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46-467: Under cover the group contacted people who were anti-Nazi, through whom they infiltrated the Norwegian resistance movement . After a period of active work in the resistance group, both to gather information and build trust, the network was rolled up and the participants arrested and interrogated. These kinds of infiltration operations were called "provocation business", to expedite action and subsequently arrest

92-473: A garrison . The area of population east of the river called Leiret (literally the camp ) adjacent to Christiansfjeld Fortress was built up by soldiers as well as the merchants and craftsmen who settled nearby. The central areas of the town of Elverum on the east side of the river is referred to as Leiret. In 1878, Terningmoen at Elverum became the home base for the Oppland Regiment and an infantry school

138-418: A German if it could be avoided (many pretended to speak no German , though it was then almost as prevalent as English is now) and refusing to sit beside a German on public transport . The latter was so annoying to the occupying German authorities that it became illegal to stand on a bus if seats were available. Nazi authorities (both German and Norwegian) attempted to pressure school teachers into supporting

184-539: A formal position within the occupation. He used these powers to enable interrogation by harsher means. Before this, he had reported resistance people to contact the German officers Gerhard Flesch and Walter Gemmecke , so that they were arrested, tortured and possibly killed, or put in concentration camps. Rinnan himself used a variety of aliases. From September 1943 the group had a base at Jonsvannsveien 46 in Trondheim, after

230-523: A small sabotage unit and ended up building a full military force in time for the liberation. Company Linge was a special operations unit that specialised in coastal insertions and combat. There were repeated raids in Lofoten , Måløy , and other coastal areas. Norwegian spotters aided in the destruction of numerous German warships , such as the battleships Bismarck and Tirpitz . The Norwegian resistance also smuggled people in and out of Norway during

276-505: A vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Østre Innlandet District Court and the Eidsivating Court of Appeal . The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Elverum is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Elverum: During

322-414: Is 17.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (46/sq mi) and its population has increased by 6% over the previous 10-year period. The parish of Elverum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The borders have not changed since that time. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after the old Elverum farm ( Old Norse : Alfarheimr ) since

368-428: Is as of 2014 still standing and used as an otherwise normal residential house. Norwegian resistance movement [REDACTED] Nazi Germany The Norwegian resistance ( Norwegian : Motstandsbevegelsen ) to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms: The Norwegian government of Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold , with

414-669: Is believed that the group killed more than 80 people. In spring 1945 part of the group tried to flee to Sweden with hostages, but was stopped and arrested five kilometres from the border. A legal purge against the group unfolded during 1945 and 1946, and resulted in seven life sentences and 12 death sentences, of which two were later converted to life sentences. Ten men were executed (Rinnan, Bjarne Jenshus, Aksel Mære, Harry Rønning, Harry Hofstad, Olaus Hamrun, Per Bergeen, Kristian Randal, Harald Grøtte and Hans Egeberg). Many female members were sentenced to prison terms of up to life imprisonment. The Rinnan gang's former base at Jonsvannsveien 46

460-482: Is bordered on the north by Åmot municipality, in the northeast by Trysil municipality, in the southeast by Våler municipality, and in the west by Løten municipality. The 1,229-square-kilometre (475 sq mi) municipality is the 87th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Elverum is the 57th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 21,568. The municipality's population density

506-463: Is located in the traditional district of Østerdalen . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Elverum . Other settlements in the municipality include Heradsbygd , Sørskogbygda , and Neverlia . Elverum lies at an important crossroads, with the town of Hamar to the west, the town of Kongsvinger to the south, and village of Innbygda and the Swedish border to the northeast. It

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552-599: The Gyldenløve War as Hammersberg Skanse . It was renamed Christiansfjeld Fortress in 1685 by King Christian V of Denmark during his visit to Hammersberg Skanse on June 14. Although the fortress was manned through the Great Northern War , the village was spared major battles. In 1742, Christiansfjeld Fortress was closed. A Norwegian infantry regiment, the Oppland Regiment , was formed in 1657 and Elverum became

