing is often seen as a less "strategic" business activity than functions such as marketing and finance , and that manufacturing managers have "come late" to business strategy-making discussions, where, as
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#17328549974374368-512: The contract to win the contract to build the wings for the Gulfstream G280 and G650 . Onex sold its final shares of Spirit in 2014 and at that time it has made $ 3.2 billion on its ownership of the company. On October 31, 2019, Spirit acquired Bombardier Aviation 's aerostructures activities and aftermarket services operations in Belfast (a former Short Brothers plant) and Casablanca , with
4452-548: The course of the nine-year investment, the Onex Group received aggregate proceeds of approximately $ 3.2 billion on its initial $ 375 million investment. Spirit's principal products are metal and composite structural sub-assemblies ("aerostructures") for Boeing , Airbus , and Bombardier airliners , as well as business aircraft (and their military variants). It also provides various other aerospace products and services. Spirit's initial and continuing role has primarily been
4536-909: The deal, Airbus agreed to take over Spirit's unprofitable European operations, receiving $ 559 million in compensation from Spirit. The deal is expected to close in mid-2025, pending regulatory approval. As part of the deal, Boeing will take ownership of the Wichita and Tulsa plants it previously operated, along with the MRO facility in Dallas. Airbus will take over the facilities in Casablanca, Kinston and St. Nazaire, along with A220 production assets in Belfast. Spirit also plans to divest its operations Subang and Prestwick, along with Fiber Materials, and non-Airbus operations in Belfast. In 2010, 96% of Spirit's revenue came from its two largest customers: 85% of sales were from Boeing, 11% from Airbus. After planning to take Spirit public, at initial public offering on November 21, 2006,
4620-678: The defense and space industry, operating out of facilities in Biddeford, Maine and Woonsocket, Rhode Island . In July 2021, the company purchased Applied Aerodynamics, an aerostructures maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facility in Dallas . After years of losses and quality control problems at Spirit, Boeing started talks to re-acquire Spirit AeroSystems in March 2024. At the time, both Boeing and Spirit faced intense scrutiny after an uncontrolled decompression on Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 , that occurred when
4704-399: The desired product. Contemporary manufacturing encompasses all intermediary stages involved in producing and integrating components of a product. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers, use the term fabrication instead. The manufacturing sector is closely connected with the engineering and industrial design industries. The Modern English word manufacture
4788-666: The existing route from the Subang LRT Depot, running through the Dana 1 commercial centre in Kelana Jaya , to Kelana Centre Point, then to Subang Parade (interchange with KTM Subang Jaya commuter station) which covers three stations within the town centre. Within USJ, the LRT line continues from SS18 to USJ 7 (Da Men and Summit), USJ Taipan, Wawasan (USJ 15), USJ 21 (One City and Main Place), and ends at
4872-558: The firm's stock rose 10% on the first day. In November 2006, Onex owned 58% of Spirit, which resulted in 92% of voting power , as its shares conferred "supervoting" power. The chief architect of the Onex purchase of Spirit was Nigel S. Wright , who was later Chief of Staff for the Canadian Prime Minister until his resignation as part of an expense scandal . In August 2014 the Onex Group sold all of its remaining shares of Spirit. Over
4956-481: The globe, manufacturers can be subject to regulations and pollution taxes to offset the environmental costs of manufacturing activities . Labor unions and craft guilds have played a historic role in the negotiation of worker rights and wages. Environment laws and labor protections that are available in developed nations may not be available in the third world . Tort law and product liability impose additional costs on manufacturing. These are significant dynamics in
5040-494: The growth of the ancient civilizations, many ancient technologies resulted from advances in manufacturing. Several of the six classic simple machines were invented in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamians have been credited with the invention of the wheel. The wheel and axle mechanism first appeared with the potter's wheel , invented in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the 5th millennium BC. Egyptian paper made from papyrus , as well as pottery , were mass-produced and exported throughout
5124-451: The increasing shift to electric motors. Electrification enabled modern mass production, and the biggest impact of early mass production was in the manufacturing of everyday items, such as at the Ball Brothers Glass Manufacturing Company , which electrified its mason jar plant in Muncie, Indiana , U.S. around 1900. The new automated process used glass blowing machines to replace 210 craftsman glass blowers and helpers. A small electric truck
