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62-853: The South African Permanent Force, created in 1913 as the Permanent Force and re-designated with effect from 23 February 1923, included the South African Field Artillery (SAFA), and the South African Permanent Garrison Artillery (SAPGA). The SAPGA had begun operations some time before, when the coastal defences of the Cape Peninsula (manned by the Cape Garrison Artillery ) had been handed over to South Africa in December 1921. In Proclamation No. 246 of 1934,

124-582: A 2005 revival initiative, the regiment now has become active in key initiatives such as Force Preparation, Force Support and Force Training, which are some of the current main focus areas of the South African National Defence Force. The regiment is housed in Fort Wynyard . In December 2005, the regiment began an unofficial initiative to save the Fort from further decay. In 2012 the sinking of

186-457: A Masonic conspiracy had been involved. In its book review, The Guardian stated that "most historians put the police's failure to catch the Ripper down to incompetence" but did not specifically name Warren in this context. Warren finally had enough of criticism and resigned – coincidentally right before the murder of Mary Jane Kelly on 9 November 1888. But he agreed to stay on until his successor

248-580: A bout of influenza , at his home in Weston-super-Mare , Somerset , was given a military funeral in Canterbury , and was buried in the churchyard at Westbere , Kent , next to his wife. A biography of him was published in 1941 by his son-in-law the Revd Watkin Wynn Williams. Warren was played by Basil Henson in the 1973 miniseries Jack the Ripper . He was played by Anthony Quayle in

310-497: A civil style police operation. The Metropolitan Police was in a bad state when Warren took over, suffering from Henderson's inactivity over the past few years. Economic conditions in London were bad, leading to demonstrations. He was concerned for his men's welfare, but much of this went unheeded. His men found him rather aloof, although he generally had good relations with his superintendents. At Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee in 1887,

372-599: A shore station. However, one round brought her to, and she was identified. Many troops of the CGA were released for service in North Africa and Italy . In 1951, the Cape Garrison Artillery batteries were renamed "coast regiments". 5th Heavy Battery was disbanded, but 1 Coast Regiment (CGA) , 2 Coast Regiment (CGA) and 8 Coast Regiment (CGA) were transferred to the newly formed South African Corps of Marines , which

434-475: Is still unknown. Up to that time, and for some time into the 20th century, the heads of Scotland Yard were selected from the ranks of the military. In Warren's case, he may have been selected in part by his involvement in discovering the fate of Professor Palmer's expedition into the Sinai in 1883. If so there may have been a serious error regarding his "police work" in that case, as it was a military investigation and not

496-654: The Autshumato Anti-Aircraft Regiment , and have 3 years to design and implement new regimental insignia. In 1905, the original CGA was presented by a King's Colour in recognition of its service in the Anglo-Boer War. The Unit saw service in the Transkei in 1880 during the Basutoland Rebellion In 1927, the original CGA was awarded the battle honour "South West Africa 1915" for its service in

558-706: The Cape Garrison Artillery ) is a reserve air defence artillery regiment of the South African Army . The original regiment had a fragmented history: A new unit, called the Cape Town Volunteer Engineers was formed in the Cape Colonial Forces in 1879. It served in the Transkei campaign in 1880 and 1881. In 1889, it added a coast artillery company, and the title was later changed to Garrison Artillery & Engineer Volunteer Corps . Engineering

620-687: The Governor General of the Union of South Africa merged the two organisations with effect from 1 September 1934 and created one Corps titled the South African Artillery (SAA) (see South African Army corps and branches ). Nine field regiments, two medium regiments, and three anti-tank regiments served in North Africa and Italy during the Second World War . 1st Medium Regiment SAA (SAHA) was formed briefly from 1 October 1939 - July 1941, when it

682-640: The Holy Land or Biblical Palestine. During the PEF Survey of Palestine he conducted one of the first major excavations at the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, thereby ushering in a new age of Biblical archaeology. His most significant discovery was a water shaft, now known as Warren's Shaft , and a series of tunnels underneath the Temple Mount. Warren and his team also improved the topographic map of Jerusalem and made

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744-545: The Johannesburg Regiment in 1960. 10 Artillery Brigade South Africa, was active with 4 and 14 Regiments since 1983, and 14 Artillery Regiment disbanded on January 1, 1993. The army's reorganisation after the creation of the new South African National Defence Force was lengthy. The SA Army Office was established. The Corps were restructured with Regular and Reserve Regiments under command. The so-called “Type Formations” were established which assumed responsibility for

