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76-714: The Regency as originally created included all the southern island groups within Maluku (province) from Wetar Island in the west to the Aru Islands in the east. On 4 October 1999 the western part of this regency was split off to create the West Southeast Maluku Regency (which has subsequently been divided between the Southwest Maluku Regency and the Tanimbar Islands Regency ). On 18 December 2003

152-400: A height of more than 1000 meters above sea level, Lake Rana is estimated at around 700–750 meters above sea level. Using a landscape approach, Buru district is classified above, the coastal hills of the plains and mountains include varieties of highlands and slopes. Following the splitting off of the northern parts of the regency in 1999 to form the new North Maluku Province ( Maluku Utara ),

228-602: A monopoly while at the same time carrying out the spread of Catholicism . One of the famous missionaries was Francis Xavier . Arriving in Ambon on February 14, 1546, then traveling to Ternate, arriving in 1547, visiting islands in the Maluku Islands to spread Catholicism . The relationship between the Portuguese and Ternatean broke down in 1570, resulting in a war with Sultan Babullah that lasted for 5 years (1570–1575), causing

304-745: A new Karel Sadsuitubun Airport , much to the south in Kei Kecil Island, and Dumatubun Airport is now used only for the Indonesian Air Force. Langgur, the seat of the regency has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall from July to October and heavy to very heavy rainfall from November to June. On 6 October and 12 November 2022, there were riots between the Elat village and Bombai village. The second riot that occurred on 12 November killed two people and injured dozens of civilians and two policemen . Maluku (province) Maluku

380-508: A power structure known as the “ Moloku Kie Raha ,” or “Four Mountains of Maluku.” The four had dynamic relationships, both alliances and rivalries, that played a vital role in maintaining stability and prosperity in the region, especially through the valuable spice trade. The Sultanate of Ternate was one of the most influential sultanates in Maluku and played an important role in the clove trade that connected Maluku with traders from Asia and

456-548: A separate province of North Maluku ( Maluku Utara ), separated from the remaining (South) Maluku Province by the Seram Sea . Historically, the term Maluku referred to the four royal centers in North Maluku, namely Ternate , Tidore , Bacan and Jailolo . A type of confederation consisting of the four kingdoms, which most likely emerged in the 14th century, was called Moloku Kie Raha or "The Four Mountains of Maluku". Although

532-468: A significant role in maintaining political and social balance in Maluku. Sultanate of Jailolo , as one of the oldest sultanates, has a very rich cultural tradition and is a spiritual and cultural center that is respected among the people of Maluku. During its heyday, Jailolo became a respected local power, with influence not only on political aspects but also social and cultural aspects. The Sultanate of Bacan , although not as large as Ternate and Tidore, had

608-470: A strategic role in trade routes and became an important supporter of the two sultanates, strengthening the defense system and relations with communities in the southern region. These four sultanates , through the Moloku Kie Raha system, demonstrated a bond of unity in the face of external threats and in managing the economic and cultural potential of Maluku. Although Ternate and Tidore often stand out in

684-545: A strong military tradition and often formed alliances with kingdoms in the northern region to face external threats, especially from European powers such as Portugal and Spain. Under the rule of Sultan Nuku , Tidore built local alliances and waged resistance that succeeded in maintaining its sovereignty while maintaining control over the spice trade. Meanwhile, the Jailolo Sultanate and the Bacan Sultanate also played

760-462: Is a province of Indonesia . It comprises the central and southern regions of the Maluku Islands . The largest city and capital of Maluku province is Ambon on the small Ambon Island . It is directly adjacent to North Maluku , Southwest Papua , and West Papua in the north, Central Sulawesi , and Southeast Sulawesi in the west, Banda Sea , Australia , East Timor and East Nusa Tenggara in

836-476: Is described as a green mountainous region filled with cloves – an oasis in the middle of the southeastern sea. Marco Polo also described the clove trade in Maluku during his visit to Sumatra . Before the arrival of European colonials, the Maluku islands had been ruled by several sultanates that played an important role in the spice trade, especially cloves and nutmeg. In the Maluku region, four major sultanates – Ternate , Tidore , Jailolo , and Bacan – formed

