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77-520: One of the largest undammed river systems in California, the South Fork drains a rugged, remote watershed of 980 square miles (2,500 km). The large areas of intact habitat are important for several endangered species and rare plants. Historically, the South Fork watershed was known for its prodigious anadromous fish population and dense old-growth forests . During the mid-20th century, the river channel

154-493: A 4% margin (50% to 46%) in 2008. In 2012, the county again voted Republican, but narrowly. Voter registration reflects this trend, with Democratic and Republican registration in a near dead heat (D: 2,710, R: 2,716). Third-party candidates tend to do rather well in Trinity County: George Wallace got over 13% of the county's vote in 1968 , and it was the only California county carried by Ross Perot in 1992 . It

231-824: A forage fish of the smelt family found in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. In summer, they graze on dense swarms of plankton at the edge of the ice shelf. Larger capelin also eat krill and other crustaceans . The capelin move inshore in large schools to spawn and migrate in spring and summer to feed in plankton rich areas between Iceland , Greenland and Jan Mayen . The migration is affected by ocean currents . Around Iceland maturing capelin make large northward feeding migrations in spring and summer. The return migration takes place in September to November. The spawning migration starts north of Iceland in December or January. The diagram on

308-512: A greater area but is much shorter.) While along the length of the South Fork itself there is little human development, it receives agricultural pollutants from Hayfork Creek, whose valley contains over 52,000 acres (210 km) of ranchlands and farmlands. In fact, there have been sightings of frequent fish kills in Hayfork Creek and it is said to have "severe water quality problems in the summer". Diversions off Hayfork Creek have only furthered

385-580: A high degree of homing and the fish may make upstream or downstream migrations to reach very specific spawning locations in whitewater canyons. Sometimes fish can be dispersed by birds that eat fish eggs. They carry eggs in the digestive tracts and then deposit them in their faeces in a new place. The survival rate for fish eggs that have passed through a bird's digestive tract is low. Since prehistoric times humans have exploited certain anadromous fishes during their migrations into freshwater streams, when they are more vulnerable to capture. Societies dating to

462-472: A household in the county was $ 27,711, and the median income for a family was $ 34,343. Males had a median income of $ 31,131 versus $ 24,271 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 16,868. About 14.1% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 26.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over. incorporated dissolved K-12 school districts include: Unified: Elementary: The population ranking of

539-435: A key to immune defense for the growing fish. The idea that these genes play an important role in development against viruses suggests they are critical in the trout's success in an anadromous lifestyle. [REDACTED] Media related to Fish migration at Wikimedia Commons Trinity County, California Trinity County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California . Trinity County

616-509: A logging company from Oregon . It was not long before debris and silt began to cloud the creeks feeding the South Fork, many of which were still located on United States Forest Service land. In the Christmas flood of 1964 , heavy rains washed enormous amounts of silt and debris from clear-cut lands into the river, and killing entire fish and amphibian populations. The flood peaked on 22 December at 95,400 cubic feet per second (2,700 m/s). It

693-541: Is also home to Black Bear , Blacktail Deer , Mountain Lion . Several species of birds are present such as Valley Quail and Mountain Quail, Golden and Bald Eagles, and in higher elevations Blue and Ruffed Grouse are common. Other species in the area include a variety of ducks, river otters and minks, coyotes, rabbits, Gray and Ground squirrels, and Chipmunks. The South Fork is known for its runs of King Salmon and Steelhead but occasionally

770-574: Is also why the Klamath and Trinity rivers have this sharp northwest bend on their generally southwest courses, and the South Fork Trinity River valley is the southernmost extension of the roughly 200-mile (320 km)-long gorge formed by this abundance of mica. The vast majority of the South Fork watershed is mountains, with the only level land found in the Hyampom Valley at the confluence of

847-596: Is in Sacramento . The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. The 2010 United States Census reported that Trinity County had a population of 13,786. The racial makeup of Trinity County was 12,033 (87.3%) White , 59 (0.4%) African American , 655 (4.8%) Native American , 94 (0.7%) Asian , 16 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 217 (1.6%) from other races , and 712 (5.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 959 persons (7.0%). As of

