132-651: Rugby League Halifax Panthers (1998–present) Huddersfield Giants (2011 – 3 games ) The Shay is a multi-purpose sports stadium in Halifax , West Yorkshire , England . It is home to the F.C. Halifax Town football club and the Halifax Panthers rugby league team. The stadium is owned by the Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council and leased by the Shay Stadium Trust,
264-622: A not-for-profit company set up to preserve the ground as a sports stadium. The Shay lies on the south side of Halifax, about a quarter of a mile from the town centre. The four stands at the stadium include the North Stand, the East Stand, the South Stand and the Skircoat Stand. The North and South stands were built in the mid-1990s. The Skircoat Stand is the oldest stand in the stadium. 'Shay'
396-613: A 4,500 capacity stadium next to the nearby North Bridge Leisure Centre, though they still wanted to build a superstore on the Shay. On 18 March, the new plan was also rejected. Though many people in Halifax were not too bothered about the club's plight, soccer fans cried out to the council to make a positive move. Although Halifax Town went into liquidation in the summer of 2008, newly formed FC Halifax Town replaced them, albeit at three levels below Halifax Town's position when they dissolved. These days
528-676: A chorus in Handel's landmark Oratorio Messiah . The annual Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival is held in the town which is also home to the Huddersfield Philharmonic Orchestra and the Huddersfield Singers . On Christmas Day 1977, the Sex Pistols played their last two British shows, a matinee for the children of striking firefighters, at Ivanhoe's nightclub, before embarking on their ill-fated US tour which saw
660-621: A club record 29,153 people in the third round of the Challenge Cup. Halifax won their third Championship in 1964-65 after finishing 7th in the league table and progressing through the new 16-team play-offs. They became Champions by beating St Helens 15-7 in the Championship Final held at Station Road, Swinton. Terry Fogerty of Halifax was awarded the Harry Sunderland Trophy for man-of-the-match. In 1965-66 Halifax again reached
792-482: A company concerned with the integration of disabled people into mainstream theatre. Kelly Rowlands also holds the 2003 Line Dancing championship Record. The John Smith's Stadium , (formerly the Galpharm Stadium and Alfred McAlpine Stadium), is a multi-use sports stadium with a gym, swimming pool, spa and offers sporting classes. The stadium is home to Huddersfield Giants and Huddersfield Town football team. Adjacent
924-718: A councillor, Dr Jackie Grunsell in the Crosland Moor ward. In January 2016 plans were announced to close the A&;E department of Huddersfield Royal Infirmary and have all emergency cases go to Calderdale Royal instead. This sparked uproar in local communities as it would mean journeys from some areas of over 40 minutes to and from the hospital assuming that the main road into Halifax was not congested, as it frequently is. The former St. Luke's Hospital in Crosland Moor mostly provided geriatric and psychiatric care. It closed in 2011 and
1056-639: A crest as many other clubs did until the advent of Super League , Halifax and many other clubs, changed their names and badge thus becoming known as the Halifax Blue Sox from the 1996 season. This however was unpopular with fans and the name was reverted to 'Halifax' and the town coat of arms was reintroduced with Halifax under it. Huddersfield Huddersfield is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire , England. It
1188-570: A crowd of over 10,000, although as Town slipped towards the bottom of the table during the course of the season, attendances fell also. The record attendance for the Shay was 36,885 on 14 February 1953 in the 5th round of the FA Cup against Tottenham Hotspur . It is fair to say with confidence that the 36,885 figure that watched the Spurs game will never be bettered. Though the Shay could once hold 40,000, safety measures dictate that it never will again. In fact,
1320-411: A current capacity of 14,061 (5,830 seated). The Shay hosted games during the 2013 Rugby League World Cup . Halifax have traditionally played in blue and white. Their home jersey is blue and hoops and their away colours have been in recent seasons a combination of red, black and white, replacing their traditional red and white hoops. Since its formation in 1873, Halifax used the town's coat of arms as
1452-457: A deal that covered the four remaining matches of this season. The club returned to their traditional Halifax RLFC name at the start of 2003. At the end of the 2003 season they were relegated from Super League to National League One. Halifax's financial troubles meant they were unable to retain a full-time team and they struggled in the new league. In 2004 having been saved from insolvency by their new chairman Howard Posner they narrowly avoided
SECTION 10
#17328515093681584-556: A disappointing 6th place finish in 2016, the club again reached the qualifiers in 2017 and 2018 finishing 3rd and 4th respectively. This made the club the most successful part-time team in the RFL. Long serving director and chairman Michael Steele stepped down from the Board at the end of 2017. In December 2020, Halifax RLFC adopted the name Halifax Panthers . In the 2021 Championship season, Halifax Panthers finished in third place and qualified for
1716-463: A draw. The first home game was played a month later against Wakefield Trinity on a cricket field in King Cross Street, which again resulted in a draw. In these early years, matches were played at Ovenden, Savile Park and Hanson Lane. After winning the first Yorkshire Cup in 1878 beating York in the final at Leeds, they went on to win it on another four occasions. Several players were picked for
1848-546: A game against amateurs Cawoods. Fax won only two matches all season and finished bottom of the rugby league pyramid. Chris Anderson was player-coach of Halifax from November 1984 to May 1987, then he retired from playing but remained as coach in 1987–88. He brought over Australian internationals such as Graham Eadie and Tony Anderson. The team climbed out of the Second Division, won the League Championship in 1985–86,
1980-454: A large following of supporters. For rugby league the stand is usually open. It is a terraced stand. The South Stand is generally where the home fans stand. It was once the away stand. The stand has a bar in its concourse and catering facilities are situated outside. The East Stand is now the main stand at the Shay. In the past it has been the main problem at the Shay as when the Family Stand
2112-436: A large kitchen and gallery 'fitted with every modern improvement for cooking on the steam principle', a spacious passage 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) wide and 44 ft long (13 m), an elegant staircase with a double flight of stone steps. There was a landing 13 ft wide (4.0 m) and a spacious gallery on the second floor, while the drawing room and the five 'lodging rooms' with dressing rooms adjoining, were on
2244-423: A large number of niche manufacturers, such as Dual Seal Glass (maker of spandrel glass panels ) and Ellis Furniture (producer of kitchen and bathroom furniture). Huddersfield is home to Andrew Jones Pies, a regional award-winning pie-maker, and Mamas and Papas , a manufacturer and retailer of prams, pushchairs and related items and specialist pneumatics supplier Shelley Automation Ltd. Huddersfield Royal Infirmary