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912-466: Is greatly influenced by the presence of vast marine waters and takes place in tune with the climatic season there. The average temperature based on Meteorological stations in Ambon , Tual and Saumlaki are C 26.80, 27.70 C and 27.40 C. Minimum temperatures are 24.00, 24.70 C and 23.80 C, respectively, while the temperature Tual, the average humidity reaches 85.4% when recording Saumlaki Meteorological Station shows

988-738: Is the only Indonesian territory that is classified as an area that has the largest multiracial population other than East Nusa Tenggara . Many Moluccans still retained foreign surnames from foreign countries such as the Netherlands (Van Afflen, Van Room, De Wanna, De Kock, Kniesmeijer, Gaspersz, Ramschie, Payer, Ziljstra, Van der Weden, etc.), Portugal (Da Costa, De Fretes, Que, Carliano, De Souza, De Carvalho, Pareira, Courbois, Frandescolli, etc.), Spain (Oliviera, Diaz, De Jesus, Silvera, Rodriguez, Montefalcon, Mendoza, De Lopez, etc.) and Arabic directly from Hadramaut (Al-Kaff, Al Chatib, Bachmid, Bakhwereez, Bahasoan, Al-Qadri, Alaydrus, Assegaff, etc.) Today,

1064-814: The Babar Islands , the Tanimbar Islands , the Kei Islands (more precisely, the Kur Island group in the west of the Kei Islands), the Watubela Islands and the Gorong Islands , ending with Seram Island and Buru Island . With the dominant condition of regional waters, Maluku is very open to interacting with other provinces and surrounding countries. The Maluku islands have a tropical monsoon climate, this climate

1140-562: The Central Maluku Regency , West Seram and East Seram, the topography is generally hilly. 0–2%, tilt / wavy 3–15% rather steep 15–40% and very steep 40%. Topography in the Southeast Maluku Regency is divided into plains, hills and mountains with flat slopes (0–3%), flat / bumpy (3–8%), bumpy (8–15%), rather steep (15–30%) and very steep (> 50%). The height of the sea surface area is divided into three classes, namely in

1216-698: The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference , the Dutch recognize sovereignty of Indonesia. The Dutch soon left Maluku. Due to a deep distrust of the Indonesian leadership, which was predominantly Javanese Muslim , in 1951 an independent Republic of the South Moluccas ( Indonesian : RMS, Republik Maluku Selatan) was proclaimed at Ambon. The RMS had strong support among the former Moluccans colonial soldiers . Indonesian forces invaded Maluku to crush

1292-662: The Indonesian Air Force base at Liang in the northeast of the island, damaging the runway and destroying a Consolidated PBY Catalina . The Indonesian Air Force had only one serviceable fighter aircraft on Ambon Island, a North American P-51 Mustang at Liang. Pope's last air raid was on 18 May, when an Indonesian pilot at Liang, Captain Ignatius Dewanto, was scrambled to the P-51. Pope had attacked Ambon city before Dewanto could catch him, but Dewanto intercepted him just as Pope

1368-900: The Laha massacre . On August 15, 1945, Japan capitulated to the Allied forces . Two days later, the Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia was declared. Maluku was declared as one of the provinces of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the formation and position of Maluku was forced to take place in Jakarta , as after the Japanese surrender, the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) immediately re-entered Maluku to assume control. The Dutch controlled Maluku until 1949, when in accordance to

1444-413: The Maluku Islands . The large number of islands that are separated by long distances from each other also results in the increasingly diverse languages used in this province. Some of the most common languages spoken in Maluku - apart from Ambonese and Indonesian - are: Religion in Maluku (2022) Most of the people of Maluku adheres to either Islam , (52.85% of the population) or Christianity (46.3% of

1520-558: The Netherlands . Places of worship in Maluku Province in 2013 were recorded as follows: The Protestant Church of Maluku (Gereja Protestan Maluku or simply GPM) is the largest synod organization and church organization in Maluku, which has church congregations in almost the entire Sarane country throughout Maluku. Macroeconomically, Maluku's economic conditions tend to improve every year. One indicator is, among others, an increase in

