Misplaced Pages

#619380

36-649: Sepanggar is a sub- district of Kota Kinabalu , Sabah , Malaysia . It is located around Sepanggar Bay which houses the Sepanggar Bay Container Terminal, a major naval base for the Royal Malaysian Navy as well as the Sepanggar Bay Oil Terminal. The main campus for Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Universiti Teknologi MARA Sabah Branch, Kota Kinabalu Polytechnic and Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP) are situated here. Sepanggar

72-467: A mukim is however of less importance with respect to the administration of land; for land administrative purposes, major cities (e.g. Petaling Jaya ) are given an equal status with mukim. The state of Perlis is not divided into districts due to its size, but straight to the mukim level. The Federal Territories and Labuan are also not divided into districts; however Kuala Lumpur is divided into several mukim for land administration purposes. Putrajaya

108-452: A type of administrative division below the state level in Malaysia . An administrative district is administered by a lands and district office ( pejabat daerah dan tanah ) which is headed by district officer ( pegawai daerah ). In Peninsular Malaysia , a district is a subdivision of a state . A mukim ( commune , sub-district or parish ) is a subdivision of a district. In recent years,

144-529: Is 150,000 with an annual income of not less than RM 20 million. These are the latest criteria approved during the State Council Meeting for Local Government in June 2008. The previous criteria are a minimum of 300,000 residents and minimum annual income of RM 20 million for City and a minimum of 100,000 residents and minimum annual income of RM 5 million for Municipality. Typically, state capitals are granted

180-406: Is also a parliamentary constituency (P.171) with three state legislative assembly constituencies therein, i.e. Karambunai (N.16), Darau (N.17) and Inanam (N.18). Sepanggar is currently experiencing a surge in development due to the expansion of Kota Kinabalu. The recently completed Sepanggar Container Port Terminal has taken over all container handling operations from Kota Kinabalu Port. This port

216-533: Is also having a submarine base here, which is to become the Navy's first and principal base throughout Malaysia. On 18 November 2017, the 600-metre-long double-track Sepanggar Tunnel has opened, and the tunnel has two lanes connecting Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP) with Sepanggar Container Port and several surrounding areas. Districts of Malaysia Districts ( Malay : Daerah ; Jajahan in Kelantan ) are

252-483: Is an exclusive "power of the states or territories" and therefore the precise nature of councils referred to as local government can differ between each state or territory. Despite this, they occupy a similar role in each state. The remaining territories are not divided into territory and local government. State-based departments oversee local council and often intervene in their affairs. The government system in Malaysia

288-653: Is divided into precincts . In East Malaysia , a district is a subdivision of a division ( bahagian ) of a state. For example, Tuaran is a district within the West Coast Division of Sabah . A district is usually named after the main town or its administrative capital ; for example, the town of Sandakan is the capital of the Sandakan District, as well as the capital of Sandakan Division . Some larger districts are further divided into autonomous sub-districts ( daerah kecil ; literally "small district") before

324-532: Is responsible for overseeing the running of local councils in the state. The enforcement of Local Government Act 1976 established in essence only two types of local councils - one for municipality and one for rural area. However, a city status can be conferred to a municipal council by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong with the consent of the Conference of Rulers once it reached the necessary criteria. Apart from that mentioned by

360-521: Is to be consulted in the matters of law governing local authorities, this 1960 constitutional amendment also provided the chair a casting vote thus gave the federal government a big clout on local government. Constitutional provision aside, there are many laws passed by the parliament to control the operation of local government in Malaysia. The most over-reaching piece of law is the Local Government Act 1976 (Act 171). This act of parliament outlines

396-465: Is within the administration of the respective state governments. However the Ministry of Housing and Local Government , which is a federal ministry, is given the task to co-ordinate the local governments in respect of legal and policy standardisation as well as co-ordinating the channelling of funds from the federal government. The constitution of 1957 gave the exclusive power to govern local governments to

SECTION 10

#1732854642620

432-525: The Alliance , the ruling party of the country. The commission organised many meetings and discussions as well as received many memoranda from various organisations and managed to finish a complete investigation four years later. The commission sent its report to the federal cabinet in December 1969 but its report was only released to the public two years later. Although not all of its recommendation were followed by

468-415: The 1973 restructuring exercise, there were 6 types of local governments. The designations and naming vary by state. The total number of local councils in Malaysia then was 418. The types were: Among the basic criteria for granting City status on a local government is that it has a minimum population of 500,000 and an annual income of not less than RM 100 million. For a municipal status, the minimum population