2376-560: A large shopping unit empty in The Piazza Centre. In 2019 Marks & Spencer announced 17 closures within the UK, one of these was the Huddersfield store. Huddersfield Choral Society founded in 1836, claims to be the UK's leading choral society . Its history was chronicled in the book 'And The Glory' , written to commemorate the society's 150th anniversary in 1986 – its title derived from
2508-489: A major landmark, was the site of an Iron Age hill fort . The remains of a Roman fort were unearthed in the mid 18th century at Slack near Outlane , west of the town. The earliest surviving record of the place name is in the Domesday Book of 1086, Oderesfelt . It appears as Hudresfeld in a Yorkshire charter from 1121 to 1127, and as Huderesfeld in subsidy rolls in 1297. The name meaning has not complicated with
2640-417: A more secure position at Peterborough United . On 23 December, John Madeley announced he had signed an agreement with a property company which, he said, would safeguard soccer at the Shay until the end of the season. They were prepared to put money into the club, but wanted to move it out of the Shay so they could develop it after the season's close. In February 1987 it came to light that this property company
2772-648: A population of 216,011. Huddersfield has the merger of the shallow valley floors of the River Colne and the Holme south of the town centre. This is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines which blend into the moorlands of the South Pennines west of the town. As with all of West Yorkshire a temperate oceanic climate exists, wetter than the low plains rain shadow proper towards East Yorkshire but drier than Cumbria . It
SECTION 20
#17328515093682904-556: A prominent mill town with an economic boom in the early part of the Victorian era Industrial Revolution . The town centre has much neoclassical Victorian architecture . An example is its railway station , which is a Grade I listed building described by John Betjeman as "the most splendid station façade in England". It won the Europa Nostra award for architecture. Huddersfield hosts
3036-485: A recommendation was put to the committee which was passed and the Halifax Courier set up a fund to help get the Shay ready. Timber was delivered to the Shay for work to begin on Saturday 16 October 1920. An appeal was made in the Halifax Courier that night for people to help on the following Monday. Fans, players and directors worked together to get the ground ready, and on 7 December the first grass sods were laid on
3168-401: A second relegation to National League 2, with a last-gasp victory in a play-off with York City Knights . Anthony Farrell was asked to become temporary coach until the end of the year following the sacking of Tony Anderson. After saving the club from relegation the following season and taking the club within a whisker of a place in the grand final, they lost out to Castleford . The year after
3300-522: A winter to a summer season. In the lead-up, the Halifax President, Tony Gartland, and former Chairman, Peter Marsland, left the board over plans to merge with rivals Bradford Northern and join the proposed Super League as single club. Halifax joined the Super League in 1996, the local newspaper did a poll of suggested nicknames for the club with Halifax Bombers topping the list. But the Board upon
3432-561: Is also a 5-a-side pitch next to the southern turnstiles that can be hired. In June 2007, Shay Stadium Community Football was formed. The community scheme was set up as a non for profit organisation using the stadium as a main hub. The leader of the project was Lee Ashforth who drove the company forwards and set up a committee based on 4 directors who previously had been involved with the Shay Stadium Trust. The company started by delivering sessions aimed at primary school children and delivering holiday courses throughout every school holiday. Since
3564-579: Is clear that the Ibbetson family did not live at the Shay - they did not need to, and so in the Halifax Journal of 18 April 1807, the mansion built by John Caygill was advertised for letting. The same advertisement in the Halifax Journal also gave details of the mansion itself. On the ground floor was a dining room 29 by 23 ft (8.8 by 7.0 m) and 13 ft high (4.0 m), breakfast room, and parlour, housekeeper's room, butler's pantry, servants' hall,
3696-478: Is derived from the old English word ' shaw ', which means a small wood, thicket or grove. The two words are used interchangeably in ancient references to the property upon which the stadium was eventually constructed. References to the name Shay have been traced as far back as 1462, when on 6 July of that year a wealthy local man named William Brodley recorded that upon his death, property belonging to him just west of Shaghe Lane should pass to his son, John Brodley. At
3828-401: Is home to textile, chemical and engineering companies, including Brook Motors Ltd founded by Ernest Brook in 1904. Against conventional wisdom, he started making alternating current electric motors, and he did this in one room with two assistants and starting capital of just £300. On its 50th anniversary in 1954 it employed more than 2,000 people and, with Ernest's sons Frank and Jack in charge,
3960-532: Is in Lindley . Medical services are split between there and the Calderdale Royal Hospital at Salterhebble , near Halifax . Kirkwood Hospice provides care for the terminally ill , and is dependent on donations and charitable gifts. Princess Royal Hospital provided maternity facilities until the risks of not being able to get an ambulance to A&E in the event of complications were judged to outweigh
4092-470: Is mild for the latitude – overnight frosts are quite frequent in winter yet daytime tends to exceed such temperatures due to onshore breezes from around Britain and as the Gulf Stream moderates temperatures. Summers are usually warm, punctuated by frequent rainy and hot spells. Winters are usually cool and damp, punctuated by frequent cold spells where snow is possible, especially on higher ground. According to
The Shay - Misplaced Pages Continue
4224-515: Is no doubt that they all refer to the same appropriate buildings, and are not new or separate ones. From the 1840s until 1903, there were six owners of the Shay Estate. William Boocock was the Shay mansion's last owner, though he only lived there for a few years up to 1903. By this time the Shay Estate was in the hands of the Halifax Corporation, and with the completion of the new Skircoat Road,
4356-493: Is not clear but we do know that the Shay descended to his daughter and heiress Grace Hely in 1580, and in turn to her husband John Booth in 1587. This was recorded in the Halifax Court Rolls as Booth becoming the owner of 'Shaw and Nether Shaw'. At about this time, conservation of water and the maintenance of its purity were matters of extreme importance, and in 1588 John Booth arranged for a small dam to be constructed within
4488-519: Is the administrative centre and largest settlement in the Kirklees district. The town is in the foothills of the Pennines . The River Holme 's confluence into the similar-sized Colne is to the south of the town centre which then flows into the Calder in the north eastern outskirts of the town. The rivers around the town provided soft water required for textile treatment in large weaving sheds ; this made it
