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22-605: The name "Sonnar" is derived from the German word " Sonne ", meaning sun. It was originally a tradename owned by Nettel Camerawerke  [ de ] in Sontheim am Neckar  [ de ] for a f /4.5 Tessar -like lens. Sontheim's coat of arms includes a symbol of the sun. Nettel merged with August Nagel 's Contessa Camerawerke  [ de ] in 1919. The resulting Contessa-Nettel  [ de ] AG in Stuttgart

44-483: A normal lens with a focal length approximately the same as the frame diagonal, the Sonnar design has been extended to longer and shorter focal lengths. For example, the first Zeiss Biogon , a wide-angle lens for rangefinder cameras with a focal length of 35 mm, was derived by Bertele in 1934 from the improved 1932 Sonnar . However, the Sonnar design is incompatible with Single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs) due to

66-438: A full aperture with the same sharpness and contrast as on smaller apertures. The coverage of these lenses was also not as good as many similar focal length lenses which limited the use of camera movements, although movements are not generally too important for portrait work. The Sonnar design has been extensively copied by other lens manufacturers, due to its excellent sharpness, low production cost and fast speed . For example,

88-509: A series of lenses for a certain picture format. Sonne [REDACTED] Look up Sonne  or sonne in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sonne may refer to: Surname [ edit ] Alma Sonne (1884–1977), general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) Brett Sonne (born 1989), Canadian professional ice hockey centre for Dornbirner EC of

110-470: Is a medium or large format view camera that was predominantly used by press photographers in the early to mid-20th century. It was largely replaced for press photography by 35mm film cameras in the 1960s, and subsequently, by digital cameras. The quintessential press camera was the Speed Graphic . Press cameras are still used as portable and rugged view cameras. Press cameras were widely used from

132-526: The Goerz and Van Neck , used the 9×12cm format, marginally smaller than the 4"×5" format. The press camera is still used as a portable medium or large format film camera for photojournalism and among fine art photographers who use it as a low cost, more portable alternative to a view camera . In news photography, the press camera has been largely supplanted by the smaller formats of 120 film and 135 film , and more recently by digital cameras . The advantage of

154-496: The Ihagee Zweiverschluss ( "two shutters" ) Duplex are examples of press cameras that had both focal plane and iris shutters. The most common sheet film size for press cameras was the 4×5 inch film format . Models have also been produced for the 2.25×3.25 inch format (6×9 cm), 3.25×4.25 inch format and various 120 film formats from 6×6 cm. through 6×12 cm. European press cameras, such as

176-406: The Sonnar with seven elements in three groups, allowing a maximum aperture of f /1.5 . Compared to Planar designs the Sonnar had more aberrations , but with fewer glass-to-air surfaces it had better contrast and less flare. Though compared to the earlier Tessar design, its faster aperture and lower chromatic aberration was a significant improvement. Although initially developed as

198-626: The 10.5 and 13.5 cm lenses later were slightly modified for the Nikon F mount SLR cameras. A zoom lens derivative of the Sonnar, the Vario-Sonnar also exists, in which a number of lens groups are replaced with floating pairs of lens groups. The Vario-Sonnar is a Carl Zeiss photographic lens design named in relation to the Zeiss Sonnar. This lens type has a variable focal length which can replace

220-408: The 1900s through the early 1960s and commonly have the following features: Some models have both a focal plane shutter and an iris lens shutter . The focal plane shutter allows for fast shutter speeds and the use of lenses which do not have an integral shutter (known as a barrel lens), while the iris shutter allows for flash synchronization at any speed. The Graphlex Speed Graphic models and

242-615: The 1912 Summer Olympics Niels Henry Sonne (1907–1994), noted librarian, a rare book curator, and expert on the Gutenberg Bible Ole Christian Saxtorph Sonne (1859–1941), Danish government minister and speaker of the Landsting, a chamber of the parliament Petrine Sonne (1870–1946), Danish stage and film actress Vic Carmen Sonne (born 1994), Danish actress Other [ edit ] Sonne (album) , by Schiller, 2012 " Sonne (Schiller song) ,

