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52-618: As of August 2024 the commissioners are: The SMC's stated aim is to "create a United Kingdom where the circumstances of birth do not determine outcomes in life". Four specific responsibilities are listed on the SMC's website. These are: Until 2020, the Commission described its role as "monitor[ing] progress towards improving social mobility in the UK, and promot[ing] social mobility in England". Because education in

104-510: A Commons statement on the renaming of the commission as the SMC was made by Iain Duncan Smith as Work and Pensions Secretary : "Governments will no longer focus on just moving families above a poverty line . Instead, we want to focus on making a meaningful change to children’s lives by extending opportunity for all, so that both they and their children can escape from the cycle of poverty and improve their life chances." In semantic terms

156-428: A covert rejection of any aspirations regarding child poverty. Noting the commission's shift from child poverty per se to "the broad range of child poverty, life chances and social mobility indicators", the paper argued that: "While continuing to pay lip service to the goal of ending child poverty, much of the government's energy has been devoted to trying to redefine the problem of poverty, moving beyond what it sees as

208-701: A further education college to prepare themselves for the Vocational Certificate of Education (VCE), which is similar to the A-levels. Major provider of vocational qualifications in the United Kingdom include the City and Guilds of London Institute and Edexcel . Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas typically require 1 and 2 years of full-time study and credit from either HNE or Diplomas can be transferred toward an undergraduate degree. Along with

260-519: A silver bullet for social mobility, and therefore focusing excessively on school effectiveness and the behaviour-management of pupils, teachers and parents. A critical discourse analysis of Commission's report Cracking the Code published in the Journal of Education Policy in 2018 found that its recommendations relied heavily on the 'marginal gains' philosophy associated with Dave Brailsford , and questioned

312-538: A Sociological Problem". Contemporary Social Science . 7 (1): 55–71. doi : 10.1080/21582041.2011.652360 . S2CID   144041004 . Payne, Geoff (2017). The New Social Mobility: How the Politicians Got It Wrong . Bristol: Policy Press. ISBN   978-1-447-31065-5 . Education in the United Kingdom Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter, with each of

364-618: A bachelor's degree or higher, whilst 52% of British people aged 25 to 34 had attended some form of tertiary education, about 4% above the OECD average of 44%. Education was listed as a charitable purpose by the Parliament of England in the Charitable Uses Act 1601 . In each country there are five stages of education: early years, primary, secondary, further education (FE) and higher education (HE). The law states that full-time education

416-421: A clear vision of what they want. Properly defining project scope requires thorough investigation by the project manager during the initial planning phase of a project. Failure to gather all information from all relevant stakeholders is a common reason for incomplete scope statements and missing requirements, which can frequently and easily lead to scope creep later in the project. It is essential that everyone on

468-613: A narrow preoccupation with relative low income." Severely criticising this scope creep as a climbdown from the principles of the Child Poverty Act, the paper argued: "In truth, neither the letter nor the spirit of the law has been fully adhered to, and only a lack of sustained public or media attention has spared the government the embarrassment of anyone noticing how far its policy and strategy falls short of its professed goals." Apart from this push factor away from ending child poverty, it has also been theorised sociologically that

520-532: A set of "component pieces which can be tackled with specific ameliorant policies", and shying away from acknowledging (more accurately, in this view) how "the class system " creates a fundamental structure of inequality. This trend in governmental outlook has been critiqued as "the New Mobility discourse". In December 2017 Milburn and his three fellow Commissioners resigned. Milburn's letter of resignation , dated 2 December, explained to Prime Minister Theresa May

572-418: Is a separate system. Further education (FE) refers to post-secondary education in England and Wales. FE may include the study of apprenticeships , A-levels , BTEC , International Baccalaureate , NVQ or others, ranging from entry level to the highest level (Level 3, equivalent to A-level) and aim to prepare students for higher education. The sixth form is one type of FE, which includes post-16 study that

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624-527: Is closing with more students in good or outstanding schools from all social backgrounds. A 2016 report by the Equality and Human Rights Commission said that racial inequality exists in the Great Britain education system. It was found that 6% of Black school leavers went on to attend a Russell Group university, compared with 12% of mixed race and Asian school leavers, and 11% of White school leavers. In 2009, it

676-625: Is compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) and 16. In England, compulsory education or training was extended to 18 in 2015. Before they reach compulsory school age, children can be educated at nursery ; the four governments all provide universal funding for children from the age of three years old or younger. Further education is non-compulsory, and covers advanced education which can be taken at further (including tertiary) education colleges and higher education institutions (HEIs). The fifth stage, higher education,