4620-637: Is the second oldest in the United Kingdom, started in 1889 lasting for nine days each year. Free music concerts have been put on for the town, including bands such as the Ordinary Boys, the Script and Elliott Minor. There are many local choirs, youth and adult, a noted example of the latter being the Honley Male Voice Choir. Home-grown musical talent of all kinds is complemented by the student intake to
4752-475: Is within a green belt region that extends into the Kirklees borough and wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce urban sprawl , prevent the towns in the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within
4884-648: Is worthy of a town this size, our position as members of the English League with all that means, is absolutely secure." In that same speech Dr. Muir announced that the Town directors were to meet members of the Corporation's Improvements Committee with a view to the leasing of the Shay, so that they could prepare it in time for the 1921-22 season. Halifax Town, formed in 1911, had earlier played at Sandhall Lane and then Exley – an unsuitable venue. On Wednesday 4 August 1920,
5016-435: The 1953–54 Challenge Cup , featuring in the first ever drawn final against Warrington in 1954, losing in the replay at Odsal Stadium , Bradford in front of what was then a world record rugby league crowd officially given as 102,569, although estimates suggest another 20,000 plus entered unofficially. After securing a Yorkshire league and cup double in 1955–56, the club was in sight of winning " All Four Cups " . Wembley
5148-563: The 2013 World Cup between Tonga and Italy. The North Stand was completed first (before the South Stand), which enabled Halifax Town to return to the Football League when it won the Conference in 1998. The South Stand was completed within the next year. The stand is usually where away fans are housed. In recent times the stand hasn't been used as Halifax Town's opponents don't tend to bring
5280-681: The Championship , the second tier of British rugby league . Halifax Panthers have won the League Championship four times the Challenge Cup five times. They have rivalries with neighbours Bradford of the Championship, Huddersfield of Super League, and also fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers and Pennines rivals Rochdale . clubs traditional home colours are blue and white hoops, white shorts and blue and white socks. The club
5412-726: The Köppen climate classification , Huddersfield is certified as Cfb . After boundary changes in 2004, Huddersfield now covers eight of the twenty-three electoral wards for Kirklees Council. Neighbouring wards in the Colne Valley , Holme Valley , and Kirkburton are often considered to be part of Huddersfield though they are predominantly semi-rural . The very centre of town forms the Newsome ward of councillors. Eight wards make up Huddersfield proper; these with populations, extent and constituent suburbs (mid-year 2005 estimates) are: Huddersfield
The Shay - Misplaced Pages Continue
5544-513: The Lancashire and Yorkshire line to Halifax. However, shortly after this, "owing to the present position of railways and the condition of the money market", there was no reasonable prospect of the proposed railway being constructed in the immediate future, and all plans were abandoned. Work had actually been started on a tunnel to run under the newly constructed Skircoat Road, on the Well Head side of
5676-463: The New Zealand All Blacks , including George Nēpia and Charles Smith , and these players now joined Halifax. In 1938, Halifax reached the semi-final of the Challenge Cup, after winning three replays in a row, before they were knocked out by Barrow at Fartown , Huddersfield in the dying seconds of the game. In 1939, Halifax became the last team to win the Challenge Cup final before
5808-562: The Odsal Stadium , becoming known as the Bradford Dukes . The shale surfaced speedway track at the Shay was 370 metres (400 yd) long. In 1998 rugby league club Halifax sold their historic home ground Thrum Hall , which had been their home since 1886 for £1.5 million to the retail chain Asda and moved their base to the Shay. There have been many top players for Halifax over
5940-465: The Rugby Football Union over issues related to leglising payments to players and playing in competitive leagues. In 1896, Halifax lost out on winning the first ever Rugby Football League Championship by a single point, with Manningham becoming the inaugural champions. In 1902–03, they achieved the 'double' by winning the Challenge Cup and finishing top of Division One. They won the cup again
6072-588: The United Reformed Church ), Methodism , Quakers , and the Roman Catholic Church . Buddhism , Hinduism , Islam , the Jehovah's Witnesses , Mormonism and Sikhism all have congregational buildings. The town's religious makeup was 39% Christian , 37.4% No Religion, 20.4% Muslim , and has small Hindu , Sikh , Buddhist and Jewish communities. Huddersfield is a manufacturing town, despite
6204-761: The University of Huddersfield and three colleges: Greenhead College , Kirklees College and Huddersfield New College . The town is the birthplace of rugby league with the local team, Huddersfield Giants , playing in the Super League . It also has a professional football team called Huddersfield Town , that currently competes in the EFL League One , as well as two Rugby Union clubs Huddersfield R.U.F.C. and Huddersfield YM RUFC . Notable people include Labour British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and film star James Mason . The town has been classed under Yorkshire ,
6336-519: The University of Huddersfield 's music department. "The Sheriff of Huddersfield" is a song by heavy metal band Iron Maiden on the B-side of their 1986 single " Wasted Years ", written about their co-manager Rod Smallwood , leaving his home town of Huddersfield and struggling to settle into life in Los Angeles. Huddersfield is home to thrash metal band Evile , dance rock band Kava Kava , the birthplace of
6468-614: The West Riding of Yorkshire and West Yorkshire for statistics throughout its history. The town's population in 1961 was 130,652 with an increase to 162,949 at the 2011 census; it is in the West Yorkshire Built-up Area . The town is 14 miles (23 km) south-west of Leeds , 12 miles (19 km) west of Wakefield , 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Sheffield and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Manchester . Local settlement dates back over 4,000 years. Castle Hill ,
6600-672: The de Lacy family until its 1322 takeback by the Crown. In 1599, William Ramsden bought it, and the Ramsden family continued to own the manor, which was known as the Ramsden Estate , until 1920. During their ownership they supported the development of the town. Sir John Ramsden, 3rd Baronet built the Huddersfield Cloth Hall in 1766 and his son the fourth baronet was responsible for Huddersfield Broad Canal in 1780. The Ramsdens endorsed
6732-558: The 1950s reflected in several Liberal social clubs. The current Member of Parliament (MP) for the Huddersfield constituency is Harpreet Uppal , a Labour MP. The town's population in 1961 had reached 130,652. Per the United Kingdom Census 2001 the population of the town's urban sub-area of the West Yorkshire Urban Area was 146,234, and that of the former extent of the county borough was 121,620. The wider South Kirklees had