598-737: The Nordic Seven Years' War (1563–1570), Swedish troops invaded Norway in a number of locations, including a number of incursions into Østerdalen . In 1563, Norwegian troops stopped the Swedish advance at Elverum, which provided a strategic point since it lay on both north–south and east–west trade and travel routes. The parishes of Idre and Särna originally belonged to the prestegjeld of Elverum, but they were occupied by Swedish troops in 1644, and since then they were lost to Sweden. Construction of fortifications in Elverum started in 1673 during

644-615: The Storting managed to pass an emergency measure (known as the Elverum Authorization ) that gave full authority to the king and his cabinet until the Storting could convene again. This gave King Haakon VII and the cabinet constitutional authority to reject the German emissary's ultimatum to accept the German invasion. Although there were several German attempts to capture or kill the King and

690-598: The Winter War , in cooperation with Polish, French and British forces, launched several counterattacks with moderate success. Allied forces had several successes in Northern Norway, but were redirected for the futile defense of France . While Northern Norway ultimately fell, efforts there allowed the Norwegian government, including the Norwegian royal family , to escape and maintain the legitimate government in exile, as part of

736-736: The Allies. While on station in London , the government contributed to Norwegian forces with the Allied effort and ordered the Norwegian Merchant Fleet to assist in troop transportation. To expedite this ships operated under the Nortraship organisation, which at that time was the world's largest shipping company. It created apprehension among the Nazi leadership that Allied forces might try to recapture Norway with

782-491: The German or Quisling authorities were ostracized , both during and after the war. The Norwegian Resistance Museum , at Akershus Fortress , Oslo , gives a good account of the activities of the Norwegian resistance movement. [REDACTED] Media related to Resistance in Norway during World War II at Wikimedia Commons Elverum Elverum [ˈɛ⁠lvərɵm] is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway . It

828-596: The Norwegian border. To avoid suspicion, they were camouflaged as police training camps . By 1944, some 7,000–8,000 men had been secretly trained in Sweden. During the Liberation of Finnmark from 1944 to 1945, 1,442 police troops from Sweden would be flown in to assist the Soviets and Free Norwegian Forces . In addition to forces brought in from abroad, local troops were also recruited. Intelligence gathering within occupied Norway

874-518: The Norwegian government, they managed to evade these attempts and travelled through Norway's remote interior until leaving the country for London on the British heavy cruiser HMS  Devonshire on 7 June. Finland Iceland Norway Reserving the constitutional legitimacy of the Norwegian government also undermined Vidkun Quisling 's attempts at claiming the Norwegian government for himself. After Quisling had proclaimed his assumption of

920-686: The Norwegian history and economy. From the eastern side of the Glomma river (the Museum of Norwegian Forestry – Skogmuseet ), a pedestrian bridge across the Klokkerfoss waterfall to Prestøya, and then a bridge across the Prestfossen falls leads to the Glomdal Museum, one of the largest Norwegian outdoor museums, with numerous houses from the mountain parishes of Østerdalen and the lowland districts of Solør on

966-517: The Parliament was meeting to issue the Elverum Authorization, authorizing the exiled government until the Parliament could again convene. On April 11, shortly after the government's refusal to submit to German terms, the central part of the town of Elverum was reduced to ashes. The Norwegian Forest Museum is a national museum recognizing the importance of forestry , hunting , and fishing to

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1012-457: The arms have a red field (background) and the charge is an owl . The owl has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. This design is a symbol for wisdom and teaching, since Elverum has a number of schools in it. Most owls are forest birds, and the owl can also represent wild animals and birds, and thus symbolize the forest and wilderness areas in and around Elverum. Finally,

1058-561: The country's defence capabilities, a longstanding policy of disarmament following World War I had left the Norwegian military underfunded and undertrained by the late 1930s. As a result, forces in Southern Norway were largely unprepared for the German invasion , and the invading German army met little initial resistance. There was also spirited defence seen at other locations, including Midtskogen , Hegra and Narvik but these were largely