1596-478: The Reform era . Provinces have a local government , consisting of a governor ( Gubernur ) and a regional legislative body ( Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Provinsi ). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. Provincial governments have the authority to regulate and manage their own government affairs, subject to

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1672-470: The 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (a total of 185 rural desa and 6 urban kelurahan ), and its postal code. Notes: (a) includes 33 offshore islands. The town of Langgur (the Regency's nominal capital) comprises more than half

1748-485: The 2010 population of Kei Besar Utara Barat District was included in the figure for Kei Besar District, from which it was split off. (j) the 2010 population of Kei Besar Selatan Barat District was included in the figure for Kei Besar Selatan District, from which it was split off. A small airport named Dumatubun Airport is located at Langgur in Kei Kecil District. However this was replaced for civilian use in 2014 by

1824-583: The 2020 census was adhered to by 52.85% of the population of the province and Christianity which is embraced by 46.3% (39.4% Protestantism and 7.0% Catholicism ). All the Maluku Islands were part of a single province from 1950 until 1999. In 1999, the northern part of Maluku (then comprising the Maluku Utara Regency , the Halmahera Tengah Regency and the City of Ternate ) were split off to form

1900-602: The Alifuru tribes.These people are the indigenous inhabitants of Maluku, along with the later Austronesian migration. At the beginning of the 14th century the Majapahit Kingdom ruled maritime Southeast Asia. At that time, traders from Java monopolized the spice trade in Maluku. During the Ming dynasty , spices from Maluku were introduced in various works of art and history. In a painting by W.P. Groeneveldt, titled Gunung Dupa, Maluku,

1976-559: The Aru Islands were split off to form their own Regency , and on 17 July 2007 the City of Tual was split off to become an independent city. The two principal islands of the Regency are Kei Besar ( Greater Kei ) in the east and the slightly smaller (excluding those parts of the island now in Tual City) but more densely populated Kei Kecil ( Lesser Kei ) in the west. The capital is located at Langgur on Kei Kecil. The third-largest island in

2052-507: The Dutch, being heavily outnumbered. On December 16, 1817, Pattimura and his colleagues were sentenced to death on the gallows, at Fort Niew Victoria, Ambon, while Martha Christina Tiahahu died on the boat during her voyage to Java and her body was released into the Banda Sea. Following the outbreak of the Pacific War on December 7, 1941, as part of World War II the region was occupied by

2128-472: The Japanese . The Japanese attacked on 31 January 1942 , landing at Hutu beach on the north coast, and Ritung beach in the south. They were opposed by soldiers of the KNIL and a small Australian contingent. The KNIL commander was captured the day after the attack, and the last defenders of the airfield were overcome a few days later. The battle was followed by the summary execution of more than 300 Allied PoWs in

2204-650: The Maluku people already had mixed blood with other ethnic groups, namely with Chinese, Indians, Persians, Europeans (generally the Netherlands , Portugal and Spain ), then the Arabs were very common considering this area had been controlled by foreign nations for 2,300 years and gave birth to new descendants, which is no longer a pure Melanesian race but still inherits and lives with the Melanesian-Alifuru style. Because of this mixture of culture and race with Chinese , Indians , Persians , Europeans and Arabs , Maluku

2280-668: The Middle East. Founded around the 13th century, Ternate developed into a center of maritime power and the spread of Islam in the eastern part of the archipelago. This sultanate established strong diplomatic relations with major kingdoms in Southeast Asia, such as the Sultanate of Malacca and the Majapahit Kingdom, strengthening its position in international trade routes. Under the rule of famous sultans such as Sultan Baabullah , Ternate

2356-571: The Moluccans. This was due to political, economic and social relations conditions that had been bad for two centuries. Moluccan people of the Ambon Islands rose up and took up arms under the leadership of Thomas Matulessy who was given the title Kapitan Pattimura, a former major sergeant of the British army. On May 15, 1817, an attack was launched against Fort Duurstede on Saparua island, resulting in

