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35-544: Silves may refer to : Europe [ edit ] Silves, Portugal , municipality and former bishopric in Algarve, southern Portugal Silves (parish) , a civil parish in the municipality of Silves Castle of Silves , a medieval castle in civil parish of Silves Diocese of Silves , former bishopric with see in Silves Silves Cathedral , its mother church in

70-664: A Lusitanian Castro in pre-Roman times; however the region was also settled by other Indo-European tribes, such as the Celtici and Cynetes (or Conii). Silves was once also part of the Visigothic Kingdom (418–c. 721). After 713, when the Moors invaded Iberia , Silves became part of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba under the Arabic name of Shilb (شلب). In the 10th century it was one of

105-488: A Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ) with hot, very dry summers and mild, wet winters. The climate in the municipality of Silves is slightly more continentalized than the Algarvian coast, leading temperatures to be higher during the day and lower during the night in every season of the year. Temperatures in the winter vary between 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 5–6 °C (41–43 °F) at night. Temperatures in

140-458: A Pietà , is an example of Gothic style . Over the years, the cross has moved around the city, settling in its current 19th-century location in 1957, surrounded by a garden. The municipality is crossed by the Arade River , which was navigable in historical times and was key to the prosperity of the city of Silves. The waters of the river form the reservoirs of Arade and Funcho. The landscape of

175-611: A pisé -core and were heavily restored in the 1940s. Protruding towers of the albarra -type protect the Northern slope. After the Christian conquest, the castle served as the seat of the alcaide-mor (provincial governor) until the middle of the 16th century; afterwards the towers were used as a prison. Silves Cathedral was built in 1189 where an old mosque used to stand. It combines Baroque and Gothic styles. Inside there are tombs of local bishops and dignitaries, as well as tombs of some of

210-493: A single ship carrying about 100 English crusaders separated from its fleet by a storm arrived in Silves amid great confusion. Bishop Nicholas begged them to take part in the city's defence, while the citizens scuttled their ship. After they were promised a replacement ship, they agreed to join the defence. The names of the leaders of this contingent are not known. The other nine ships of the fleet landed at Lisbon while King Sancho

245-584: A truce, freeing himself to concentrate on Portugal. From Córdoba, al-Manṣūr launched an invasion of the Alentejo . The town of Torres Novas surrendered. Its defenders were given their liberty, but the town was razed. The caliph then marched on Tomar , which was owned by the Knights Templar . His main objective, however, was Santarém. At this juncture, two groups of crusaders made landfall in Portugal. At Silves,

280-555: Is also in the municipality of Silves, as well as a branch of the Instituto Piaget , a higher education institution. [REDACTED] Sieges of Silves (1190%E2%80%931191) The Almohad Caliphate launched a major offensive against the Kingdom of Portugal in the spring of 1190 that lasted into the summer of 1191. The Caliph Yaʿqūb al-Manṣūr crossed over from Africa to take personal command of his forces. The campaign of 1190

315-458: Is situated on a hill above the Arade River . Silves Castle is located on the top of the hill. It occupies ca. 12,000 m . Archaeological excavations have shown that the oldest buildings date back to the 8th century, the stratigraphy is almost 6 m deep and contains Iron Age remains as well. Silves Castle is widely regarded as the finest example of Arab military architecture in Portugal. The walls are made of red sandstone (grés de Silves) with

350-583: The Crusaders who fought here against the Moors all those years ago. Igreja da Misericórdia de Silves is church across from the cathedral with specific door from the 16th century in the Manueline style. It is placed halfway up the building. Inside the church is huge altarpiece from the 17th century. The Roman Bridge, or Ponte Romana Bridge holds a significant place in history. It is believed to have been built back when

385-558: The Metal Age and is linked to the beginning of an old tradition in metallurgy in the area, and the cork industry, implemented in the second half of the nineteenth century, triggered the economic and urban development of Silves. The agricultural area occupies about 10.3% of the municipality, being typical the cultivation of cereals for grain, nuts, citrus fruits including famed orange orchards, meadows, permanent pastures, fallow and olive groves. The municipality of Silves, where important part of

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420-508: The Palaeolithic , as attested by archaeological remains, including several menhirs . The river Arade , which was navigable in historical times, linked the hinterland to the open ocean and allowed the transport of produce and commerce. The town of Silves ( Cilpes ) was possibly founded during the times of Roman domination , when the region was part of the Lusitania province. It was probably

