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47-715: (Redirected from Southern Serbia ) South Serbia of Southern Serbia may refer to: For the southern regions of modern Serbia see Southern Serbia (geographical region) South Serbia (1919–22) , former province, encompassing regions of Raška, Kosovo, Metohija and Vardar Macedonia Vardar Banovina , former province (1929–1941), encompassing Vardar Macedonia and southeastern modern Serbia Southern and Eastern Serbia , statistical region of Serbia See also [ edit ] Serbia (disambiguation) East Serbia (disambiguation) North Serbia (disambiguation) West Serbia (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

94-567: A Russian general, concentrated at the Southern fortress of Aleksinac . It consisted of three Serbian divisions and a variety of volunteer formations totaling about 45,000 men. In the northeast, Milojko Lešjanin based at Zaječar commanded an infantry division (6,000) with cavalry support and the Bulgarian Legion (2,000). In the west there were two weak divisions (3,500 each), one in the southwest at Užice commanded by František Zach and one in

141-571: A new Serbian defensive line was created at Djunis. Following this string of setbacks and defeats, Serbia petitioned the European powers to mediate a diplomatic solution to the war. A joint ultimatum from the European powers forced the Ottoman Empire into accepting a one-month truce with Serbia, during which peace negotiations were held. The Ottoman Empire's peace conditions were deemed by the European powers as too harsh, however, and were rejected. When

188-553: A variety of mostly bronze guns almost all inferior to the Ottoman Krupps . There were very few cavalry squadrons reflecting the nature of the terrain and those which existed were poorly equipped. At that time Serbia was accepting all volunteers; there were many volunteers from different countries, including Russians, Bulgarians, Italian followers of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Prussian officers, and also Englishmen, Frenchmen, Greeks, Romanians and Poles. The biggest detachments were those of

235-464: A victory on the heights above Đunis . During the second conflict, between 13 December 1877 and 5 February 1878, Serbian troops regrouped with help from Imperial Russia , who fought their own Russo-Turkish War . The Serbs formed five corps and attacked Ottoman troops to the south, taking the cities of Niš , Pirot , Leskovac and Vranje one after another. The war coincided with the Bulgarian uprising ,

282-463: A warning. The structure became known as Skull Tower ( Serbian : Ćele Kula ). After Serbia gained autonomy within the borders of the Belgrade pashaluk , the aspiration of Serbs from the south to join the motherland increased. This led to Niš conspiracy in 1821 and Niš rebellion in 1841. From 1846 to 1864 modern Southern Serbia was a part of Ottoman Niš Eyalet . Most notable Governor of Niš Eyalet

329-736: Is Niš with 4,678 Euros GDP per capita. This makes it the 271st city in Europe by GDP per capita. Southern Serbia is considered as one of the poorest regions in Serbia. Furthermore, highest salaries are in Niš city municipality of Medijana and city of Pirot. Trgovište has lowest salary in Serbia. After experiencing rapid growth and industrialisation during Southern Serbia is known for its tobacco industry. Tobacco factories are located in Niš ( Philip Morris International ), Vranje and Bujanovac . The company Philip Morris won

376-497: Is defined by a common history and culture . Today, Southern Serbia is a region in the south of the Republic of Serbia, and over time, the term has changed its meaning. During the first half of the 20th century, the term was used to denote the area of Vardar Macedonia , Kosovo , Metohija and the Raška regions (so called Old Serbia ). In the period from 1919 to 1922, this area formed

423-492: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Southern Serbia (geographical region) Southern Serbia is not an official subdivision of Serbia, nor are its borders precisely defined. The region is characterized by the South Morava river, which flows almost entirely through Southern Serbia and which has historically connected the peoples who lived in its basin. The region

470-566: Is vulnerable. Burek is considered a traditional breakfast especially in Niš. The first burek in Niš was made in 1498 by the Turkish baker Mehmet Oğlu. Traditionally, Serbian barbeque from Leskovac and Niš is considered the best in Serbia. Southern Serbia is home to about 1,000,000 people. However, it is heavily affected by depopulation. Only Niš and Albanian majority municipalities of Preševo and Bujanovac saw population growth between 2002 and 2011. Municipalities east of South Morava river are in

517-452: The Goljak mountain and passes through the city of Leskovac. Jablanica District is named after Jablanica river. Toplica meets with South Morava near Doljevac, some 8 km southwest of Niš. Toplica originates on the slopes of Kopaonik mountain. It passes through the city of Prokuplje. District of Toplica is named after this river. River of Pčinja is a left tributary of Vardar . It is one of

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564-828: The Montenegrin–Ottoman War and the Russo-Turkish War , which together are known as the Great Eastern Crisis of the Ottoman Empire. In 1875, a revolt of Serbs broke out in Herzegovina , a province of the Ottoman Empire , which soon spread to other regions of the Vilayet of Bosnia , and in the spring of 1876 an uprising of Christian population also broke out in Bulgaria . Although the Ottoman Empire quickly suppressed

