47-576: Southold may refer: Southold, New York , a town located in Suffolk County, New York, USA Southold (CDP), New York , a census-designated place and hamlet in the town of Southold, New York, USA Former name of Southolt , Suffolk, England Southold (LIRR station) , a station along the Main Line (Greenport Branch) of the Long Island Rail Road. It
94-474: A female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.90. In Southold town the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
141-518: A few hundred self-identified Pequot descendants. Pequot is an Algonquian word whose meaning is disputed among language specialists. Considerable scholarship on the Pequot claims that the name came from Pequttôog , meaning "the destroyers" or "the men of the swamp". Frank Speck was a leading specialist of the Mohegan-Pequot language in the early twentieth century, and he believed that another term
188-464: A grudge against Connecticut. New Haven had hidden three of the judges who sentenced his father King Charles I to death in 1649. The town called as its second minister Rev. Joshua Hobart, a Harvard graduate from Hingham, Massachusetts , and son of Rev. Peter Hobart. The latter was the founding minister of Old Ship Church , the nation's oldest church in continuous use. Rev. Joshua Hobart was installed in 1674 and served until his death in 1717, when he
235-466: A reservation called "Lantern Hill." The Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation is recognized by the state of Connecticut . The 800+ Mashantucket Pequot or Western Pequot gained federal recognition in 1983 and have a reservation in Ledyard . The Poospatuck Reservation on Long Island is also home to a few hundred self-identified Pequot descendants. Nearly all individuals who are identified as Pequot live in
282-602: A reservation. The Mashantucket Pequot Tribe received federal recognition in 1983 through a settlement of a land claim. In 1986, they founded the Foxwoods Resort Casino on their land. Located in proximity to the New York City metropolitan area , it has become one of the country's most successful Native American casinos . The Pawcatuck River Pequot formed the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation , which
329-540: A respectable wine industry. In November 1994, the village of Greenport voted to abolish its police department and contract with the Southold Town Police for law enforcement. The town is at the northeastern end of Long Island , New York on a peninsula called the North Fork and its extensions Plum Island , and Fishers Island . The Long Island Sound separates the town from Connecticut . The eastern end of
376-420: A rich community of musicians. Local music venue and restaurant, The Green Hill Kitchen, has seen performances from modern jazz greats such as Tommy Campbell (musician) , Gil Goldstein , Alex Sipiagin , and Morris Goldberg . Pequot 1637: 3,000 (est.) 1910: 66 1972: 21 The Pequot ( / ˈ p iː k w ɒ t / ) are a Native American people of Connecticut . The modern Pequot are members of
423-717: A single group, but the Mohegan split off in the 17th century as the Pequot came to control much of Connecticut. Simmering tensions with the New England Colonies led to the Pequot War of 1634–1638, which some historians consider to be a genocide under modern day terms, which dramatically reduced the population and influence of the Pequot; many members were killed, enslaved, or dispersed. Small numbers of Pequots remain in Connecticut, receiving reservations at Mashantucket in 1666 and at
470-523: Is located on Youngs Avenue and Traveler Street, just north of NY 25 (Main Road) in Southold, New York, and is the last LIRR station to be located north of NY 25 Southold High School Southold Historic District , a national historic district located at the hamlet of Southold in Suffolk County, New York Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
517-568: Is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York , United States. It is located in the northeastern tip of the county, on the North Fork of Long Island . The population was 23,732 at the 2020 census. The town contains a hamlet , also named Southold , which was settled in 1640. Algonquian-speaking tribes , related to those in New England across Long Island Sound, lived in eastern Long Island before European colonization. The western portion of
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#1732856181663564-531: Is recognized by Connecticut but is not federally recognized. Additionally, Pequot descendants are enrolled in the federally recognized Mohegan Tribe , as well as the Schaghticoke Tribal Nation and Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation of Connecticut, and the Brothertown Indians of Wisconsin, which also have degrees of state recognition. The Poospatuck Reservation on Long Island is home to