728-404: Is introduced during the secondary school years and goes on until further and higher education. Secondary vocational education is also known as further education. It is separate from secondary education and does not belong to the category of higher education. Further education incorporates vocational oriented education as well as a combination of general secondary education. Students can also go on to

780-446: Is related to but distinct from feature creep , because feature creep refers to features, and scope creep refers to the whole project. Ineffective project management communication between a client and the project manager is a leading effect of project scope creep. An assignment that is not understood correctly will turn out to be completely different from clients vision. With that being said clients can also be to blame as they may not see

832-493: Is study beyond A-levels or BTECs (and their equivalent) which, for most full-time students, takes place in HEIs such as universities and colleges. The National Curriculum , established in 1988, provides a framework for education in England between the ages of 5 and 16. Although the curriculum is compulsory, some private schools, home educators , academies and free schools design their own curricula. Following devolution in 1999,

884-451: Is undertaken after completing GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education). Sixth form may be offered by sixth form colleges or by schools which teach the 11–18 age-range and have an attached sixth form. Further education colleges generally provide a wider curriculum and have a wider range of options for FE, including vocational forms of education (such as NVQs ). Tertiary colleges provide both academic and vocational courses. In

936-625: Is valued around the globe for its quality and rigorous academic standards. Several British universities are ranked among the top universities in the world, including the University of Cambridge , the University of Oxford , Imperial College London , and UCL . In 2023, most students who sat for GCSEs undertook 9 subjects. In 2023, the most common combination of three subjects that was undertaken by students included: 1) English Language, 2) English Literature and 3) Mathematics, with 61.2% of students studying these three subjects in combination. Sitting

988-649: The General Certificate of Education, Advanced Level (A-levels), or the Advanced Highers in Scotland. As with the GCSE, students who sit for the exam choose the subjects and the number of advanced examinations. In 2022, students who sat for A-Levels averagely undertook 2.64 subjects. WES awards undergraduate credit based on the nature and number of subjects passed. Each university has their own set of admission policies and

1040-554: The OECD , ranked the overall knowledge and skills of British 15-year-olds as 13th in the world in reading, literacy, mathematics, and science. The average British student scored 503.7, compared with the OECD average of 493. In 2014, the country spent 6.6% of its GDP on all levels of education – 1.4 percentage points above the OECD average of 5.2%. In 2017, 45.7% of British people aged 25 to 64 had attended some form of post-secondary education. Of British people aged 25 to 64, 22.6% had attained

1092-686: The Scottish Government in April 2019. As the Social Mobility and Child Poverty (SMCP) Commission, its objective was to "monitor the progress of government and others in improving social mobility and reducing child poverty in the United Kingdom". The body was created by chapter 9, section 8 of the Child Poverty Act 2010 (also known as the life chances Act), which required the establishment of an independent Child Poverty Commission to monitor

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1144-619: The countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments. The UK Government is responsible for England , whilst the Scottish Government , the Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , respectively. For details of education in each country, see: In 2018, the Programme for International Student Assessment , coordinated by

1196-473: The 2011 name-change was criticised for putting together the terms "child poverty" and "social mobility" without addressing the potential "internal contradictions" of trying to deal with both at the same time, or specifying "the relative priority or importance of the two issues". In a political studies paper published in the Political Quarterly in 2012, the renaming was interpreted ideologically as

1248-852: The Coalition's 'New Approach' ". Political Quarterly . 83 (4): 830–837. doi : 10.1111/j.1467-923x.2012.02418.x . Bukodi, Erzsébet; Goldthorpe, John H. (2018). Social Mobility and Education in Britain: Research, Politics and Policy . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-108-46821-3 . Maslen, Joseph (2019). " Cracking the Code : The Social Mobility Commission and Education Policy Discourse" . Journal of Education Policy . 34 (5): 599–612. doi : 10.1080/02680939.2018.1449891 . S2CID   149726651 . "Accepted manuscript" . Institutional open access repository . Retrieved 21 October 2019 . Payne, Geoff (2012). "A New Social Mobility? The Political Redefinition of

1300-452: The Commission considers the issue of child poverty within the wider context of children's life chances and inter-generational poverty" and "the crucial links between child poverty, children's life chances and social mobility". The SMCP Commission's role was described as being "to monitor progress against the broad range of child poverty, life chances and social mobility indicators, towards the end goal of eradicating child poverty." In July 2015

1352-503: The DfE published a "delivery plan" for each opportunity area: An Evaluation of the "set-up phase" of the opportunity areas programme was published alongside a Selection of Case Studies in October 2018. Although only indirectly responsible for the scheme, the SMC maintained an active interest, visiting Blackpool and Oldham as part of a "north west tour" in October 2019. Publications produced by