SECTION 50
#17328515093686864-704: The 1986–87 Challenge Cup against St. Helens and made a second successive appearance in the Challenge Cup final in 1988 when they lost to Wigan . Despite this on-field success, Halifax were banned from signing new players by the RFL after complaints of non-payments in November 1988. In 1989, John Dorahy took up a position as captain-coach of Halifax for the 1989–90 season. Halifax players threatened strike action over unpaid wages in April 1990. The club sold Neil James for £20,000 to pay wages but were still in financial trouble including an unpaid tax bill of £70,000. Halifax went into
6996-552: The Championship Final through the play-offs, after finishing 10th in the league table. Their opponents were again St Helens who this time ran out comfortable winners by 35-12. Halifax was hit hard by revenue shortfalls during the late 1960s, and 1970s. Fortunes on the pitch suffered as the shortfall was met by selling players. In 1970, a concert was held at Thrum Hall in an attempt to alleviate these financial troubles. Horrific weather conditions meant that only around 3,000 arrived to watch
7128-433: The Halifax Pop and Blues Concert which made a loss of £6,000. Despite victory in the inaugural Regal Trophy Final (called the Players No. 6 Trophy for sponsorship purposes) in 1971–72, financial problems continued for the next decade. In 1983, local businessman, David Brook provided much needed investment in the club. The 1977-78 season saw Halifax hit rock bottom with a losing streak of 24 consecutive defeats, including
7260-404: The Second Division Final at Old Trafford . During this season, In October 1990, the set its still current record victory – an 82–8 win over Runcorn Highfield at Thrum Hall. Roe was removed from office 24-hours after the 1991 Final, when he refused to a demand that he re-apply for his own job; the Halifax board had told him that he did not have the required experience for a club in
7392-400: The Shay Estate became the object of many schemes. On 9 November 1898, it was announced that a proposal had been put forward to run goods trains to the Shay Estate and build a goods depot there. On 31 May 1902 an agreement was made by the Midland Rail Company for the purchase of the estate, the company having sought powers to construct a loop line at Low Moor railway station and to run a part of
7524-422: The Shay Estate so as to provide enough water for his needs. This supply was later diverted away from the Shaw Syke in 1602 and within two years Booth surrendered ownership of 'Over and Nether Shaw' to the use of Simon Bynnes of Broadbottom. As there are no records of subsequent owners after Bynnes, or of the houses they would have lived in, this gives us the opportunity to jump forward to the 18th century to introduce
7656-480: The Shay could be transformed into a football ground. Even then, there was some criticism of the idea, but the board of Halifax Town made an official approach to the Shay's owners, the Corporation, and it was accepted. At a public meeting on 9 July 1920, the then Halifax Town chairman Dr A.H. Muir stated: "Speaking from inside information I know that if, in February 1921, we can produce a ground that will meet league requirements, and if we can show financial backing that
7788-424: The Shay has quickly changed beyond recognition. The two new blocks of terracing at the north and south ends of the pitch have brought the once run-down stadium up to date. The Skircoat Stand has been turned into an all-seated and the East Stand takes the stadium's capacity above 10,000 for the first time since the 1980s. The Shay is no longer just a football ground and is now home to not only FC Halifax Town , but also
7920-409: The Shay in 1987 it became part of Calderdale Leisure Services (CLS) and in July 1988 new plans were announced for the ground. A new stand was purchased from Scunthorpe United and other major ground improvements were being made. On 27 October 1986, then chairman John Madeley announced that the club was close to collapse. Many people looked to Calderdale Council to help save the club as it still owned
8052-403: The Shay. This meant that the football pitch had to be reduced in size and each goalpost was moved three yards into the playing area so an agreement was reached by the speedway and soccer clubs whereby the Halifax Dukes had to pay the Halifax Town AFC 10% of all speedway gate receipts. The first speedway meeting was held on Wednesday 6 April 1949, and the opponents were Yarmouth Bloaters. The track
SECTION 60
#17328515093688184-549: The Yorkshire County side in these years, and five were for the England rugby union team . In 1886, the club moved to Thrum Hall , which would be their home ground for the next 112 years. The first game there was played on 18 September 1886 against Hull F.C. and drew 8,000 spectators. After the 1890-91 season, Halifax along with other Yorkshire Senior clubs Batley, Bradford, Brighouse, Dewsbury, Huddersfield, Hull, Hunslet, Leeds, Liversedge, Manningham and Wakefield decided that they wanted their own county league starting in 1891 along
8316-402: The benefits of specialist service provision. It now functions as a day clinic, family planning consultation centre and GUM Clinic . A decision to move most maternity services provided by the Calderdale & Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust to the Calderdale Royal Hospital ended the provision in 2007, despite strong local opposition. The campaign was led by Save Huddersfield NHS which elected
8448-421: The capacity put on the Shay has reduced dramatically since the early 1970s: in 1970 it was 38,000, 1972 it was 25,000, 1977 it was 23,000, 1979 it was 16,500. The capacity stood at 16,500 until 1985 at which time the Popplewell Report into ground safety was released following the Valley Parade disaster in May of that year. All standing areas at the Shay were closed, and for a time, while it remained seating only,
8580-405: The club as assistant coach from Rochdale Hornets and took full charge after Gary Mercer 's resignation. With the club threatened again by financial problems and the danger of relegation Halifax sacked coach Steve Linnane in August 2002, the morning after a 64–0 loss to St. Helens, which came after nine losses from ten games which put the club at risk of relegation. Replacement Tony Anderson signed
8712-399: The club on a sound financial footing, Howard Posner stepped down as chairman and was replaced by long time supporter and director Michael Steele. In 2010, Halifax won the Co-Operative Championship, beating Featherstone Rovers 23–22 in the final after extra time. It was the first trophy Halifax had won in 23 years. But the club were not promoted back to Super League as promotion to super league
8844-462: The company then grew and included nurseries and adult sessions aimed at fitness and socialising. The community scheme also delivers a BTEC education course at 16–18 years of age. Although no plans for future redevelopment have been confirmed, there has been talk of a new west stand, replacing the current Skircoat Stand. The plan was to build a two-tier stand with shops that backed onto Skircoat Road, however nothing has been officially announced. Within