611-533: The Serbian–Turkish Wars or Serbian Wars for Independence ( Српски ратови за независност, Srpski ratovi za nezavisnost ), were two consequent wars (1876–1877 and 1877–1878), fought between the Principality of Serbia and the Ottoman Empire . In conjunction with the Principality of Montenegro , Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 30 June 1876. By the intervention of major European powers, ceasefire

658-635: The "Society for the bringing up and protection of children", in the Kasina Hotel on Terazije Square, in 1879. In this facility the first vocational school in Serbia was established. During and after the Serbian–Ottoman War of 1876–1878, between 49,000 and 130,000 Albanians were expelled by the Serbian army from the former Sanjak of Niș to the Turkish Vilayet of Kosovo and Macedonia. As

705-761: The "Top Employer" award, which for the fifth time in a row took the position of one of the best employers in Serbia and the world. In 2020 biggest exporters in Southern Serbia were Tigar Tyres from Pirot, Philip Morris International from Niš and Leoni AG from Prokuplje. Important corridors pass through Southern Serbia such as Pan-European Corridor X , that connects Europe with Middle East and Central Europe with Greece . Branches C and D meet in Niš. Branch C goes by Niš, Bela Palanka, Pirot and Dimitrovgrad, while Branch D goes by Niš, Doljevac, Leskovac, Vranje, Bujanovac and Preševo. International railways also follow this route. Serbia's second busiest airport, Constantine

752-549: The Great Airport , is located in Niš. Construction of highway between Niš and Priština , also known as Highway of Peace , started in December 2021. Serbian%E2%80%93Turkish Wars (1876%E2%80%931878) Serbian victory Eastern front Southern front Second Serbian–Ottoman War The Serbian–Ottoman Wars ( Serbian : Српско-османски ратови , romanized :  Srpsko-osmanski ratovi ), also known as

799-607: The Ottoman Empire in 1877. The second phase, known as the Second Serbian–Ottoman War ( Други српско-турски рат / Drugi srpsko-turski rat ), took place between 13 December 1877 and 5 February 1878. It ended with a Serbian victory. By early 1878, the Royal Serbian Army had captured most of the South Morava basin, reaching as far as Preševo and Vitina . On 31 January they took Vranje . Final outcome of wars

846-549: The Ottoman commander he stretched them thinly across both sides of the Morava river and into the mountains. Consequently, when contact was made between the two forces, the Serbian troops were overwhelmed by massed Ottoman firepower. A bayonet charge shortly followed and routed the Serbian troops from the field. Thanks to Abdul Kerim's indecisiveness and the arrival of Horvatović's fresh forces,

893-631: The Roman Empire into halves which they would rule as co-emperors. Emperor Justinian I was born near Leskovac, where he later founded Justiniana Prima . During the First Serbian Uprising in 1809, Serbian revolutionaries attempted to liberate Niš in the Battle of Čegar . After the defeat of the Serbian forces, the Ottoman commander of Niš ordered the heads of the slain Serbs mounted on a tower to serve as

940-631: The Russians and Bulgarians. During the war of 1876–1877, on the initiative of Garibaldi, a detachment was created consisting of several hundreds of Italian volunteers. Russian volunteer detachments formally independent of the Russian state stood up in defense of Serbia. The biggest number of Russian volunteers fought in the Timok-Morava Army, their number reaching around 2,200, out of which there were 650 officers and 300 medical personnel. The main Ottoman army

987-575: The Serbian position. General Ranko Alimpić crossed the Drina in July 1876 but was unsuccessful in capturing Bijeljina . The Ottoman commander Abdul Kerim decided against marching over the difficult mountain terrain between the Timok and Morava rivers and instead concentrated 40,000 troops at Niš and advanced up the easier country of the Morava valley towards Aleksinac . Chernyayev had less than 30,000 men, and unlike

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1034-480: The anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo (15 June 1389 Julian). The initial Serbian military plan was to defend Niš and attack Sofia with the main army under Chernyayev. Other armies would simultaneously launch diversionary attacks, but these were repulsed in the west. In the north-east, general Milojko Lešjanin was defeated near Kior after failing to hold the Ottoman advance over the Timok river. Although he withdrew to

1081-508: The aorist and the imperfect, loss of infinitive as in Bulgarian and Macedonian, frequent stress on the final syllable in polysyllabic words, etc. Serbian authors Stevan Sremac and Borisav Stanković wrote several works in Torlakian dialect. Today, Torlakian dialect is preserved in its original form in rural parts of Southern Serbia. According to UNESCO 's list of endangered languages, Torlakian