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924-421: Is of note that part of the reason of the declined population is a high mortality rate of female salmon, resulting in less offspring. Generally in summer, temperatures in the river can rise causing salmon and steelhead smolts to die as well. Remaining old-growth forests in the South Fork watershed provide vital habitat for several threatened and near-threatened species, including the northern spotted owl . The area

1001-553: Is rugged, mountainous, heavily forested, and lies along the Trinity River (for which it is named) within the Salmon , Klamath Mountains , as well as a portion of the Scott, Trinity, and North Yolla Bolly Mountains. It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities (the other two counties in California with that distinction are Alpine and Mariposa counties). As of

1078-653: Is the Shasta-Trinity National Forest , which covers most of the mountainous areas in the southern and central part of the watershed, and the Six Rivers National Forest , which covers most of the northern third of the basin. Nearly the entire length of the South Fork above the Hayfork Creek confluence is inside the Shasta-Trinity National Forest, while below the confluence, national forest lands peter out into privately owned land and

1155-709: Is the largest by area but the least populous census tract in the county with 975 people. It contains 833 square miles, leading to a population density of 1.2 people per square mile. The largest community by far is Mad River, with other smaller ones being Ruth, Kettenpom, and Zenia. Notable features include South Fork Mountain, the Mad River, the Van Duzen River, Ruth Lake, Ruth Valley, Kettenpom Valley, Hoaglin Valley, and Hettenshaw Valley. The county hosts many visitors, especially during summer months, for camping, backpacking, boating on

1232-457: The 2020 census , the population was 16,112, making it the fifth least-populous county in California, and the least-populous of California's 27 original counties. The county seat and largest community is Weaverville . Trinity County has a rich history of Native Americans: Tsnungwe including the South Fork Hupa and tł'oh-mitah-xwe, Chimariko, and Wintu. The county takes its name from

1309-779: The Adult Use of Marijuana Act (AUMA), also known as California Proposition 64. The measure passed with 50.1% in favor of legalization. Statewide, the measure passed with 57.1% of the vote. Trinity Transit provides weekday intercity bus service on State Routes 3 and 299, with connecting service in Willow Creek and the Redding Amtrak station . Service is also provided from Weaverville to Lewiston (MWF) and Hayfork (daily). The county owns five general aviation airports: Trinity Center Airport , Weaverville Airport , Hayfork Airport , Hyampom Airport and Ruth Airport . The closest major airport

1386-771: The American eel and the European eel which migrate huge distances from freshwater rivers to spawn in the Sargasso Sea , and whose subsequent larvae can drift in currents for months and even years before returning to their natal rivers and streams as glass eels or elvers. An example of a euryhaline species is the bull shark , which lives in Lake Nicaragua of Central America and the Zambezi River of Africa. Both these habitats are fresh water, yet bull sharks will also migrate to and from

1463-581: The Millingstone Horizon are known which exploited the anadromous fishery of Morro Creek and other Pacific coast estuaries . In Nevada the Paiute tribe has harvested migrating Lahontan cutthroat trout along the Truckee River since prehistoric times. This fishing practice continues to current times, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has supported research to assure the water quality in

1540-471: The Trinity River , which was in turn named in 1845 by Major Pierson B. Reading , who was under the mistaken impression that the river emptied into Trinidad Bay . Trinity is the English translation of Trinidad. Trinity County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Parts of the county were ceded to Klamath County in 1852 and to Humboldt County in 1853. In

1617-498: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 3,208 square miles (8,310 km ), of which 3,179 square miles (8,230 km ) is land and 28 square miles (73 km ) (0.9%) is water. The county contains a significant portion of Shasta-Trinity National Forest and the Trinity Alps Wilderness —the second largest wilderness in California. Trinity County is made up of five census tracts. Census Tract 1.01 includes

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1694-963: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The Convention does not provide an operational definition of the term, but in an annex (UNCLOS Annex 1) lists the species considered highly migratory by parties to the convention. The list includes: tuna and tuna-like species ( albacore , bluefin , bigeye tuna , skipjack , yellowfin , blackfin , little tunny , southern bluefin and bullet ), wahoo , pomfret , marlin , sailfish , swordfish , saury and oceangoing sharks , dolphins and other cetaceans . These high trophic level oceanodromous species undertake migrations of significant but variable distances across oceans for feeding, often on forage fish, or reproduction, and also have wide geographic distributions. Thus, these species are found both inside

