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26-478: Alternatively, the term Maramureș is also used for the Maramureș County of Romania, which contains the southern section of the historical region. Alternative names for Maramureș include Ukrainian : Мармарощина ( Marmaroshchyna ), Rusyn : Мараморош ( Maramoroš ), Russian : Мармарош ( Marmarosh ), Hungarian : Máramaros , German : Maramuresch or Marmarosch and Latin : Marmatia . In Yiddish it

52-555: A symbol of Maramureș, was hunted to extinction in 1852. Lostriţa, a local variety of salmon, still live in the mountain rivers. Several protected areas have been created in Maramureș. The Rodna Mountains National Park was designated in 1990, the Maramureș Mountains Natural Park in 2004, and there are many other caves, gorges, cliff formations, and lakes which are officially-protected areas. In ancient times, this area

78-613: A total area of 6,304 square kilometres (2,434 sq mi), of which 43% is covered by the Rodna Mountains , with its tallest peak, Pietrosul  [ ro ] , at 2,303 metres (7,556 ft) altitude. Together with the Gutâi and Țibleș mountain ranges, the Rodna mountains are part of the Eastern Carpathians . The rest of the county are hills, plateaus, and valleys. The county

104-657: Is a county ( județ ) in Romania , in the Maramureș region. The county seat is Baia Mare . In Hungarian it is known as Máramaros megye , in Ukrainian as Мараморо́щина, in German as Kreis Marmarosch , and in Yiddish as מאַרמאַראָש. Maramureș County is situated in the northern part of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania , and has a border with Ukraine . This county has

130-492: Is also home to a strong mining industry of extraction of metals other than iron. The industrial plants built around Baia Mare during the communist period heavily polluted the area in the past, but recently, due to the decline of the city's industrial activity, the area has become less polluted. The region is known for its beautiful rural scenery, local small woodwork and craftwork industry as well as for its churches and original rural architecture. There are not many paved roads in

156-577: Is better explained as deriving from the Greek verb νέμω némō , meaning to divide something (mainly land) into parts and give it to νοµεῖς nomeîs (people with the right to use it, either to rent it or use it for free; singular νομεύς nomeús ). The region was reorganized to Máramaros County in the 14th century. In the 16th century, the Kingdom of Hungary was invaded by the Ottoman Empire , and

182-589: Is crossed by Tisa River and its main tributaries: the Iza , Vișeu , and Mara rivers. The neighbouring territorial units, both Romanian and foreign, to Maramureș County are listed below: Maramureș County has 2 municipalities, 11 towns and 63 communes. Maramureș is known for its pastoral and agricultural traditions, largely unscathed by the industrialisation campaign carried out during Romania's communist period . Ploughing, planting, harvesting, and hay making and handling are mostly done through manual labour . The county

208-510: Is why the region was split into two parts. Since the 1940s there have been villages cut in two by the state border. There are some villages in the north (within Ukraine) that have a sizeable Romanian population, as well as some villages in Romania that have a sizeable Ukrainian population. Maramure%C8%99 County Maramureș County ( Romanian pronunciation: [maraˈmureʃ] )

234-710: Is מאַרמאַראָש. Maramureș is a valley enclosed by the Oaș, Gutâi, Țibleș and Rodnei mountains (the northern section of the Inner Eastern Carpathians ) to the west and south, the Maramureș Mountains and the central section of the Outer Eastern Carpathians to the east and north. The valley is drained through a narrow opening, the Khust Gate, at Khust . Several dozen small mountain rivers and creeks flow into

260-877: The Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary . In 1867, the Austrian Empire was transformed into the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary and the region was included in the Transleithanian or Hungarian part of the Monarchy. After the First World War , the region was divided between Romania and the Czechoslovakian region of Carpathian Ruthenia , with the border following that of the short-lived Hutsul Republic . In March 1939 Hungary annexed Carpathian Ruthenia and in August 1940 annexed

286-621: The Second Vienna Award , the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania . In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania, re-establishing the county. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 . The counties of Romania, including Maramureș, were disestablished by

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312-504: The Treaty of Trianon , the northern part of the county became part of newly-formed Czechoslovakia , while the southern part (including Sighetu Marmației ) became part of the Kingdom of Romania . After the administrative unification law in 1925, the county remained as it was, with an identical name and territory. In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution , and subsequently he had

338-599: The communist government of Romania in 1950 in favour of regions , and re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system. In 1930, the county was originally divided into three districts ( plăși ): Subsequently, the Iza and Sighet districts were reorganized into three districts, adding one: According to the 1930 census, the county's population was 194,619, 57.9% Romanian, 20.9% Jews, 11.9% Ruthenians (including Ukrainians), 6.9% Hungarians, 2.0% Germans, as well as other minorities. The following composition

