The Shoffner Act was a statute intended to restore order in North Carolina counties where Ku Klux Klan (KKK) violence raged.
66-721: Introduced by Alamance County Republican senator T. M. Shoffner, the Shoffner Act, which was passed by the North Carolina General Assembly in 1870, empowered the governor to suspend habeas corpus and use the state militia . The act was a statute intended to restore order in North Carolina counties where Ku Klux Klan (KKK) violence raged. Local indignation over the Klan's excesses caused Governor William W. Holden to declare Alamance and Caswell counties to be in
132-667: A 1930s farming village. During the early 19th century, the textile industry grew heavily in the area, so the need for better transportation grew. By the 1840s, several mills were set up along the Haw River and near Great Alamance Creek and other major tributaries of the Haw. Between 1832 and 1880, at least 14 major mills were powered by these rivers and streams. Mills were built by the Trollinger, Holt, Newlin, Swepson, and Rosenthal families, among others. One of them, built in 1832 by Ben Trollinger,
198-523: A convenient link between Raleigh and Greensboro . The county was formed on January 29, 1849 from Orange County . In March 1861, Alamance County residents voted overwhelmingly against North Carolina's secession from the Union, 1,114 to 254. Two delegates were sent to the State Secession Convention , Thomas Ruffin and Giles Mebane , who both opposed secession, as did most of the delegates sent to
264-411: A demonstration prior to the 2020 United States presidential election , Alamance County sheriff's deputies and Graham police used pepper spray against crowd members. Law enforcement reported that pepper spray had been deployed to disperse the crowd following an assault on an officer who was trying to shut down a generator the march organizers had brought, in violation of a signed agreement. According to
330-685: A diplomatic test of will three years before the outbreak of the Second World War . To the west the area stretches to the borders with Luxembourg , Belgium and the Netherlands ; on the eastern side it encompasses the towns and cities along the river and the Bergisches Land area up to the Westphalian ( Siegerland ) and Hessian regions. Stretching down to the North Palatine Uplands in
396-472: A female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 26.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.98. In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 19, 7.2% from 20 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
462-612: A national program of "Amnesty and Pardon" to proclaim amnesty for all who committed crimes on behalf of a secret society. This was extended to the klansmen of Alamance County. There would be no justice in the case of Wyatt Outlaw. Holden's support for Reconstruction led to his impeachment and removal by the North Carolina Legislature in 1871. The county was once the state leader in dairy production. Several dairies including Melville Dairy in Burlington were headquartered in
528-578: A rational, simplified, centralized system controlled by Paris and run by Napoleon's relatives. The most important impact came from the abolition of all feudal privileges and historic taxes, the introduction of legal reforms of the Napoleonic Code , and the reorganization of the judicial and local administrative systems. The economic integration of the Rhineland with France increased prosperity, especially in industrial production, while business accelerated with
594-631: A state of insurrection and invoked the Shoffner Act, and brought in Colonel George Kirk to restore order; the acts of Colonel Kirk's troops to end Klan terrorism came to be known as the Kirk-Holden War . Senator Shoffner was burned in effigy in several counties, and the KKK unsuccessfully tried several times to kill him. To escape revenge by Klansmen against him, he and his family fled to Hendricks County, Indiana . This North Carolina –related article
660-635: A tradition that continued in the naming of the current German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia . In the early 1800s, Rhinelanders settled the Missouri Rhineland , a German cultural region and wine producing area in the U.S. State of Missouri , and named it after noticing similarities in soil and topography to the Rhineland in Europe . By 1860, nearly half of all settlers in Missouri Rhineland came from Koblenz , capital of
726-608: A wood-bat collegiate summer league, play their home games at Burlington Athletic Stadium in Fairchild Park. They were previously known as the Burlington Royals from 2007 to 2020. The Royals were rebranded as the Sock Puppets following the contraction and reorganization of minor league baseball prior to the 2021 season. 2021 was the inaugural season for the revamped Appalachian League and the Sock Puppets. Prior to being known as
