79-588: Sliabh Luachra ( Irish pronunciation: [ʃl̠ʲiəw ˈl̪ˠuəxɾˠə] ), sometimes anglicised Slieve Logher , is an upland region in Munster , Ireland. It is on the borders of counties Cork , Kerry and Limerick , and bounded to the south by the River Blackwater . It includes the Mullaghareirk Mountains . Sliabh Luachra has produced several Irish poets: Geoffrey Fionn Dálaigh, Aogán Ó Rathaille , and
158-509: A mountainous and flat landscape with many beaches and sea cliffs along its coast. The southwest of Ireland is known for its peninsulas and some in Cork include the Beara Peninsula , Sheep's Head , Mizen Head , and Brow Head . Brow Head is the most southerly point of mainland Ireland . There are many islands off the coast of the county, in particular, off West Cork . Carbery's Hundred Isles are
237-764: A part in the English Wars of the Roses when Perkin Warbeck , a pretender to the English throne spread the story that he was really Richard of Shrewsbury (one of the Princes in the Tower ), landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow King Henry VII of England . The Cork people supported Warbeck because he was Flemish and not English; Cork was the only county in Ireland to join
316-489: A retail park. The Golden Vale is among the most productive farmland for dairy in Ireland. The chief milk processor is Dairygold , a farmer-owned co-operative based in Mitchelstown , which processes 1.4 billion litres a year, converting the milk into cheeses and powder dairy nutrition for infant formula . The city of Cork forms the largest urban area in the county, with a total population of 224,004 as of 2022. Cork
395-530: A survey of surface waters in County Cork between 1995 and 1997, which identified 125 rivers and 32 lakes covered by the regulations. Like many parts of Munster, Cork has fertile agricultural land and many bog and peatlands. Cork has around 74,000 hectares of peatlands, which amount to 9.8% of the county's total land area. Cork has the highest share of the national forest area, with around 90,020 ha (222,400 acres) of forest and woodland area, constituting 11.6% of
474-624: Is Metropolitan Cork , where a number of multinational firms are located in the Cork city area, including at Little Island . The Shannon Free Zone , in County Clare and near Limerick city, is also a centre of employment. A number of television companies and studios have (or had) a Munster-focus. These include RTÉ Cork (RTÉ's regional studio in Cork), South Coast TV and Channel South . The latter transmitted local programming to Cork, Limerick, and parts of Kerry, Waterford, Clare and Tipperary. Apart from
553-468: Is Mug Ruith and Tlachtga is his daughter. Another legendary figure is Donn . The province has long had trading and cultural links with continental Europe. The Corcu Loígde had a trading fleet active along the French Atlantic coast, as far south as Gascony, importing wine to Munster. The Eóganachta had ecclesiastical ties with Germany, which show in the architecture of their ceremonial capital at
632-510: Is a common destination for British, German, French and Dutch tourists. The South-West Region , comprising counties Cork and Kerry, contributed € 103.2 billion (approximately US$ 111.6 billion) towards the Irish GDP in 2020. The harbour area east of Cork city is home to many pharmaceutical and medical companies. Mahon Point Shopping Centre is Cork's largest, and Munster 's second-largest, shopping centre; it contains over 75 stores including
711-481: Is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed. The county has 253 civil parishes. Townlands are the smallest officially defined geographical divisions in Ireland, with about 5447 townlands in the county. The county's mountains rose during a period mountain formation some 374 to 360 million years ago and include the Slieve Miskish and Caha Mountains on
790-528: Is located in the province of Munster , bordering Kerry to the west, Limerick to the north, Tipperary to the north-east and Waterford to the east. The county shares separate mountainous borders with Tipperary and Kerry. The terrain on the Kerry border was formed between 360 and 374 million years ago, as part of the rising of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks and Caha Mountains mountains ranges. This occurred during
869-540: Is one of the four provinces of Ireland , located in the south of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" ( Irish : rí ruirech ). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland , the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of
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#1732848965564948-451: Is the second-most populous city in the Republic of Ireland, and the third-most populous city on the island of Ireland . According to 2022 census statistics, the county has 13 towns with a population of over 4,000. The county has a population density of 77.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (202/sq mi). A large percentage of the population lives in urban areas. In the 1841 census, before