1771-604: The Yolla Bolly Mountains in the south and the Klamath Mountains in the north, the topography of the South Fork Trinity's watershed is dissected by deep gorges and valleys separated by narrow ridges. The South Fork is the longest undammed National Wild and Scenic River in California. (The Eel River , also a Wild and Scenic River, is over twice as long, but is dammed near its headwaters. The Smith River drains

1848-505: The census of 2000, there were 13,022 people, 5,587 households, and 3,625 families residing in the county. The population density was 4 people per square mile (1.5 people/km ). There were 7,980 housing units at an average density of 2 units per square mile (0.77 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 88.9% White , 0.5% Black or African American , 4.9% Native American , 0.5% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.9% from other races , and 4.4% from two or more races. 4.0% of

1925-403: The exclusive economic zones of different nations, and these are covered differently in the treaty from other fish. Salmon and striped bass are well-known anadromous fish, and freshwater eels are catadromous fish that make large migrations. The bull shark is a euryhaline species that moves at will from fresh to salt water, and many marine fish make a diel vertical migration , rising to

2002-845: The high seas . Transboundary stock range in the EEZs of at least two countries. A stock can be both transboundary and straddling. It can be challenging to determine the population structure of highly migratory species using physical tagging. Traditional genetic markers such as short-range PCR products, microsatellites and SNP-arrays have struggled to identify population structure and distinguish fish stocks from separate ocean basins. However, population genomic research using RAD sequencing in yellowfin tuna, albacore, and wahoo has been able to distinguish populations from different ocean basins and reveal fine-scale population structure. Similar population genomics methods have also provided improved insight towards population structure in striped marlin . Some of

2079-425: The state legislature Trinity is in the 2nd Senate District , represented by Democrat Mike McGuire , and the 2nd Assembly District , represented by Democrat Jim Wood . In 2010, Trinity County voted against Proposition 19, which would have taxed and regulated marijuana . In 2016 Trinity County residents were asked again to vote on legalization of state-level recreational marijuana, facilitated by

2156-552: The 2 mile wide strip of land belonged to themselves and not the other, with both counties attempting to levy and collect property tax land in said strip. In 1907, Trinity County sued Mendocino County in a Tehama County court to settle the dispute. The trial court in Tehama County ruled in favor of Trinity County, even though the land was situated south of the 40th parallel and state law stated that lands south of that parallel belonged to Mendocino County. The appellate court upheld

2233-444: The 200-nautical-mile (370-kilometre) exclusive economic zones and in the high seas outside these zones. They are pelagic species, which means they mostly live in the open ocean and do not live near the sea floor, although they may spend part of their life cycle in nearshore waters . Highly migratory species can be compared with straddling stock and transboundary stock . Straddling stock range both within an EEZ as well as in

2310-580: The California surveyor-general to survey the line and establish the boundaries between the two counties. The new line, as surveyed by Sam H. Rice and approved by the California Attorney General on December 18, 1891, was found to be 2 miles north of the common boundary surveyed by W.H. Fauntleroy, thereby resulting in Trinity County exercising jurisdiction two miles south of the 40th parallel north. Between 1891 and 1907, both counties claimed that

2387-627: The Canyon Creek area of the Trinity Alps, is reputed to be the snowiest place in California, outpacing Lake Helen in Mount Lassen National Park, which receives 600-700 inches of snow each winter. Average snowfall in the populated parts of the county ranges from 0-5 inches in the lower Trinity Valley to at least 100 inches in places above 4000 feet, such as Indian Valley west of Hayfork. There is an extensive wild river and stream system, and

South Fork Trinity River - Misplaced Pages Continue

2464-627: The Hoopa Tribe, large numbers are being killed every year in the lower Trinity before they even have a chance to make it up the South Fork. Although the water from the South Fork continues down the Trinity to the Klamath and eventually, the Pacific Ocean , undammed, the diversion of most of the Trinity main stem's water and pollution in the Klamath have made access to the river difficult for migrating fish. It