8976-479: The conditions demanded by the Edinburgh property firm behind the move. These 'difficulties' concerned the lease of the Shay. With the council unwilling to part with the lease, it came as no surprise when the Edinburgh firm pulled out of its bid to save the club. On 26 November, the Inland Revenue gave Halifax Town just six days to come up with proposals for paying the £76,000 tax debt. The situation became so serious that Halifax Town manager Mick Jones resigned for
9108-511: The demand to finish this corner, if there is ever the need many would imagine that this corner would be completed first as there would be less planning/construction issues, and would thus be a quick way of increasing capacity/facilities. Some might argue that the unfinished stand detracts from the overall look of the ground. Halifax Panthers The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire , England . They play home games at The Shay and compete in
9240-544: The designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building. The green belt surrounds the Huddersfield built-up area, a much-wooded buffer zone . Larger outlying communities such as Upper Hopton, Grange Moor, Highburton, Farnley Tyas , Netherton, Honley , Outlane , Slaithwaite , Wellhouse are exempt from this. Nearby smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas such as Thurgory, Gawthorpe Green , Bog Green, Upper Heaton, Wilberlee , South Crosland , Rushfield Bridge, and Bank End see their unbuilt land included in
9372-438: The designation. Much semi-rural land on the fringes forms the rest. It was chiefly defined in the 1960s, and across Kirklees covers about 70%, i.e. 23,050 hectares (57,000 acres) (2017, excluding the Peak District National Park). A subsidiary aim is to encourage play, sport and leisure, through woodland, moor, streams, green meadows, fields, small bogs. Features are: West of Marsden , Meltham and Holmbridge , it borders
9504-423: The end of speedway, "while rates and taxation remains at the present levels." In November 1962 Middlesbrough speedway promoter Reg Fearman saw the Shay for the first time, and in 1963 he made a formal application to Halifax Town for use of the ground to revive the sport. At the beginning of 1965 work began on constructing the ground and speedway returned. The second time around it proved successful, and remained at
9636-556: The final of the Northern Rail Cup but this time were victorious over favourites Featherstone Rovers beating them 21–12 in a match watched by over 7,000 spectators. In 2015 Halifax finished the regular season in the top four of the Championship, earning them a place in the qualifiers. Despite being the lowest ranked team in the competition, and part-time, they beat promotion favourites Leigh and Sheffield Eagles to finish 6th out of 8, and secured improved central funding for 2016. After
9768-602: The first week of the play-offs by York City losing 26-24. In September 2024, the club was threatened with closure due to an outstanding bill to HMRC . On 11 September 2024, the club managed to stave off liquidation after paying their outstanding debt to the HMRC. Shortly after they were founded in 1873, Halifax bought some land in Halifax from a farmer with the aim to build a multipurpose sports venue. Thrum Hall hosted rugby league finals and test matches as well as speedway . Halifax played at Thrum Hall for 112 years, until they sold
9900-429: The following season, and were the first ever Championship play-off winners in 1906–07. Halifax won their first Wembley Challenge Cup final in 1931, beating York F.C. 22–8. An estimated 100,000 people lined the route to a civic reception at the town hall. Towards the end of the 1937 season, Streatham and Mitcham folded after just one full season in the league. The club had made a number of high-profile signings from
10032-408: The future of the Shay must have looked very much in doubt. Up until 1890 any traffic heading in the direction of Huddersfield travelled along the main route which ran from the town centre along the bottom of the Shay, up Shaw Hill to Huddersfield Road. It was the idea of John Booth to develop the pleasant Caygill's Walk, which ran along the top of the Shay, into what is now the busy Skircoat Road. At
10164-606: The ground during home fixtures and other fund-raising events, were able to raise £55,000. Howard Posner then came forward and announced that he would loan the club the remaining £35,000 in order to keep Halifax alive, repayment of the loan was waived. Posner and the new board of directors subsequently invested further sums to ensure the club could survive and that Halifax would be playing in National League One during 2007. Howard Posner, again became club Chairman and Martin Hall took up
10296-493: The ground for the next twenty years. By the 1970s people valued it greater than football for family entertainment, with the Dukes producing such renowned riders as Eric Boocock and Kenny Carter . Attendances became regularly higher than those of the football club and the Shay often hosted speedway internationals. In 1986, after disputes over money with Halifax Town AFC, the speedway club moved out of town to neighbouring Bradford and
10428-541: The group's acrimonious collapse. In the early-mid-1990s, Flex, an underground Jungle/ Drum 'n' Bass record label, was founded by musician and BBC Radio 1Xtra DJ, L Double. In 2000 another independent record label Chocolate Fireguard Records was founded by singer Pat Fulgoni who developed a three-stage community music event, Timeless Festival , in Ravensknowle Park, featuring a range of electronica, hip hop and rock music. There are other annual music festivals held in
10560-521: The hands of receivers, £760,000 in debt, a take-over bid having failed after the players refused to take a pay cut. The club was re-formed and the assets were purchased by the Marsland/Gartland consortium of local businessmen. Peter Roe was appointed as head coach at Halifax for 1990–91, during which the team achieved promotion to the First Division along with Salford, who were their opponents in
10692-531: The keynote central building freeholds belong to the local authority, as in a few towns in Britain such as Basingstoke . Huddersfield was incorporated as a municipal borough in the ancient West Riding of Yorkshire in 1868. The borough comprised the thus sidelined civil parishes of Almondbury, Dalton, Huddersfield, Lindley-cum-Quarmby and Lockwood, later dissolved. When the West Riding County Council
10824-463: The land and £840 for the construction of the Piece Hall , a monument which still stands today as a tourist attraction. John Caygill junior's only child, the aforementioned 'Jenny', became sole heiress to her father's estates, including the Shay. She would marry Sir James Ibbetson, Baronet of Leeds and Denton on 8 February 1768, and thus the ownership of the Shay Estate passed into the Ibbetson family. It
10956-486: The land for £1.5 million to ASDA to move to a new stadium in the Super League era. Thrum Hall was notable for its distinctive slope. As it was built on the side of a hill, the ground had a four yard slope from the main grandstand side to the outer wing. Thrum Hall had a spectator capacity of 9,832 when it closed as a sports venue. Halifax first played at the Shay in the 1998 Super League season and ground shared with association football team Halifax Town . The Shay has
