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35-445: The provincial capital is the city of Sinop . Kızılırmak, Gökırmak, Sarsak çay, Karasu, Ayancık Suyu, Tepeçay, Çakıroğlu, Kanlıdere Sülüklü, Sarıkum Hamsilos Bay Sinop province is divided into 9 districts (capital district in bold ): It was part of Kastamonu Vilayet during the late Ottoman period . 42°00′N 35°00′E  /  42.000°N 35.000°E  / 42.000; 35.000 This article about

70-465: A Black Sea Region of Turkey location is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sinop, Turkey Sinop , historically known as Sinope ( Ancient Greek : Σινώπη , Sinōpē ), is a city on the isthmus of İnce Burun (İnceburun, Cape Ince) and on the Boztepe Peninsula , near Cape Sinope (Sinop Burnu, Boztepe Cape, Boztepe Burnu) which is situated on the northernmost edge of

105-512: A $ 15.8 billion nuclear power plant to be developed by Elektrik Üretim , Engie , Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Itochu . The plant would consist of four reactors, with construction to begin in 2017 and completion by 2028. The project was cancelled in 2018. Visitor attraction places in Sinop are: Pasha Bastion ( Turkish : Paşa Tabyası ) is a half-moon coastal bastion , a semi-circular fortification, situated southeast of Sinop Peninsula. It

140-472: A dolphin or marine animal in its talons have been found in Sinope, Istria and Olbia . Located in present-day Turkey, Romania and Ukraine respectively, all three were colonies of Miletus. The coins circulated between c. 450 and 325 BC. Coins of the "Sinope type" continued to be issued by Persians under Achaemenid rule in the 4th century BC. At least two Persian issuers of such coins have been studied in some detail:

175-501: Is a 1941-established archaeological museum exhibiting artifacts dating back to Early Bronze Age and from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods as well. Sinop Ethnographic Museum ( Turkish : Sinop Etnografya Müzesi ) is a museum of ethnographic exhibits belonging to the cultural history of the region. It is situated in a large 18th-century mansion. Statue of Diogenes ( Turkish : Diyojen Heykeli )

210-461: Is a defunct state prison situated inside the Sinop Fortress. Served between 1887 and 1997, the prison rose to fame when it featured in many literature works of notable authors, who were inmates of the prison for political reasons. It became also a shooting set for many movies and television series. It is a prison museum today. Sinop Archaeological Museum ( Turkish : Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi )

245-468: Is a former Islamic religious school , which was closed down after the proclamation of the Republic . The 13th-century building was used as a depot for archaeological artifacts and ethnographic items from 1932 on, and served as a museum between 1941 and 1970. It hosts souvenir shops today. Sinop Fortress ( Turkish : Sinop Kalesi ) is a fortification surrounding the peninsula and the isthmus of Sinop. It

280-455: Is a monument to the Ancient Greek philosopher Diogenes of Sinope born in Sinop in about 412 BC. Sinope has given its name to the outermost satellite of Jupiter . A crater on Mars is named after Sinop too. Sinop has ten sister cities: Pharnaces I Pharnaces I ( Greek : Φαρνάκης ; lived 2nd century BC) was the fifth king of Pontus . Of Persian and Greek ancestry, he

315-473: Is about 230 m (750 ft) long and has a clearance of 1.50 m (4.9 ft). There exists a 20–30 m (66–98 ft) high cylindrical ventilation shaft of 1.50 m (4.9 ft) diameter. Balatlar Church ( Turkish : Balatlar Kilisesi ) is a ruined church from the Byzantine Empire period. It is partly preserved as only the chapel vault is in undamaged condition while other parts of

350-559: Is dated in the Archonship of the Athenian Tychandros or Tychander which is now generally accepted as 160 BC or 159 BC. Nysa bore Pharnaces two children: a son called Mithridates V of Pontus and a daughter called Nysa of Cappadocia , who is also known as Laodice . Nysa died at an unknown date in the 2nd century BC; she is believed to have died during childbirth. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

385-624: The Population Exchange between Greece and Turkey, with many settling in Nea Sinopi . Sinop hosted a US military base and radar that was important for intelligence during the Cold War era . The US base was closed in 1992. Explorer Robert Ballard discovered an ancient ship wreck north west of Sinop in the Black Sea and was shown on National Geographic . Greek coins featuring an eagle holding

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420-578: The sacking of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204, it was captured for the Empire of Trebizond by David Komnenos , until the Seljuk Turks of Rûm successfully captured the city in 1214. The city returned briefly to Trapezuntine rule in 1254, but returned to Turkish control in 1265, where it has remained since. After 1265, Sinop became home to two successive independent emirates following