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264-627: The 35mm format for both SLR cameras and rangefinders, such as the Sonnar T* 2.8/90 for Contax G cameras. Sonnar portrait lenses also are supplied for larger cameras, most notably the 150 mm and 250 mm lenses for the medium format Hasselblad V-system. Some portrait Sonnar lenses also were made for large format cameras, typically found on technical and press cameras made by Linhof – e.g., Sonnar 1:5.6 250 mm for 9×12 cm (4×5") format. Though these lenses were quite heavy (> 2 kg) and large, they were optimised for working on

286-417: The 4×5 inch format over 35 mm format is that the size of the film negative is 16 times that of a 35 mm film negative image. Press cameras were largely superseded by the 6x6cm medium format Rolleiflex in the early to mid-1960s and later by 35 mm rangefinder or single-lens reflex cameras . The smaller formats gained acceptance as film technology advanced and quality of the smaller negatives

308-645: The Austrian Hockey League (EBEL) Carl Olaf Sonne (1882-1948), Danish bacteriologist and parasitologist Heinrich Sonne (1917–2011), highly decorated Hauptsturmführer in the Waffen-SS during World War II Isaiah Sonne (1887–1960), Austrian-born Jewish historian and bibliographer Jørgen Sonne (painter) (1801–1890), Danish painter best known for his battle paintings Jørgen Sonne (writer) (1925–2015), Danish lyricist and writer Karl Sonne (1890–1938), Swedish track and field athlete who competed in

330-718: The Soviet factory KMZ produced several lenses that used the Sonnar formula: The KMZ Jupiter 3 , Jupiter-8 , and Jupiter-9 are direct copies of the Zeiss Sonnar 1:1.5 50 mm, 1:2.0 50 mm, and 1:2.0 85 mm, respectively. Some early rangefinder lenses manufactured by Nikon also used the Sonnar design, including the Nikkor-H·C 5 cm f /2 (1946), Nikkor-S·C 8.5 cm f /1.5 (1952), Nikkor-P·C 8.5 cm f /2 (1948), Nikkor-P·C 10.5 cm f /2.5 (1949), and Nikkor-Q·C 13.5 cm f /4 (1946);

352-478: The space taken up by an SLR's mirror. For this reason it has been used most commonly in the portrait lens class, starting with the "Olympia" Sonnar of 1936, built as a 2.8/180 mm lens for the Contax rangefinder cameras . For 35mm film cameras, the portrait lens focal lengths span the range approximately from 85 to 180 mm (1.5–4× the "normal lens" focal length). Sonnar portrait lenses have been released for

374-509: The title Sonne . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonne&oldid=1246423476 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Press camera A press camera

396-535: The title song "Sonne" (Rammstein song) , 2001 "Sonne" (Farin Urlaub song) , 2005 RV Sonne , a German research vessel retired in 2014 RV Sonne (2014) , a German research vessel Sonne (navigation) , a World War II-era radio navigation system also known as Consol See also [ edit ] Son (disambiguation) Sun (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

418-427: Was deemed acceptable by picture editors. The smaller cameras generally offered lenses with faster maximum apertures and by the nature of their smaller size, were easier to transport and use. The bulk and weight of the camera itself, as well as the size of the film holders (two pictures per film holder), limited the number of exposures photographers could make on an assignment; this was less of an issue with 12 exposures on

440-523: Was later simplified to two positive elements in the 1924 German Ernostar patent. In 1926, the Ernemann Company was acquired by Zeiss-Ikon and Bertele continued developing his designs under Zeiss. The first Zeiss Sonnar , patented in 1929, was a f /2.0 50 mm lens with six elements in three groups and released with the Zeiss Contax I rangefinder camera in 1932. In 1931, Bertele reformulated

462-576: Was modified in 1916 by Charles C. Minor, who added a positive meniscus element to increase the maximum aperture to f /1.9 , which was marketed as the Gundlach Ultrastigmat . In parallel, Bertele designed the f /2.0 Ernostar lens, which was released in 1919 with the Ermanox camera. Bertele's Ernostar used two cemented doublets in lieu of the two positive elements in Minor's Ultrastigmat , but this

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484-474: Was one of the companies that merged to form the Zeiss Ikon AG in 1926. When the modern Zeiss lens was designed by Bertele, Zeiss re-used the old Nettel tradename in order to build on the sun association to emphasize on the lens' large aperture ( f /2.0 ), which was much greater than many other lenses available at the time. The Cooke triplet anastigmat , designed by Dennis Taylor and patented in 1893,

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