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2432-554: The Netherlands. In April and May 1958 during the Permesta rebellion in North Sulawesi , the USA supported and supplied the rebels. Pilots from a Taiwan -based CIA front organisation, Civil Air Transport , flying CIA B-26 Invader aircraft, repeatedly raided targets on Ambon. From April 27 until 18 May there were CIA air raids on Ambon city . On May 8, 1958, CIA pilot Allen Pope raided

2508-616: The Portuguese to be expelled from Ternate and were driven to Tidore and Ambon. The resistance of the Moluccas to the Portuguese was used by the Dutch to gain a foothold in Maluku. In 1605, the Dutch managed to force the Portuguese to surrender their defenses in Ambon to Steven van der Hagen and at Tidore to the Sebastiansz Cornelisz. Similarly, the British fortress in Kambelo, Seram Island ,

2584-694: The VOC did not hesitate to expel the Portuguese , Spanish and the British . Tens of thousands of Moluccans were victims of VOC brutality. During the Napoleonic Wars , British forces captured Maluku as the Netherlands were under French occupation. After the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 , the British returned Maluku to the Dutch. The Dutch returned in 1817. The return of the Dutch in 1817 evoked strong resistance from

2660-467: The authority of the Provincial Government includes: The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by

2736-452: The average humidity is 80.2%. The topography of the average condition of the Ambon region is rather flat, starting from the coast to residential areas. The mainland morphology of Ambon also varies from flat, bumpy, bumpy, hilly and mountainous with soft steep slopes to slightly dominant. The flat area has a slope of 0–3%, corrugated slope 3–8%, corrugated area 8–15%, hilly area 15–30% slope elevation and mountainous area greater than 30%. As for

2812-554: The civilian population committed by both sides. The main belligerents were therefore religious militia from both faiths, including the well organised Islamist Laskar Jihad , and Indonesian government military forces. The conflict had a significant effect upon the 2.1 million people of greater Maluku. Leading up to the Malino agreement, the International Crisis Group estimated that 700,000 people had been displaced by

2888-594: The conflict. The Maluku sectarian conflict broke out across Maluku in January 1999. The subsequent 18 months were characterized by fighting between largely local groups of Muslims and Christians, the destruction of thousands of houses, the displacement of approximately 500,000 people, the loss of thousands of lives, and the segregation of Muslims and Christians. Inter-communal fighting broke out between Christian and Muslim communities in January 1999, cascading into what could be described as all out warfare and atrocities against

2964-519: The country. Article 18 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution states that "the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws." According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014)

3040-403: The creation of additional provinces (by the splitting of existing provinces) have been considered by the Indonesian government, but further action has been suspended since 2013 under a moratorium declared on any creations of further provinces, regencies or cities. However, in 2022, 9 years later, Central Papua , Highland Papua , South Papua , and Southwest Papua became the youngest provinces in

3116-406: The death of Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and his family. Pattimura was assisted by Philip Latumahina, Anthony Ribok, and Said Orders. The news of this Pattimura's victory aroused the spirit of popular resistance throughout Maluku. Paulus Tiahahu and his daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu fought the Dutch on Nusa Laut , and Kapitan Ulupaha in Ambon. But this resistance was crushed by

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3192-439: The four kingdoms forming a ritual quadripartition with connotations to local cosmology. The etymology of the word Maluku is not very clear, and it has been a matter of debate for many experts. The first recorded word that can be identified with Maluku comes from Nagarakretagama , an Old Javanese eulogy of 1365. Canto 14 stanza 5 mentioned Maloko , which Pigeaud identified with Ternate or Moluccas. A theory holds that

3268-493: The four kingdoms subsequently expanded and covered the entire North Maluku region (as now defined) and parts of Sulawesi and New Guinea , the area of expansion was originally not included in the term Maluku. This only referred to the four main clove-producing islands to the west of Halmahera : Ternate, Tidore. Moti and Makian . Bacan further to the south, and Jailolo on Halmahera, were also commonly included in Maluku Proper,