1027-550: Is the largest of Ireland's four provinces by land area, and the third largest by population. Munster has many large towns, including a number of growing satellite towns, and is the province with the most cities (three) in Ireland. The following is a list of urban areas in Munster in order of size (2022 census figures), with cities and county towns bolded: Urban areas over 10,000 inhabitants: Urban areas with 5,000–10,000 inhabitants: 2014 CSO figures indicated that GDP per capita in
1106-711: Is traditionally associated with the county. It is sometimes heard at GAA and other sports fixtures involving the county. Several media publications are printed and distributed in County Cork. These include the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner ) and its sister publication The Echo (formerly the Evening Echo ). Local and regional newspapers include the Carrigdhoun , the Cork Independent , The Corkman ,
1185-635: The Beara Peninsula , the Ballyhoura Mountains on the border with Limerick and the Shehy Mountains which contain Knockboy (706 m), the highest point in Cork. The Shehy Mountains are on the border with Kerry and may be accessed from the area known as Priests Leap, near the village of Coomhola. The upland areas of the Ballyhoura , Boggeragh , Derrynasaggart , and Mullaghareirk Mountain ranges add to
1264-536: The Desmond rebellion . This rebellion ended with the death of Gerald Fitzgerald , the 15th Earl of Desmond in 1583. His last hiding place, Teach an Iarla, can still be seen cut into a glen in the heart of the Sliabh Luachra mountains near the source of the river Blackwater . The rebellion resulted in the scorched earth policy of Queen Elizabeth's army, which devastated much of Munster . Men, women and children were put to
1343-672: The Devonian period when Ireland was part of a larger continental landmass and located south of the equator . The region's topography of peaks and valleys are characterised by steep ridges formed during the Hercynian period of folding and mountain formation some 300 million years ago. Twenty-four historic baronies are in the county—the most of any county in Ireland . While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status
1422-599: The Earls of Ormond remained closer to England. The O'Brien of Thomond and MacCarthy of Desmond surrendered and regranted sovereignty to the Tudors in 1543 and 1565, joining the Kingdom of Ireland . The impactful Desmond Rebellions , led by the FitzGeralds, soon followed. The area of Munster was then colonized in the mid to late 16th century by the British plantations of Ireland during
1501-754: The Kilmichael Ambush in November 1920 and the Crossbarry Ambush in March 1921. The activity of IRA flying columns , such as the one under Tom Barry in west Cork, was popularised in the Ken Loach film The Wind That Shakes The Barley . On 11 December 1920, Cork City centre was gutted by fires started by the Black and Tans in reprisal for IRA attacks. Over 300 buildings were destroyed; many other towns and villages around
1580-639: The Kingdom of Munster , ruled by the Eóganachta dynasty. Prior to this, the area was ruled by the Dáirine and Corcu Loígde overlords. Later rulers from the Eóganachta included Cathal mac Finguine and Feidlimid mac Cremthanin . Notable regional kingdoms and lordships of Early Medieval Munster were Iarmuman (West Munster), Osraige (Ossory), Uí Liatháin , Uí Fidgenti , Éile , Múscraige , Ciarraige Luachra , Corcu Duibne , Corcu Baiscinn , and Déisi Muman . By
1659-699: The League of Ireland : Waterford FC in the League of Ireland Premier Division ; and Cobh Ramblers , Cork City F.C. , Treaty United F.C. and Kerry F.C. in the First Division . In Cricket, the province is represented by the Munster Reds in the Inter-Provincial Cup one-day competition and the Inter-Provincial Trophy Twenty20 competition. Munster does not currently participate in
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#17328489655641738-572: The MacCarthy Mór dynasty . After the Norman invasion in the 12th century, the McCarthy clan were pushed westward into what is now West Cork and County Kerry . Dunlough Castle , standing just north of Mizen Head , is one of the oldest castles in Ireland (AD 1207). The north and east of Cork were taken by the Hiberno-Norman FitzGerald dynasty , who became the Earls of Desmond . Cork City
1817-615: The MacCarthy dynasty (Eóganachta), and the short-lived Kingdom of Ormond under the O'Kennedys (another Dalcassian sept). The three crowns of the flag of Munster represent these three late kingdoms. There was Norman influence from the 14th century, including by the FitzGerald , de Clare and Butler houses, two of whom carved out earldoms within the Lordship of Ireland , the Earls of Desmond eventually becoming independent potentates, while
