Sherman Square is a pocket park bounded by Broadway , Amsterdam Avenue , and West 70th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan , in New York City . It was named in 1891 for William Tecumseh Sherman who lived in the area and died that year.
104-408: The park name is used to describe the neighborhood surrounding the entrances to the 72nd Street station , which are on traffic islands where Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue cross. The Sherman Square area, and its much bigger neighbor Verdi Square , on the north side of 72nd, were dubbed “Needle Park” in the 1960s and 1970s because of illicit drug activity. This provided the title and general setting for
208-510: A balancing test between the cost of the proposed alteration and the wherewithal of the business and/or owners of the business. Thus, what might be "readily achievable" for a sophisticated and financially capable corporation might not be readily achievable for a small or local business. There are exceptions to this title; many private clubs and religious organizations may not be bound by Title III. With regard to historic properties (those properties that are listed or that are eligible for listing in
312-427: A $ 100 million rebuilding program (equivalent to $ 1,084.8 million in 2023). The platforms at 72nd Street were extended in 1960, and the track layout was changed accordingly. Once the project was completed, all 1 trains became local and all 2 and 3 trains became express, and eight-car local trains began operation. Increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the 1 train on February 6, 1959. Due to
416-510: A $ 2 million design contract and a $ 55 million construction contract for the station renovation. Dattner Architects and Gruzen Samton completed the design the same year. In 1998, New York City Transit's vice president for capital improvements, Mysore Nagaraja, said that a renovation of the 72nd Street station would commence after more important projects were completed. The project was budgeted at $ 63 million, and state assemblyman Scott Stringer successfully campaigned to have money allocated to
520-522: A city landmark in January 1979. The LPC chairman at the time said: "The subway kiosk is one of those irreplaceable amenities that do more than serve a useful function." In October 1979, the LPC designated the space within the boundaries of the original station, excluding expansions made after 1904, as a city landmark. The station was designated along with eleven others on the original IRT. The original station house
624-413: A crossover between the northbound and southbound platforms. This station house has two staircases and one elevator from each platform going up to street level where turnstile banks lead to 72nd and 73rd Streets. Only the southern turnstile bank, which leads to 72nd Street, has a staffed token booth. The elevators from this station house make this station ADA-accessible . There are also employee areas in
728-553: A disability is excluded, denied services, segregated or otherwise treated differently than other individuals because of the absence of auxiliary aids and services, unless the public accommodation can demonstrate that taking those steps would fundamentally alter the nature of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations being offered or would result in an undue burden, i.e., significant difficulty or expense." The term "auxiliary aids and services" includes: Captions are considered one type of auxiliary aid. Since
832-675: A disability". This applies to job application procedures, hiring, advancement and discharge of employees, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. "Covered entities" include employers with 15 or more employees, as well as employment agencies , labor organizations , and joint labor-management committees. There are strict limitations on when a covered entity can ask job applicants or employees disability-related questions or require them to undergo medical examination, and all medical information must be kept confidential. Prohibited discrimination may include, among other things, firing or refusing to hire someone based on
936-655: A disability. In 2008, the United States House Committee on Education and Labor stated that the amendment "makes it absolutely clear that the ADA is intended to provide broad coverage to protect anyone who faces discrimination on the basis of disability." Thus the ADAAA led to broader coverage of impaired employees. In October 2019, the Supreme Court declined to resolve a circuit split as to whether websites are covered by
1040-537: A history of having such an impairment, or being regarded as having such an impairment. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was charged with interpreting the 1990 law with regard to discrimination in employment. The EEOC developed regulations limiting an individual's impairment to one that "severely or significantly restricts" a major life activity. The ADAAA directed the EEOC to amend its regulations and replace "severely or significantly" with "substantially limits",
1144-644: A more lenient standard. On September 25, 2008, President George W. Bush signed the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) into law. The amendment broadened the definition of "disability", thereby extending the ADA's protections to a greater number of people. The ADAAA also added to the ADA examples of "major life activities" including, but not limited to, "caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working" as well as
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#17328595671641248-420: A real or perceived disability, segregation, and harassment based on a disability. Covered entities are also required to provide reasonable accommodations to job applicants and employees with disabilities. A reasonable accommodation is a change in the way things are typically done that the person needs because of a disability, and can include, among other things, special equipment that allows the person to perform