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#1732844706960792-479: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alamance County, North Carolina Alamance County ( / ˈ æ l ə m æ n s / ) is a county in North Carolina . As of the 2020 census , the population was 171,415. Its county seat is Graham . Formed in 1849 from Orange County to the east, Alamance County has been the site of significant historical events , textile manufacturing , and agriculture . Alamance County comprises
858-399: Is done by an individual hired by the commissioners' board. Since the establishment of the office, the following persons have served as county managers: Heidi York (July 2022–present) D.J. Walker and David Smith held dual roles as county manager and county attorney during their terms. The Paramount Theater serves as a center of dramatic presentations in the community. To the south there is
924-514: Is often described as a "bedroom" community, with many residents living in the county and working elsewhere due to low tax rates, although the county is still a major player in the textile and manufacturing industries. The current county-wide tax rate for Alamance County residents is 58.0 cents per $ 100 valuation. This does not include tax rates imposed by municipalities or fire districts. The top employers in Alamance County are: Alamance County
990-706: Is served by the Alamance-Burlington School System , several private elementary and secondary schools, Alamance Community College , and Elon University . The county is divided into thirteen townships , which are both numbered and named. According to a 1975 study of the history of post offices in North Carolina by Treasure Index, Alamance County has 27 ghost towns that existed in the 18th and 19th centuries. Additionally, five other post offices no longer exist. These towns and their post offices were either abandoned as organized settlements or absorbed into
1056-444: Is still in operation. It is owned by Copland Industries, sits in the unincorporated community of Carolina and is the oldest continuously operating mill in North Carolina. One notable textile produced in the area was the "Alamance plaids" or "Glencoe plaids" used in everything from clothing to tablecloths . The Alamance Plaids manufactured by textile pioneer Edwin M. Holt were the first colored cotton goods produced on power looms in
1122-611: The Alamanni region of Rhineland , Germany , where many of the early settlers came from. During the American Revolution , several small battles and skirmishes occurred in the area that became Alamance County, several of them during the lead-up to the Battle of Guilford Court House , including Pyle's Massacre , the Battle of Lindley's Mill , and the Battle of Clapp's Mill. In the 1780s,
1188-507: The Battle of Alamance (May 16, 1771), a pre-Revolutionary War battle in which militia under the command of Governor William Tryon crushed the Regulator movement . Great Alamance Creek, and in turn Little Alamance Creek, according to legend, were named after a local Native American word to describe the blue mud found at the bottom of the creeks. Other legends say the name came from another local Native American word meaning "noisy river," or for
1254-581: The Burlington , NC Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Greensboro – Winston-Salem – High Point , NC Combined Statistical Area , which had an estimated population of 1,736,099 in 2023. Before being formed as a county, the region had at least one known small Southeastern tribe of Native Americans in the 18th century, the Sissipahaw , who lived in the area bounded by modern Saxapahaw ,
1320-468: The Cape Fear River . The county is also home to numerous creeks, streams, and ponds, including Great Alamance Creek , where a portion of the Battle of Alamance was fought. The three large municipal reservoirs are: Lake Cammack, Lake Mackintosh, and Graham-Mebane Lake (formerly Quaker Lake). The southwest end of the county is drained by North Rocky River Prong and Greenbrier Creek , two tributaries of
1386-578: The Cold War , the plant built radar equipment and guidance systems for missiles and many other electronics for the government, including the guidance system for the Titan missile. The plant closed in 1992 and sat abandoned until 2005, when it was purchased by a local businessman for manufacturing. The USS Alamance , a Tolland -class attack cargo ship , was built during and served in and after World War II. Alamance County's population has grown significantly, with
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#17328447069601452-659: The High Middle Ages , numerous Imperial States along the river emerged from the former stem duchy of Lotharingia , without developing any common political or cultural identity. A "Rhineland" conceptualization can be traced to the period of the Holy Roman Empire from the sixteenth until the eighteenth centuries when the Empire's Imperial Estates (territories) were grouped into regional districts in charge of defence and judicial execution, known as Imperial Circles . Three of
