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38-816: Sighetu Marmației is situated along the Tisa river on the border with Ukraine , across from the Ukrainian town of Solotvyno . Neighboring communities include: Sarasău , Săpânța , Câmpulung la Tisa , Ocna Șugatag , Giulești , Vadu Izei , Rona de Jos and Bocicoiu Mare communities in Romania, Bila Cerkva community and the Solotvyno township in Ukraine ( Zakarpattia Oblast ). The city administers five villages: Iapa ( Kabolapatak ), Lazu Baciului ( Bácsiláz ), Șugău ( Sugó ), Valea Cufundoasă ( Mélypatak ) and Valea Hotarului ( Határvölgy ). At

76-518: A Lemnului ). Turning out furniture and other wood products, the enterprise had over 6,000 employees and played an important part in the city's economic development. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, it gradually fell upon hard times, with nine private firms employing some 3,500 in 2012. A second important employer during the Communist period was a textile factory. In May 2014, a commemoration

114-560: A century. The Tisza River is part of the Danube River catchment area. It is the tributary with the largest catchment area (~157,000 km ). It accounts for more than 19% of the Danube river basin. The Tisza water system is shared by five countries: Ukraine (8%), Slovakia (10%), Hungary (29%), Romania (46%) and Serbia (7%). The Tisza River Basin area and average discharge (period from 1946–2006) by country The 1800–2500 m high ridge of

152-619: A considerable number of Jews from other parts of Romania. By 2002, the town had 20 remaining Jews. Towards the end of World War II, the city was taken back from Hungarian and German troops by Romanian and Soviet forces in October 1944. The Paris Peace Treaties of 1947 voided the Vienna Awards, and reaffirmed the Trianon borders. In 1948, the new Communist regime nationalized the city's factories, three publishing houses and banks. In 1950, with

190-722: Is known as the Tibisco in Italian , and in older French references (as for instance in relation to the naval battles on the Danube between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries) it is often referred to as the Tibisque . Another theory is that it is derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *teišus meaning still, quiet, silent to describe the river. Modern names for

228-415: The 2021 census , Sighetu Marmației had a population of 32,793. At the 2011 census , the city had 37,640 inhabitants; of those, 82.2% were Romanians , 13% Hungarians , 2.3% Ukrainians , and Roma . According to the 1910 census, the city had 21,370 inhabitants; these consisted of 17,542 (82.1%) Hungarian speakers, 2,002 (9.4%) Romanian, 1,257 (5.9%) German , and 32 Ruthenian speakers. The number of Jews

266-659: The Carpathian Mountains create in a semi circle the northern, eastern and southeastern boundary of the Tisza catchment. The western - southwestern reach of the watershed is comparatively low in some places – on its Hungarian and Serbian parts it is almost flat. The area is divided roughly along the centreline by the Carpathians Mountains , east of which lies the 400–600 m high plateau of the Transylvanian Basin , and

304-454: The Danube near the village of Stari Slankamen in Vojvodina , Serbia . The Tisza drains an area of about 156,087 km (60,266 sq mi) and has a length of 966 km (600 mi) Its mean annual discharge is seasonally 792 m /s (28,000 cu ft/s) to 1,050 m /s (37,000 cu ft/s). It contributes about 13% of the Danube's total runoff . Attila

342-514: The European Union , this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza. Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought. The Tisza has a rich and varied wildlife. Over 200 species of birds reside in the bird reserve of Tiszafüred. The flood plains along the river boast large amounts of diverse plant and animal life. In particular,

380-556: The Kingdom of Hungary . Today, it crosses several national borders. The Tisza begins near Rakhiv in Ukraine , at the confluence of the White Tisa  [ uk ] and Black Tisa  [ uk ] , which is at coordinates 48°4′29″N 24°14′40″E  /  48.07472°N 24.24444°E  / 48.07472; 24.24444 (the former springs in the Chornohora mountains ;

418-724: The Slovak Republic is predominantly hilly area and the highest mountain peak in Kráľova hoľa - in the Low Tatras Mountain Range at 1948 m. The lowland area lies in the south, forming the northern edge of the Hungarian Lowland . The lowest point in the Slovak Republic is the village of Streda nad Bodrogom in the eastern Slovak lowland (96 m) in the Bodrog River Basin. The Hungarian and Vojvodina ( Serbia ) part of

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456-514: The counties replaced by regions , Sighet lost its status as an administrative center and became part of the Maramureș Region  [ ro ] . In 1960, the building of neighborhoods with apartment blocks began. The same year, the town's name became Sighetul Marmației ; the final “l” was dropped in 1968, when the city became once again part of Maramureș County. 1962 saw the opening of a wood processing factory ( Combinatul de Industrializare