1352-523: A report, Towards Independence, in which the Council examined incentives and disincentives in federal laws towards increasing the independence and full integration of people with disabilities into U.S. society. Among the disincentives to independence the Council identified was the existence of large remaining gaps in civil rights coverage for people with disabilities in the United States. A principal conclusion of
1456-565: A resolution in December 1904, declaring the station house "not only an offense to the eye, but a very serious danger to life and limb", and recommending that it be demolished. The northern station house was designed by Richard Dattner & Partners and Gruzen Samton. Its overall design was inspired by the Crystal Palace in London . The northern station house contains the station's elevators and
1560-422: A restaurant. People with disabilities cannot be treated as "less than" other customers. However, if a business normally charges for damages caused by the person to property, damage caused by a service animal can also require compensation. The ADA provides explicit coverage for auxiliary aids. ADA says that "a public accommodation shall take those steps that may be necessary to ensure that no individual with
1664-404: A result of the 1958–1959 platform extension, both platforms became 520 feet (160 m) long. From the southbound platform, two stairs go to the southern station house, while two stairs and one elevator lead to the northern station house. From the northbound platform, three stairs lead to the southern station house, while two stairs and one elevator lead to the northern station house. The station
1768-470: A single fare-control area. The original station house has five staircases, two to the southbound platform and three to the northbound platform, although it was originally built with two stairs to each platform. On the north side, an unstaffed turnstile bank leads to 72nd Street; on the south side, three High Entry/Exit Turnstiles lead to 71st Street. Above the exit doorways are decorative transoms and pediments with wayfinding signs. The interior of
1872-678: A team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons , the Rapid Transit Commission's chief engineer. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side , where two branches would lead north into the Bronx . A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899. The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr. , signed
1976-529: A theater of geese. From September 2 to 5, 1989, the station was closed so the station house could be reconfigured to reduce crowding at its northern end. The southern end of the station house was converted to an entrance, and two smaller token booths were installed, replacing the large token booth that blocked passenger flow through the middle of the station house. Turnstiles were moved to create separate fare control areas for northbound and southbound trains, eliminating free transfers between directions. In addition,
2080-438: A wheelchair, multiple sclerosis , muscular dystrophy , obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia . Other mental or physical health conditions also may be disabilities, depending on what the individual's symptoms would be in the absence of "mitigating measures" such as medication, therapy, assistive devices, or other means of restoring function, during an "active episode" of
2184-530: Is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability . It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , which made discrimination based on race , religion , sex , national origin , and other characteristics illegal, and later sexual orientation and gender identity . In addition, unlike the Civil Rights Act,
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#17328595671642288-439: Is a frieze with blue and buff mosaic tiles, with scrolled motifs protruding below the frieze band. The walls near the tracks do not have any identifying motifs with the station's name, as all station identification signs are on the platforms. There are some doorways along the trackside walls. At the platform staircases, the walls beneath the stairwell have white tile above brick wainscoting , while there are metal fences beside
2392-521: Is also excluded from the definition of "disability". However, in 2022, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit stated that the ADA covers individuals with gender dysphoria , which may aid transgender people in accessing legal protections they otherwise may be unable to. The ADA states that a " covered entity " shall not discriminate against "a qualified individual with
2496-564: Is charged with enforcing this provision. Under Title III, no individual may be discriminated against on the basis of disability with regards to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, leases, or operates a place of public accommodation. Public accommodations include most places of lodging (such as inns and hotels), recreation, transportation, education, and dining, along with stores, care providers, and places of public displays. Under Title III of
2600-470: Is fully wheelchair-accessible, with elevators connecting the street and platforms. The platforms were originally 350 feet (110 m) long, like at other express stations, and 15.5 feet (4.7 m) wide. The station platforms were later lengthened, and by 1941 the southbound platform was 482 feet (147 m) long, with the center 340 feet (100 m) being 15.5 feet (4.7 m) wide. The platforms narrowed for 70 feet (21 m) on either side. As