1518-640: The Ku Klux Klan . He was president of the Alamance County Union League of America (a progressive reform branch of the Federal Government), helped to establish the Republican party in North Carolina, and advocated establishing a school for African Americans. His offense was that Governor William Holden had appointed him a justice of the peace , and he had accepted the appointment. Outlaw's body
1584-745: The North German plain is marked by the lower Ruhr . In the south, the river cuts the Rhenish Massif . The area encompasses the western part of the Ruhr industrial region and the Cologne Lowland . Some of the larger cities in the Rhineland are Aachen , Bonn , Cologne , Duisburg , Düsseldorf , Essen , Koblenz , Krefeld , Leverkusen , Mainz , Mönchengladbach , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Oberhausen , Remscheid , Solingen , Trier and Wuppertal . Toponyms as well as local family names often trace back to
1650-479: The Occaneechi Native Americans returned to North Carolina from Virginia , this time settling in what is now Alamance County rather than their first location near Hillsborough . In 2002, the modern Occaneechi tribe bought 25 acres (100,000 m ) of their ancestral land in Alamance County and began a Homeland Preservation Project that includes a village reconstructed as it would have been in 1701 and
1716-553: The Rhine , chiefly its middle section . It is the main industrial heartland of Germany because of its many factories, and it has historic ties to the Holy Roman Empire , Prussia and the German Empire . Historically, the term " Rhinelands " refers (physically speaking) to a loosely defined region embracing the land on the banks of the Rhine, which were settled by Ripuarian and Salian Franks and became part of Frankish Austrasia . In
1782-564: The Rhine Province . The western part of the Rhineland was occupied by Entente forces from the end of the First World War until 1930. Under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles , German military presence in the region was banned, a restriction which the government of Weimar Germany pledged to honor in the 1925 Locarno Treaties . Nazi Germany remilitarized the territory in 1936 as part of
1848-678: The Rocky River in the Deep River system. The Latino population rapidly expanded between 1990 and 2005 due to immigration. As of the 2020 census , there were 171,415 people, 64,316 households, and 41,793 families residing in the county. At the 2010 census , there were 151,131 people, 59,960 households, and 39,848 families residing in the county. The population density was 347.4 people per square mile (134.1 people/km ). There were 66,055 housing units at an average density of 151.9 units per square mile (58.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of
1914-465: The Sheriff and Register of Deeds . Alamance County has provided North Carolina with three of its governors and two U.S. senators : Governor Thomas Holt , Governor and Senator Kerr Scott , Governor Robert W. (Bob) Scott (Kerr Scott's son), and Senator B. Everett Jordan . Alamance County adopted the council-manager form of government in the 1970s, where the day-to-day management of county business
1980-650: The Snow Camp Outdoor Drama which has plays from late spring to early fall in the evenings. Alamance County is also home to the Haw River Ballroom, a large music and arts venue in Saxapahaw . Alamance County, Burlington, Graham, Elon, Haw River, Swepsonville, and Mebane all have small parks that are not listed here. Major parks include: The Burlington Sock Puppets , members of the Appalachian League ,
2046-515: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 434.24 square miles (1,124.7 km ), of which 423.45 square miles (1,096.7 km ) is land and 10.79 square miles (27.9 km ) (2.48%) is water. The county is in the Piedmont physiographical region. It has a general rolling terrain with the Cane Creek Mountains rising to over 970 ft (300 m) in the south-central part of
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2112-409: The poverty line , including 25% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over. Lying between overwhelmingly liberal and Democratic Orange County and Durham County to the east, equally Democratic Guilford County to the west, and heavily conservative and Republican Randolph County to the southwest, Alamance leans Republican, though not as overwhelmingly as many other suburban counties in
2178-568: The Department of Justice found the Alamance County Sheriff's Office to use discriminatory policing, however the case was dismissed by U.S. District Court Judge Thomas D. Schroeder , finding that the government failed to demonstrate that the ACSO had engaged in discriminatory policing. Beginning in 2014, the county has been home to a number of political demonstrations. In October 2020, during