1128-732: The beginning of the Insurgency in the Preševo Valley . The conflict between Albanian guerilla force and Serbian security forces lasted until 2001 and ended with Albanian defeat. Southern Serbia consists of many subregions. Their names often came from names of the rivers. Most notable subregions are: Main river in Southern Serbia is South Morava . It passes through various gorges and valleys in Southern Serbia: Končulj gorge – Vranje valley – Grdelica gorge – Leskovac valley – Niš valley – Aleksinac valley – Stalać gorge. After breaking through

1175-510: The command of Hosni Rashid Pasha (Egyptian Army) and Dervish Pasha and Mehmed Ali . Substantial numbers of Redif troops were called up for this war mostly armed with former British Sniders . The superior Peabody–Martini was becoming more widely available and was certainly used by the Egyptian troops. Krupp breechloaders are most frequently mentioned although there must have been significant numbers of bronze guns. Ottoman troops performed well during

1222-527: The fortress at Saicar, the Ottoman army captured it on 7 August 1876 Gregorian (26 July 1876 Julian). The Serbian army's main advance in the south appeared to initially meet with success when it moved quickly down the Nišava valley and captured the important heights at Babina Glava, north of Pirot . They were forced to withdraw, however, when the Ottomans responded by sending two columns under Suleiman and Hafiz to flank

1269-517: The last, Stalać gorge, it meets the West Morava. Most important right tributary is Nišava . It flows through Niš and suburb of Niška Banja , Bela Palanka, Pirot and Dimitrovgrad. It is also the longest tributary of South Morava. City of Niš and Nišava District are named after the river of Nišava. Most notable feature of Nišava is Sićevo Gorge . Of the left tributaries of South Morava, most important are Jablanica and Toplica . Jablanica originates from

1316-687: The most difficult situation. Best example is Municipality of Crna Trava that had around 13,500 residents in 1948 and now has around 1,500 residents. Depopulation is also present in municipalities of Dimitrovgrad and Bosilegrad , where Bulgarians form majority. Majority of Albanians boycotted the 2011 census. It is estimated that there are some 50,000 Albanians in Southern Serbia. 1948−2011 2002−2011 ( Nišavski okrug ) [REDACTED] ( Jablanički okrug ) [REDACTED] ( Pčinjski okrug ) [REDACTED] ( Pirotski okrug ) [REDACTED] ( Toplički okrug ) [REDACTED] Financial and economical center of Southern Serbia

1363-679: The northwest at Šabac commanded by Ranko Alimpić . The main rifle was the Peabody M.1870 which had a performance similar to the M1867 Russian Krnka . Whilst the Peabody was the best weapon available to Serbian troops many had to make do with the erratic M.1867 Serbian Green conversion and other breechloaders , and even muzzleloaders (about 39,000 Russian musket model 1845/63 and 7,000 Belgian rifle model 1849/56 ). Officers were armed with Francotte Revolver m/1871 . Artillery batteries contained

1410-681: The province of Southern Serbia within the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes . In the same period, there was the province of Northern Serbia, which together with the South formed the province of Serbia. After the territorial reorganization, after the Second World War , this term was not actively used, since the People's Republic of Macedonia and the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija were formed in

1457-492: The rare rivers in Serbia that belongs to the Aegean Sea drainage basin. Southern Serbia was exposed to various historical influences over the history. Inhabitants of Southern Serbia speak Torlakian dialect of Serbo-Croatian language. Majority of Serbian linguists call it Prizren-Timok dialect . It differs from the standard Serbian language in that it has three grammatical cases instead of seven, as well as full retention of

South Serbia - Misplaced Pages Continue

1504-590: The rest of the region became part of Serbia under the control of Government of National Salvation . The Jablanički okrug region was the scene of fierce fighting between the occupying forces and the Yugoslav Partisans . Southern Pomoravlje was liberated by Partisan, Soviet and Bulgaria forces in 1944. During communist rule in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , Southern Serbia went through extensive industrialization. In 1960, Niš University

1551-594: The revolt in Bulgaria, the fighting in Herzegovina and Bosnia continued to drag on. In the same time, political instability in Turkish capital culminated on 30 May (1876) when sultan Abdülaziz was deposed and replaced with Murad V . Taking advantage of the opportunity, the two semi-independent principalities of Serbia and Montenegro opted for independence and declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 18 June 1876. The main Serbian army under Commander-in-Chief Mikhail Chernyayev ,

1598-430: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Serbia&oldid=1239759241 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1645-450: The situation becoming dire and Serbian forces about to collapse, Russia mobilized its army and threatened to declare war on the Ottoman Empire if they did not sign a truce with Serbia and renew the peace negotiations within forty-eight hours. These negotiations lasted until 15 January 1877 and effectively ended the fighting between Serbia and the Ottoman Empire until Serbia, having gained financial backing from Russia, again declared war against