2704-584: Is only 14 feet (4.3 m) below street level. As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a U-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick. Each platform consists of 3-inch-thick (7.6 cm) concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric -style columns spaced every 15 feet (4.6 m), while
2808-784: Is prohibited if it is intended to interfere. The ADA has roots in Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 . The law began in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1985 as the Virginians with Disabilities Act—supported by Warren G. Stambaugh —which was passed by the state Virginia . It is the first iteration of the Americans with Disabilities Act. In 1986, the National Council on Disability (NCD), an independent federal agency, issued
2912-404: Is reported to have "inconvenienced" several senators and to have pushed them to approve the act. While there are those who do not attribute much overall importance to this action, the "Capitol Crawl" of 1990 is seen by some present-day disability activists in the United States as a central act for encouraging the ADA into law. Senator Tom Harkin ( D - IA ) authored what became the final bill and
3016-417: Is similar, but with five doors. Flanking the entrances are small windows. Inside the station house are artful wrought iron pillars, dating back to the days of the original subway system , as well as decorated ceiling beams. The walls are made of white glass tiles. As originally configured, the station house had separate turnstile banks and token booths for each side, which were subsequently combined into
3120-406: The 1 at all times and by the 2 during late nights; the express tracks are used by the 2 train during daytime hours and the 3 train at all times. The next stop to the north is 79th Street for local trains and 96th Street for express trains. The next stop to the south is 66th Street–Lincoln Center for local trains and Times Square–42nd Street for express trains. The 72nd Street station
3224-759: The 1 , the White Plains Road (formerly West Farms) route as the 2 , and the Lenox Avenue route as the 3 . During the early 1950s, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA; now an agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority , or MTA) considered converting the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station, a major transfer point to the IND Eighth Avenue Line , from a local stop to an express stop. This would serve
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3328-458: The Manhattan street grid , of which 72nd Street and Amsterdam Avenue are part. The one-story station house contains exterior walls made of buff brick, with a water table made of granite blocks. A limestone string course runs atop the exterior wall. At the corners of the station house are limestone quoins , which support a copper-and-terracotta gable roof facing west and east. The ridge of
3432-657: The National Register of Historic Places , or properties designated as historic under state or local law), those facilities must still comply with the provisions of Title III of the ADA to the "maximum extent feasible" but if following the usual standards would "threaten to destroy the historic significance of a feature of the building" then alternative standards may be used. Under 2010 revisions of Department of Justice regulations, newly constructed or altered swimming pools, wading pools, and spas must have an accessible means of entrance and exit to pools for disabled people. However,
3536-676: The National Register of Historic Places . The northern head house contains elevators, which make the station compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 . Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature passed the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by
3640-539: The New York City Subway , located at the intersection of Broadway , 72nd Street , and Amsterdam Avenue in the Upper West Side neighborhood of Manhattan . It is served by the 1 , 2 , and 3 trains at all times. The 72nd Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line , which was approved in 1900. Construction of
3744-577: The New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $ 1.5 million (equivalent to $ 49.1 million in 2023) spent on platform lengthening, $ 500,000 (equivalent to $ 16.4 million in 2023)
3848-457: The U.S. Department of Justice . These regulations cover access to all programs and services offered by the entity. Access includes physical access described in the ADA Standards for Accessible Design and programmatic access that might be obstructed by discriminatory policies or procedures of the entity. Title II applies to public transportation provided by public entities through regulations by
3952-623: The U.S. Department of Transportation . It includes the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), along with all other commuter authorities. This section requires the provision of paratransit services by public entities that provide fixed-route services. ADA also sets minimum requirements for space layout in order to facilitate wheelchair securement on public transport. Title II also applies to all state and local public housing, housing assistance, and housing referrals. The Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
4056-619: The 1966 book by James Mills and its 1971 film adaptation The Panic in Needle Park , directed by Jerry Schatzberg and starring Al Pacino in his second role. The fenced-in portion of Sherman Square protecting its vegetation is only 264 sq ft (24.5 m) and is actually a scalene triangle . It is on a paved, much larger triangle. The fenced area has 17 ft (5.2 m) facing 70th Street, 35 ft (11 m) facing Broadway, and 30 ft (9.1 m) facing Amsterdam. The name of squares for triangular pieces of land reflected