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#17328549974375208-407: The industry in the United States and other countries. According to a "traditional" view of manufacturing strategy, there are five key dimensions along which the performance of manufacturing can be assessed: cost, quality , dependability , flexibility and innovation . In regard to manufacturing performance, Wickham Skinner , who has been called "the father of manufacturing strategy ", adopted
5292-679: The introduction of the prepared-core technique , where multiple blades could be rapidly formed from a single core stone. Pressure flaking , in which a wood, bone, or antler punch could be used to shape a stone very finely was developed during the Upper Paleolithic , beginning approximately 40,000 years ago. During the Neolithic period, polished stone tools were manufactured from a variety of hard rocks such as flint , jade , jadeite , and greenstone . The polished axes were used alongside other stone tools including projectiles , knives, and scrapers, as well as tools manufactured from organic materials such as wood, bone, and antler. Copper smelting
5376-405: The large-scale manufacture of machine tools and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories. Building on improvements in vacuum pumps and materials research, incandescent light bulbs became practical for general use in the late 1870s. This invention had a profound effect on the workplace because factories could now have second and third shift workers. Shoe production
5460-446: The main interchange station hub in Putra Heights , which connects with another LRT line, the Sri Petaling Line to Puchong , Bukit Jalil and Sri Petaling . In addition, six MRT Putrajaya line stations are located in southern part of Subang Jaya City Council area serving Seri Kembangan and Serdang. On the other hand, public bus transportation is provided by two companies, RapidKL and Metrobus . These buses provide access around
5544-540: The main shopping attractions around the areas of the Subang Jaya city centre. In the adjacent township of Bandar Sunway , there is Sunway Lagoon , an amusement water theme park which is a tourist landmark across the nation. The commercial district of SS15 serves as Subang Jaya's central entertainment and business area. Within the area, there is also an abundance of international F&B outlets, cafes, dining restaurants, boutique outlets and banks. There are plenty of high-rise office buildings and serviced residences surrounding
5628-464: The making of products by hand. Human ancestors manufactured objects using stone and other tools long before the emergence of Homo sapiens about 200,000 years ago. The earliest methods of stone tool making, known as the Oldowan " industry ", date back to at least 2.3 million years ago, with the earliest direct evidence of tool usage found in Ethiopia within the Great Rift Valley , dating back to 2.5 million years ago. To manufacture
5712-565: The market towards end customers . This relative cost reduction towards the market, is how manufacturing firms secure their profit margins . Manufacturing has unique health and safety challenges and has been recognized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues. Surveys and analyses of trends and issues in manufacturing and investment around
5796-423: The ongoing process, occurring over the last few decades, of manufacture-based industries relocating operations to "developing-world" economies where the costs of production are significantly lower than in "developed-world" economies. From a financial perspective, the goal of the manufacturing industry is mainly to achieve cost benefits per unit produced, which in turn leads to cost reductions in product prices for
5880-404: The parliamentary constituency of Puchong and Subang in its entirety, as well as parts of Kota Raja which mainly cover Putra Heights. On the west side of Subang Jaya, Batu Tiga covers areas like Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Taman Mutiara Subang, Taman Subang Mas and Tropicana Metropark. Subang Jaya city itself lies within the Subang constituency, while Seri Kembangan and Puchong fall within
5964-545: The period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, hot blast iron smelting and new technologies, such as the electrical telegraph , were widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution . These innovations included new steel making processes , mass-production , assembly lines , electrical grid systems,
6048-517: The production flow and some had special carriages for rolling heavy items into machining positions. Production of the Ford Model T used 32,000 machine tools. Lean manufacturing , also known as just-in-time manufacturing, was developed in Japan in the 1930s. It is a production method aimed primarily at reducing times within the production system as well as response times from suppliers and to customers. It
6132-487: The property development arm of the Malaysian conglomerate Sime Darby . The site was formerly a rubber plantation called Seafield Estate under the municipality of Petaling Jaya . Upon completion of Subang Jaya in the same year, Sime UEP began clearing land for the development of USJ . In 1999, Sime UEP began the development of Putra Heights which is located on the southern end of Subang Jaya. In 1997, Subang Jaya received