3344-585: The four years of fighting in the Moluccas which is thought to have claimed a minimum of 5,000 lives. This constituted the largest movement of refugees since the federation of the Indonesian state and the majority of the 1.4 million Internal refugees reported in February 2002 by the World Food Programme . The duration of the conflict is generally dated from the start of the Reformasi era in early 1999 to

3420-428: The group, Dullah , on which the city of Tual is located, is no longer within the Regency. Kei Besar is long, thin and mountainous. Kei Besar's topography varies between 500 and 800 metres above sea level, and differs from the islands to the west by having a karst formation in the middle of it. Kei Kecil (also called Nuhuroa) is more low-lying, not exceeding about 100 metres above sea level, and contains much swampland;

3496-408: The independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established. West Java , Central Java , East Java , and Maluku still exist as of today despite later divisions, while Sumatra , Kalimantan , Sulawesi , and Nusa Tenggara , formerly Lesser Sunda ( Sunda Kecil ) were fully liquidated by dividing them into new provinces. The province of Central Sumatra existed from 1948 to 1957, while East Timor

3572-610: The leadership of António de Abreu and Francisco Serrão , landed in the Banda Islands and the Penyu Islands . After they established relations with local residents and kings, such as the Sultanate of Ternate on the island of Ternate , the Portuguese were given permission to build fortifications in Pikaoli, as well as the old Hitu State, and Mamala on Ambon Island . The Portuguese gained

3648-784: The limits of the central government . The average land area of all 38 provinces in Indonesia is about 49,800 km (19,200 sq mi), and they had an average population in mid 2023 of 7,334,111 people. Currently, Indonesia is divided into 38 provinces, nine of which have special autonomous status. The terminology for special status are " Istimewa " and " Khusus ", which translates to 'special' or 'designated' in English. Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies/cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II ), which are in turn subdivided into districts ( kecamatan ). Proposals for

3724-454: The low altitude area (000–100 m elevation), middle (100–500 m), and high altitude (> 500 m). The topography of Buru Regency is mostly hilly and mountainous with a slope of 15–40% and 40%, the remaining height is from ordinary varieties. The highest mountain peak is located in the Kapalamada region north west of Buru with an altitude of 2736 meters above sea level (ASL), after Lake Rana with

3800-420: The name Maluku comes from the concept of "Maluku Kie Raha". "Raha" means four, while "kie" here means mountain, referring to 4 mountains of Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo (Halmahera), which have their own kolano (title for local kings). Therefore, the Maluku can come from: "Moloku" here meaning to grasp or hold. In this context, the meaning of "Moloku Kie Raha" is "the confederation of four mountains". However,

3876-531: The numbers of districts ( kecamatan ) and villages (urban kelurahan and rural desa ) in each city or regency. The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The Maluku Electoral District consists of all of the 9 regencies and 2 cities in the province, and elects 4 members to the People's Representative Council. Since ancient times, many of

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3952-810: The other hemisphere. These Maluku expatriates can be found in quite large communities and are concentrated in several countries such as the Netherlands (which is considered the second homeland by the Moluccas other than the land of Maluku itself), Suriname , Australia, and the United States. The Maluku community in other regions of Indonesia can be found in Medan , Palembang , Bandung , Greater Jakarta , Central Java , Yogyakarta , East Java , Makassar , Kupang , Manado , East Kalimantan , Sorong , and Jayapura . The languages used in Maluku, especially in Ambon, has been influenced by foreign languages, often by explorers who have visited and even occupied and colonized Maluku in

4028-454: The past. The nations were the Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic and Dutch. The Ambonese language , as the lingua franca in Maluku, has been understood by almost all residents of Maluku Province and generally, little by little, is understood by other East Indonesian people such as those in Ternate , Manado , Kupang , etc. because Ambonese is related to other languages in the provinces of North Sulawesi , North Maluku , East Nusa Tenggara and

4104-446: The people of Maluku are not only found in Indonesia but are spread in various countries in the world. Most of those who migrate abroad are due to various reasons, of which the most classic was the large-scale movement of the Moluccans to Europe in the 1950s and settled there until now. Another reason is to get a better, more knowledgeable life, marrying and marrying other nations, who later settle down and have generations of new Moluccas in