4160-635: The 72nd Street station's renovation. The platforms would also be lengthened and a second entrance with elevators would be built. Local residents objected that the renovations would not address the platforms' narrow width. In February 1999, the MTA Board adopted a resolution allowing the MTA to use a request for proposals process for the project. Work on the project was initially slated to begin in March 2000, with an expected completion date of Summer 2003. However, work on
4264-466: The 72nd Street station, in exchange for receiving the city government's approval for the nearby Lincoln West development. When the developer Donald Trump took over the Lincoln West site in 1984, he said he would consider renovating the station but did not commit to the renovation. In 1987, the founders of Ben & Jerry's proposed to spend $ 200,000 to $ 250,000 a year to maintain, clean, paint
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4368-555: The ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations . In 1986, the National Council on Disability had recommended the enactment of an Americans with Disabilities Act and drafted the first version of the bill which was introduced in the House and Senate in 1988. A broad bipartisan coalition of legislators supported
4472-533: The ADA include both mental and physical conditions. A condition does not need to be severe or permanent to be a disability. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulations provide a list of conditions that should easily be concluded to be disabilities: amputation , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism , bipolar disorder , blindness , cancer , cerebral palsy , deafness , diabetes , epilepsy , HIV/AIDS , intellectual disability , major depressive disorder , mobility impairments requiring
4576-587: The ADA is a "failure to remove" architectural barriers in existing facilities. See 42 U.S.C. § 12182(b)(2)(A)(iv) . This means that even facilities that have not been modified or altered in any way after the ADA was passed still have obligations. The standard is whether "removing barriers" (typically defined as bringing a condition into compliance with the ADAAG) is "readily achievable", defined as "...easily accomplished without much difficulty or expense". The statutory definition of "readily achievable" calls for
4680-534: The ADA labeled religious institutions "public accommodations" and thus would have required churches to make costly structural changes to ensure access for all. The cost argument advanced by ACSI and others prevailed in keeping religious institutions from being labeled as "public accommodations". Church groups such as the National Association of Evangelicals testified against the ADA's Title I employment provisions on grounds of religious liberty. The NAE believed
4784-584: The ADA, all new construction (construction, modification or alterations) after the effective date of the ADA (approximately July 1992) must be fully compliant with the Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) found in the Code of Federal Regulations at 28 C.F.R., Part 36, Appendix A . Title III also has applications to existing facilities. One of the definitions of "discrimination" under Title III of
4888-455: The ADA, while the bill was opposed by business interests (who argued the bill imposed costs on business) and conservative evangelicals (who opposed protection for individuals with HIV ). The final version of the bill was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H. W. Bush . It was later amended in 2008 and signed by President George W. Bush with changes effective as of January 1, 2009. Conditions classed as disabilities under
4992-502: The Americans with Disabilities Act was "an expensive headache to millions" that would not necessarily improve the lives of people with disabilities. Shortly before the act was passed, disability rights activists with physical disabilities coalesced in front of the Capitol Building , shed their crutches, wheelchairs , powerchairs and other assistive devices , and immediately proceeded to crawl and pull their bodies up all 100 of
5096-480: The Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Local trains (Broadway and Lenox Avenue) were sent to South Ferry , while express trains (Broadway and West Farms) used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn. The original head house had two stairways to each platform, although a third stairway was added to the northbound platform at some point before 1924. In that year, it was proposed to build a third stairway to
5200-498: The Capitol's front steps, without warning. As the activists did so, many of them chanted "ADA now", and "Vote, Now". Some activists who remained at the bottom of the steps held signs and yelled words of encouragement at the "Capitol Crawlers". Jennifer Keelan, a second grader with cerebral palsy , was videotaped as she pulled herself up the steps, using mostly her hands and arms, saying "I'll take all night if I have to." This direct action
5304-725: The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to adopt rules requiring closed captioning of most television programming. The FCC's rules on closed captioning became effective January 1, 1998. Title IV of the ADA amended the Communications Act of 1934 primarily by adding section 47 U.S.C. § 225 . This section requires that all telecommunications companies in the U.S. take steps to ensure functionally equivalent services for consumers with disabilities, notably those who are deaf or hard of hearing and those with speech impairments. When Title IV took effect in
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#17328595671645408-482: The Flemish Renaissance style. The station house was one of several on the original IRT; similar station houses were built at Atlantic Avenue , Bowling Green , Mott Avenue , 103rd Street , and 116th Street . The station house occupies an area of 50 by 37 feet (15 by 11 m) and is aligned parallel to Broadway to create a focal point on Sherman Square . This places the station house slightly askew from