6216-685: The status of a municipality, elevating the Petaling District Council to Subang Jaya Municipal Council. The municipal comprise the areas administered by the former Petaling District Council, as well as some areas transferred from Petaling Jaya , Puchong and Shah Alam . This means that the MPSJ municipal holds local government authority not only in the Subang Jaya city centre, but also USJ , Putra Heights , Batu Tiga , Bandar Sunway , Puchong , Bandar Kinrara , Seri Kembangan , and Balakong . In parliamentary terms, Subang Jaya's municipal area covers
6300-437: The then-well-known technique of chain or sequential production. Ford also bought or designed and built special purpose machine tools and fixtures such as multiple spindle drill presses that could drill every hole on one side of an engine block in one operation and a multiple head milling machine that could simultaneously machine 15 engine blocks held on a single fixture. All of these machine tools were arranged systematically in
6384-723: The town and also to Kuala Lumpur. Alternatively, there is a BRT line connecting the Setia Jaya Komuter station through Bandar Sunway to the USJ7 LRT Station . The BRT Sunway Line started operating on 1 June 2015, when it was officially launched by Malaysia prime minister, Najib Razak . The BRT service is a public-private partnership project between Prasarana and Sunway Group which aims to provide eco-friendly electric bus services on elevated tracks for residents in Bandar Sunway and USJ. As for commuter train services, Subang Jaya
6468-585: The war ended, Douglas mothballed the plant until 1953 when it reopened to assemble the B-47 StratoJet and the B-66 Destroyer . North American Aviation moved into about a third of the facility in 1962. The Tulsa plant builds wings and components for Boeing aircraft. The McAlester factory opened in 1964 as North American Aviation facility, supported the company's Apollo capsule and B-1B Bomber projects, primarily focusing on machining operations in support of
6552-431: The world focus on such things as: In addition to general overviews, researchers have examined the features and factors affecting particular key aspects of manufacturing development. They have compared production and investment in a range of Western and non-Western countries and presented case studies of growth and performance in important individual industries and market-economic sectors. On June 26, 2009, Jeff Immelt ,
6636-833: Was introduced in Australia in the 1950s by the British Motor Corporation (Australia) at its Victoria Park plant in Sydney, from where the idea later migrated to Toyota. News spread to western countries from Japan in 1977 in two English-language articles: one referred to the methodology as the "Ohno system", after Taiichi Ohno , who was instrumental in its development within Toyota. The other article, by Toyota authors in an international journal, provided additional details. Finally, those and other publicity were translated into implementations, beginning in 1980 and then quickly multiplying throughout
6720-476: Was mechanized during the mid 19th century. Mass production of sewing machines and agricultural machinery such as reapers occurred in the mid to late 19th century. The mass production of bicycles started in the 1880s. Steam-powered factories became widespread, although the conversion from water power to steam occurred in England earlier than in the U.S. Electrification of factories, which had begun gradually in
6804-483: Was now used to handle 150 dozen bottles at a time whereas previously used hand trucks could only carry 6 dozen bottles at a time. Electric mixers replaced men with shovels handling sand and other ingredients that were fed into the glass furnace. An electric overhead crane replaced 36 day laborers for moving heavy loads across the factory. Mass production was popularized in the late 1910s and 1920s by Henry Ford 's Ford Motor Company , which introduced electric motors to
6888-590: Was originally formed as Mid-Western Aircraft Systems when Boeing sold its Wichita factory along with facilities in Tulsa and McAlester to the investment firm Onex Corporation in June 2005 for US$ 900 million in cash and the assumption of $ 300 million in debt, a total of $ 1.2 billion in enterprise value. The company was renamed Spirit AeroSystems a few months later. The sale was part of a larger effort of Boeing to divest itself of assets, in pursuit of increased return on net assets ,
6972-480: Was responsible for the construction of several models of strategic bomber aircraft including the B-29 Superfortress , B-47 Stratojet , and B-52 Stratofortress . The Wichita factory primarily builds fuselage sections, including 70% of the structure for the Boeing 737 . The Tulsa plant was originally opened as a Douglas Aircraft Company facility to build bombers and other aircraft during World War II. When
7056-443: Was to build a portfolio of business with customers other than Boeing. In January 31, 2006, BAE Systems announced it had agreed to sell its aerostructures business, based at Glasgow Prestwick Airport and Samlesbury Aerodrome , to Spirit. The unit is a major supplier to Airbus (80%), Boeing (15%) and Raytheon (5%). The transaction was completed on April 1, 2006. Spirit paid £80,000,000 (equivalent to £150,877,479 in 2023) for
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