11088-428: The land was sold to a developer; this land is now home to Fitzwilliam Grange, a housing estate. Platform 1 is a charity established in 2018 and provides a space and advice for men struggling with mental health. The Lawrence Batley Theatre , opened in 1994, in what was once the largest Wesleyan Chapel in the world, and presents dance, drama, comedy, music and exhibitions and is the base for Full Body and The Voice,
11220-401: The lease on the ground and any plans for the Shay from private companies would have to be given the council's go-ahead. However, on 17 November it rejected two plans to save the club. One proposal was from a London property firm wanting to build shops on the Shay. The other, involving the development of a sports complex, including a ground for the club, was turned down because of difficulties over
11352-582: The lines of a similar competition that had been played in Lancashire. The clubs wanted full control of the league but the Yorkshire Rugby Football Union would not sanction the competition as it meant giving up control of rugby football to the senior clubs. Halifax were founding members of the breakaway Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895 when leading rugby clubs in Yorkshire and Lancashire left
11484-477: The mills, sheds and machinery at such times; one of the most notorious attacks was on Cartwright – a Huddersfield mill-owner who had a reputation for cruelty – and his Rawfolds Mill. Kirkpatrick Sale describes how an army platoon was stationed at Huddersfield to deal with these; at its peak, having about a thousand soldiers and ten thousand civilians. Luddites thus began to focus criminal damage on nearby towns and villages (less well-protected); their most damaging act
11616-636: The mills. Two Prime Ministers spent part of their childhood in Huddersfield: Harold Wilson , born locally attended Royds Hall School , and H. H. Asquith . Wilson is commemorated by a statue on the ( forecourt ) to the town's station. In 1920, the Corporation bought the Ramsden Estate from that family that had owned much of the town at least as to the reversion of long leases (a minor, overarching interest) since 1599, for £1.3 million. The town became "the town that bought itself". Most of
11748-484: The name of perhaps the Shay's most noted owner, John Caygill. John Caygill financed the construction of the Shay mansion and two other landmarks in Halifax. The first of these was the building of houses on a piece of land known as the Square. Construction was finished around 1758. Designed by John Carr of York . In 1923 the Halifax Corporation purchased the land and the buildings were demolished in 1959. John Caygill provided
11880-409: The new East Stand opened taking the overall ground capacity to over 10,000, as well as providing six executive boxes overlooking the pitch, which can accommodate up to 12 people per box and also new facilities as listed below. The stand used to be half-seating half-standing but became all-seater in 1998. It is the oldest part of the ground and is not the full length of the pitch. Like the North Stand it
12012-500: The new capacity was set at 1,777. Safety work was subsequently carried out and the capacity raised to 3,600. When Halifax Town were paired up with Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup in January 1988, in an effort to keep the tie at the Shay, more work was carried out and the capacity was raised further to 4,021. A little over four thousand people attended said Forest game. When the council took over
12144-566: The north limb of the Peak District National Park . As of 2021, the town of Huddersfield's population was enumerated at 141,692, and its ethnic makeup was 66% White , 20.4% Asian , 5.6% Black , 5.2% Mixed , 2% Other and 1% Arab . The town has many churches, mosques, temples and synagogues. These include Christian denominations: the Church of England , Baptists , Presbyterians and Congregationalists (sometimes as their main fusion
12276-467: The occasion and defeated a Darlington side 5–0 (avenging a 2–0 defeat by the same club the previous Saturday). And thus the Shaymen were born. Whilst the club never reached the upper tiers of the football pyramid, the Shay has been the scene of some historic matches, not least its very first Football League game on 3 September 1921. It is history now, of course, that Town defeated Darlington 5–0 in front of
12408-421: The original East Stand designs there were plans for hospitality and media facilities in the south-east corner of the stadium. This stand (which is adjoined to the East Stand and of the same height) has been in a partially constructed state since work halted on the East Stand in 2002. This corner was omitted from the 2008 redesign and subsequent completion of the East Stand. Although there are no finances in place nor
12540-453: The other side of the town centre. The town centre is home to several national high street retailers and chain stores. There are also a variety of small specialist and independent shops, many in the three-storey Victorian shopping arcade, Byram Arcade, on street, Westgate. However over the last decade many shops have closed down causing a general decline of the town centre. Most notability the closure of British Home Stores (BHS) in 2016 left
12672-483: The play-offs. After defeating Whitehaven in the first week, Halifax travelled to Featherstone with the winner to play Toulouse Olympique in the Million Pound Game . Halifax would lose the match 42-10 which ended their season. It was also the final game for the retiring Scott Grix . In the 2022 RFL Championship season, Halifax finished third and qualified for the play-offs. However, they would be eliminated in
12804-492: The playing pitch. It was a successful venture. In March 1921, Halifax Town were elected to the Football League , and along with clubs such as Accrington Stanley , Ashington , Durham City and Nelson , became founder members of the newly formed Division Three North . So the people of Halifax waited eagerly for League soccer. It arrived at the Shay on 3 September 1921 when Halifax Town, in front of 10,000 spectators, rose to
12936-557: The post of director of football in October 2006. Assistant coach Matt Calland was then named the new head coach of Halifax. In the 2009 Challenge Cup Halifax came within moments of reaching the quarter-finals, losing by one point in extra time to Castleford. They also lost the final of the Co-Operative Championship to Barrow 26-18. However, Barrow were later stripped of the title due to salary cap breaches. In April 2010, with
13068-425: The public library, with a grassed area, used for relaxation and events throughout the year such as entertainment, international markets and iceskating in winter. Through the adjacent Market Arcade is a covered market hall, which has listed building status, due in part to its distinctive roof formed by hyperbolic paraboloids . It is adjacent to the town hall and public library. An open market trades next to Tesco , on
13200-526: The railway in the first wave of national railway building, in the 1840s. Huddersfield was a centre of civil unrest during the Industrial Revolution in which Europe saw frequent wars during and after which, as to those most acutely affecting Britain, cloth trade slumped which could be compounded by local crops failure, many local weavers faced starvation and losing their livelihood due to the new, mechanised weaving sheds . Luddites began destroying