5512-579: The Internet by consumers who use broadband connections. Some are Video Relay Service (VRS) calls, while others are text calls. In either variation, communication assistants translate between the signed or typed words of a consumer and the spoken words of others. In 2006, according to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), VRS calls averaged two million minutes a month. Title V includes technical provisions. It discusses, for example,
5616-517: The United States Congress have carefully crafted this Act. We've all been determined to ensure that it gives flexibility, particularly in terms of the timetable of implementation; and we've been committed to containing the costs that may be incurred.... Let the shameful wall of exclusion finally come tumbling down. The ADA defines a covered disability as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities,
5720-705: The United States Constitution . The Court determined that state employees cannot sue their employer for violating ADA rules. State employees can, however, file complaints at the Department of Justice or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission , who can sue on their behalf. Title II prohibits disability discrimination by all public entities at the local level, e.g., school district, municipal, city, or county, and at state level. Public entities must comply with Title II regulations by
5824-528: The animal is a direct threat to someone's health and safety. Allergies and fear of animals are not considered to be such a threat. Businesses that prepare or serve food must allow service animals and their owners on the premises even if state or local health laws otherwise prohibit animals. Businesses that prepare or serve food are not required to provide care, food, a relief area for service animals. Extra fees for service animals are forbidden. They cannot be discriminated against, such as by isolation from people at
5928-417: The animal is a service animal and ask what tasks it is trained to perform, but are not allowed to ask the service animal to perform the task nor ask for an animal ID. They cannot ask what the person's disabilities are. A person with a disability cannot be removed from the premises unless one of two things happen: the animal is out of control and its owner cannot control it (e.g., a dog barking uncontrollably), or
6032-475: The anticipated rise of ridership at the stop resulting from the under-construction New York Coliseum and the expected redevelopment of the area. In conjunction with that project, the NYCTA considered converting the 72nd Street station to a local station by walling off the express tracks from the platforms. While the work was never completed, the firm Edwards, Kelcey and Beck was hired as Consulting Engineers in 1955 for
6136-405: The condition (if the condition is episodic). Certain specific conditions that are widely considered anti-social , or tend to result in illegal activity, such as kleptomania , pedophilia , exhibitionism , voyeurism , etc. are excluded under the definition of "disability" in order to prevent abuse of the statute's purpose. Additionally, sexual orientation is no longer considered a disorder and
6240-495: The construction of Riverside South would worsen overcrowding at the station, Trump agreed to give $ 5 million toward the station's renovation. In October 1992, he offered to provide another $ 1 million for the station's expansion in exchange for the New York City Planning Commission 's approval of his project. MTA officials announced in 1994 that they would spend $ 40 million to widen the platform. To help fund
6344-418: The construction of the express station. The original IRT stations north of Times Square could barely fit local trains of five or six cars depending on the configuration of the trains. Stations on the line from Times Square to 96th Street , including this station but excluding the 91st Street station, had their platforms extended in the 1950s to 525 feet (160 m) to accommodate ten-car trains as part of
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#17328595671646448-600: The day before the subway was scheduled to open, the walls and ceilings were incomplete. The 72nd Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch. The opening of the first subway line, and particularly the 72nd Street station, helped contribute to the development of the Upper West Side. After
6552-457: The early 1990s, it led to the installation of public teletypewriter (TTY) machines and other TDD ( telecommunications devices for the deaf ). Title IV also led to the creation, in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, of what was then called dual-party relay services and now are known as Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS), such as STS relay . Today, many TRS-mediated calls are made over
6656-724: The fact that nothing in the ADA amends, overrides or cancels anything in Section 504 . Additionally, Title V includes an anti-retaliation or coercion provision. The Technical Assistance Manual for the ADA explains this provision: III-3.6000 Retaliation or coercion. Individuals who exercise their rights under the ADA, or assist others in exercising their rights, are protected from retaliation. The prohibition against retaliation or coercion applies broadly to any individual or entity that seeks to prevent an individual from exercising his or her rights or to retaliate against him or her for having exercised those rights ... Any form of retaliation or coercion, including threats, intimidation, or interference,