494-450: The 10th century the area became part of Kingdom of Hungary . The first mention of a settlement dates back to the 11th century, and the city as such was first mentioned in 1326. In 1352, it was a free royal town and the capital of Máramaros comitatus , just outside Transylvania . After the defeat at the Battle of Mohács and the death of Louis II of Hungary , in the ensuing struggle for

532-727: The 1970s, the building of the Tisza Dam at Kisköre started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. However, the resulting Lake Tisza became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary since it had similar features to Lake Balaton at drastically cheaper prices and was not crowded. The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined

570-706: The Hun is said to have been buried under a diverted section of the river Tisza. The river was known as the Tisia in antiquity ; other ancient names for it included Pathissus ( Πάθισσος in Ancient Greek and later Tissus (in Latin )), ( Pliny , Naturalis historia , 4.25). It may be referred to as the Theiss in older English references, after the German name for the river, Theiß . It

608-778: The Hungarian throne, the kingdom was divided into Royal Hungary of Habsburg Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom of John Zápolya the Voivode of Transylvania . In 1570 the Principality of Transylvania was formed which included Máramaros County . Transylvania, including Maramureș, became an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire from 1541. In 1711, King Charles III returned Máramaros County to his Hungarian domain. During World War I ,

646-698: The Jewish Cemetery as well as the Holocaust Museum located in the childhood home of Elie Wiesel. On 3 August 2018, Wiesel's birthplace was vandalized. After the establishment of the Romanian communist regime , the Securitate ran the Sighet Prison during the 1950s and 1960s as a place for the detention and political repression of public figures who had been declared " class enemies ." The most prominent of these

684-632: The Tisza River Basin is a flat area bordered by small ranges of hills and mountains from the north and dominated by the Hungarian lowland . Important hydrographic stations along the Tisza River (full list) kilometer (rkm) (m) (km ) (m /s) Period: 1971–2000 Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Tisza River at Tiszabecs (Upper Tisza), Szolnok (Middle Tisza) and Senta (Lower Tisza). The following rivers are tributaries to

722-464: The Tisza in the languages of the countries it flows through include: The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be 1,419 km (882 mi). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain , which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large floods in

760-710: The area in the spring of 1919, during the Hungarian–Romanian War . The Allied Powers accepted the Romanian demands and Transylvania including Máramaros County was formally ceded to the Kingdom of Romania in the Treaty of Trianon in June 1920. In 1919, six Romanian schools opened in Sighet: a boys' high school , a girls' high school, a boys' elementary school, a co-ed commercial gymnasium , and two commercial high schools (one for boys,

798-402: The area. After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" ( Hungarian : a Tisza szabályozása ) which started on August 27 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was reduced to 966 km (600 mi) in total, with 589 km (366 mi) of dead channels and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. In

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836-691: The city for having been a capital of the former Principality of Transylvania and because of the actions in the city of Michael the Brave , who united the principalities of Moldavia , Transylvania and Wallachia in 1600. The day after the Great National Assembly and the Declaration of Alba Iulia, the Directing Council of Transylvania, Banat and the Romanian Lands in Hungary  [ ro ]

874-541: The city of Alba Iulia in which a total of 1,228 delegates from several areas inhabited by ethnic Romanians declared the union of Transylvania with Romania . It was summoned by the National Romanian Central Council  [ ro ] . Regular ethnic Romanian civilians were also called to participate, and these came from all regions inhabited by Romanians; in total, the assembly was attended by some 100,000 people. The union of Transylvania with Romania

912-578: The city was briefly occupied by Russian forces between 3 - 7 October 1914. 1918 saw the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy . On November 22, 1918, in an assembly of Romanians from Maramureș took place in the town's central square, electing a national council and deciding to send a delegation to the Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia , which voted the union of Transylvania with Romania . The Romanian Army took control of

950-487: The latter in the Gorgany range). From there, the Tisza flows west, roughly following Ukraine 's borders with Romania and Hungary , then briefly as the border between Slovakia and Hungary, before entering into Hungary, and finally into Serbia . The Tisza enters Hungary at Tiszabecs , traversing the country from north to south. A few kilometers south of the Hungarian city of Szeged , it enters Serbia . Finally, it joins

988-559: The legend, the place name comes from the Hungarian expression "mára már rossz" (too bad by now), referring to that the local tribes moved to Moldavia . Inhabitants simply call to the city Sighet and similar abbreviations in their mother tongue. Inhabited since the Hallstatt period , the populated area lies in the Tisza Valley, an important route as being the only access to the otherwise mountainous, sparsely populated region. After 895 in