13332-426: The recommendation of Chief executive Nigel Wood chose Halifax Blue Sox . However, this proved to be unpopular with most supporters who continued to refer to them as 'Fax'. Halifax finished third in Super League in 1998 under John Pendlebury . Halifax sold Thrum Hall for £1.5 million to Asda for a supermarket development in 1998, and moved across town to their present home, the Shay stadium, which they share with
13464-594: The road, and this tunnel is still in evidence today, though many people are unaware of its existence. The only purpose for which it was intended for use after this was as one of many air raid shelters in Halifax during the Second World War . Between 1908 and 1910 it was proposed to build a slaughterhouse on the Shay. During the First World War the Shay was used by the local Territorial Army to practice trench digging. About 1920, rumours started to circulate that
13596-423: The same scale as the rooms below. The doors were of solid mahogany and it was evidently well fitted for its purposes. The addresses given to all the houses on the Shay Estate in the census returns. The Shay mansion's address is down as 'The Shay, Caygill's Walk' in two reports whilst addresses for the other houses are termed variably as the Shay, Shay Stable Yard, Shay Yard, Caygill's Walk and Shay Farm, though there
13728-470: The shifts of English, remaining 'Hud(d)er's field'. The modern name is pronounced without a word-initial /h/ in the local dialect, a trait independently shared by many Norman scribes' dialects of the Domesday Book era (see Old and modern French ). Huddersfield has been a market town since Anglo-Saxon times. The market cross is on Market Place. The manor of Huddersfield was owned by long lease by
13860-569: The stadium is an Odeon cinema (formerly UCI). There are many pubs, restaurants and night clubs, one of which, Tokyo , which closed in 2019, occupies the former Huddersfield County Court , a 19th-century Grade II listed building . The oldest pub is The Parish , trading since 1720. Huddersfield has a large and diverse retail shopping area, enclosed within the town's ring road, compared with other towns of its size. There are three shopping areas: Kingsgate , The Packhorse Precinct and The Piazza Centre . The Piazza offers an outdoor shopping mall near
13992-465: The synthpop musician Billy Currie (of Ultravox and Visage ), and the hard rock bassist John McCoy who played with Neo and Gillan . Huddersfield Art Gallery occupies the top floor of the library at Princess Alexandra Walk. It has an extensive collection featuring Francis Bacon , L.S. Lowry and Henry Moore , as well as significant regional artists. It has other halls for its temporary exhibitions for established and emerging artists. Ian Berry
14124-402: The time his scheme came under heavy criticism from local people. This dramatic period in the Shay's history continued when, two years later, on 29 August 1891, Skircoat Road was opened for traffic for the first time. In 1903, with the Shay mansion no longer being used for residential purposes, the Corporation saw fit to demolish it. From the time of the demolition of the mansion, what was left of
14256-467: The time of the third year of Henry VIII 's reign (this means either 1511 or 1512), the Subsidy Roll (effectively the equivalent of our present income tax) had recorded William Brodley junior as being assessed on goods to the value of £20, and by 1545 the property was still in his possession. This may seem a small sum today but it is worth noting that only five people locally were assessed at £20 (including
14388-440: The top division, and would have to stand against other new applicants. Roger Millward took the coaching job at Halifax, but was only there 17 months before resigning. Mal Reilly became the coach in 1992. In August 1993, in financial trouble again, Halifax put seven players on the transfer list for a total of £170,000. In 1996, the first tier of British rugby league clubs played the inaugural Super League season and changed from
14520-674: The town and surrounding area, examples being the Marsden Jazz Festival, Mrs Sunderland, Electric Spring, Janet Beaumont, the Holmfirth Festivals, and the Haydn Wood (Linthwaite). The Haydn Wood (for under 21s) and Mrs Sunderland festival focus on musical and oratorial performance. The Electric Spring festival is an exploration of electronic and experimental music, featuring the 50-channel, 64-loudspeaker Huddersfield Immersive Sound System (HISS). The Mrs Sunderland Music festival
14652-691: The town centre adjacent to the railway station. Each year there is a performance by a theatre company. The finale is a firework display. The 2007 show was performed by French company Plasticiens Volants, which used large inflatable sea creatures in a parade through the streets as they told the story of 'Pearl'. The 2005 and 2008 performances were by the Valencian artists Xarxa Teatre. The 2010 festival featured Belgian company Company Tol and their suspension act – Corazon de Angeles (Angels' Heart) and ended on 5 December with fireworks in St George's Square. Huddersfield has
14784-405: The town's football club Halifax Town . The proceeds from the sale were supposed to enable Halifax RLFC to make a contribution to the costs of a redevelopment of the Shay stadium, but the money was swallowed up by debts. Under Chief Executive Nigel Wood, Halifax went to Jacksonville University , Florida , in 2000 to help develop American rugby league, along with Salford . Steve Linnane joined
14916-463: The town's rugby league club, Halifax . They moved to the Shay in 1998 after their historic home at Thrum Hall had, like the Shay, fallen into a state of disrepair. Redevelopment has come at a cost, the majority of which has been provided through grants. Before the Shay, the Halifax Dukes used a track at Thrum Hall , and on 8 February 1949 construction began on a new Motorcycle speedway track at
15048-465: The university being the largest employer. Historically the town produced woollen textiles. This area of business, along with the chemical and engineering industries that emerged to support the manufacture of textiles, was the basis of the town's nineteenth and early twentieth century prosperity. The number of people who work in textiles has declined greatly, but the surviving companies produce large quantities of woollen products with little labour. The town
15180-562: The war. Favourites Salford were beaten 20–3 in front of a record 55,453 spectators. During the Second World War, Halifax reached the Challenge cup finals in 1941 and 1942, but lost both times to Leeds in matches held at Odsal. In 1947, Halifax's Hudson Irving died from a heart attack while playing at Dewsbury. In 1949, Halifax's David Craven died after breaking his neck playing against Workington Town . The 1949 Challenge Cup final
15312-438: The wealthy Vicar Haldesworth who was once robbed of £1,000), so it is fair to say that William Brodley was a man of influence and money. Indeed, at this time, only one man was assessed at more than £20, and he was the wealthy merchant John Hardy who paid 44 shillings (£2.20) tax on goods assessed at £66. What this goes to prove is that the Shay Estate was one of the finest areas of 16th century Halifax. Just when William Brodley died