1896-687: The Mallow Star , the Douglas Post , the East Cork Journal and The Southern Star . Local radio stations include Cork's 96FM and dual-franchise C103 , Red FM , and a number of community radio stations, such as CRY 104.0FM . Tourist sites include the Blarney Stone at Blarney Castle , Blarney . The port of Cobh in County Cork was the point of embarkation for many Irish emigrants travelling to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa or
1975-631: The Rock of Cashel . The majority of Irish ogham inscriptions are found in Munster, principally in areas occupied by the Iverni, especially the Corcu Duibne . Later, Europe's first linguistic dictionary in any non-Classical language, the Sanas Cormaic , was compiled by Munster scholars, traditionally thought to have been directed by the king-bishop Cormac mac Cuilennáin (d. 908). The School of Ross in Munster
2054-682: The United Rugby Championship competition, winning in 2003, 2009, 2011 and 2023 and in the Heineken Cup , winning in 2006 and 2008. Until 2016, the Munster side was the only Irish side to have defeated the New Zealand All Blacks . Association football is also a popular game in Munster, with the Munster Football Association governing a number of aspects of the game in the province. In 2024 five Munster clubs play in
2133-640: The first-class inter-provincial tournament, though Cricket Ireland does have plans to include Munster in the format. The Irish language , or more specifically Munster Irish , is spoken as a first language in Gaeltachtaí (Irish speaking areas) in a number of areas in the province. This includes West Kerry ( Corca Dhuibhne ), South Kerry ( Uíbh Ráthach ), West Cork ( Múscraí ), south-west Cork ( Oileán Cléire ), and parts of Waterford ( Gaeltacht na Rinne or Gaeltacht na nDéise ). There are about 35,000 Irish language speakers in Munster, with 9,737 native speakers in
2212-634: The local authorities of Cork County Council and Cork City Council respectively. The boundary between these two areas was altered by the 2019 Cork boundary change . It is part of the Southern Region and has five representatives on the Southern Regional Assembly . For elections to Dáil Éireann , the city and county are divided into five constituencies: Cork East , Cork North-Central , Cork North-West , Cork South-Central and Cork South-West . Together they return 18 deputies ( TDs ) to
2291-666: The longest coastline in Ireland , alongside Mayo and Donegal . Cork is also one of just three counties to border two bodies of water – the Celtic Sea to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Cork marks the end of the Wild Atlantic Way , the tourism trail from County Donegal 's Inishowen Peninsula to Kinsale The county is colloquially referred to as "The Rebel County", although uniquely Cork does not have an official motto. This name has 15th-century origins, but from
2370-587: The "bible" of Irish language, and Tomás Rathaille, Superior General of the Presentation Brothers 1905–1925 who wrote two books of Irish poetry: An Spideog and An Cuaicín Draoidheachta . This tradition of poetry continues to present day with Bernard O'Donoghue (now a lecturer in Oxford University) who won the prestigious Whitbread prize for a collection of poems in 1993/94. Professor Daniel Corkery, author of The Hidden Ireland wrote that Sliabh Luachra
2449-694: The 19th century, Cork was a centre for the Fenians and for the constitutional nationalism of the Irish Parliamentary Party , from 1910 that of the All-for-Ireland Party . The county was a hotbed of guerrilla activity during the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921). Three Cork Brigades of the Irish Republican Army operated in the county and another in the city. Prominent actions included
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2528-471: The 20th century, the name has been more commonly attributed to the prominent role Cork played in the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) when it was the scene of considerable fighting. In addition, it was an anti-Treaty stronghold during the Irish Civil War (1922–23). Much of what is now county Cork was once part of the Kingdom of Deas Mumhan (South Munster ), anglicised as the "Desmond" , ruled by
2607-519: The 21 Gaelscoileanna and six Gaelcholáistí all across the county. According to the Irish Census 2006, there are 4,896 people in the county who identify themselves as being daily Irish speakers outside of the education system. The village of Ballingeary is a centre for Irish language tuition, with a summer school, Coláiste na Mumhan, or the College of Munster. The song "The Banks of My Own Lovely Lee"
2686-498: The 9th century, the Gaels had been joined by Norse Vikings who founded towns such as Cork , Waterford and Limerick , for the most part, incorporated into a maritime empire by the Dynasty of Ivar , who periodically would threaten Munster with conquest in the next century. Around this period Ossory broke away from Munster. The Eóganachta dominated Munster until the 10th century, which saw