2541-516: The Pacific Ocean region along its west coast. Four major terranes have so far collided with the northwest coast of California—the oldest dating to pre- Jurassic times—crumpling the crust upwards into the 10,000-foot (3,000 m)-high massif of the Klamath Mountains . Most of the Klamath Mountains consist of granite and batholiths underlie most of the major peaks. The second most recent of

2618-485: The South Fork Trinity River had a rich history of Native Americans: Tsnungwe (South Fork Hupa), Chimariko, Yuki, Wintu. The river annually produced enormous salmon runs, one of the richest sub-basins in the Trinity watershed, and virgin old-growth forests covered most of the watershed. In the 19th century, many events the largest of which was the California Gold Rush spurred Europeans, Americans and others to flood

2695-463: The Trinity River northwest of Salyer . The United States Geological Survey monitors the South Fork Trinity River's flow at four gauges; these are at Salyer , downstream of Hyampom , at Hyampom upstream of the Hayfork Creek confluence, and Forest Glen (from mouth to source). The average flow of the river at its mouth is 1,807 cubic feet per second (51.2 m/s). For Salyer, closest to the mouth,

2772-488: The Trinity River, the Trinity Alps, and the New River. Census Tract 3 includes the communities of Hayfork, Hyampom, and Wildwood. It has 3105 people in 600 square miles, leading to a population density of 5.2 people per square mile. Notable features are the South Fork of the Trinity River, South Fork Mountain, Hayfork Valley and Hayfork Creek, Hyampom Valley, Chanchellula Peak and Wilderness area, and Hayfork Bally. Census Tract 4

2849-737: The Truckee can support suitable populations of the Lahontan cutthroat trout. Because salmonids live an anadromous lifestyle, they encounter a larger range of viruses from both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are part of a GTP-ase family that aid in viral immunity, and previously, rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) had been shown to possess three different Mx genes to aid in viral defence in both environments. The number of Mx genes can differ among species of fish, with numbers ranging from 1 to 9 and some outliers like Gadiformes that have totally lost their Mx genes. A study

2926-399: The availability of food in different areas at different times of year. The migratory movements may partly be linked to the fact that the fish cannot identify their own offspring and moving in this way prevents cannibalism . Some species have been described by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as highly migratory species. These are large pelagic fish that move in and out of

3003-552: The best-known anadromous fishes are the Pacific salmon species, such as Chinook (king), coho (silver), chum (dog), pink (humpback) and sockeye (red) salmon. These salmon hatch in small freshwater streams. From there they migrate to the sea to mature, living there for two to six years. When mature, the salmon return to the same streams where they were hatched to spawn. Salmon are capable of going hundreds of kilometers upriver, and humans must install fish ladders in dams to enable

3080-481: The building of dams. As with various other aspects of fish life, zoologists have developed empirical classifications for fish migrations. The first two following terms have been in long-standing wide usage, while others are of more recent coinage. George S. Myers coined the following terms in a 1949 journal article: Although these classifications originated for fish, they can apply, in principle, to any aquatic organism. List of diadromous orders and families, and

3157-459: The communities of Douglas City, Lewiston, Trinity Center, and part of Coffee Creek and Weaverville. Notable features are Trinity Dam and Lake, Lewiston Dam and Lake, the Trinity River, and the Lewiston Valley. It has a population of 2585 people in 550 square miles, leading to a population density of 4.7 people per square mile. Census Tract 1.02 includes most of Weaverville and Coffee Creek. It is

South Fork Trinity River - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-415: The counties named herein", thereby making the law in the political code which defined the boundary as the 40th parallel north only a suggestion and not a fact. The legislature subsequently affirmed this decision, with the modern statute defining the borders of the two counties referencing the survey of Fauntleroy as being the boundary between the two counties instead of the 40th parallel north. According to

3311-506: The east. The river then enters the wide Hyampom Valley, where it passes the town of Hyampom and receives its biggest tributary, Hayfork Creek , from the east. It then passes the Hyampom Airport and receives Pelletreau Creek, Kerlin Creek, and Mill Creek from the west. Within the valley the river briefly exhibits braided characteristics, with a wide floodplain. At the north end of the valley