806-715: The Orange Free State . For this work, he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1877. In the Transkei War (1877–78), he commanded the Diamond Fields Horse and was badly wounded at Perie Bush. For this service, he was mentioned in despatches and promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel . He was then appointed special commissioner to investigate "native questions" in Bechuanaland and commanded

868-534: The Quatuor Coronati Lodge . From 1861 to 1865, Warren worked on surveying Gibraltar . During this time he surveyed the Rock of Gibraltar using trigonometry and with the support of Major-General Frome , he created two 8 metres (26 ft) long scale detailed models of Gibraltar. One of these was kept at Woolwich , but the other, which survives, is on display at Gibraltar Museum . These models not only depicted

930-656: The Royal Military Academy at Woolwich (1855–57). On 27 December 1857, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers . On 1 September 1864, he married Fanny Margaretta Haydon (died 1919); they had two sons and two daughters. Warren was a devout Anglican and an enthusiastic Freemason , becoming the third District Grand Master of the Eastern Archipelago in Singapore and the founding Master of

992-595: The SS Mendi was commemorated at the University of Cape Town , with a memorial service hosted by the Cape Garrison Artillery. The regiment became part of the South African Army Air Defence Artillery Formation which was formed in 1999. In August 2019, 52 Reserve Force units had their names changed to reflect the diverse military history of South Africa. The Cape Garrison Artillery became

1054-613: The Second Anglo-Boer War in 1899. Initially the Regiment had 373 members, but the figure increased to 560 (with some recruits arriving from overseas) by February 1900. During 1900 the CGA was mainly used on the main western railway line of Cape Colony, as well as west of that line, assisting in garrisoning important posts. A small number of CGA members were also under the command of Sir Charles Warren in Griqualand West . Parts of

1116-665: The Second Boer War was criticised, but he achieved considerable success during his long life in his military and civil posts. Warren was born in Bangor , Gwynedd , Wales , the son of Major-General Sir Charles Warren. He was educated at Bridgnorth Grammar School and Wem Grammar School in Shropshire . He also attended Cheltenham College for one term in 1854, from which he went to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and then

1178-452: The 1979 film Murder by Decree , which features the characters of Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson in a dramatisation of a conspiracy theory concerning the Ripper case. In the 1988 made-for-TV mini-series Jack the Ripper , which followed the same conspiracy theory as Murder by Decree , he was played by Hugh Fraser . The mini-series shows his final act as commissioner ordering lead detective Fred Abberline to suppress his findings on

1240-821: The Artillery . In the annual report for the 2013-14 fiscal year, the SANDF reported the development of artillery cooperation and the establishment of the Namibian Army School of Artillery. The SA Army assisted the Namibian Defence Force with the development of courses and ultimately the establishment of the Namibian School of Artillery . The Formation uses the following equipment, among others: To be acquired: 11 Field Postal Unit Cape Garrison Artillery The Autshumato Anti-Aircraft Regiment (formerly

1302-681: The German South-West Africa Campaign. The unit assembled in 1940 for service in Abyssinia, the Middle East and Italy and consisted of two heavy battery's and an anti aircraft battery. The unit also saw service in early 1976 and took part in Operation Askari in 1984. 11 Field Postal Unit Charles Warren General Sir Charles Warren , GCMG , KCB , FRS (7 February 1840 – 21 January 1927)

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1364-531: The Home Office and allowed him to keep command of Special Branch , which was his particular interest. Robert Anderson was appointed Assistant Commissioner (Crime) and Superintendent Adolphus Williamson was appointed Chief Constable (CID). Both men were encouraged to liaise with Monro behind Warren's back. Colonel Warren's biggest difficulty was the Jack the Ripper case. In his book, Abberline: The Man Who Hunted Jack

1426-830: The Northern Border Expedition troops in quelling the rebellion there. In 1879, he became Administrator of Griqualand West. The town Warrenton in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa is named after him. In 1880, Warren returned to England to become Chief Instructor in Surveying at the School of Military Engineering. He held this post until 1884, but it was interrupted in 1882, when the Admiralty sent him to Sinai to discover what had happened to Professor Edward Henry Palmer 's archaeological expedition. He discovered that

1488-636: The PEF published a large portfolio of 50 of Warren’s maps, plans and drawings titled Plans, Elevations, Sections, etc., Shewing the Results of the Excavations at Jerusalem, 1867–70 (now known as the 'Warren Atlas')." He served briefly at Dover and then at the School of Gunnery at Shoeburyness (1871–73). In 1876, the Colonial Office appointed him special commissioner to survey the boundary between Griqualand West and