2765-552: The Cork/Kerry border is known as Sliabh Luachra. This uninhabited wet, marshy, rushy, mountain area of the old Kingdom of Luachra was first noted in the Annals of Inisfallen in 534 when the King of Luacar won a battle against Tuathal Moel nGarb. It came to light again in 741 AD with the death of Cuaine, Abbot of Ferna and Flan Ferna, son of Cormac King of Luachra. Hundreds of years ago, the area
2844-626: The Crown Lands of County Cork addressed the Government's apprehensions in the House of Commons . It also pointed out that, in the summer, farmers from North Kerry and parts of West Limerick would transport butter on horseback via a mountain path through the Rockchapel to Newmarket, two firkins per horse. There, it was transferred to horse carts carrying 24 firkins and sent on to the largest butter market in
2923-413: The Dáil. It is part of the South constituency for European elections . Cork is the largest county in Ireland by land area, and the largest of Munster's six counties by population and area. At the latest census in 2022, the population of the entire county stood at 584,156. Cork is the second- most populous county in the State, and the third-most populous county on the island of Ireland. County Cork
3002-409: The European headquarters of Apple , and the farmer-owned dairy co-operative Dairygold . The county is known as the "rebel county", a name given to it by King Henry VII of England for its support, in a futile attempt at a rebellion in 1491, of Perkin Warbeck , who claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York . The local government areas of county Cork and the city of Cork are administered by
3081-529: The Limerick villages of Killeedy, Tournafulla , Templeglantine , Athea , Mountcollins and Abbeyfeale The name Sliabh Luachra means "a mountain of rushes". However, it is not a single mountain, but a rolling plateau interspersed with what is generally accepted as its seven glens , or 'seacht ngleann Shliabh Luachra', over which various mountain peaks reach heights of 500 metres. Munster Munster ( Irish : an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ] )
3160-464: The Munster Gaeltacht areas of Cork, Kerry and Waterford. There are also 12,219 pupils attending 45 Gaelscoils (Irish language primary schools) and 15 Gaelcholáiste (Irish language secondary schools) in the province. As of the Census of Ireland 2011 there were 13,193 daily speakers outside the education system in Munster. The province is divided into six traditional counties : Clare , Cork , Kerry , Limerick , Tipperary and Waterford . Munster
3239-413: The Tudor conquest of Ireland, a group known as the West Country Men played a role in the colonization of Munster, attempts to settle a joint stock colony at Kerrycurrihy in 1568 was made and Richard Grenville also seized lands for colonization at Tracton, to the west of Cork harbour. The Munster plantation was the largest colonial venture of the English at the time. By the mid-19th century much of
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3318-471: The United States. Cobh (at the time named 'Queenstown') was the last stop of the RMS Titanic before it departed on its fated journey. Fota Wildlife Park , on Fota Island , is also a tourist attraction. Nearby is Fota House and Gardens and the Fota Golf Club and Resort ; a European Tour standard golf course which hosted the Irish Open in 2001, 2002 and 2014. West Cork is known for its rugged natural environment, beaches and social atmosphere, and
3397-456: The area was hit hard in the Great Famine , especially the west. The province was affected by events in the Irish War of Independence in the early 20th century, and there was a brief Munster Republic during the Irish Civil War . The Irish leaders Michael Collins and earlier Daniel O'Connell came from families of the old Gaelic Munster gentry. Noted for its traditions in Irish folk music , and with many ancient castles and monasteries in
3476-534: The charismatic Gaelic poet Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin (1748–1784). This latter poet's many exploits live on in local folklore, as do his poetry and aislings (dramatic descriptions). His solo set dance, "Rodney's Glory," was composed in 1783 and follows his adventures after being forced to join the British Navy. Sliabh Luachra was also the birthplace of the folklorist, poet and translator Edward Walsh (1805–1850), actor and storyteller, Eamon Kelly (1914-2001), Patrick S. Dinneen , who compiled Dineen's Dictionary, viewed as
3555-401: The city of Cork , the state's second-largest city. It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region . Its largest market towns are Mallow , Macroom , Midleton , and Skibbereen . As of 2022 , the county had a population of 584,156, making it the third- most populous county in Ireland. Cork County Council is the local authority for the county, while Cork City Council governs