3388-482: The east. Shortly afterwards, it receives Happy Camp Creek from the west and Smoky Creek from the east. Below here the river passes Forest Glen , receives Rattlesnake Creek from the east, and crosses underneath California State Route 36 . Here the river runs roughly parallel to the Mad River , separated by a 2,000-foot (610 m) divide to the west. Below State Route 36, it receives Butter Creek and Deep Gulch, both from

3465-539: The first half of the 1850's the California State Legislature established that the boundaries of Mendocino and Trinity Counties was the 40th parallel north . Both county board of supervisor's hired the surveyor W.H. Fauntleroy to survey the parallel, which he completed on October 30, 1872. The accuracy of the boundary was doubtful, and by 1891 the Mendocino County Board of Supervisors requested

3542-399: The floods, the spring chinook salmon run was estimated to be as large as 10,000 and with a minimum of 3,400, which declined to an annual run of between 345 and 2,460 prior to 1990. Due to the gradual recovery of the mountainsides after logging, salmon runs have once again begun to return, averaging 2,000 to 4,000. Another major issue for the salmon is the large number being illegally netted by

3619-400: The highest peak flow was 95,400 cubic feet per second (2,700 m/s) on December 22 in the 1964 flood , while the lowest was 8,480 cubic feet per second (240 m/s) on 31 December 1954. For the location downstream of Hyampom, the highest recorded peak flow was 88,000 cubic feet per second (2,500 m/s) on 22 December 1964, while the lowest was 620 cubic feet per second (18 m/s). For

3696-548: The lakes, rafting/kayaking on the rivers, hunting, and fishing. The summers tend to be clear, sunny, warm, and very dry, with little rain from June to September except for some mountain thunderstorms in the highest elevations. Summer days in the populated areas of the county range from 85 to 100 degrees, and summer nights range from 45 to 62 Winter days range from 35 to 50, and nights range from 18 to 35. The winters tend to have copious precipitation, increasing with elevation and falling mostly as rain under 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in

3773-411: The location at Hyampom, the highest peak was 57,000 cubic feet per second (1,600 m/s) on 22 December 1964, while the lowest was 5,020 cubic feet per second (142 m/s) on 13 February 1962. For Forest Glen, the largest peak was 41,200 cubic feet per second (1,170 m/s) on 22 December 1964, and the lowest was 3,530 cubic feet per second (100 m/s) on 13 February 1962. For thousands of years,

3850-511: The mild coastal climates of Humboldt County relatively nearby. Winters are chilly and wet. Below is climate normals from county seat Weaverville . There are different microclimates in the county as elevations vary. Trinity was a Republican-leaning county in Presidential and congressional elections until recently; now it is a tossup. No Democrat had won the county since Jimmy Carter in 1976 until Barack Obama defeated John McCain by

3927-577: The most populous census tract in the county, with 4558 people. It has 449 square miles, leading to a population density of 10.2 people per square mile. Notable features are the Weaver Basin, the Trinity Alps, Scott Mountains, and the upper Trinity River. Census Tract 2 includes the Downriver area of Trinity County. This means the communities of Junction City, Big Flat, Big Bar, Burnt Ranch, Hawkins Bar, and Salyer. It includes 2024 people, and notable features are

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4004-488: The north, receiving numerous small tributaries which drain a series of steep, forested valleys in the headwaters. At about 4 miles (6.4 km) from its source, the river is crossed by the Humboldt Trail , then it receives north-flowing Shell Mountain Creek,from the west. It also receives Pal Creek, Raspberry Gulch, and Mule Creek. Shortly downstream, the 10-mile (16 km) long East Fork South Fork Trinity River joins from

4081-690: The northernmost quarter of the South Fork Trinity's watershed, was established. By 1954, the Shasta–Trinity National Forest , which covers the vast majority of the South Fork Trinity River's watershed, was established, bringing nearly 70 percent of the South Fork watershed under federal protection. In 1980, the United States Forest Service designated the South Fork National Recreation Trail, which runs from Forest Glen to near its headwaters. In 1964 before