4180-443: The period following the fall of Suharto . Some provinces have been granted additional autonomy beyond this. The form this special autonomy takes is not standardized, with provinces gaining different formulations of specific autonomy based on particular political imperatives. The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function. Upon

4256-418: The plan, simultaneous partial local elections were held in February 2017 , June 2018 and December 2020 , culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts in November 2024 and then every five years. The decentralization of some power and autonomy to provinces is called for by Article 18 of the Constitution of Indonesia , and this article was expanded through amendments in October 1999 in

4332-497: The population of this district. (b) includes 16 offshore islands. (c) includes 2 offshore islands. (d) the 2010 population of Hoat Sorbay and Manyeuw Districts were included in the figure for Kei Kecil District, from which they were split off. (e) the 2010 population of Kei Kecil Timur Selatan District was included in the figure for Kei Kecil Timur District, from which it was split off. (f) includes 10 offshore islands. (g) includes 3 offshore islands. (h) includes 8 offshore islands. (i)

4408-405: The population); the latter are divided between followers of ( Protestantism (39.39%) and Catholicism (6.87%). There are also adherents of folk religion , Hinduism and Buddhism . The spread of Islam was carried out by the Sultanates of Iha, Saulau, Hitu, and Hatuhaha and Arab traders who visited Maluku. While the spread of Christianity was carried out by missionaries from Portugal , Spain and

4484-441: The province of Maluku is currently divided into nine regencies ( kabupaten ) and the two cities ( kota ) of Ambon and Tual , which form the tenth and eleventh regency-level administrative divisions. The regencies and cities, with their administrative capitals, are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and at the 2020 census, together with the official estimates for mid 2023. The table also includes

4560-399: The province's islands lie along two mainly submerged oceanic ridges which form the eastwards extension of the Lesser Sunda Islands ; the inner arc runs from Wetar Island through the Romang Islands and Damar Island (with its northeasterly outliers) to end at the Banda Islands ; the outer arc extends from the Wetar Strait through Kisar Island , the Letti Islands , the Sermata Islands ,

4636-553: The province. Each province has a local government , headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under

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4712-568: The regency's nominal capital, Langgur, is situated in the north-east of the island, just across a tiny channel from Tual on Dullah Island, and effectively forms a suburb of the City of Tual. About 50 smaller, forest-covered coral islands lie of the west coast of Kei Kecil; about 33 are part of Kei Kecil District, including Ngaf, Ohoitir, Ohouwa, Nai, Warhu, Hoat and Tangwain; about 16 are part of Kei Kecil Barat District, including Lik, Tarwa, Waha, Warbal, Manir, Ur, Witir, Nuhuta and (further south) Tanimbar Kei. Further groups of islands which lie more to

4788-529: The residual province of Maluku was composed of two regencies ( Central Maluku and Southeast Maluku ) and the City of Ambon , but on 4 October 1999 two new regencies were created with the separation of Buru Regency from Central Maluku, and of Southeast Maluku West Regency from Southeast Maluku. Three additional regencies were created on 18 December 2003 (under Law 40/2003) - East Seram Regency and West Seram Regency , both from parts of Central Maluku, and Aru Islands Regency from part of Southeast Maluku (which

4864-417: The role of trade and resistance to foreign powers, Jailolo and Bacan remain an important part of this structure, both as a balancing force and as a symbol of Maluku's cultural diversity. Their cooperation and competition illustrate the complexity of local politics that helped maintain Maluku's identity and sovereignty for centuries, making this region a unique center of the spice trade in the world. The era of

4940-417: The root word "loku" comes from local Malay creole word for a unit, therefore not from an indigenous language. The other possibility is that the word "Maloko" is a combination of "Ma", meaning "support" and "Loko" referring to the area. The phrase "Maloko Kie Raha" means "the place/world which has four mountains". The region was first settled by Melanesians at least 40,000 years ago, collectively now known as

5016-445: The separatists. The main stronghold of the RMS on Ambon was defeated by Indonesian forces in November 1950, while a smaller scale guerilla struggle continued on Seram Island until 1962. The defeat on Ambon however resulted in the flight of the self-declared RMS government from the islands, and the formation of a government in exile in the Netherlands. The following year some 12,000 Moluccan soldiers accompanied by their families went to