3634-418: The city of Cork and its environs. Notable Corkonians include Michael Collins , Jack Lynch , Mother Jones , Roy Keane , Sonia O'Sullivan , Cillian Murphy and Graham Norton . Cork borders four other counties: Kerry to the west, Limerick to the north, Tipperary to the north-east and Waterford to the east. The county contains a section of the Golden Vale pastureland that stretches from Kanturk in
3713-436: The county, including Fermoy , suffered a similar fate. During the Irish Civil War (1922–23), most of the IRA units in Cork sided against the Anglo-Irish Treaty . From July to August 1922 they held the city and county as part of the so-called Munster Republic . However, Cork was taken by troops of the Irish Free State in August 1922 in the Irish Free State offensive , which included both overland and seaborne attacks. For
3792-669: The dairy cows of the region, and Glanbia is a food producer which operates an "innovation centre" in the region. Dawn Meats also operate from County Waterford. Irish-owned retailer Dunnes Stores was founded in Cork, and Ireland's largest supermarket group, the Musgrave Group , is also based in Munster. Large employers in the region include AOL , Bausch & Lomb , Dairygold, Dell , Amazon , Motorola , Amgen, Pfizer , Analog Devices, Fexco Financial Services, Vistakon, Waterford Crystal, Apple Computer , Intel , Novartis, O2, Lufthansa Technik, Kerry Group, Siemens , Sony and Blizzard Entertainment . The largest employment hub in Munster
3871-404: The dominant teams in Munster football are Kerry GAA and Cork GAA , although Tipperary GAA and Limerick GAA have also won All-Ireland Senior Football Championships . Kerry in particular are the most successful county in the history of football. Rugby is a popular game in the cities of Limerick and Cork. Munster Rugby is an Irish Rugby Football Union representative side which competes in
3950-450: The exact region of Sliabh Luachra, but it is generally accepted to refer to the mountainous, rush-filled upland that straddles the border area of Cork, Kerry, and Limerick , including the Kerry parishes of Ballymacelligott , Cordal, Brosna , Currow, Knocknagoshel, Barraduff, Gneeveguilla , Scartaglen and Rathmore , the Cork villages of Ballydesmond , Kiskeam , Rockchapel , Knocknagree , Cullen, Boherbue, Meelin , and Freemount , and
4029-420: The fight. The mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England, but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed. Cork's nickname of the 'rebel county' (and Cork city's of the 'rebel city') originates in these events. In 1601 the decisive Battle of Kinsale took place in County Cork, which was to lead to English domination of Ireland for centuries. Kinsale had been
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#17328489655644108-406: The four most successful teams in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship are from Munster; Cork GAA , Tipperary GAA and Limerick GAA . The final of the Munster Senior Hurling Championship is one of the most important days in the Irish GAA calendar. Munster is Ireland's only province whose every single county has won at least one All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship . Traditionally,
4187-436: The historic counties. Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO , the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State ( ISO 3166-2:IE ) and coded as "IE-M". Geographically, Munster covers a total area of 24,675 km (9,527 sq mi) and has a population of 1,373,346, with the most populated city being Cork . Other significant urban centres in
4266-401: The islands around Long Island Bay and Roaringwater Bay. Fastnet Rock lies in the Atlantic Ocean 11.3 km south of mainland Ireland, making it the most southerly point of Ireland . Many notable islands lie off Cork, including Bere , Great Island , Sherkin , and Cape Clear . With an estimated 1,199 km (745 mi) of coastline, Cork is one of three counties which claims to have
4345-399: The last stages of the Second Desmond Rebellion , Fr. Muiris Mac Ionrachtaigh , a Roman Catholic priest and the Rebel Earl's confessor and chaplain, was captured by Viscount Roche's Gallowglass upon Sliabh Luachra. He was hanged at Clonmel on 30 April 1585 and Beatified alongside 16 other Irish Catholic Martyrs by Pope John Paul II on 27 September 1992. The mountainous area along
4424-422: The local city or regional newspapers, a number of print outlets focus or market themselves on a provincial basis. These include the Avondhu (covering parts of Cork, Waterford, Limerick and Tipperary), the Nationalist & Munster Advertiser , the Munster Express , and others. County Cork County Cork ( Irish : Contae Chorcaí ) is the largest and the southernmost county of Ireland , named after
4503-513: The marine algae was housed in the herbarium of the botany department of the University College Cork. Parts of the South West coastline are hotspots for sightings of rare birds, with Cape Clear being a prime location for bird watching. The island is also home to one of only a few gannet colonies around Ireland and the UK. The coastline of Cork is sometimes associated with whale watching, with some sightings of fin whales, basking sharks, pilot whales, minke whales, and other species. Cork has