611-475: The Connecticut Colony , or Connecticut River Colony, was established in 1636. The Puritans established New Haven Colony separately in 1638, even though it was largely surrounded by Connecticut Colony. New Haven Colony was a theocracy, governed only by church members. English Puritans from New Haven Colony settled in Southold on October 21, 1640. They had purchased the land in the summer of 1640 from
658-645: The Long Island Rail Road extended its line on the North Shore to Greenport. This enabled summer vacationers to travel to the destination by train. Due to the light on the North Fork from water on both sides, the area attracted many artists, including William Merritt Chase . The area was agricultural, and long dominated by for potato farming. In the late 20th century, large areas of the North Fork were redeveloped as vineyards. This area of Long Island has developed
705-598: The Mashantucket Pequot Reservation where many members of the tribe continue to live. The Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation was recognized in 2002. Since the 1930s, both Pequot tribes had serious tension over racial issues, with some people claiming that darker-skinned descendants should not be considered fully Pequot. Two groups of Eastern Pequots filed petitions for recognition with the BIA, and they agreed to unite to achieve recognition. The state immediately challenged
752-568: The Narragansett tribes sided with the colonists. Around 1,500 Pequot warriors were killed in battles or hunted down, and others were captured and distributed as slaves or household servants. A few escaped to join the Mohawk and the Niantic tribes on Long Island . Eventually, some returned to their traditional lands, where family groups of friendly Pequots had stayed. Of those enslaved, most were awarded to
799-636: The Pawcatuck River in 1683; others lived in different areas and with other tribes. In the 18th century, some Christian Pequot joined members of several other groups to form the Brothertown Indians in western New Hampshire . They relocated to western New York in the 19th century, where they were allowed land by the Oneida people of the Iroquois League , and later to Wisconsin, where they were granted
846-481: The poverty line , including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over. Southold Town, along with the rest of the East End , has a very rich cultural history. A handful of world-renowned artists have lived in the town including; Douglas Moore , Robert Berks , and Walt Whitman . Throughout the town there's countless art galleries and studios ranging all mediums of artistic expression. The town also has
893-720: The 1970s and 1980s, especially the Mashantucket Pequot tribe which opened a casino in the same timeframe, and tribal chairman Richard A. Hayward encouraged them to return to their tribal homeland. He worked for Federal recognition and economic development. In 1976, the Pequots filed suit with the assistance of the Native American Rights Fund (NARF) and the Indian Rights Association against landowners and residents of North Stonington to get their land, which
940-445: The 21st century, the Mashantucket Pequot are undertaking aggressive efforts to revive the language. They are conducting careful analysis of historical documents containing Pequot words and comparing them to extant closely related languages. So far, they have reclaimed more than 1,000 words, though that is a small fraction of what would be necessary for a functional language. The Mashantucket Pequots have begun offering language classes with
987-525: The Goldsmith Inlet and Beach, Pipes Cove Creek and Moores Drain, the Dumpling Islands and Flat Hammock. As of the census of 2000, there were 20,599 people, 8,461 households, and 5,804 families residing in the town. The population density was 383.5 inhabitants per square mile (148.1/km ). There were 13,769 housing units at an average density of 256.3 per square mile (99.0/km ). The racial makeup of
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#17328561816631034-513: The Mashantucket Pequot tribe, enabling them to buy the land covered in the Settlement Act and place it in trust with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) for reservation use. In 1986, they opened a bingo operation, followed by the first phase of Foxwoods Resort Casino in 1992. Revenue from the casino has enabled the development and construction of a cultural museum which opened on August 11, 1998, on
1081-568: The Native Americans of the eastern coast of New England, but it did not reach the Pequot, Niantic, and Narragansett tribes. In 1633, the Dutch established a trading post called the House of Good Hope at Hartford . They executed the principal Pequot sachem Tatobem because of a violation of an agreement. After the Pequot paid the Dutch a large ransom, they returned Tatobem's body to his people. His successor
1128-546: The North Fork, became important in trade, fishing, and whaling , because it rarely froze over. Settlers developed the interior land for agricultural purposes. Both New Haven Colony and Connecticut Colony had sought to establish Southold as a theocracy . The New Haven Colony did not permit other churches to operate at all, while the Connecticut Colony allowed freedom of religion. New Haven supervised Southold until 1662, when New Haven towns began shifting their allegiance to