1550-534: The Ripper , author Peter Thurgood indicates that Warren was criticised during the investigation. He was blamed for failing to track down the killer, accused of failing to offer a reward for information (although that plan was actually rejected by the Home Office ), accused of assigning an inadequate number of investigators (patently untrue) and favouring uniformed constables instead of detectives (probably untrue). In response, Warren wrote an article outlining his views and

1612-727: The River Medway against the Royal Navy . The Sapper teams were drawn from members of the Submarine Mining School, but when the service was disbanded in 1905, the tradition of cutter rowing was continued by the fieldwork squads. The REYC continues to compete against the Royal Navy Sailing Association annually to this day. The club developed and became the Royal Engineer Yacht Club in 1846, making it one of

1674-450: The SACM was disbanded in 1955, 50, 51 and 52 Anti-Aircraft Batteries were amalgamated to form 4 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment . In 1960, 4 HAA was affiliated to the University of Cape Town under a new system designed to enable students to co-ordinate their studies and their military training. The regiment was renamed University of Cape Town Regiment . Although the "university regiment" system

1736-470: The Temple Mount , provided more specifics about Warren's work, as summarised in a book review. "... he concentrated on excavating shafts down beneath the ground to the level of the lower parts of the external Temple Mount walls, recording the different types of stonework he encountered at different levels and other features, such as Robinson’s Arch on the western side and the Herodian street below it. ... in 1884

1798-593: The creation of the Boy Scout movement. He was also involved with another group, the Church Lads' Brigade and 1st St Lawrence Scout Group, then called 1st Ramsgate – Sir Charles Warren's Own Scouts He had previously authored several books on Biblical archaeology, particularly Jerusalem, and also wrote " On Veldt in the Seventies ", and " The Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures ". He died of pneumonia , brought on by

1860-575: The desire of the Assistant Commissioner (Crime) , James Monro , to remain effectively independent of the Commissioner and also supported the Receiver , the force's chief financial officer, who continually clashed with Warren. Home Office Permanent Secretary Godfrey Lushington did not get on with Warren either. Warren was pilloried in the press for his extravagant dress uniform, his concern for

1922-624: The development of cutter rowing teams. Construction of a canal linking the Thames and Medway rivers in 1824 gave the Royal Engineers an inland waterway to practice these skills, with the officer responsible for the canal drawn from the Corps of Royal Engineers. In 1899 as General Officer Commanding the Thames and Medway Canal , General Sir Charles Warren presented a challenge shield for a championship cutter race on

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1984-614: The disaster. Farwell highlighted Warren's fixation with the army's oxen and his view that Hlangwane Hill was the key to Colenso. Farwell suggested Warren was "perhaps the worst" of the British generals in the Boer War and certainly the most "preposterous". He was described by Redvers Buller in a letter to his wife as "a duffer", responsible for losing him "a great chance". Warren was recalled to Britain in August 1900 and never again commanded troops in

2046-567: The expedition members had been robbed and murdered, located their remains, and brought their killers to justice. For this, he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) on 24 May 1883 and was also awarded an Order of the Medjidie, Third Class by the Egyptian government. In 1883, he was also made a Knight of Justice of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem , and in June 1884 he

2108-460: The expedition would be published later as "The survey of Western Palestine-Jerusalem" (1884), written with C.R. Conder. Other books by Warren about the area include "The Recovery of Jerusalem" (1871), "Underground Jerusalem" (1876) and "The Land of Promise" (1875). Warren's most significant contribution is his exploration of a subterranean shaft in Jerusalem and which is now named after him, viz ., Warren's Shaft . A 2013 publication, The Walls of

2170-416: The facts for Murray's Magazine ; the article also indicated that he favoured vigilante activity in finding the Ripper. He was censured by the Home Office for revealing the workings of the police department and for writing an article without permission. As recently as 2015, a book about the Ripper case by Bruce Robinson castigated Warren as a "lousy cop" and suggested that a "huge establishment cover-up" and

2232-400: The field. He was, however, appointed Honorary Colonel of the 1st Gloucestershire Royal Engineers (Volunteers) in November 1901, promoted general in 1904 and became Colonel-Commandant of the Royal Engineers in 1905. A book by South African author Owen Coetzer attempted "in a small way to vindicate him" for his Boer War actions. From 1908, Warren became involved with Baden-Powell in

2294-405: The first excavations of Tell es-Sultan , site of biblical city of Jericho . Some of the sites listed on Warren's topographic map, particularly that of Acra (where he places it in the Upper City, contrary to Josephus who places it in the Lower City), have since been corrected and updated. In 1870, Warren returned to Britain, where he began writing a book about archaeology. His findings from