455-677: The satrap Datames in Cappadocia and Ariarathes . Sinop is located on a promontory at the narrowest point of the Black Sea. It has two harbors and is located along the southern shore of the Black Sea, near the shortest crossing to the Crimea . The nearby mountainous terrain is green and noted for its timber . Sinop has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa, Trewartha : Cf ). Sinop has warm summers with an average daytime high of 26 °C (79 °F), and temperatures rarely exceed 30 °C (86 °F). The winters are cool and wet,

490-484: The 13th century. In the 19th and 20th centuries it was also settled by the muhacir who immigrated from the Balkans and Caucasus . The Greek colony of Sinope ( Greek : Σινώπη , romanized :  Sinṓpē ) was founded by Ionians from the city of Miletus . Sinope issued its own coinage, founded colonies, and gave its name to a red earth pigment called sinopia , which was mined in Cappadocia for use throughout

525-425: The 4th century disrupted Sinope's control over its eastern colonies, including Trapezus (present day Trabzon). The satrap Datames briefly occupied the city around 375 BC. There is archaeological evidence of increased economic activity between the port city of Sinope and the surrounding inland areas during between 4th and 1st c. BC. Sinope appears to have maintained its independence from the dominion of Alexander

560-532: The Great , and with the help of Rhodes turned back an assault led by Mithridates II of Pontus in 220 BC. Sinope eventually fell to Pharnaces I in 183 BC, after which it became the capital of the Pontic Kingdom . The Roman general Lucullus conquered Sinope in 70 BC, and Julius Caesar established a Roman colony there, Colonia Julia Felix, in 47 BC. Mithradates Eupator was born and buried at Sinope, and it

595-612: The Romans. Pharnaces married a Seleucid Princess called Nysa , who was the child of princess Laodice IV and crown prince Antiochus . Nysa and Pharnaces were related as the parents of Nysa were Pharnaces' first cousins. Pharnaces married Nysa either in 172 BC or 171 BC, through the diplomatic work of the Seleucid King Demetrius I Soter . Honorific statues and inscriptions have survived that were dedicated to Pharnaces and Nysa. Pharnaces set about to establish good relations with

630-570: The Turkish side of the Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia , in modern-day northern Turkey . It is the seat of Sinop Province and Sinop District . Its population is 57,404 (2022). Over a period of approximately 2,500 years, Sinope has at various times been settled by Colchians and then the Greeks (in the late 7th, late 5th, and 4th–3rd centuries BC) and by Turkic people beginning in

665-433: The ancient world. Some scholars have dated the earliest Greek colonization of Sinope to the 7th c. BC, while others have proposed an earlier date in the 8th c. While literary evidence exists supporting earlier settlement, archaeological evidence has been found of Greek settlement around the Black Sea region beginning in the late 7th century. Sinope was strategically located among the trade routes that were developing on

700-497: The average for February is just below 7 °C (45 °F). Snowfall is occasional December to March, sometimes lasting a week or two. As of 1920, Sinop was producing embroidered cotton cloth. They also were known for boatbuilding . The boats produced in Sinop were described by a British observer as being of "primitive design but sound workmanship." Sinop was slated to be the site of the Sinop Nuclear Power Plant ,

735-574: The church have no roof any more. Fresco paintings on the chapel's ceiling and on the nave walls are still intact. Serapeum is a ruined temple dedicated to the combined Hellenistic - Ancient Egyptian deity Serapis , situated in the southwestern corner in the yard of Sinop Archaeological Museum . Alaaddin Mosque is a 13th-century mosque of Seljuk architecture named after its endower Sultan Alaaddin Kayqubad I (1188–1237). Pervane Medrese

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770-596: The citizens of Athens and the Greek island of Delos . Pharnaces made a benefaction to the people of Athens. The exact nature of the benefaction is unknown; Pharnaces may have made some kind of voluntary donation to Athens, possibly soon after 183 BC. A lengthy honorific inscription from the Athenians on Delos honors Pharnaces and Nysa. Pharnaces and Nysa received a crown of gold from them and bronze statues of themselves were set up on Delos. Their lengthy Athenian honorific inscription

805-451: The demands of Pharnaces being rejected by the Romans as unreasonable, and the war was in consequence renewed. It continued, apparently with various interruptions, until the summer of 179 BC, when Pharnaces, finding himself unable to cope with the combined forces of Eumenes II and Ariarathes IV, was compelled to purchase peace with the cession of all his conquests in Galatia and Paphlagonia , with