1692-478: The then larger part of Southern Serbia, while the remaining part began to be called Southern Serbia, Southern Central Serbia or Southeastern Serbia. Today, it consists of the following districts: Nišava, Jablanica, Toplica, Pirot and Pčinja. Modern day Southern Serbia changed its name throughout history. Majority of the region was liberated during Serbian–Turkish Wars in 1878 and was referred to as New Serbia or New Territories. River of South Morava runs though

1739-447: The troops of the Ottoman Empire. The offensive objectives the Serbian army sought to accomplish were overly ambitious for such a force, and they suffered a number of defeats that resulted from poor planning and chronically being spread too thin. This allowed Ottoman forces to repel the initial attacks of the Serbian army and drive them back. During the autumn of 1876, the Ottoman Empire continued their successful offensive which culminated in

1786-484: The truce expired, the war continued and the new Serbian commander, Horvatović, attacked the Ottoman positions along a broad front from Djunis to Aleksinac on 28 September 1876, but the Ottoman troops repulsed the attacks. The Ottoman forces reorganized and regrouped, and on 19 October 1876 the army of Adyl Pasha launched a surprise attack on the Serbian right which forced the Serbians back to Deligrad. On 31 October 1876, with

1833-504: The war albeit badly officered and inadequately supplied. The first phase, known as the First Serbian–Ottoman War ( Први српско-турски рат / Prvi srpsko-turski rat ), took place between 30 June 1876 Gregorian (18 June 1876 Julian) and 28 February 1877 Gregorian (16 February 1877 Julian). The Serbian government declared war on the Ottoman Empire on the symbolic Vidovdan (15 June 1876 Julian = 28 June 1876 Gregorian),

1880-442: The whole territory of Southern Serbia from Ražanj to Bujanovac . The river cuts the region in the middle into two parts. The basin of South Morava occupies approximately the same territory as the region of commonly considered to be Southern Serbia. Therefore, Southern Serbia is sometimes referred to as Southern Pomoravlje . During pre-Roman era, region of Southern Pomoravlje was part of Kingdom of Dardania . However, Dardania

1927-474: Was Midhat Pasha , who later became Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire . Region of Southern Pomoravlje was finally liberated by Serbian forces during Serbian–Turkish Wars in 1878. The Austro-Hungarian telegram on the declaration of war on Serbia was received by Prime Minister Nikola Pašić in Niš on 28 July 1914. This marked the official start of World War I . Niš was capital of Serbia from 1914 to 1915. In February 1917, Toplica Uprising broke out. The revolt

South Serbia - Misplaced Pages Continue

1974-478: Was based at Sofia under Abdul Kerim with 50,000 men plus irregulars ( bashi-bazouk ) and Circassians . There was a garrison at the border fortress of Niš commanded by Mehmed Ali with 8,000 men. At Vidin , Osman Nuri had 23,000 men. In the west, in the Sanjak of Bosnia , there were small garrisons at Bijeljina and Zvornik with a larger force (12,000 mostly Egyptians) organized in three infantry regiments under

2021-469: Was concluded in autumn, and the Constantinople Conference was organized. Peace was signed on 28 February 1877 on the basis of status quo ante bellum . After a brief period of formal peace, Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 11 December 1877. Renewed hostilities lasted until February 1878. At the beginning of the conflict, the Serbian army was poorly trained and ill-equipped, unlike

2068-564: Was conquered by Roman Empire during Bellum Dardanicum in the first century AD. Region became part of Moesia Superior , and later Dardania . Several Roman Emperors were born in Niš(then Naissus), most notably Constantine the Great - first Christian Roman Emperor and founder of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul ). In 364 AD, the imperial Villa Mediana 3 km (2 mi) was the site where emperors Valentinian and Valens met and divided

2115-578: Was decided by the Congress of Berlin (1878). Serbia gained international recognition as an independent state, and its territory was expanded. Many children were orphaned as a result of the Serbo-Turkish Wars. The situation in Serbia was very serious, described by some as "children in huge groups reaching towns". At that time Serbia had underdeveloped social care system. Being aware of all that, 50 most prominent citizens of Belgrade decided to establish

2162-485: Was eventually suppressed by Bulgarian forces. Southern Serbia was liberated together with the rest of the country in 1918. Dimitrovgrad and Bosilegrad became part of newly founded Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes according to the treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine . After the partition of Yugoslavia in World War II , municipalities of Vranje, Surdulica, Bosilegrad, Dimitrovgrad and Trgovište were annexed by Bulgaria , while

2209-525: Was founded. Today, Niš University has 11 faculties in Niš and a single faculty in Leskovac and Vranje. Academy of Vocational Studies of Southern Serbia was founded in 2019 in Leskovac. After the end of Kosovo War , demilitarized buffer zone was established 5 km within the territory of Central Serbia . In this zone, in the municipalities of Preševo and Bujanovac , the so-called Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac began to operate. This marked

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