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40-524: Coordinates : 52°05′46″N 0°05′13″E / 52.096°N 0.087°E / 52.096; 0.087 [REDACTED] Position within Cambridgeshire 52°05′46″N 0°05′13″E / 52.096°N 0.087°E / 52.096; 0.087 South Cambridgeshire was a rural district in Cambridgeshire , England established in 1934 under
80-4463: A County Review Order as a merger of Linton Rural District and Melbourn Rural District and part of Caxton and Arrington Rural District . In 1965 it became part of the new administrative county of Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely . It was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , and merged with the Chesterton Rural District to form a new South Cambridgeshire district. Parishes [ edit ] Parish From To Notes Abington Pigotts Previously Melbourn RD Arrington Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Babraham Previously Linton RD Balsham Previously Linton RD Barrington Previously Melbourn RD Bartlow Previously Linton RD Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth 1966 Merger of Bassingbourn & Kneesworth Bassingbourn 1966 Previously Melbourn RD Carlton Previously Linton RD Castle Camps Previously Linton RD Croydon Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Duxford Previously Linton RD East Hatley 1957 Previously Caxton and Arrington RD. See Hatley Fowlmere Previously Melbourn RD Foxton Previously Melbourn RD Gamlingay Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Great Abington Previously Linton RD Great and Little Chishill 1968 Merger of Great Chishill & Little Chishill Great Chishill 1968 Previously Melbourn RD Great Eversden Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Guilden Morden Previously Melbourn RD Hatley 1957 Merger of East Hatley, Hatley St George and other parts Hatley St George 1957 Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Heydon Previously Melbourn RD Hildersham Previously Linton RD Hinxton Previously Linton RD Horseheath Previously Linton RD Ickleton Previously Linton RD Kingston Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Kneesworth 1966 Previously Melbourn RD. See Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth Linton Previously Linton RD Litlington Previously Melbourn RD Little Abington Previously Linton RD Little Chishill 1968 Previously Melbourn RD Little Eversden Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Little Gransden Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Longstowe Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Melbourn Previously Melbourn RD Meldreth Previously Melbourn RD Orwell Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Pampisford Previously Linton RD Sawston Previously Linton RD Shepreth Previously Melbourn RD Shingay cum Wendy 1957 Merger of Shingay & Wendy Shingay 1957 Previously Melbourn RD Shudy Camps Previously Linton RD Steeple Morden Previously Melbourn RD Tadlow Previously Caxton and Arrington RD Thriplow Previously Melbourn RD Wendy 1957 Previously Melbourn RD. See Shingay cum Wendy West Wickham Previously Linton RD West Wratting Previously Linton RD Weston Colville Previously Linton RD Whaddon Previously Melbourn RD Whittlesford Previously Linton RD Wimpole Previously Caxton and Arrington RD References [ edit ] ^ "Home" . South Cambs District Council . Retrieved 2021-09-30 . ^ "Local Plan Village Classification Report" (PDF) . ^ "Caxton through time" . visionofbritain . ^ "Cambridgeshire Registration District" . www.ukbmd.org.uk . Retrieved 2021-09-30 . ^ "South Cambridgeshire RD through time; Census tables with data for
120-532: A prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with the full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used
160-478: A church, dedicated to St George , which was first built in 1352. It is a Grade II* listed building . Services take place every two weeks. East Hatley's church, dedicated to St Denis , has been disused since 1980. It is also a Grade II* listed building. Hatley's churches are part of the ecclesiastical parish of Gamlingay with Hatley St George and East Hatley , in the diocese of Ely . There are remnants of ancient woodland: Buff Wood , south-west of East Hatley,
200-646: A little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against
240-416: A location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of
280-535: A longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly,
320-670: A national cartographical organization include the North American Datum , the European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from
360-841: A simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ), the default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by
400-531: A woodland clearing, or 'woodland clearing on the hill'. The spelling Hatelaie was used in the 1086 Domesday Book . The parishes were known as 'Hungry Hatley' by 1218, possibly because the clay soil could not be cultivated effectively until mechanisation in the 20th century. The adjoining parish of Cockayne Hatley , in Bedfordshire , is said to be unconnected to the Cambridgeshire Hatleys. In 1831,
440-500: A year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at
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#1733116014766480-583: Is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b a tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}
520-507: Is a civil parish in South Cambridgeshire , England. It lies between the villages of Gamlingay and Croydon , 12 miles south-west of the city of Cambridge and eight miles south-east of the town of St Neots . In 2001, the population of Hatley parish was 205 people living in 77 households, reducing at the 2011 Census to a population of 181 in 78 households. The Hatley name was in use as early as 986, derived from 'laie' or 'ley',
560-418: Is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system
600-537: Is in the parish and two neighbouring farmers use land in it. There are two main settlements in the parish, connected by a minor road. Hatley St George consists of a row of houses along the Gamlingay-Croydon road. It has a small shop and post office, (subsidised by the estate) a playing field, playground and cricket club. It is presumed that the hamlet's name is derived from that of the St George family, who were