455-413: The Algarve's citrus fruit production is concentrated, has created an Orange Route ( Rota da Laranja ), with different routes through the area. The Orange Route provides the visitor with several suggestions and agents that allow them to build a route that covers all stages of orange production, from the orchard to its packaging. This route has partnerships with some local producers who are available to welcome

490-518: The Iberian Christian kingdoms, bringing back booty and slaves. The governor of Córdoba attacked Silves in 1191, and took 3,000 Christian slaves. In 1197, the city was attacked by German crusaders , but did not permanently change hands. The town was finally taken from the last Muslim king Ibn Afan by Paio Peres Correia , Grand-Master of the Order of Santiago in 1242, after the Alentejo and most of

525-643: The Romans were in charge. This sturdy stone bridge stretches right over the Rio Arade, standing as a strong reminder of Roman architecture . Opened in 1990, the Silves Municipal Archaeological Museum is located just below Silves Cathedral and Silves Castle . The museum is built over an 18-meter-deep, 4-meter-wide well that dates from the Almohad establishment of the city in the 11th century. The site

560-533: The Santa Misericórdia Church with a fine door in Manueline style (the main body of the church was built in 1727–28); a museum for cork and the production of bottle corks in a defunct factory which is now also a centre for cultural events called " Fábrica do Inglês (The Englishman's Factory); and the municipal museum (Museu Municipal de Arqueologia) with findings from the palaeolithic onwards. The town

595-484: The caliph was joined by forces from Seville and Granada . In June, he laid siege to Silves . In July, the Almohad navy joined the siege. The caliph, however, left operations in the hands of local troops and took most of his expeditionary force to Córdoba . His cousin, al-Sayyid Yaḥyā ibn ʿUmar, was left in command at Silves. At Córdoba, the caliph met an embassy from King Alfonso VIII of Castile , with whom he signed

630-637: The coast had already fallen in 1238. The great mosque was changed into Silves Cathedral ( Sé Catedral ). Silves declined in importance thereafter and was eclipsed in the region by Faro during the colonial period . In 1491, the town of Silves was given to queen Eleanora by her husband, king John II of Portugal . In the 19th century, Silves became an important centre for the Portuguese cork industry. The industry's decline began after cork factory workers, instigated by communist and anarcho-syndicalist organizations resorting to coercion at gunpoint, supported

665-498: The failed Portuguese general strike of 1934 , after which the authoritarian Estado Novo regime retaliated by effectively closing down the industry in the town. In the 21st century, the municipality became host to The Iberian Lynx National Breeding Center (Silves' Center). Parts of the Almohad town wall, constructed from poured concrete, have been preserved, as well as the Almedina-gate (Porta de Loulé ). Other sights include

700-478: The historical neighborhoods of Silves near the castle is one of the biggest and most visited summer festivals in the Algarve. Near the coast, in Armação de Pêra and its beaches, tourism is very important during summertime in terms of number of visitors and revenue. The city has kindergartens and elementary schools. Besides the local state-run secondary school , Deutsche Schule Algarve , a German international school,

735-478: The most important towns in western Al-Andalus . Silves became an independent taifa in 1027 under the rule of Ibn Mozaine and his son, who was dethroned in 1051 by al-Mu'tadid, the governor of Seville . al-Mu'tamid ibn 'Abbad, the son of al-Mu'tadid and a famous poet, ruled the taifa of Silves until 1091. After the Almoravid conquest the town became Almohad in 1156. In 1189, King Sancho I of Portugal conquered

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770-531: The municipality is generally hilly. To the south the municipality borders the Atlantic Ocean . Silves is built on top of one of the largest aquifers in the south of Portugal, The Querença-Silves Aquifer [1] , and has many orange groves, a fruit introduced by the Moors. Silves is about 15 kilometers north of the nearest stretch of Algarve coast, 20 kilometers northeast of Portimão and 62 kilometers northwest of Faro International Airport by road. Silves has

805-434: The municipality of Silves Taifa of Silves , medieval Muslim emirate around the city of Silves. Americas [ edit ] Silves, Amazonas , municipality in state of Amazonas , Brazil ; Ilha de Silves , the island with the same name as the municipality of Silves, Amazonas [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