5092-593: The signing of the Malino II Accord on February 13, 2002. Maluku is bordered by North Maluku in the north, West Papua in the East, Southeast Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi in the West, and the nation of Timor-Leste and Australia in the south. While the total area consists of 527,191 km of sea area, and 57,803.81 km of land area, or in other words around 90% of Maluku is sea area. As an archipelago province, Maluku has 559 islands, which include some relatively large islands: Seram (18,625 km ), Buru (9,000 km ) Yamdena (5,085 km ) and Wetar (3,624 km ). Most of

5168-477: The six provinces of Indonesian Papua . Indonesian , as the official language and language of unity in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), is used in official and formal public activities such as in government offices and in schools and in places such as museums, airports and ports. Maluku is the largest archipelago in all of Indonesia, although this area is 90% water and only 10% land. Maluku Province and North Maluku Province together compose

5244-469: The south and Arafura Sea , Central Papua and South Papua in the east. The land area is 57803.81 km , and the total population of this province at the 2010 census was 1,533,506 people, rising to 1,848,923 at the 2020 census, the official estimate as at mid 2023 (actually, the sum of the official mid-year estimates for all the cities and regencies) was 1,908,753. Maluku is located in Eastern Indonesia. Maluku has two main religions, namely Islam which at

5320-414: The sultanate began to change drastically with the arrival of the Portuguese in the early 16th century, followed by the Spanish, Dutch, and then the British. European penetration in the region led to the weakening of local power and major changes in the political and economic structure of Maluku. The first Europeans to arrive in Maluku were the Portuguese , in 1512. At that time two Portuguese fleets, under

5396-411: The value of GDP. In 2003 Maluku's GRDP reached 3.7 trillion rupiah and then increased to 4.05 trillion in 2004. Economic growth in 2004 reached 4.05 percent and increased to 5.06 percent in 2005. Provinces of Indonesia Provinces are the first-level administrative divisions of Indonesia . It is formerly called the first-level provincial region ( provinsi daerah tingkat I ) before

5472-554: The west (but geographically part of the Kei Islands) form part of Tual City - including the Tayando-Tam group of 27 islands and (even more to the west) the Kur group of 9 islands. At the time of the 2010 Census the regency was divided into six districts ( kecamatan ), but by 2016 five additional districts had been created by the division of the existing districts. These are tabulated below with their land and sea areas and their populations at

5548-563: Was attacking a pair of troop ships in an Indonesian fleet west of Ambon Island. The B-26 was brought down by fire from both Dewanto and anti-aircraft gunners on board the ship. Pope and his Indonesian radio operator bailed and were captured, which immediately exposed the level of CIA support for the Permesta rebellion. Embarrassed, the Eisenhower administration quickly ended CIA support for Permesta and withdrew its agents and remaining aircraft from

5624-503: Was destroyed by the Dutch. Giving the Dutch control of most of the Maluku region. The Dutch position in Maluku grew stronger with the establishment of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1602, and since then the Netherlands has become the sole ruler in Maluku. Under the leadership of Jan Pieterszoon Coen , Chief of Operations of the VOC, the clove trade in Maluku was under VOC control for almost 350 years. For this purpose,

5700-463: Was even able to expel the Portuguese and maintain its sovereignty, which made it a symbol of strength and independence in Maluku. The Sultanate of Tidore , which grew in almost the same period, also played an important role in Maluku. Like Ternate, Tidore developed a formidable maritime power and had extensive diplomatic relations, including with areas in the Southern Philippines. Tidore had

5776-528: Was thus left to comprise just the Kai Islands . On 17 July 2007 the City of Tual was separated from Southeast Maluku, and on 24 June 2008 two further regencies were created - South Buru Regency from part of Buru, and Southwest Maluku Regency from part of Southeast Maluku West. The residual part of Southeast Maluku West Regency was subsequently renamed the Tanimbar Islands Regency on 23 January 2019. Thus

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