2244-895: The East bank of the Rhine, between the Main and the Lahn, were the settlements of the Mattiaci , a branch of the Germanic Chatti , while farther to the north were the Usipetes and Tencteri . Julius Caesar conquered the Celtic tribes on the West bank, and Augustus established numerous fortified posts on the Rhine, but the Romans never succeeded in gaining a firm footing on the East bank. As
2310-746: The Frankish heritage. The lands on the western shore of the Rhine are strongly characterized by Roman influence, including viticulture . In the core territories, large parts of the population are members of the Catholic Church . At the earliest historical period, the territories between the Ardennes and the Rhine were occupied by the Treveri , the Eburones and other Celtic tribes , who, however, were all more or less modified and influenced by their Germanic neighbors. On
2376-626: The Piedmont Triad. The last Democratic nominee for president to carry Alamance County was Jimmy Carter in 1976. Alamance County is a member of the regional Piedmont Triad Council of Governments . The county is led by the Alamance County Board of Commissioners and the County Manager, who is appointed by the Board of Commissioners. County residents also elect two other county government offices:
2442-678: The Rhine and within 50 kilometers east of the Rhine. In 1920, under massive French pressure, the Saar was separated from the Rhine Province and administered by the League of Nations until a plebiscite in 1935, when the region was returned to Germany. At the same time, in 1920, the districts of Eupen and Malmedy were transferred to Belgium (see German-Speaking Community of Belgium ). In January 1923, in response to Germany's failure to meet its reparations obligations , French and Belgian troops occupied
2508-497: The Rhineland and other regions along the Rhine. German territory west of the Rhine had been off-limits to the German military. In 1945, the Rhineland was the scene of major fighting as the Allied forces overwhelmed the German defenders. In 1946, the Rhineland was divided into the newly founded states of Hesse , North Rhine-Westphalia , and Rhineland-Palatinate . North Rhine-Westphalia
2574-568: The Rhineland disintegrated into numerous small independent principalities, each with its separate vicissitudes and special chronicles. The old Lotharingian divisions became obsolete, and while the Lower Lorraine lands were referred to as the Low Countries , the name of Lorraine became restricted to the region on the upper Moselle that still bears it. After the Imperial Reform of 1500/12,
2640-450: The Rhineland until 1814 and radically and permanently liberalized the government, society and economy. The Coalition of France's enemies made repeated efforts to retake the region, but France repelled all the attempts. The French swept away centuries worth of outmoded restrictions and introduced unprecedented levels of efficiency. The chaos and barriers in a land divided and subdivided among many different petty principalities gave way to
2706-923: The Royals, the team was also known as the Burlington Indians from 1986 to 2006. This version of the team has been active since 1985, but Burlington hosted a minor league baseball team for many years under the Burlington Indians and Burlington Bees. The Elon University Phoenix play in the town of Elon. The Phoenix compete in the NCAA 's Division I ( Championship Subdivision in football) Colonial Athletic Association . Intercollegiate sports include baseball , basketball , cross-country , football , golf , soccer , and tennis for men, and basketball, cross-country, golf, indoor track , outdoor track, soccer, softball , tennis, and volleyball for women. Today, Alamance County
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2772-424: The Ruhr district, strictly controlling all important industrial areas. The Germans responded with passive resistance, which led to hyperinflation , and the French gained very little of the reparations they wanted. French troops left the Ruhr in August 1925. The occupation of the remainder of the Rhineland ended on 30 June 1930. On 7 March 1936, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles, German troops marched into
2838-400: The South, and paved the way for the region's textile boom. (Holt's home is now the Alamance County Historical Society. ) But by the late 20th century, most of the plants and mills had gone out of business, including the mills operated by Burlington Industries , a company based in Burlington . By the 1840s, the textile industry was booming, and the railroad was being built through the area as
2904-430: The area known as the Hawfields, and the Haw River . European settlers entered the region in the late 17th century chiefly following Native American trading paths, and set up their farms in what they called the "Haw Old Fields," fertile ground previously tilled by the Sissipahaw. The paths later became the basis of the railroad and interstate highway routes. Alamance County was named after Great Alamance Creek , site of