840-408: The exception of Sinope. How long he continued to reign after this we know not; but it appears, from an incidental notice, that he was still on the throne in 170 BC, while he was certainly dead in 154 BC, when his brother Mithridates IV of Pontus is mentioned as King. The Greek historian Polybius accuses Pharnaces of having an arrogant and violent character, siding with the opinion of Eumenes II and

875-624: The fall of the Seljuks: the Pervâne and the Jandarids . During his march on Trebizond , the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II overawed Ismail, the emir of Sinop, and forced him to surrender the city without a fight. Mehmet took possession in late June 1461, exiling Ismail to Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv ) in northern Thrace. Ibn Battuta visited the city and stayed for about forty days. He noted it

910-453: The important city of Sinope , which had been long an object of ambition to the Kings of Pontus. The Rhodians sent an embassy to Rome to complain of this aggression, but without effect. About the same time Pharnaces became involved in disputes with his neighbour, King of Pergamon , Eumenes II , which led to repeated embassies from both monarchs to Rome, as well as to partial hostilities. But in

945-587: The late 19th and early 20th century, Sinop was part of the Kastamonu Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire . As of 1920, Sinop was described as populated mainly by Greeks with an approximate population of 8,000. It was also considered the "safest" port "between Bosphorus and Batum ", at the time. During this period, the port was exporting wheat , tobacco , seeds, timber and hides. They imported produce, coal and hardware. The Greek inhabitants left in 1923 after

980-612: The rebellion of the Armeniac Theme in 793, was the site of Theophobos ' proclamation as emperor by his Khurramite troops in 838, and suffered its only attack by the Arabs in 858. In 1081, the city was captured by the Seljuk Turks , who found there a sizeable treasury, but Sinope was soon recovered by Alexios I Komnenos , ushering a period of prosperity under the Komnenian dynasty . After

1015-514: The southern Coast of the Black Sea, but remained relatively isolated from other inland communities until the 4th century BC. There is literary evidence of early links between Colchis and Sinope in mythological tradition. Strabo ' s writings link the legendary founder of Sinope, Autolycus , with Jason and the Argonauts . Polybius described Sinope as being "on the way to Phasis ". The Persian Achaemenid Empire ' s northward expansion in

1050-554: The spring of 181 BC, without waiting for the return of his ambassadors, Pharnaces suddenly attacked both Eumenes II and King Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia and invaded Galatia with a large force. Eumenes II opposed him at the head of an army: but hostilities were soon suspended by the arrival of the Roman deputies, appointed by the Senate to inquire into the matters in dispute. Negotiations were accordingly opened at Pergamon but led to no result,

1085-601: Was "a superb city which combines fortification with beautification." In 1614, Sinop was targeted by Cossack raiders and extensively looted and burned in an event which shocked Ottoman contemporaries. In November 1853, at the start of the Crimean War , in the Battle of Sinop , the Russians , under the command of Admiral Nakhimov , destroyed an Ottoman frigate squadron in Sinop, leading Britain and France to declare war on Russia. In

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1120-466: Was built initially by migrants from Miletus in the 8th century BC. The fortress underwent reparation and expansion to its current extent during the reign of King Mithridates IV of Pontus in the 2nd century BC after its destruction by the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC. Some parts of the fortress, especially the north walls, are ruined. Sinop Fortress Prison ( Turkish : Sinop Tarihi Cezaevi )

1155-507: Was constructed to protect the city against attacks coming from the Black Sea during the Russo-Turkish War, Crimean War (1853–1856). It features an artillery battery of eleven cannons, an arsenal and basement. Today, it is used as a place for refreshments premise. Historic Water Tunnel ( Turkish : Tarihi Su Kanalı ) is an ancient underground water supply channel situated at Sülüklü Göl (literally: Lake of Leeches . Dug in rock, it

1190-670: Was the birthplace of Diogenes , of Diphilus , poet and actor of the New Attic comedy , of the historian Baton, and of the Christian heretic of the 2nd century AD, Marcion . After the division of the Roman Empire in 395, Sinope remained with the Eastern Roman Empire . Its history in the early Byzantine period is obscure, except for isolated events: it was used by Justinian II as a base from which to reconnoitre Cherson , participated in

1225-506: Was the son of King Mithridates III of Pontus and his wife Laodice , whom he succeeded on the throne. Pharnaces had two siblings: a brother called Mithridates IV of Pontus and a sister called Laodice who both succeeded Pharnaces. He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus. The date of his accession cannot be fixed with certainty; but it is certain, at least, that he was on the throne before 183 BC, in which year he succeeded in reducing

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