1175-485: The Pequot had already attained a position of political, military, and economic dominance in central and eastern Connecticut. They occupied the coastal area between the Niantic tribe of the Niantic River of Connecticut and the Narragansett in western Rhode Island . The Pequot numbered some 16,000 persons in the most densely inhabited portion of southern New England. The smallpox epidemic of 1616–1619 killed many of
1222-643: The Pequot had invaded the region sometime before the establishment of Plymouth Colony , rather than originating in the region. In the aftermath of King Philip's War , Hubbard detailed in his Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians in New-England the ferocity with which some of New England 's tribes responded to the English. Hubbard described the Pequot as "foreigners" to the region; not invaders from another shore, but "from
1269-480: The Pequot received at the hands of the colonists was remembered almost two centuries later by other Native American tribes such as some groups of Shawnees . It was commonly thought that they had disappeared entirely due to violence against Native Americans provoked by American colonists, although this was not true. The 1910 census numbered the Pequot population at 66, and they reached their lowest number several decades later. Pequot numbers grew significantly during
1316-564: The Pequots claimed had been illegally sold in 1856 by the State of Connecticut, and they settled after seven years. The Connecticut Legislature passed legislation to petition the federal government to grant tribal recognition to the Mashantucket Pequots, and the "Mashantucket Pequot Indian Land Claims Settlement Act" was enacted by Congress and signed by President Ronald Reagan on October 18, 1983. This settlement granted federal recognition to
1363-668: The Town of Southold. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 404.1 square miles (1,047 km ), of which 53.8 square miles (139 km ) is land and 350.3 square miles (907 km ) (86.69%) is water. The town has approximately 163 linear miles of coastline. Significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats within the Town of Southold, include: the Mattituck Inlet Wetlands and Beaches, Fishers Island Beaches, Pine Islands and Shallows,
1410-646: The allied tribes, but many were also sold as slaves in Bermuda. The Mohegans treated their Pequot captives so severely that officials of Connecticut Colony eventually removed them. Connecticut established two reservations for the Pequots in 1683: the Eastern Pequot Reservation in North Stonington, Connecticut and the Western Pequots (or Mashantucket Pequot Reservation) in Ledyard . The poor treatment
1457-586: The decision, and the Department of the Interior revoked their recognition in 2005. That same year, it revoked recognition for the Schaghticoke tribe who had gained recognition in 2004. The Connecticut state government and Congressional delegation opposed the BIA's recognition because residents were worried that the newly recognized tribes would establish gaming casinos. The 1130-member Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation has
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1504-484: The families of Barnabas Horton, John Budd, John Conklin, John Swazy, William Wells, John Tuthill, and Matthias Corwin. In 1650, the Treaty of Hartford established a boundary between Dutch and English claims roughly through Oyster Bay on the North Shore. The Dutch colony was the western part of Long Island, and the English dominated the east. The population of Southold at that point was about 180. The harbor at Greenport , on
1551-466: The federally recognized Mashantucket Pequot Tribe , four other state-recognized groups in Connecticut including the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation , or the Brothertown Indians of Wisconsin . They historically spoke Pequot, a dialect of the Mohegan-Pequot language , which became extinct by the early 20th century. Some tribal members are undertaking revival efforts. The Pequot and the Mohegan were formerly
1598-583: The group of Indians related to the Pequot of New England, who lived in the territory they called Corchaug (now Cutchogue ). Settlers spelled the Indian name of what became Southold as Yennicott . In most histories Southold is reported as the first English settlement on Long Island in the future New York State . Under the leadership of the Reverend John Youngs , with Peter Hallock, the settlement consisted of
1645-506: The interior of the continent" who "by force seized upon one of the goodliest places near the sea, and became a Terror to all their Neighbors." Much of the archaeological, linguistic, and documentary evidence now available demonstrates that the Pequot were not invaders to the Connecticut River Valley but were indigenous in that area for thousands of years. By the time of the founding of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies,