4158-570: The number of known species: Forage fish often make great migrations between their spawning, feeding and nursery grounds. Schools of a particular stock usually travel in a triangle between these grounds. For example, one stock of herrings have their spawning ground in southern Norway , their feeding ground in Iceland and their nursery ground in northern Norway. Wide triangular journeys such as these may be important because forage fish, when feeding, cannot distinguish their own offspring. Capelin are

4235-521: The ocean. Specifically, Lake Nicaragua bull sharks migrate to the Atlantic Ocean and Zambezi bull sharks migrate to the Indian Ocean. Diel vertical migration is a common behavior; many marine species move to the surface at night to feed, then return to the depths during daytime. A number of large marine fishes, such as the tuna , migrate north and south annually, following temperature variations in

4312-551: The ocean. These are of great importance to fisheries . Freshwater (potamodromous) fish migrations are usually shorter, typically from lake to stream or vice versa, for spawning purposes. However, potamodromous migrations of the endangered Colorado pikeminnow of the Colorado River system can be extensive. Migrations to natal spawning grounds can easily be 100 km, with maximum distances of 300 km reported from radiotagging studies. Colorado pikeminnow migrations also display

4389-400: The pollution problem by concentrating it. pollutants from marijuana farms and diversions are the two primary negative factors affecting the South Fork mainstem. Clearing hillsides has accelerated erosion, clouding the water and causing difficulties for steelhead trout and chinook salmon , which once spawned in the river in prodigious numbers. Much of the South Fork Trinity River's watershed

4466-557: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.1% were of German , 13.4% English , 12.1% Irish and 9.5% American ancestry according to Census 2000 . 97.3% spoke English and 1.8% Spanish as their first language. There were 5,587 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who

4543-550: The reasons are unclear. Fish migrations involve movements of schools of fish on a scale and duration larger than those arising during normal daily activities. Some particular types of migration are anadromous , in which adult fish live in the sea and migrate into fresh water to spawn ; and catadromous , in which adult fish live in fresh water and migrate into salt water to spawn. Marine forage fish often make large migrations between their spawning, feeding and nursery grounds. Movements are associated with ocean currents and with

4620-579: The region in search of furs, and later gold. One particular trail crossed through the Yolla Bolly Mountains, then wound down to Hayfork Creek and west to the South Fork Trinity. In the 1930s, hydraulic mining was already taking place at the Swanson Mine near the mouth of the river. Beginning in the late 1940s, logging companies moved into the South Fork Trinity's watershed. It was said that the "big logging started when Pat Veneer came in", referring to

4697-538: The right shows the main spawning grounds and larval drift routes. Capelin on the way to feeding grounds is coloured green, capelin on the way back is blue, and the breeding grounds are red. In a paper published in 2009, researchers from Iceland recount their application of an interacting particle model to the capelin stock around Iceland, successfully predicting the spawning migration route for 2008. The term highly migratory species (HMS) has its origins in Article 64 of

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4774-644: The river and Hayfork Creek, along the Hayfork valley, and along narrow river terraces . There are large parts of the watershed where the ground is composed of stable bedrock , while large portions of hillsides are composed of loose soil and rock. Historically, riverbeds in the watershed were narrow and rocky, but due to vast amounts of silt washed down by poor logging practices, streambeds have become wide, braided, elevated and shallow. The river and its tributaries drain 980 square miles (2,500 km) in Trinity County in

4851-431: The river enters another canyon, receiving Mingo Creek from the west, then veers sharply eastward and then turns sharply north again. The river receives Madden Creek from the west and crosses underneath California State Route 299 . Directly below the bridge, the South Fork flows north into the Trinity River. Over hundreds of millions of years, the westward movement of North America caused it to accrete many terranes from

4928-473: The river sees runs of Coho Salmon and Searun Brown Trout. Download coordinates as: Anadromous fish Fish migration is mass relocation by fish from one area or body of water to another. Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousands of kilometres. Such migrations are usually done for better feeding or to reproduce, but in other cases

5005-513: The river then enters Six Rivers National Forest. Most of the upper and lower Hayfork Creek reaches also are in the Shasta-Trinity forest, while a large amount of private land surrounds its middle reach in Hayfork Valley and the town of Hayfork . Throughout nearly the entire watershed, there are sporadic patches of private lands and Bureau of Land Management -owned lands. The river flows into