364-413: The southern area , the majority of the population are Romanians . There are also some Hungarians , Rusyns , Ukrainians , Zipser Germans , Jews , and Roma . In the northern area , the majority are Ukrainians , with smaller Romanian, Hungarian and German communities. In the northern area most people speak Hutsul dialect of Ukrainian language, while in the southern area most speak Romanian, which

390-598: The 11th century and was nominally divided between the Gyepű border region, comitatus of Szatmár and comitatus of Borsova . Initially, the Romanian inhabitants of the region were allowed to preserve their political organization, the Voivodeship of Maramureș , divided into many small autonomous areas. The King long struggled to convince the Voivodes to accept the title of Count , with

416-472: The administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. Ten ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") – appointed directly by the king – instead of the prefects . Maramureș County became part of Ținutul Crișuri . In August 1940, under the auspices of Nazi Germany , which imposed

442-630: The area came under administration of the semi-independent Ottoman Principality of Transylvania . Later (in the late 17th century) it came under the administration of the Habsburg monarchy (which became the Austrian Empire in 1804). During Habsburg administration, the region was initially part of the Partium lands of the Habsburg Principality of Transylvania , but was later (in 1732) transferred to

468-739: The area. A few peaks reach above 2,000 m, such as Pietrosul (2,303 m) in the Rodnei Mountains to the south and Hovârla (2,061 m) in Muntele Negru (Cernahora) to the north. The heavy forested mountains sustain many protected species of plants, such as yew ( Taxus baccata ), larch ( Larix decidua ), Swiss pine ( Pinus cembra ), edelweiss ( Leontopodium alpinum ); and animals, such as lynx ( Lynx lynx ), chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ), alpine marmot ( Marmota marmota ), golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), and capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus ). The last wisent from present-day Romania territory,

494-567: The implied loss of independence in political and financial matters. During the Middle Ages , the people in many mountain villages, where each family by definition had a considerable domain, were called nameși , meaning free peasants taking pride in their family. The origin of the word is disputed: in the Kingdom of Hungary, free people possessing land were called nemes in Hungarian . In Romanian neam means extended family, but this name's root

520-527: The neighboring regions are high and in the past were hardly accessible in the winter. The Prislop Pass (1,416 m high) links the east of the region with Moldavia, Dealul Ștefăniței (1,254 m) links the south to Transylvania, the Pintea Pass (987 m) towards Baia Mare, Fărgău (587 m) in the west links the region to Oaș Country, while Frasini Pass ( Yasinia ; 931 m) links the north of the region to Galicia . The mountains surrounding this region occupy more than half of

546-525: The region of Northern Transylvania , which included southern Maramureș, from Romania; the territories remained under Hungarian control until 1944. After World War II , the southern section returned to Romania and is now part of Maramureș County ; the northern section was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Ukrainian SSR and is now part of Zakarpattia Oblast of independent Ukraine . In

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572-407: The religious point of view, the urban inhabitants were Jewish (38.9%), Greek Catholics (38.0%), Roman Catholics (12.8%), Reformed (5.7%), Eastern Orthodox (3.5%), as well as other minorities. Natives of the county include: 47°40′22″N 24°00′18″E  /  47.67278°N 24.00500°E  / 47.67278; 24.00500 Romanians Too Many Requests If you report this error to

598-515: The river Tisa . It is forested and not easily accessible. The limits of the region are between the parallels of 47°33' N and 47°02' N and the meridians of 23°15' E and 25°03' E. Maramureș represents one of the largest depressions in the Carpathians, covering an area of about 10,000 km. Its length from Khust to Prislop Pass is about 150 km and width from North to South is up to 80 km. The main mountain passes linking Maramureș with

624-442: The rural areas, but most of them are usually accessible. The county's main tourist attractions are: Ethnic composition of Maramureș County (2021) According to the 2021 census , the county had a population of 452,475 and the population density was 71.8/km (185.9/sq mi). The Maramureș County Council, elected at the 2020 local elections , consists of 34 councillors, with the following party composition: In 1920, under

650-505: Was recorded from the religious point of view: 64.4% Greek Catholic, 21.0% Jewish, 6.4% Roman Catholic, 5.3% Eastern Orthodox, 1.8% Reformed, as well as other minorities. In 1930 the county's urban population ethnically consisted of 38.6% Jews, 35.4% Romanians, 19.9% Hungarians, 4.5% Ruthenians (including Ukrainians), as well as other minorities. Yiddish was spoken by 36.6% of the urban population, followed by Romanian (33.7%), Hungarian (25.7%), Ukrainian (2.3%), as well as other minorities. From

676-724: Was settled by Celts , Dacians , Sarmatians , Germanic peoples and Akatziri . In the first century BC, it was part of the Dacian Kingdom under Burebista , while in the early Middle Ages, it was ruled by the Hunnic Empire , the Kingdom of the Gepids , the Kingdom of the Avars , the White Croatia , Hungarians and even the Kievan Rus' . The territory was part of the Kingdom of Hungary from

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