4582-404: The national total and approximately 12% of Cork's land area. It is home to one of the last remaining pieces of native woodland in Ireland and Europe. The hooded crow , Corvus cornix is a common bird, particularly in areas nearer the coast. Due to this bird's ability to (rarely) prey upon small lambs, the gun clubs of County Cork have killed many of these birds in modern times. A collection of
4661-412: The north of the county, especially the villages of Cill Na Martra ( Kilnamartyra ), Baile Bhúirne ( Ballyvourney ), Cúil Aodha ( Coolea ), Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh ( Ballingeary ), and Oileán Chléire ( Cape Clear Island ). There are 14,829 Irish language speakers in County Cork, with 3,660 native speakers in the Cork Gaeltacht. In addition, in 2011 there were 6,273 pupils attending
4740-445: The north to Allihies in the south. The south-west region, including West Cork , is one of Ireland's main tourist destinations, known for its rugged coast and megalithic monuments and as the starting point for the Wild Atlantic Way . The largest third-level institution is University College Cork , founded in 1845, and has a total student population of around 22,000. Local industry and employers include technology company Dell EMC ,
4819-517: The outbreak of the Great Famine, County Cork had a recorded population of 854,118. By the 2022 census , Cork city and county had a combined population of 584,156 people. As of the 2022 census, ethnically the population included 78.5% White Irish people, 9.9% other White background, 1.4% Asian and 1.1% Black. In 2022, the largest religious denominations in Cork were: Catholicism (71%), Church of Ireland (2.3%), Orthodox (1.2%), and Islam (1.2%). Those stating that they had no religion accounted for 15.7% of
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#17328489655644898-410: The province include Limerick and Waterford . In the early centuries AD, Munster was the domain of the Iverni peoples and the Clanna Dedad familial line, led by Cú Roí and to whom the king Conaire Mór also belonged. In the 5th century, Saint Patrick spent several years in the area and founded Christian churches and ordained priests. During the Early Middle Ages , most of the area was part of
4977-523: The province ranged from €28,094 in the South Tipperary/Waterford (South-East) region, to €50,544 in Cork and Kerry (South-West). Disposable income in the province was approximately €22,000 per person in 2008 - behind the Eastern and Dublin region (€25,000 per person) and ahead of the Border, Midland and Western regions (€20,000 per person). Munster's agricultural industry centres around the Golden Vale pasturelands which cover counties Cork, Limerick and Tipperary. Kerry Group manufactures dairy products from
5056-448: The province, Munster is a tourist destination. During the fifth century, St. Patrick spent seven years founding churches and ordaining priests in Munster, but a fifth-century bishop named Ailbe is the patron saint of Munster. In Irish mythology , a number of ancient goddesses are associated with the province including Anann , Áine , Grian , Clíodhna , Aimend , Mór Muman , Bébinn , Aibell and Mongfind . The druid-god of Munster
5135-475: The range of habitats found in the county. Important habitats in the uplands include blanket bog, heath, glacial lakes, and upland grasslands. Cork has the 13th-highest county peak in Ireland. Three rivers, the Bandon , Blackwater , and Lee , and their valleys dominate central Cork. Habitats of the valleys and floodplains include woodlands, marshes, fens, and species-rich limestone grasslands. The River Bandon flows through several towns, including Dunmanway to
5214-464: The remainder of the war, the county saw sporadic guerrilla fighting until the Anti-Treaty side called a ceasefire and dumped their arms in May 1923. Michael Collins , a key figure in the War of Independence, was born near Clonakilty and assassinated during the civil war in Béal na Bláth , both in west Cork. County Cork has two Gaeltacht areas in which the Irish language is the primary medium of everyday speech. These are Múscraí ( Muskerry ) in
5293-410: The rise of the Dalcassian clan, who had earlier annexed Thomond , north of the River Shannon to Munster. Their leaders were the ancestors of the O'Brien dynasty and spawned Brian Boru , perhaps the most noted High King of Ireland , and several of whose descendants were also high kings. By 1118, Munster had fractured into the Kingdom of Thomond under the O'Briens, the Kingdom of Desmond under