2970-506: The city of Mebane tripling in size between 1990 and 2020. The county has seen significant business and industry growth, including the additions of the North Carolina Commerce Park and the North Carolina Industrial Center, as well as new retail opportunities near Interstates 85 and 40 on the eastern (Tanger Outlets) and western (University Commons and Alamance Crossing) sides of the county. Some growth has been attributed to illegal immigration, which has led to ongoing legal issues. In 2012,
3036-451: The command of Union veteran George W. Kirk, beginning the so-called Kirk–Holden war. Kirk's troops ultimately arrested 82 men. The Grand Jury of Alamance County indicted 63 klansmen for felonies and 18 for the murder of Wyatt Outlaw. Soon after the indictments were brought, Democrats in the legislature passed a bill to repeal the law under which the indictments had been secured. The 63 felony charges were dropped. The Democratic Party then used
3102-426: The convention. At the time of the convention, around 30% of Alamance County's population were slaves (total population around 12,000, including roughly 3,500 slaves and 500 free Black people). North Carolina was reluctant to join other Southern states in secession until the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861. When Lincoln called up troops, Governor John Ellis replied, "I can be no party to this wicked violation of
3168-440: The county just north of Snow Camp . Bass Mountain , one of the prominent hills in the range, is home to a world-renowned bluegrass music festival every year. Also, isolated monadnocks are in the northern part of the county that rise to near or over 900 ft (270 m) above sea level. The largest river that flows through Alamance County is the Haw , which feeds into Jordan Lake in Chatham County , eventually leading to
3234-409: The county was 71.1% White , 18.8% Black or African American , 0.7% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 6.1% from other races , and 2.1% from two or more races. 11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 59,960 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples living together, 14.5% had
3300-424: The county. With increasing real estate prices and a slump in milk prices, most dairy farms have been sold and many of them developed for real estate purposes. During World War II , Fairchild Aircraft built airplanes at a plant on the eastern side of Burlington. Among the planes built there was the AT-21 gunner, used to train bomber pilots. Near the Fairchild plant was the Western Electric Burlington works. During
3366-420: The east of the river fell to East Francia , while that to the west remained with the kingdom of Lotharingia . By the time of Emperor Otto I (d. 973) both banks of the Rhine had become part of the Holy Roman Empire , and in 959 the Rhenish territory was divided between the duchies of Upper Lorraine , on the Mosel, and Lower Lorraine on the Meuse. As the central power of the Holy Roman Emperor weakened,
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#17328447069603432-429: The intelligentsia demanded the maintenance of the Napoleonic Code (which stayed in effect for a century). A Prussian influence began on a small scale in 1609 by the occupation of the Duchy of Cleves . A century later, Upper Guelders and Moers also became Prussian. The Congress of Vienna expelled the French and assigned the whole of the lower Rhenish districts to Prussia, who left them in undisturbed possession of
3498-401: The larger communities that now make up Alamance County. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Alamance County. † = county seat Rhineland The Rhineland ( German : Rheinland [ˈʁaɪ̯nˌlant] ; Dutch : Rijnland ; Kölsch : Rhingland ; Latin : Rhenania ) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along
3564-401: The last time. By the end of the war, 236 people from Alamance County had been killed in the course of the war, more than any other war since the county's founding. Some of the Civil War's most significant effects were seen after it ended. Alamance County briefly became a center of national attention when in 1870 Wyatt Outlaw , an African-American town commissioner in Graham , was lynched by
3630-451: The laws of the country and to this war upon the liberties of a free people. You can get no troops from North Carolina." After a special legislative session, North Carolina's legislature unanimously voted for secession on May 20, 1861. No battles took place in Alamance County, but it sent its share of soldiers to the front lines. In July 1861, for the first time in American history, soldiers were sent in to combat by rail. The 6th North Carolina