2356-401: The first holder of the latter post should be a friend of his, Melville Macnaghten , but Warren opposed his appointment on the grounds that during a riot in Bengal Macnaghten had been "beaten by Hindoos", as he put it. This grew into a major row between Warren and Monro, with both men offering their resignation to the Home Secretary. Matthews accepted Monro's resignation, but simply moved him to

2418-464: The local Tswana tribes. Becoming known as the Warren Expedition , the force of 4,000 British and local troops headed north from Cape Town , accompanied by the first three observation balloons ever used by the British Army in the field. The expedition achieved its aims without bloodshed, and Warren was recalled in September 1885 and appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) on 4 October 1885. In November-December

2480-413: The most senior yacht clubs in the United Kingdom. The REYC continues to this day, operating three club yachts and competing on behalf of the Corps at races around the world. The club is one of the oldest sports clubs in the British Army. On the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, he returned to the colours to command the 5th Division of the South African Field Force . The decision to give command to Warren

2542-432: The police received considerable adverse publicity after Miss Elizabeth Cass , an apparently respectable young seamstress, was (possibly) mistakenly arrested for soliciting , and was vocally supported by her employer in the courts. To make matters worse, Colonel Warren, a Liberal , did not get along with Conservative Home Secretary Henry Matthews , appointed a few months after he became Commissioner. Matthews supported

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2604-436: The provisioning of combat-ready forces to be employed under the direction of Joint Operations Division . The South African Artillery re-organised itself into the South African Army Artillery Formation, directed by the SA Army Artillery Formation Headquarters. The South African Army Artillery Formation HQ was established in April 1999. The GOC Artillery Formation is responsible for managing the appointment of Master Gunners of

2666-443: The quality of his men's boots (a sensible concern considering they walked up to 20 miles a day, but one which was derided as a military obsession with kit), and his reintroduction of drill . The radical press completely turned against him after Bloody Sunday on 13 November 1887, when a demonstration in Trafalgar Square was broken up by 4,000 police officers on foot, 300 infantrymen and 600 mounted police and Life Guards . Warren

2728-404: The rank of Major-General in 1893 remaining in Singapore until 1895. After returning to England, he commanded the Thames District from 1895 to 1898, when he was promoted to lieutenant general in 1897 and was moved to the Reserve List. Watermanship being one of the many skills required of the Sapper led to the formation of a sailing club at the School of Military Engineering in 1812 and later to

2790-420: The regiment also joined Kitchener's Horse. Elements of the CGA were also involved in the attack on Jacobsdal on 25 October 1900. During 1901 detachments of the regiment were often stationed alongside the Cape Town Highlanders as well as other local troops in the west of Cape Colony and other areas, up to the German South-West Africa border. Other actions that elements of the CHA were involved in during

2852-446: The same year he stood in the general election for election to Parliament as an independent Liberal candidate in the Sheffield Hallam constituency with a radical manifesto. He lost by 690 votes. In 1885, Warren was appointed commander at Suakin in 1886. A few weeks after he arrived, however, he was appointed Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis following Sir Edmund Henderson's resignation. The exact rationale for his selection

2914-471: The shape of The Rock and harbour but also every road and building on the surface. From 1865 to 1867, he was an assistant instructor in surveying at the School of Military Engineering in Chatham . He was promoted captain for this work. In 1867, Warren was recruited by the Palestine Exploration Fund to conduct Biblical archaeology "reconnaissance" with a view of further research and excavation to be undertaken later in Ottoman Syria , but more specifically

2976-431: The successful conclusion of the South-West Africa Campaign, many members of the CGA joined the Heavy Artillery Brigade of the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force , which served with great distinction in France and was later commemorated by the South African Heavy Artillery memorial below the Union Buildings in Pretoria . From 1916 until the war ended, the CGA as such manned the Cape Peninsula defences. Between

3038-411: The threat posed by Japan. Among the new units that were formed were 50 Anti-Aircraft Battery at Saldanha Bay, 51 Anti-Aircraft Battery in Cape Town, and 52 Anti-Aircraft Battery in Simon's Town. These units were controlled by the South African Air Force until 1949, when they were transferred to the Army. In 1951, the anti-aircraft units were transferred to the new South African Corps of Marines. When

3100-446: The two world wars, the CGA was closely linked with the South African Permanent Garrison Artillery. The approach of World War II led to the expansion of the South African military and in 1934 the Cape Garrison Artillery became 1 Heavy Battery (CGA) (in Cape Town) and 2 Heavy Battery (CGA) (in Simon's Town). They formed part of the Coast Artillery Brigade (later called the Cape Peninsula Artillery Brigade). A 5th Heavy Battery (CGA)