5372-447: The scene of a landing of Spanish troops to help Irish rebels in the Nine Years' War (1594–1603). When this force was defeated, the rebel hopes for victory in the war were all but ended. County Cork was officially created by a division of the older County Desmond in 1606. In the early 17th century, the townland of Leamcon (near Schull ) was a pirate stronghold , and pirates traded easily in Baltimore and Whiddy Island . In
5451-430: The sword and land and crops were burned, resulting in a great famine, impacting the area from Ventry to Cashel. Following this devastation, Munster began restoration with a half a million acres being declared Crown property and being distributed to English landlords. Former inhabitants were ordered to relocate to Connacht. Some of the dispossessed and poverty stricken people of Munster took refuge in Sliabh Luachra, which
5530-414: The west of the town of Bandon before draining into Kinsale Harbour on the south coast. Cork's sea loughs include Lough Hyne and Lough Mahon , and the county also has many small lakes. An area has formed where the River Lee breaks into a network of channels weaving through a series of wooded islands, forming 85 hectares of swampland around Cork's wooded area. The Environmental Protection Agency carried out
5609-435: The world in Cork City. In 1830, these farmers sent 30,000 firkins valued at 52,000, with much of it passing through the Rockchapel mountain path. This report then initiated a program of road building, including the road from Castle Island to Clonbanin, from Ballydesmond to Newmarket, and the new line road, along the Feale Valley from Feales Bridge through Rockchapel to Newmarket, The engineering work on these roads and bridges
5688-410: Was a Patrick Dillane who may have come from the Sliabh Luachra area. Many of the leaders of the movement hid in Sliabh Luachra, thereby creating British Government concern over the area's preponderance of outlaws and rebels. Further, the Government was not receiving any revenues from the area and was unable to control the 960 square miles due to lack of roads and communication. A report by James Weale on
5767-570: Was also Crown property. Much of this land was recorded as mountain pastures; however, the authorities were unsuccessful at its distribution to landlords. This area remained undisturbed and largely unaccounted for until the agrarian disturbances of the Rockite movement in the 1820s. The Rockite movement began in West Limerick in the summer of 1821. The first leader of the Rockite movement, known as Captain Rock,
5846-448: Was completed by Richard Griffith , who later became well known in Ireland through his Griffith valuations of 1852. The report also created the village of Kingwilliamstown (Ballydesmond), as was a model farm at Glencollins near Ballydesmond . Here, it was demonstrated that good grass could be grown on peaty soil by the use of burnt lime, resulting in the building of lime kilns in and around the Sliabh Luachra area. In 1896, Gneeveeguilla
5925-611: Was given an English Royal Charter in 1318 and for many centuries was an outpost for Old English culture. The Fitzgerald Desmond dynasty was destroyed in the Desmond Rebellions of 1569–1573 and 1579–1583. Much of county Cork was devastated in the fighting, particularly in the Second Desmond Rebellion . In the aftermath, much of Cork was colonised by English settlers in the Plantation of Munster . In 1491 Cork played
6004-504: Was one of Europe's leading centres of learning in the Early Middle Ages. Several sports in Munster are organised on a provincial basis, or operate competitions along provincial lines. This includes traditionally popular sports such as hurling , Gaelic football , rugby union and soccer, as well as cricket ( Munster Cricket Union ), hockey ( Munster Hockey Union ), and others. Munster is noted for its tradition of hurling . Three of
6083-400: Was sparsely populated. It was an area of bogs, rushes, marshes, and woodlands, an area only suitable for refugees trying to avoid the imperial authorities. Its remoteness and the barren soil proved attractive to those people as the authorities were less likely to bother them in their inhospitable environment. Settlement did not come to the remaining thousand square miles of Sliabh Luachra until
6162-415: Was the literary capital of Ireland. This region has a unique musical style which makes heavy use of the polka and the slide . Musicians from the area include Denis Murphy , Julia Clifford , Paddy Cronin , Padraig O'Keeffe , Terence Teahan , Johnny O'Leary , Maurice O' Keeffe, Jackie Daly , Con Curtin and Dónal Murphy . St Moling was born in Sliabh Luachra in 614 AD. On 17 September 1583, during
6241-490: Was the scene of the devastating moving bog, a landslide which wiped out an entire family as they slept. The first Auxiliary Division fatality was killed in Rathmore on 10 July 1920. The Headford Ambush took place at Barraduff in 1921. Thirty-two IRA volunteers ambushed a train carrying British soldiers. A total of sixteen people died including ten British soldiers, two IRA volunteers and four civilians. Opinions differ as to
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