5082-404: The ruling of the trial court since Section 10 of the special act of March 30, 1872 (Stats. 1871-2, p. 766), which concerned this boundary and was the act under which Fauntleroy acted under, authorized the survey of the theretofore unknown location of the 40th parallel north, stated that "the lines run out, marked and defined as required by this act are hereby declared to be the true boundary lines of

5159-488: The salmon to get past. Other examples of anadromous fishes are sea trout , three-spined stickleback , sea lamprey and shad . Several Pacific salmon (Chinook, coho and Steelhead) have been introduced into the US Great Lakes, and have become potamodromous, migrating between their natal waters to feeding grounds entirely within fresh water. Remarkable catadromous migrations are made by freshwater eels. Examples are

5236-423: The south and Humboldt County and Trinity County in the north and comprising 34 percent of the 2,853-square-mile (7,390 km) Trinity River watershed. The Hayfork Creek sub-watershed contains 379 square miles (980 km), or 38 percent of the entire South Fork Trinity watershed. Most of the watershed lies on public lands (79 percent), while for Hayfork Creek, 78 percent of its watershed lies on public lands. With

5313-414: The surface to feed at night and sinking to lower layers of the ocean by day. Some fish such as tuna move to the north and south at different times of year following temperature gradients. The patterns of migration are of great interest to the fishing industry. Movements of fish in fresh water also occur; often the fish swim upriver to spawn, and these traditional movements are increasingly being disrupted by

5390-404: The terrain is quite rugged and forested, with the highest point at Mount Eddy , over 9,000 ft (2,700 m). The Klamath Mountains occupy the vast portion of the county. Chancelulla Wilderness Trinity County has a mediterranean climate with very warm, dry and sunny summer days and high diurnal temperature variation due to the cool nights. The hot afternoons form a stark contrast to

5467-468: The terranes—dating to the Cretaceous —which is composed almost entirely of granite, brought with it a strip of mica that roughly aligns with the present course of the South Fork Trinity River. The mica caused the granite to become weaker than the surrounding rock, so this area was subjected to greater erosion that created the valley of the South Fork, the lower Trinity River, and the lower Klamath River. This

5544-540: The valley bottoms, and mostly as snow over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) on the mountainsides. December, January, and February are the wettest. The precipitation ranges from 30 to 35 inches at low elevations isolated from coastal influence, such as Big Bar, Hayfork, and Weaverville, up to 55 or 60 inches at high elevations, on the coastal side of South Fork Mountain, or where gaps in the mountain allow for precipitation to get through. Examples of this last phenomenon include Salyer and Forest Glen. Kalmia Lake, at nearly 7500 feet in

5621-452: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.80. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males. The median income for

5698-455: Was also Perot's best performance in the state in 1996 , although he didn't carry it again. John Anderson also did very well in 1980, as did third-party candidates in 2016 . Trinity County was the only California county where Obama won in 2008 and Joe Biden lost in 2020 . Trinity County is in California's 2nd congressional district , represented by Democrat Jared Huffman . In

5775-403: Was heavily damaged by major flooding, which was exacerbated by erosion caused by mining, logging and ranching. Decades later the South Fork is still considered in the process of recovery. The South Fork Trinity River begins as a small spring on the west slope of Chicago Rock near North Yolla Bolly Mountain , 4,460 feet (1,360 m) above sea level. From there, it flows briefly west and turns to

5852-452: Was performed by Wang et al. (2019) to identify more potential Mx genes that resided in rainbow trout. An additional six Mx genes were identified in that study, now named Mx4-9. They also concluded that the trout Mx genes were "differentially expressed constitutively in tissues" and that this expression is increased during development. The Mx gene family is expressed at high levels in the blood and intestine during development, suggesting they are

5929-406: Was said that the "South Fork is a lost cause, a 'dead river' which will never recover from the devastation of the 1964 storms." Even decades after the flooding, erosion rates in the watershed remain much higher than the pre-1964 average. By the 1970s, anadromous fish populations saw a significant decline as a direct result of siltation. In 1947, Six Rivers National Forest , which encompasses most of

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