6760-976: The first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by local and express trains along both the West Side (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street ) and East Side (now the Lenox Avenue Line ). West Side local trains had their southern terminus at City Hall during rush hours and South Ferry at other times, and had their northern terminus at 242nd Street. East Side local trains ran from City Hall to Lenox Avenue (145th Street) . Express trains had their southern terminus at South Ferry or Atlantic Avenue and had their northern terminus at 242nd Street, Lenox Avenue (145th Street), or West Farms ( 180th Street ). Express trains to 145th Street were later eliminated, and West Farms express trains and rush-hour Broadway express trains operated through to Brooklyn. To address overcrowding, in 1909,
6864-591: The illegal use of drugs is not considered qualified when a covered entity takes adverse action based on such use. Part of Title I was found unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court as it pertains to states in the case of Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett as violating the sovereign immunity rights of the several states as specified by the Eleventh Amendment to
6968-511: The initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, under which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway. The 72nd Street station
7072-424: The job, scheduling changes, and changes to the way work assignments are chosen or communicated. An employer is not required to provide an accommodation that would involve undue hardship (excessive difficulty or expense), and the individual who receives the accommodation must still perform the essential functions of the job and meet the normal performance requirements. An employee or applicant who currently engages in
7176-477: The lengthening of the platforms at 86th Street and 96th Street, the intermediate 91st Street station was closed on February 2, 1959, because it was too close to the other two stations. In 1959, work was underway to install fluorescent lighting in the station. In 1973, funding was allocated to study removing the headhouse and replacing it with sidewalk entrances. The project would have created entrances on either sidewalk between 71st and 72nd Streets, connected to
7280-448: The line segment that includes the 72nd Street station began on August 22 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The 72nd Street station's platforms were lengthened in 1960 as part of an improvement project along the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. The station's only exit was originally through a head house in the median of Broadway south of 72nd Street. In 2002,
7384-467: The newer one is in Verdi Square north of 72nd Street. The preexisting median of Broadway made it possible for the IRT to provide an entrance to the station through a station house, with the platforms directly underneath. The original station house is one of a few surviving examples designed by Heins & LaFarge , which designed elements of many of the original IRT subway stations. It is designed in
7488-407: The newsstand at the station house's northeastern corner was moved to the southwestern corner. The lack of a free transfer between northbound and southbound trains persisted through the early 2000s. By the late 20th century, the original configuration of the station was inadequate. Its only entrance was on the traffic island between Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and 71st and 72nd Streets. Furthermore,
7592-542: The northern station house. The northern station house has an artwork, Laced Canopy by Robert Hickman, which consists of a mosaic pattern on the central skylight, made up of over 100 mosaic panels. The knots within the pattern make up the notation for an excerpt of Giuseppe Verdi 's Rigoletto . The panels weigh over 161 pounds (73 kg) and stretch about 100 feet (30 m). Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or ADA ( 42 U.S.C. § 12101 )
7696-475: The operation of several specified "major bodily functions". The act overturned a 1999 US Supreme Court case that held that an employee was not disabled if the impairment could be corrected by mitigating measures; it specifically provides that such impairment must be determined without considering such ameliorative measures. It also overturned the court's finding that an impairment that substantially limits one major life activity must also limit others to be considered
7800-442: The original Commissioners' Plan of 1811 which called for the area to be built according to a master grid. New York City acquired the land by condemnation in 1849 when Broadway was being built through the area at an angle and was not on the grid . Other parcels of land on Broadway that have the square name but are irregular pieces of land include Herald Square and Times Square . The park’s size diminished in 1869 when 70th Street
7904-601: The original station house also had a restroom. When the station was completed, the station house's architecture was unpopular; an editorial in The New York Times derided it as "A miserable monstrosity as to architecture". The Times cited widespread complaints from neighborhood residents, including a member of the Colonial Club on Amsterdam Avenue and 72nd Street, who likened the structure's original dark-brown color to "a mud fence". The West End Association had adopted
8008-406: The outside world." The US Chamber of Commerce argued that the costs of the ADA would be "enormous" and have "a disastrous impact on many small businesses struggling to survive." The National Federation of Independent Business , an organization that lobbies for small businesses, called the ADA "a disaster for small business". Pro-business conservative commentators joined in opposition, writing that