1104-400: The exception of foreign minister Halvdan Koht and minister of defence Birger Ljungberg , was largely caught by surprise when it became apparent in the early hours of 9 April 1940 that Nazi Germany had launched an invasion of Norway. Although some of the country's gold reserve had already been removed from Oslo, there were few contingency plans for such an invasion. The Norwegian government

1150-404: The first Elverum Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of elfr which means "river" (referring to the Glomma river). The last element is heimr which means " home " or "farm". The coat of arms was granted on 9 December 1988. The official blazon is " Gules , an owl displayed Or " ( Norwegian : I rødt ei gull ugle med utslåtte vinger ). This means

1196-490: The government, several individuals on the Supreme Court took the initiative to establish an Administrative Council ( Administrasjonsrådet ) in an effort to stop him. This became a controversial initiative, in that the legitimate Norwegian government refused to give the council any legal backing, and the German authorities ended up disbanding it. Although some politicians across the political spectrum had advocated strengthening

1242-516: The intention of denying German naval units access to the North Atlantic , tying up several hundred thousand troops that otherwise might have been deployed to other fronts. Although Norway did not have any major battles beyond those of the Norwegian Campaign , a number of military operations served to subvert the Nazi authorities and contribute to the larger war effort. Milorg started out as

1288-400: The municipality. Elverum Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by

1334-524: The need. It is recorded as existing in the 17th century, and in 1765 the owner of Gaarder obtained special market privileges from the king, to take place six miles north of the population center of Elverum on his estate. By 1767, it was described as Norway's largest and most famous market. In the first week of March, for almost 300 years, the folks of the district met to trade and to celebrate. People from Gudbrandsdal , Oslo , Trøndelag , and Sweden also regularly came to Grundsetmart'n . The Grundset market

1380-430: The owl has lifted wings and claws out which symbolize a determined defense and the fighting spirit of Norwegians. In 1940, when Norway was under attack from the German forces, the government fled to Elverum where King Haakon VII received the power from the Storting to govern the country in exile without the Parliament during the war ( Elverum Authorization ). The arms were designed by Arvid Sveen. The municipal flag has

1426-416: The paper clip was a symbol of solidarity and unity ("we are bound together"), implying resistance. The wearing of paper clips, the popular H7 monogram and similar symbols (red garments, Bobble hats ) was outlawed and could lead to arrest and punishment. Of lesser military importance was the distribution of illegal newspapers (often with news items culled from Allied news broadcasts; possession of radios

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1472-411: The regime and its propaganda. Wages were withheld, and on 20 March 1942, 1100 male teachers were arrested, of which 642 were sent to Arctic Norway doing forced labour. Towards the end of the war, the resistance became more open, with rudimentary military organizations set up in the forests around the larger cities. A number of Nazi collaborators and officials were killed, and those collaborating with

1518-501: The result of improvised missions by isolated military units and irregular volunteers. The battles slowed the German advance by several days, allowing the Norwegian government to evade capture and conduct critical constitutional business. The British and French began landing on Norwegian soil within a week of the German invasion. Several Norwegian military units that had mobilised as a precautionary measure in Northern Norway during

1564-566: The same design as the coat of arms. The Church of Norway has five parishes ( sokn ) within the municipality of Elverum. It is part of the Sør-Østerdal prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Hamar . Sagtjernet is a lake in the northern parts of Elverum where lots of residents visit in the summer. It is a lake formed by the last ice age . Rokosjøen is another lake in the municipality. The rivers Julussa , Glomma , and Flisa flow through

1610-452: The struggle is already underway." Anticipating German efforts to capture the government, the entire Norwegian parliament (the Storting ), the royal family , and cabinet hastily evacuated Oslo by train and car to Hamar and then on to Elverum , where an extraordinary session of parliament was called. In large part because of the presence of mind of the parliament's president C. J. Hambro ,

1656-578: The suspects. Rinnan even called this a "game in the negative sector". The group worked towards the entirety of Central Norway , i.e. Trøndelag , Møre og Romsdal , even Nordland . Rinnan wanted to expand operations to Oslo , but this was possibly stopped by the Germans. The group, which after the war was called the Rinnan gang , was not formally a part of the Sicherheitsdienst until 1943 when Rinnan received