1026-414: The majority of nationalists and representatives of expatriates argued against autonomy and in favour of unconditional annexation. Even though Blaj and Sibiu were considered as places where the assembly could take place, the city of Alba Iulia ended up being chosen for this. This was because its Romanian militia was the strongest of Transylvania at the time and also because of the symbolic value of

1064-643: The other for girls). The Maramureș ethnographic museum opened in the cultural palace in 1926. During the interwar period , over twenty newspapers appeared in the town, as well as a number of literary reviews. In August 1940, the Second Vienna Award , arbitrated by Germany and Italy , reassigned the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary . As a result, Sighetu Marmației came under Hungarian administration during World War II . A first deportation of Jews from Sighet took place in 1941. The second occurred after Passover 1944, so that by April,

1102-735: The plains to the west. The highest summits of the river basin reach 1948 m in the Low Tatras ( Kráľova hoľa ), 2061 m in the Chornogora Mountains ( Hoverla ), 2303 m in the Rodna Mountains (Pietrosul Rodnei) and even higher in the Retezat Mountains of the Southern Carpathians ( Peleaga , 2509 m). Areas above elevations higher than 1600 m occupy only 1% of the total; 46% of the territory lies below 200 m. The Tisza River Basin in

1140-489: The river Tisza: The main tributaries of the Tisza River: tributary tributary (km) (km ) (m /s) Period: 1971–2000 The Tisza ( Tisa ) flows through the following countries and cities (ordered from the source to mouth): Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia The Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia ( Romanian : Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia ) was an assembly held on 1 December 1918 in

1178-512: The time as the most serious environmental disaster to hit central Europe since the Chernobyl disaster . Usage of river water for any purpose was temporarily banned and the Hungarian government pressed the Romanians and the European Union to close all installations that could lead to further pollution. Examination of river sediments indicates that pollution incidents from mines have occurred for over

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1216-487: The town's ghetto contained close to 13,000 Jews from Sighet itself and the neighboring places of Dragomirești , Ocna Șugatag , and Vișeu de Sus . Between May 16 and 22, the ghetto was liquidated in four transports, its inhabitants sent to Auschwitz concentration camp . Among the deportees was Sighet native and future Nobel Peace Prize laureate Elie Wiesel . In 1947, there were some 2,300 Jews in Sighet, including survivors and

1254-477: The yearly "flowering" of the Tisza is considered a local natural wonder. The flowering attracts vast numbers of mayflies which is a well known spectacle. In September 2020, colonies of magnificent bryozoans were discovered in the river. In early 2000, there was a sequence of serious pollution incidents originating from accidental industrial discharges in Romania. The first, in January 2000, occurred when there

1292-606: Was 7,981; they were included in the Hungarian and German language groups. There were 5,850 Greek Catholics and 4,901 Roman Catholics. According to a 1920 estimate, the city had 23,691 inhabitants, 11,026 being Jews, 6,552 Hungarians, 4,964 Romanians, 149 Germans, and 1,000 of other ethnicities. The 1930 census numbered 27,270 inhabitants, 10,526 of them being Jews, 9,658 Romanians, 5,424 Hungarians, 1,221 Ukrainians, and 441 of other ethnicities. The municipality's name derives from Hungarian name which means "island in Máramaros ". According to

1330-487: Was a release of sludge containing cyanide from a Romanian mine and killed 2000 tons of fish. The second, from a mine pond at Baia Borsa, northern Romania, resulted in the release of 20,000 m (710,000 cu ft) of sludge containing zinc , lead and copper occurred in early March 2000. A week later, the third spill occurred at the same mining site at Baia Borsa, staining the river black, possibly including heavy metals. This series of incidents were described at

1368-686: Was declared with the adoption of the Declaration of Alba Iulia  [ ro ] during the assembly. Although the assembly was announced for 1 December, debates on Transylvania's accession into Romania between prominent representatives of the Romanian National Central Council started already on 30 November. At the debate, chaired by Ștefan Cicio Pop , the present social democrats , including Ioan Flueraș , argued in favour of autonomy for Transylvania within Greater Romania, while

1406-521: Was held in honour of the 70th anniversary of the deportations in May 1944. Events included a Klezmer concert, Sabbath services in the one remaining synagogue, a memorial service at the Holocaust Monument at the site of the deportations, as well as an exhibit on life in Sighet prior to the deportations. The exhibit contained contributions by survivors and their families. Additionally, visits were organized to

1444-587: Was the former prime minister Iuliu Maniu , who died in the prison in 1953. The former prison is operated as a museum , part of the Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance . Sighetu Marmației is twinned with: Tisza The Tisza , Tysa or Tisa , is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe . It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within

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