3162-410: The war were: Brugspruit (October 1900), Wonderfontein (February 1901), Naauwpoort (February 1901), Mafeking (November 1901), Omkyk (January 1902), Okiep (April 1902) and Daspoort near Pretoria (May 1902). On 30 June 1902 the unit was demobilised, although it continued as a part-time volunteer unit. In 1904 Princess Christian presented the unit with a Kings Colour in Cape Town. The CGA

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3224-425: Was an officer in the British Royal Engineers . He was one of the earliest European archaeologists of the Biblical Holy Land , and particularly of the Temple Mount . Much of his military service was spent in British South Africa. Previously he was Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis , the head of the London Metropolitan Police , from 1886 to 1888 during the Jack the Ripper murders. His command in combat during

3286-404: Was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 7 January 1888. Later that year he renamed the four District Superintendents (ranking between the Superintendents and the Assistant Commissioners and each in charge of a group of divisions ) Chief Constables , adding a Chief Constable at the head of the Met's Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in 1889. Monro insisted that

3348-405: Was broken up in Egypt to provide replacements for the field regiments of the SAA. It was reformed with headquarters at Cape Town from 1 January 1946. It was transferred from Cape Town and out of Cape Command to Oudtshoorn from 31 December 1953, but was then disbanded after a Citizen Force reorganisation on 1 March 1960. From 1 July 1951 8 Field Regiment SAA was active, but was redesignated

3410-399: Was directed by the Navy. The SACM also controlled anti-aircraft units, and when the SACM disbanded in 1955, the anti-aircraft units were transferred to the Army, and the coast regiments were taken over by the Navy. The three CGA units were renamed SAS Ubique , SAS Diaz , and SAS Malgas . They were disbanded in 1958. South African home defences were strengthened during 1942, as a result of

3472-404: Was discontinued in 1896, and the title was then changed to Cape Garrison Artillery . The commanding officer of the unit at that time was Major le Vicomte de Montfort. The Regiment had an authorised strength of 320 men and was trained by the Royal Garrison Artillery. In 1898 the CGA was changed to a partially paid unit and thus lost its volunteer status. The CGA was mobilized for participation in

3534-424: Was discontinued when national service conscription was introduced in 1968, UCTR retained its name until 1974, when it was allowed to adopt the name of the former Cape Garrison Artillery . The CGA served in the Border War in the 1970s and 1980s under the command of 7 South African Infantry Division . Since the end of conscription in 1993, it has been a volunteer unit again, as part of the Reserve Force . Since

3596-437: Was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS). In December 1884, by now a lieutenant-colonel , Warren was sent as HM Special Commissioner to command a military expedition to Bechuanaland, to assert British sovereignty in the face of encroachments from Germany and the Transvaal , and to suppress the Boer freebooter states of Stellaland and Goshen , which were backed by the Transvaal and were stealing land and cattle from

3658-421: Was embodied in the Coast Garrison Force of the Union Defence Force in 1913 as the 1st Division, South African Garrison Artillery (CGA) . CGA manned batteries at Sea Point , Fort Wynyard and the Castle of Good Hope in Cape Town as well as at "Noah's Ark" and other batteries at Simon's Town . Members of the CGA served with the Heavy Artillery Brigade in the German South-West Africa Campaign in 1915. On

3720-477: Was formed in 1938/39 to man the new batteries on Robben Island . The batteries were mobilised on the outbreak of World War II in 1939, and manned the Cape coast defences throughout the war. An 8th Heavy Battery (CGA) was formed at Saldanha Bay in 1942. No South African port was actually attacked during the war; the only instance of a shot being fired in anger was when the Portuguese frigate Alfonse d'Albuquerque did not respond to signals when she passed

3782-425: Was in place and continued in post until 1 December. He then returned to his army career. Nearly every superintendent on the force visited him at home to express their regret over his resignation. One attendee praised Warren for his thoughtfulness and his caring for the men in his command. Warren returned to military duties and in 1889 was sent to command the garrison in Singapore , with a simultaneous promotion to

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3844-529: Was surprising. By then, Warren was 59 years old, was said to have a "disagreeable temper", had little recent experience leading troops in battle and did not get along with his superior, General Sir Redvers Buller . In January 1900, Warren bungled the second attempted relief of Ladysmith , which was a west flanking movement over the Tugela River . At the Battle of Spion Kop , on 23–24 January 1900, he had operational command, and his failures of judgment, delay and indecision despite his superior forces culminated in

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