1702-427: The war known as Bande-Klosteret (Gang cloister), which was equipped with cells and torture chambers in the basement, where several were killed under torture. Rinnan drove the group completely by their own rules and on a couple of occasions killed Norwegians without German prior consent. He even executed members of his own group if he believed they were acting suspiciously. Several hundred Norwegians were tortured, and it

1748-560: The war, through Sweden or by fishing boats to Shetland , nicknamed the " Shetland bus ". A number of saboteurs, most notably Max Manus and Gunnar Sønsteby , destroyed ships and supplies. Perhaps its most famous achievements were a series of operations to destroy Norsk Hydro 's heavy water plant and stockpile of heavy water at Vemork , crippling the German nuclear programme . The Germans attempted to stifle Resistance activities and executed several innocent Norwegian men, women, and children in retaliation after any Resistance act. Probably

1794-463: The worst act of reprisal was the assault on the fishing village of Telavåg in the spring of 1942. To assist with the sabotage campaign, the United States sent OSS forces, including future CIA director William Colby , into Norway to support resistance. In the mid-1980s, it was revealed that Sweden aided the Norwegian resistance movement with training and equipment in a series of camps along

1840-492: Was finally abandoned in 1901, when pressures of the railroad and other markets made it superfluous. The railway connecting Oslo and Trondheim passed through Elverum in 1877. Elverum municipality served as a temporary capital of Norway during the World War II German invasion. On 9 April 1940 Norwegian troops prevented German parachute troops from capturing Norway's King Haakon , Crown Prince , and Parliament while

1886-514: Was founded here in 1896. The Oppland Regiment had a history which included courageous involvement in combat from the Swedish wars of the 17th century through the German invasion of Norway in 1940. As part of the general restructuring, the unit was disbanded in 2002. Today, Terningmoen hosts several sub units within the Norwegian army and the Home guard . In the Danish-Norwegian period, Elverum

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1932-446: Was illegal). The purpose of this was twofold: it counteracted Nazi propaganda , and it maintained nationalistic, anti-German feelings in the population at large. It has been suggested that combating the illegal press expended German resources out of proportion to the illegal media's actual effects. Finally, there was the attempt at maintaining an "ice front" against the German soldiers. This involved, among other things, never speaking to

1978-452: Was the communist Osvald Group led by Asbjørn Sunde . During the war years, the resistance movement in occupied Norway had 1433 members killed, of whom 255 were women. The first mass outbreak of civil disobedience occurred in the autumn of 1940, when students of Oslo University began to wear paper clips on their lapels to demonstrate their resistance to the German occupiers and their Norwegian collaborators. A seemingly innocuous item,

2024-751: Was the location for a bailiff ( fogd ), a judge ( sorenskriver ), a church provost ( prost ), and numerous military officers. It became important as a market town as well. In 1570 Hamar Cathedral in Hamar was burned and Hamarhus castle was destroyed by the Swedish armies during the Seven Years' War with Sweden. Hamar lost its city status, leaving no kjøpstad , or official market city, between Christiania and Trondheim . Eastern Norway needed an organized market for trading goods. The Grundset market ( Grundsetmart'n ) in Elverum municipality grew to meet

2070-546: Was unprepared and unwilling to capitulate to the ultimatum timed to coincide with the arrival of German troops and delivered by Curt Bräuer , the German representative in Oslo. The German demand that Norway accept the "protection of the Reich" was rebuffed by Koht and the Norwegian government before dawn had broken on the morning of invasion. " Vi gir oss ikke frivillig, kampen er allerede i gang ", replied Koht. "We will not submit voluntarily;

2116-483: Was very much needed for the Allied forces, and several organizations were established for this, the largest and most efficient of which was called XU . Established by Arvid Storsveen , its members were students from the University of Oslo . One interesting fact was that two of its four leaders were young women, among them Anne-Sofie Østvedt . One of the leading sabotage organisations in Norway during most of World War II

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