840-519: The public and provide several experiences in their orchards. There visitors can find gastronomic, cultural, landscape, accommodation, thematic itineraries, among other experiences. As for livestock, poultry, sheep and pigs stand out as the main species raised. Silves has a low forest density, little over 15% (15.1%) of the usable agricultural area, corresponding to 11,187 hectares. The city of Silves proper attracts many visitors due to its ancient castle and other urban attractions. The annual Medieval Fair in

875-498: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silves&oldid=769085594 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Silves, Portugal The region of Silves has been inhabited since

910-430: The siege of Silves, whose attackers were running short on supplies in any case. He retreated with his army to Seville, where he wintered. In April 1191, al-Manṣūr launched a second attempt to reconquer Silves. He first endeavoured to take Alcácer do Sal by force , before settling down to a siege. The defenders soon capitulated on terms and were given their liberty. Unlike Torres Novas, which he had razed, Alcácer do Sal

945-406: The summer vary between 30–31 °C (86–88 °F) during the day and 15–17 °C (59–63 °F) at night. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 6 civil parishes ( freguesias ): The activities linked to the secondary sector play a very important role in the municipality's economy. The cork and extractive industries are the main activities. The extractive industry emerged in

980-561: The town with the aid of Northern European crusaders. Sancho ordered the fortification of the city and built a castle, which is today an important monument of Portuguese heritage. At the time he also styled himself "By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and Silves ( Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugalliæ et Silbis ). However, he soon lost the town again to the Almohads after sieges in 1190 and 1191 . Periodic raiding expeditions were sent from Al-Andalus to ravage

1015-448: Was burned. While Sancho and the 500 crusaders were marching south, a further 63 English ships arrived in Lisbon. Rioting broke out between the crusaders and the city's Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. Sancho returned to restore order, but in a few days rioting broke out anew. Some 700 crusaders were arrested. The ships left Lisbon on 24 July. After falling ill, al-Manṣūr decided to break off

1050-449: Was captured by King Sancho I of Portugal with help from some crusaders on their way to join the siege of Acre . In April 1190, al-Manṣūr finally launched his invasion. The Bayān al-mughrib of Ibn ʿIdhārī reports that around this time he defeated a fleet of northern crusaders near the Strait of Gibraltar , capturing many and receiving praise from the poets. In al-Andalus (Iberia),

1085-521: Was formerly occupied by a 19th-century residence before the building was demolished to form the museum. Cruz de Portugal is a significant religious monument encapsulating Silves’ Christian history. It is crafted from white limestone and adorned with intricate carvings, its exact origins are unknown, with estimates placing it from the late 14th to the late 15th century. It is widely believed to have been gifted to Silves by D. Manuel I in 1499. The cross, standing at 3 meters and showcasing Christ crucified and

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1120-422: Was garrisoned by the caliph and placed under the command of Muḥammad ibn Sı̄dray ibn Wazı̄r. For its upkeep, the caliph designated certain funds from Ceuta and Seville. After Alcácer do Sal, the towns Palmela , Coina and Almada were quickly captured. Leiria was destroyed and the Almohads raided as far north as the environs of Coimbra . The castle of Alvor , whose population had been massacred in 1189 ,

1155-533: Was preparing to march in defence of Santarém. According to Roger of Hoveden , 500 crusaders agreed to join the king. With their arrival, Sancho rebuffed al-Manṣūr's offer of a seven-year truce, which would have required surrendering Silves. The king took up a position in Santarém, which came under siege. Facing stronger resistance than anticipated, the caliph abandoned Tomar and Santarém and retreated south. The siege of Tomar had lasted five days. In retreat, Torres Novas

1190-430: Was retaken. For his second siege of Silves , al-Manṣūr brought four times as many siege engines as the defenders had. In late June, he launched an assault on Silves and breached the walls. The defenders retreated into the citadel and were besieged. With the king's permission, they surrendered on 25 July and were allowed to leave. After signing a five-year truce with Sancho, al-Manṣūr returned to Africa. He had pushed

1225-622: Was underwhelming because of assistance Portugal received from passing armies of the Third Crusade . The sieges of Tomar , Santarém and Silves had to be abandoned, but the caliph overwintered in Seville . The campaign of 1191 reversed Portugal's recent reconquests , captured Silves after a second siege and pushed the frontier north to the Tagus . Yaʿqūb al-Manṣūr spent most of 1188–1189 preparing an expedition against Portugal. In September 1189, Silves

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