8112-501: The passage of the ADA, the use of captioning has expanded. Entertainment, educational, informational, and training materials are captioned for deaf and hard-of-hearing audiences at the time they are produced and distributed. The Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990 requires that all televisions larger than 13 inches sold in the United States after July 1993 have a special built-in decoder that enables viewers to watch closed-captioned programming. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 directs
8216-663: The platform extensions at 72nd Street during 1910 and 1911. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910. On January 23, 1911, ten-car express trains began running on the Lenox Avenue Line, and the following day, ten-car express trains were inaugurated on the West Side Line. The Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street in 1918, and the original line was divided into an H-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of
8320-469: The platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every 5 feet (1.5 m), support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. There is a 1-inch (25 mm) gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of 4-inch (100 mm)-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish. In the 72nd Street station, decorative elements are limited largely to
8424-414: The platforms and stairways were unusually narrow; the platforms were 15.5 feet (4.7 m) wide at their widest point, and the staircases were 4 feet (1.2 m) wide. When Donald Trump developed his Riverside South complex two blocks to the west in the 1990s, some locals opposed Trump's development, saying it would increase crowding at the 72nd Street station. Following local residents' objections that
8528-479: The platforms by a passageway under the tracks. The city government allocated a $ 1.35 million grant for the project, which was withdrawn in February 1976. Afterward, U.S. representative Bella S. Abzug continued to advocate for the station's renovation. By 1979, there were plans to build a new station entrance and convert the existing headhouse into a newsstand. In the 1980s, the developers Abe Hirschfeld and Carlos Varsavsky pledged to spend $ 30 million renovating
8632-560: The project, which was to cost $ 53 million (equivalent to $ 93.8 million in 2023), commenced in June 2000. As part of the project, a secondary station house entrance with elevators was built north of 72nd Street. Each platform was lengthened by 50 feet (15 m), although the platforms largely remained the same width. The work also involved permanently closing the northbound roadway of Broadway from 72nd to 73rd Streets, with northbound Broadway traffic being diverted onto Amsterdam Avenue. Constructing
8736-498: The regulation of the internal employment of churches was "... an improper intrusion [of] the federal government." Many companies, corporations, and business groups opposed the Americans with Disabilities Act, arguing that the legislation would impose costs on businesses. Testifying before Congress, Greyhound Bus Lines stated that the act had the potential to "deprive millions of people of affordable intercity public transportation and thousands of rural communities of their only link to
8840-434: The renovation, U.S. representative Jerry Nadler requested a $ 9.5 million grant from the federal government in 1994. MTA officials subsequently rejected the renovation as being infeasible, saying the expense of digging through the bedrock to widen the platforms would have increased the project's total cost to $ 200 million. Neighborhood groups protested the MTA's decision. By February 1996, MTA officials were planning to award
8944-552: The report was to recommend the adoption of comprehensive civil rights legislation, which became the ADA. The idea of federal legislation enhancing and extending civil rights legislation to millions of Americans with disabilities gained bipartisan support in late 1988 and early 1989. In early 1989 both Congress and the newly inaugurated Bush White House worked separately, then jointly, to write legislation capable of expanding civil rights without imposing undue harm or costs on those already in compliance with existing rules and laws. Over
9048-475: The requirement is conditioned on whether providing access through a fixed lift is "readily achievable". Other requirements exist, based on pool size, include providing a certain number of accessible means of entry and exit, which are outlined in Section 242 of the standards. However, businesses are free to consider the differences in the application of the rules depending on whether the pool is new or altered, or whether
9152-461: The southbound platform to increase space for riders on the express side of the platform. Funding was again allocated to remove the station house in 1945. The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. The IRT routes were given numbered designations in 1948 with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock , which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The Broadway route to 242nd Street became known as
9256-481: The southbound platform, and an exit-only staircase from the northbound platform to the traffic island just south of the head house; however, the Transit Bureau advised against this move as it would aggravate overcrowding. In 1930, there was funding allocated to remove the station head house, and replace it with an underpass and sidewalk entrances. In Fiscal Year 1937, space was cut out under parts of two staircases on
9360-497: The stairwell. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by tile contractor John H. Parry. The entrances and exits are in two station houses , both on traffic islands between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue. The original station house is south of 72nd Street, while