15444-591: The years, including internationals, tourists and overseas stars. The leading 36 of these are featured in a "Hall of Fame" in the Weavers Bar at the Shay Stadium. During 2011 as a result of pitch renovation work at the Kirklees Stadium in Huddersfield , Huddersfield RLFC played three home fixtures of Super League XVI at the Shay. 2013 Rugby League World Cup The Shay played host to a Group C game as part of
15576-419: Was a local firm, Marshall Construction of Elland . They wanted to build a superstore for Gateway Foodmarkets on the Shay. On 4 March 1987, councillor Geoffrey Butler put forward a plan to split the Shay – one half as a soccer ground with the other to be developed. The scheme seemed exciting but like the plans of Marshall's and others, it was rejected by the council. Marshall's offered to build Halifax Town
15708-596: Was abolished in 1974 and its former area was combined with that of other districts to form the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire. Council bids to gain support for city status were rejected by the people in a poll held by the Huddersfield Daily Examiner ; the council did not apply for that status in the 2000 or 2002 competitions. Huddersfield had a strong Liberal tradition up to
15840-579: Was born in Netherton, Huddersfield and was educated in the town and went to Greenhead College and is internationally renowned for his art using only denim jeans and was named as one of the top 30 artists under 30 in the world in 2013. In 1996 aged 11 he won the Huddersfield Daily Examiner 125th Birthday competition that saw his design printed on to mugs, tea towels and posters. Huddersfield Festival of Light takes place annually in December, usually in
15972-591: Was built on the side of a slope and backs onto the main road. The East Stand will house new shops for the local football and rugby teams, as well as new home and away changing rooms, a physio room and new food and beverage kiosks for fans. The brand new East Stand, conference facilities and car park at Halifax's Shay Stadium place the venue back at the heart of Calderdale's sporting and community life. There are 11 function rooms, ranging in size to accommodate every type of event, from one-to-one interviews to larger conferences, weddings and meetings for up to 350 guests. There
16104-507: Was demolished in 2000, construction on the new East Stand started but stopped when Halifax Town were relegated in 2002.The stand remained in this state until late 2008 when Calderdale Council agreed to put money into completing the stand. The stand was redesigned by Sheffield -based architects Ward McHugh Associates prior to the commencement of works. Main structural work on the stand was completed in December 2009, it then needed to go through safety checks and to be furnished inside. 28 March 2010;
16236-425: Was formed in 1889, Huddersfield became a county borough , exempt from its control. A more confined Huddersfield seat than the early 20th century scope has been represented by Labour since its creation in 1983 and is, by size of majority and length of tenure, a strongly-Labour leaning seat . Kirklees was the first part of the country to have a Green or other environmentalist party councillor – Nicholas Harvey – he
16368-596: Was founded as Halifax in 1873 when a group of young men from the Halifax Rifle Volunteers put an advert in the local press to invite anyone interested in "football" to a meeting at the Upper George Hotel. A year later, Halifax played their first inter-club rugby football game when they played Leeds Athletic Club in a match held at Woodhouse Moor in Leeds on the 21st of November 1874. This first game resulted in
16500-619: Was instrumental in protesting against the intended closure of the Settle and Carlisle Railway line. The council has councillors of Labour, Conservative Party and Liberal Democrat parties; these retained the deposit , reaching more than 5% of the vote in the last general election (for an MP who serves in the House of Commons). Huddersfield expanded in 1937, assimilating parts of the Golcar , Linthwaite , and South Crosland urban districts. The county borough
16632-456: Was less successful and after a poor series of results including a club record loss to Hull Kingston Rovers , Farrell lost his job. Martin Hall took over the role of head coach in June 2006. In August 2006, Halifax was on the verge of going bust. The club announced that it needed to raise £90,000 or it would go into liquidation. Rugby league fans nationwide rallied behind 'Fax', and through visits to
16764-487: Was officially opened by Major R.E. Austin, commanding officer of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment at Halifax. Speedway at the Shay was not popular and poor attendances saw the club struggling financially. On 10 November 1951 speedway promoter Bruce Booth brought midget car racing to the Shay to boost funds. 15,000 spectators attended this one-off venture; 3 times higher that the average speedway gate. On 31 March 1952, Booth announced
16896-464: Was on a franchise basis at that time. In 2011, Halifax reached the Northern Rail Cup Final at Bloomfield Road , Blackpool , losing narrowly to Leigh in the last minute. They were also unable to defend their Championship title, losing heavily to Sheffield Eagles in the play-offs. Karl Harrison took over as head coach at the end of the season. The following season, Halifax made it to
17028-412: Was reached after an 11–10 Challenge Cup semi-final victory over Wigan at Odsal and Halifax beat St. Helens 23–8 in the Championship semi-final. However, St Helens ran out 13–2 winners in the Challenge Cup and a week later, Halifax lost in the Championship match against Hull at Maine Road , Manchester , a last minute penalty goal securing a 10–9 victory for Hull. In 1959, Halifax hosted Wigan before
17160-467: Was sold out for the first time as 95,050 spectators saw Bradford Northern beat Halifax. In the 1950s, Halifax were Championship runners-up three times, beat Hull F.C. in Yorkshire Cup finals in 1954 and 1955, and were Yorkshire League winners in 1950, 1953, 1954 and 1956. Halifax were unbeaten at their home ground of Thrum Hall between December 1952 and November 1956. They played in a Wembley final of
17292-657: Was the largest exclusive producer of AC motors in the world, and had a turnover of £4,500,000. That same year Brook Motors Ltd operated 10 factories in Huddersfield, its biggest being Empress Works on St Thomas's Road, and opened one at Barugh Green, Barnsley. Other local manufacturers are Cummins Turbo Technologies , founded in 1952 as Holset by Messrs. Holmes and Croset. (turbochargers), David Brown Gear systems (industrial gearing), Huddersfield Fine Worsteds (textiles), Taylor & Lodge (textiles), C & J Antich (textiles), Syngenta AG ( agro-chemicals ), Pennine Radio Limited ( electronics transformers and sheet metalworking ) and
17424-446: Was to destroy Foster's Mill at Horbury – a village about 10 miles (16 kilometres) east. The government campaign that crushed the movement was provoked by a murder that took place in Huddersfield. William Horsfall, a mill-owner and a passionate prosecutor of Luddites, was killed in 1812. Although the movement faded out, Parliament began to increase welfare provision for those out of work, and introduce regulations to improve conditions in
#367632