640-711: Is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Hatley, Cambridgeshire Hatley
680-514: Is named, owned land in East Hatley (his grandson, Sir George Downing, 3rd Baronet , founded Downing College). Historically, East Hatley housed local farm labourers. Now, few agricultural workers live there and it has been described as a 'small, middle-class commuter settlement'. The houses are mainly privately owned but there are three council-owned bungalows. There is little interaction between East Hatley and Hatley St George. Hatley village hall
720-540: Is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at
760-731: Is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as the French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines
800-405: Is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations
840-489: The Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In the 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from
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#1733116014766880-502: The Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and
920-574: The Gamlingay electoral division. It is represented at the House of Commons as part of the South Cambridgeshire constituency. Hatley is 12 miles south-west of the county town of Cambridge and 45 miles north of London. The elevation ranges between 55 and 79 metres (180–260 feet) above sea level. The soil is clay subsoil with boulder clay . The parish covers an area of 958 hectares. Around half of
960-704: The Local Government District" . A Vision of Britain through Time . GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth . Retrieved 10 June 2017 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Cambridgeshire_Rural_District&oldid=1177250528 " Categories : History of Cambridgeshire Districts of England abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS )
1000-632: The estate in 2007; a number of people work for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds , whose headquarters is nearby at Sandy, Bedfordshire . At the time of the 2001 census, 17.7% of Hatley residents were self-employed, 2.1% were unemployed and 4% were employed in agriculture. In addition to the two churches, two buildings in Hatley parish are listed : Hatley Park Lodge and model farm buildings at Church Farm, Hatley St George. Hatley St George has
1040-460: The far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana ,
1080-466: The land in Hatley parish belongs to the Hatley Park Estate. 76% of land is used for crops or fallow land; 9.5% is covered by grass, 4.9% by woodland and 7.1% by set-aside . Wheat, barley and rapeseed are grown. In summer, the estate's parkland is grazed by beef cattle and by sheep in winter. The yard at Church Farm, owned by the estate, has been converted to small business units. One other farm
1120-415: The length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand the distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get
1160-473: The motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to) the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on
1200-516: The one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm
1240-587: The population of the parish of Hatley St George was 105 people. At the time of the census in 1921, it was 67 people. The parish was established in 1957 when the parish of Hatley St George was united with East Hatley. Hatley Parish Council comprises five elected members (a chairman, vice-chairman and three others) and a clerk. The parish is represented on the South Cambridgeshire District Council by one councillor for The Mordens ward and on Cambridgeshire County Council by one councillor for
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1280-548: The principal landowners from the 13th century to 1658. Hatley St George is an 'estate village' – Hatley Park Estate owns all the houses except for five. About a third are used for current and retired estate workers, with the others rented out. East Hatley is a row of houses along a smaller road. It was formerly known as Castell Hatley. In 1929, the hamlet was owned by the Master and Fellows of Downing College , Cambridge . Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet , after whom Downing Street
1320-520: The proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with the International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and
1360-430: The same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because the location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection
1400-646: The same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding the length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text
1440-486: The shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for a region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using
1480-458: The surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface
1520-445: The width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!} is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi }
1560-532: Was built by the estate in 1960. It was run as a social club before it became financially unviable, closing in 2005, and is now run by the Parish Council. Around one-third of the parish is occupied by Hatley Park , an area of private landscaped parkland south of the road, formerly owned by Sir John Astor MBE . At the time of the 2001 census , the population of Hatley parish was 205 people living in 77 households. The ethnic group of 98.6% of Hatley residents
1600-505: Was white and 1.4% Asian or Asian British. 73.7% described themselves as Christian. Hatley has a high rate of in-migration and commuting, and retains economically strong farming activities. Hatley Park once employed most Hatley St George residents. There was formerly a Thoroughbred stud farm in Hatley Park, employing 15 people, but it is now a livery yard staffed by two for most of the year. Seven Hatley St George residents were employed on
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