9464-424: The station house required taking a portion of Verdi Square , which required the replacement of the lost park space. The original plan for the new station house would have included the use of vault lighting. However, in order to cut costs and deal with concerns over their maintenance, vault lighting was removed from the project. The renovation was completed on October 29, 2002, providing a new, larger station house on
9568-441: The station house's roof is a skylight made of glass and metal. The doorways are centrally located on the north and south walls of the control house, topped by four terracotta finials and a rounded gable. There are terracotta crosses on each rounded gable with the number "72" embossed onto them. The south doorway contains four doors, above which is a pediment and an arched window made of glass and wrought iron. The north doorway
9672-413: The station was renovated and a second head house was built north of 72nd Street, within an expansion of Verdi Square . The 72nd Street station contains two island platforms and four tracks. The outer tracks are used by local trains, while the inner two tracks are used by express trains. The station's original head house and part of its interior are New York City designated landmarks and are listed on
9776-520: The station, install mosaics, and pipe in music into the station. Though their proposal was supported by the MTA, the Transport Workers Union was opposed to the proposal as Ben & Jerry's wanted to hire non-union labor for the project. The proposal had stalled by the end of 1987. Ultimately, the contract expired at the end of March 1988. Rather than adopting the 72nd Street station for maintenance, Ben & Jerry's chose to sponsor
9880-428: The swimming pool was in existence before the effective date of the new rule. Full compliance may not be required for existing facilities; Section 242 and 1009 of the 2010 Standards outline such exceptions. ADA provides explicit coverage for service animals . Guidelines protect persons with disabilities and indemnify businesses from damages related to granting access to service animals. Businesses are allowed to ask if
9984-507: The traffic island between 72nd and 73rd Streets and slightly wider platforms at the north end of the station. The closeout of the project was done fourteen months late due to a setback in the installation of street lighting and acceptance by the New York City Department of Transportation . The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated the station house on the traffic island between 71st and 72nd Streets as
10088-417: The walls adjacent to the tracks, which are made of white glass tiles. The walls are divided by steel support columns every 5 feet (1.5 m); the panels between each set of columns are curved slightly away from the tracks. At 50-foot (15 m) intervals along the station walls, there are 5-by-8-foot (1.5 by 2.4 m) mosaic panels with blue, buff, and cream tiles in tapestry designs. Atop each wall
10192-510: The years, key activists and advocates played an important role in lobbying members of the U.S. Congress to develop and pass the ADA, including Justin Whitlock Dart Jr. , Patrisha Wright and others. Wright is known as "the General" for her work in coordinating the campaign to enact the ADA. She is widely considered the main force behind the campaign lobbying for the ADA. Senator Bob Dole
10296-405: Was a supporter and advocate for the bill. Conservative evangelicals opposed the ADA because the legislation protected individuals with HIV, which they associated with homosexuality. The debate over the Americans with Disabilities Act led some religious groups to take opposite positions. The Association of Christian Schools International opposed the ADA in its original form, primarily because
10400-512: Was built. 40°46′38″N 73°58′56″W / 40.77722°N 73.98222°W / 40.77722; -73.98222 This article about a location in Manhattan , New York is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 72nd Street station (IRT Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh Avenue Line) [REDACTED] The 72nd Street station is an express station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of
10504-563: Was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line ) from 60th Street to 82nd Street, for which work had begun on August 22, 1900. Work for that section had been awarded to William Bradley. By late 1903, the subway was nearly complete, but the IRT Powerhouse and the system's electrical substations were still under construction, delaying the system's opening. As late as October 26, 1904,
10608-470: Was its chief sponsor in the Senate. Harkin delivered part of his introduction speech in sign language, saying it was so his deaf brother could understand. President George H. W. Bush , on signing the measure on July 26, 1990, said: I know there may have been concerns that the ADA may be too vague or too costly, or may lead endlessly to litigation. But I want to reassure you right now that my administration and
10712-472: Was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1980, and the original interiors were listed on the NRHP in 2004. 72nd Street contains four tracks and two island platforms that allow for cross-platform interchanges between local and express trains heading in the same direction. Express trains run on the innermost two tracks, while local trains run on the outer pair. The local tracks are used by
10816-470: Was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. At the 72nd Street station, the northbound platform was extended 80 feet (24 m) south and 25 feet (7.6 m) north, while the southbound platform was extended 25 feet (7.6 m) south and 100 feet (30 m) north. A new crossover and signal tower were also built in conjunction with these extensions. Work progressed on
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