3696-441: The liberal institutions to which they had become accustomed under the French. The Rhine Province remained part of Prussia after Germany was unified in 1871. The occupation of the Rhineland took place following the Armistice with Germany of 11 November 1918. The occupying armies consisted of American , Belgian , British and French forces. Under the Treaty of Versailles , German troops were banned from all territory west of
3762-475: The new efficiency and lowered trade barriers. The Jews were liberated from the ghetto. There was limited resistance; most Germans welcomed the new regime, especially the urban elites, but one sour point was the hostility of the French officials toward the Roman Catholic Church, the choice of most of the residents. The reforms were permanent. Decades later workers and peasants in the Rhineland often appealed to Jacobinism to oppose unpopular government programs, while
3828-409: The power of the Roman empire declined the Franks pushed forward along both banks of the Rhine, and by the end of the 5th century had conquered all the lands that had formerly been under Roman influence. By the 8th century, the Frankish dominion was firmly established in western Germania and northern Gaul. On the division of the Carolingian Empire at the Treaty of Verdun the part of the province to
3894-435: The south, this area, except for the Saarland , more or less corresponds with the modern use of the term. The southern and eastern parts are mainly hill country ( Westerwald , Hunsrück , Siebengebirge , Taunus and Eifel ), cut by river valleys, principally the Middle Rhine up to Bingen (or very rarely between the confluence with the Neckar and Cologne ) and its Ahr , Moselle and Nahe tributaries. The border of
3960-441: The ten circles through which the Rhine flowed referred to the river in their names: the Upper Rhenish Circle , the Electoral Rhenish Circle and the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle (very roughly equivalent to the present-day German federal state of North Rhine Westphalia ). In the twilight period of the Empire, after the War of the First Coalition , a short-lived Cisrhenian Republic was established (1797–1802). The term covered
4026-402: The territory was part of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian , Upper Rhenish , and Electoral Rhenish Circles . Notable Rhenish Imperial States included: In spite of its dismembered condition and the sufferings it underwent at the hands of its French neighbors in various periods of warfare, the Rhenish territory prospered greatly and stood in the foremost rank of German culture and progress. Aachen
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#17328447069604092-439: The whole French conquered territory west of the Rhine (German: Linkes Rheinufer ), but also including a small portion of the bridgeheads on the eastern banks. After the collapse of the French empire , the regions of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and Lower Rhine were annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1822 the Prussian administration reorganized the territory as the Rhine Province ( Rheinprovinz , also known as Rhenish Prussia),
4158-415: Was 38.7 years. For every 100 females there were 92.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.00 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 44,430, and the median income for a family was $ 54,605. Males had a median income of $ 31,906 versus $ 23,367 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 23,477. About 13.7% of families and 16.1% of the population were below
4224-408: Was found hanging 30 yards from the courthouse, with a note pinned to his chest reading, "Beware! You guilty parties – both white and black." Outlaw was the central figure in political cooperation between blacks and whites in the county. On July 8, 1870, Governor Holden declared Caswell County to be in a state of insurrection and sent North Carolina militiamen to Caswell and Alamance Counties, under
4290-499: Was loaded onto railroad cars at Company Shops and transferred to the battlefront at Manassas, Virginia ( First Battle of Manassas ). Although the citizens of Alamance County were not directly affected throughout much of the war, in April 1865, they witnessed firsthand their sons and fathers marching through the county just days before the war ended with the surrender at Bennett Place near Durham . At Company Shops, General Joseph E. Johnston stopped to say farewell to his soldiers for
4356-429: Was the place of coronation of the German emperors, and the ecclesiastical principalities of the Rhine played a large role in German history. At the Peace of Basel in 1795, the whole of the left bank of the Rhine was taken by France. The population was about 1.6 million in numerous small states. In 1806, the Rhenish princes all joined the Confederation of the Rhine , a puppet of Napoleon. France took direct control of
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