1692-678: The island was inhabited by bands of Lenape , whose language was also one of the Algonquian languages . In surrounding areas, the Dutch colonists had established early settlements to the northwest: on the upper Hudson River was Fort Orange , founded in 1615 (later renamed Albany by the English); and New Amsterdam (later renamed Manhattan ) in 1625. Lion Gardiner established a manor on Gardiners Island in East Hampton in 1639. Just across from Long Island,
1739-547: The matter by arms, and the colonists of the towns repelled them, with assistance from Connecticut. When New York was retaken by the English in 1674, these eastern towns preferred to stay part of Connecticut. Although Connecticut agreed, the government of James, Duke of York forced the matter for them to be part of the Province of New York. Governor Sir Edmund Andros threatened to eliminate the residents' rights to land if they did not yield, which they did by 1676. The Duke of York had
1786-631: The peninsula, near Orient Point , is north of the Town of Shelter Island , but the town is separated from the South Fork of Long Island by the Great Peconic Bay and the Little Peconic Bay. The western end of the town is the border of the Town of Riverhead . It is twenty-one miles from Orient Point to the border with Riverhead. Robins Island , a protected open space in Great Peconic Bay, is also part of
1833-520: The surrounding Connecticut Colony. By 1664, New Haven colonists all had decided to join Connecticut, and the New Haven colony ceased to exist. Southold was supervised by the Connecticut Colony until 1674. When the Dutch took control of the colony of New York in 1673, the English-settled eastern towns, including Southold, East Hampton, and Southampton, refused to submit; the Dutch attempted to force
1880-513: The title Southold . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southold&oldid=776960739 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Southold, New York The Town of Southold
1927-412: The town was 93.53% White , 2.91% Black or African American , 0.07% Native American , 0.45% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 1.51% from other races , and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.77% of the population. There were 8,461 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 8.5% had
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1974-515: The two above-named communities. Historically, the Pequots spoke a dialect of the Mohegan-Pequot language , an Eastern Algonquian language . The Treaty of Hartford concluded the Pequot War in 1637, when the colonists made speaking the language a capital offense. Within a generation or so, it became largely extinct. Pequot from both the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation and the Mashantucket Pequot now speak English as their first language. In
2021-406: Was Sassacus . In 1633, an epidemic devastated all of the region's tribes, and historians estimate that the Pequot suffered the loss of 80 percent of their population. At the outbreak of the Pequot War , Pequot survivors may have numbered only about 3,000. Members of the Pequot tribe killed a resident of Connecticut Colony in 1636, John Oldham , and war erupted as a result. The Mohegan and
2068-407: Was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $ 49,898, and the median income for a family was $ 61,108. Males had a median income of $ 46,334 versus $ 31,440 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 27,619. About 4.1% of families and 5.8% of the population were below
2115-484: Was 88 years old. Rev. Hobart's brother Josiah was one of the earliest settlers and initial trustees of East Hampton, Long Island , as well as High Sheriff of Suffolk County. The name Southold is believed to be an elision of Southwold , a coastal town in the corresponding English county of Suffolk . John Youngs, the minister who was one of the founders of the Town, was born and brought up in Southwold, England. Youngs
2162-460: Was a member of St. Margaret's Church in nearby Reydon . Within the Town's limits is an area known as Reydon Shores , perhaps a reference to the Reydon, England known by Youngs. The Town's name also may refer to a "holding" to the south [of New Haven]), from whence the original settlers hailed. In the meantime, the population of Southold grew from 180 in 1650 to 880 by 1698. In the late 19th century,
2209-482: Was more plausible, meaning "the shallowness of a body of water", given that the Pequot territory was along the coast of Long Island Sound . Historians have debated whether the Pequot migrated about 1500 from the upper Hudson River Valley toward central and eastern Connecticut . The theory of Pequot migration to the Connecticut River Valley can be traced to Rev. William Hubbard, who claimed in 1677 that
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