1404-896: The Education Committee. Alleged failings included a lack of diversity in its commissioners, an over-emphasis on research rather than action, and a lack of contact with the Education Secretary. The commission has been praised for identifying "the social closure at the upper echelons of society and the isolation of those at the bottom" as key issues, thereby "recognising where the real 'problem of mobility' lies". However, it has been criticised for apparent naivety in its individualistic belief in "the possibility of [personal] exertion generating social mobility" and consequent reliance on "individualistic explanations [of how to improve social mobility] based on personal qualities and aspirations". It has also been criticised for viewing education as

1456-587: The Government's Child Poverty Strategy was published, it announced (p. 22, §1.41; p. 66, §5.21) that the Child Poverty Act would be amended so that the Child Poverty Commission would "be replaced by a new Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission". The commission's "broader scope" incorporating social mobility was described in the Strategy as "the Government's new approach", designed "to ensure that

1508-505: The Government's preferred candidate in May 2018 the role of chair was announced as unremunerated, as had been the case under Alan Milburn. However, upon the relaunch of the SMC in December 2018 it was announced that, in accordance with the greater responsibilities arising from the commission's new budget, the Education Secretary had decided to remunerate the role. In June 2019 the SMC was criticised by

1560-620: The HNC and HND, students who are interested in other vocational qualifications may pursue a Foundation degree , which is a qualification that trains people to be highly skilled technicians. The National Apprenticeship Service also offers vocational education where people at ages of 16 and older enter apprenticeships in order to learn a skilled trade . There are over 60 different certifications can be obtained through an apprenticeship, which typically lasts from 1 to 3 years. Trades apprentices receive paid wages during training and spend one day at school and

1612-530: The UK spent £3.2 billion on early years education, £27.7 billion on primary education, £38.2 billion on secondary education and £5.9 billion on tertiary education. In total, the UK spent £83.4 billion on education (includes £8.4 billion on other categories). Schools and universities in Britain are popular destinations for international students. The country's universities and colleges have educated many heads of state and government around

Social Mobility Commission - Misplaced Pages Continue

1664-509: The United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments , the SMC has a remit to promote social mobility in England but only to monitor progress towards improving social mobility in the other countries of the United Kingdom. In Scotland an equivalent body is the Social Justice and Fairness Commission announced by Nicola Sturgeon as First Minister of

1716-420: The United Kingdom, higher education is offered by universities and other institutions (colleges, institutes, schools, and academies) and includes both research-oriented and higher professional education. Universities provide programmes that lead to a degree (bachelor's, master's, or doctorate) and non-degree programmes that lead to a vocational qualification such as a certificate or diploma. British higher education

1768-660: The Welsh Government took responsibility for education in Wales and the curriculum began to differ from that of England. The National Curriculum for Wales was established and is now being succeeded by the Curriculum for Wales . In Scotland, the equivalent is the Curriculum for Excellence . Scotland's qualifications system of National 4/5s, Highers and Advanced Highers are very similar to Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and Advanced Level (A2) courses in England. The Northern Ireland Curriculum

1820-433: The client. This may not work and tend to cause more work for such project and throw off the scope. Another huge cause of scope creep is the communication gap between the stakeholders. Clients may not respond quickly enough to the project managers causing the project to run into a bottleneck. These aspects can affect the operational efficiencies of companies, especially when involved in long-term relationships. Scope creep

1872-506: The commission are searchable on its website. The commission has produced "State of the Nation" reports for 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018–19. Atherton, Graeme (2016). The Success Paradox: Why We Need a Holistic Theory of Social Mobility . Bristol: Policy Press. ISBN   978-1-447-31633-6 . Bamfield, Louise (2012). "Child Poverty and Social Mobility: Taking the Measure of

1924-493: The commission should be renamed as the Social Justice Commission, and that there should be a minister for social justice/social mobility. It also recommended that the commission should always have at least seven members in addition to the chair, and have an extended remit to: Robert Halfon as the committee's Chair argued that the extended remit would give the Commission "real teeth" as "a new social justice body in

1976-416: The committee's recommendations. The Government's response was criticised by Halfon: "We called for a beefed-up Commission with the resources, direction and teeth needed to tackle society's burning injustices but, in its response, the Government has sadly failed to seize this opportunity." Alongside its response, the Government announced via Hinds that Martina Milburn (not a family relation of Alan Milburn)

2028-695: The effectiveness of the Government 's then-yet-to-be-published Child Poverty Strategy. It was renamed as the Social Mobility and Child Poverty (SMCP) Commission by the Welfare Reform Act 2012 , and its name was changed to the Social Mobility Commission by chapter 7, section 6 of the Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016 . From 2012 to 2017 the Chair of the commission was Alan Milburn . In April 2011, when

2080-419: The exam represents the end of 11 years of mandatory education. A General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), or Higher in Scotland, is awarded for each subject passed and World Education Services issues a high school diploma after the evaluation of a minimum of three GCSEs. Pre-university education in the United Kingdom is a two-year senior secondary programme that leads to a new round of examinations,

2132-431: The heart of Downing Street with the levers and powers to coordinate action to drive forward initiatives and implement solutions". He argued that renaming the SMC as the Social Justice Commission would "ensure [that the Commission is] not just focusing on those already on the ladder but bringing them to the ladder and making sure we are there if they fall". In May 2018 the Government published its response, which rejected

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2184-486: The implementation of such a philosophy in everyday school life. It had earlier been noted that the New Mobility discourse was concerned with upward mobility among the deserving poor without properly considering the accompanying need for downward mobility among the undeserving rich. This lack was addressed by the commission's report Downward Mobility, Opportunity Hoarding and the Glass Floor , which acknowledged and discussed

2236-472: The issue (pp. i–ii). In January 2016 the Commission produced a Social Mobility Index of children's life chances in different local authority areas, including data published as a MS Excel spreadsheet , with an update to the data published in a similar spreadsheet in November 2017. The data was translated by Parliament into a "Social Mobility Index by Constituency " in October 2018. The commission's Index

2288-407: The minimum entry requirements for each particular higher education programme that they offer. The A-Level is an entry qualification for universities in the United Kingdom and many other universities across the world. Students that are interested in pursuing higher education will usually enrol in pre-university and further education programmes. Technical and vocational education in the United Kingdom

2340-491: The pull towards headlining social mobility in government policy during the 2010s occurred due to growing " underclass anxiety " about the political and social actions of the economically disadvantaged , especially following the 2011 England riots and latterly the vote for Brexit in the 2016 EU referendum . In this context, the SMC has been seen to be part of a trend among governmental agencies towards portraying social mobility simplistically (and conveniently, in this view) as

2392-526: The reasons for their decision, including roles on the Commission being vacant for almost two years and his belief that the Government was "unable to devote the necessary energy and focus to the social mobility agenda". The letter was published in The Guardian . In March 2018 the Commons Education Committee published The Future of the Social Mobility Commission . The report recommended that

2444-747: The rest in the workplace to hone their skills. T Levels are a technical qualification being introduced between Autumn 2020 and 2023. They are intended to provide the knowledge and experience needed for learners to progress to skilled employment, further study or a higher apprenticeship. In 2018 The Guardian commented that successful schools tend to choose pupils from high–achieving backgrounds. Pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds, and challenging pupils, tend to be concentrated in schools that do less well in inspections. Also that children from prosperous backgrounds are more likely to be in good or outstanding schools while disadvantaged children are more likely to be in inadequate schools. The inequality gap as of 2015

2496-451: The team understands the project requirements thoroughly -- and that the project sponsor and relevant stakeholders have signed off on those requirements -- before execution of the project begins. Adoptions and adhering to project management practices and project management processes are confirmed methods of preventing scope creep from dismantling the project. Sometimes project teams tend to start adding additional features in order to impress

2548-479: The world, rivalled only by the United States. Scope creep Scope creep (also called requirement creep , or kitchen sink syndrome ) in project management is continuous or uncontrolled growth in a project 's scope , generally experienced after the project begins. This can occur when the scope of a project is not properly defined, documented, or controlled. It is generally considered harmful. It

2600-517: Was also used by the DfE to designate "opportunity areas" that would receive extra government funding "to address the biggest challenges they face". Six opportunity areas were announced in October 2016 ( West Somerset , Norwich , Blackpool , Scarborough / North Yorkshire Coast), Derby and Oldham ) and a further six in January 2017 ( Bradford , Doncaster , Fenland & East Cambridgeshire , Hastings , Ipswich and Stoke-on-Trent ). In October 2017

2652-602: Was found that White students' predicted A-Level grades were 53% accurate, whilst Black students' received predicted grades that were 39.1% accurate. Black students are also the most likely to receive under-predicted grades by their teachers. It was found that 7.1% of Black students received higher actual grades compared to 6.6% of White students, 6.5% of Asian students and 6.1% of Mixed students. In 2018, of all teachers in state-funded schools in England, 14.1% were from BAME groups. 33.5% of primary school and 31.3% of secondary school pupils in England were from BAME groups. In 2015/16,

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2704-471: Was its preferred candidate to succeed Alan Milburn as the Chair of the commission. She was confirmed as chair in July, having been questioned by the Education Committee that month. Twelve fellow commissioners were appointed in October. In December 2018 the SMC was relaunched, with an announcement that the commission had been awarded an additional £2m of funding by the DfE. Upon the announcement of Martina Milburn as

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