504-482: The Act 171, there are many other agencies established and charged with the role of a local council. These so-called modified local authorities were established under newly created, separate and special Act of Parliament or state enactments or ordinances. There are currently four types of local governments in Malaysia. Currently there are a total of 155 local authorities in Malaysia and their breakdown are as follows: Prior to

540-428: The area under its jurisdiction. Local governments are usually referred to as local authority ( Malay : pihak berkuasa tempatan , abbreviated PBT ), headed by a civil servant with the title President ( Yang Di-Pertua ) for rural districts and municipalities, and Mayor ( Datuk Bandar ) for cities, though there are a few exceptions in the form of "special and modified local authorities". Councillors are appointed by

576-685: The basis of boundaries for the parliamentary constituencies in the Malaysian Parliament . However this is not always the case; in heavily populated areas e.g. the Klang Valley and Kinta Valley there is serious overlap between district, local government and parliamentary boundaries. In the 11 states of the Peninsular Malaysia including the Federal Territories , there are townships (precinct for Putrajaya) that been administered by

612-561: The cabinet, some of its finding became the basis for the restructuring exercise in the next two years. Ong Kee Hui , the Minister for Housing and Local Government at that time through a cabinet committee started the restructuring process by introducing the Local Government Act (Temporary Provision) Act 1973. This Act empowered the federal government to review all existing laws relating to local governments, including state enactments and ordinances. Eventually, three main laws were passed which changed

648-535: The consultative meetings of the committee as observer without any voting rights. In Sabah, the local authorities were established through provisions under the Local Government Ordinance 1961. This ordinance also outlines the responsibility and function of local councils in Sabah. A state ministry, the Ministry of Local Government and Housing , created for the first time after the state election in 1963, governs

684-620: The district office and also the state government . For a list, see Category:Mukims of Malaysia . However, two states and one federal territory in Malaysia is not divided into any townships. Local government in Malaysia Local government has the power to collect taxes (in the form of assessment tax ), to create laws and rules (in the form of by-laws ) and to grant licenses and permits for any trade in its area of jurisdiction, in addition to providing basic amenities, collecting and managing waste and garbage as well as planning and developing

720-705: The early 1970s, the proliferation of local councils reached staggering numbers—374 in Peninsula Malaysia alone. Hence, the federal government saw the need to reform local governments in Malaysia to improve its working and standing. A Royal Commission of Inquiry to investigate the working of local governments in West Malaysia was established in June 1965 for this purpose. The commission was headed by Senator Athi Nahappan while its members were D. S. Ramanathan , Awang Hassan , Chan Keong Hon , Tan Peng Khoon and Haji Ismail Panjang Aris —all were prominent politicians of

756-646: The form, organisational structure, functions and responsibilities of a local council. At the same time, the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172) was promulgated to overcome the weaknesses in the planning of land use in local area. This Act 172 puts the primary physical planning responsibility at local level to the local government. Additionally, the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 (Act 133) explains several other role of local council regarding drainage, maintenance of municipal roads as well as public buildings. In addition to

SECTION 20

#1732854642620

792-646: The important laws was the Local Government Election Ordinance 1950 that entrusted local councils to organise elections for the office of councillors—people that govern local areas. Another law was the Local Government Ordinance 1952 which empowered local residents to establish local councils in their area wherever necessary. Prior to Malaya's independence from the British in 1957, there was a total of 289 units of local council in Malaya. The constitution of

828-633: The local authorities in Kuching area were established under the provision of Kuching Municipal Ordinance 1988 and City of Kuching North Ordinance 1988. Under these ordinances, there are currently three local authorities in Kuching area, namely Kuching North City Hall, Kuching South City Council and Padawan Municipal Council. The latter two however were later governed under the Local Authority Ordinance 1996. The state Ministry of Environment and Public Health

864-557: The mukim level. This is prevalent in Sarawak and Sabah , but also seen in Peninsular Malaysia in recent years, e.g. Lojing autonomous sub-district in Kelantan . Sub-districts in Sabah , however, are not divided into mukim. An administrative district can be distinguished from a local government area where the former deals with land administration and revenue while the latter deals with

900-482: The new country after independence from Britain gave the power to control local governments to the states. The 1960s was a challenging time for local authorities in Malaya. They faced many problems regarding internal politics and administration. In addition, the Indonesian confrontation against the formation of Malaysia in 1963 has forced the federal government to suspend local council elections in 1965. The suspension

936-488: The operation of local authorities in the state. In Sarawak, local authorities were established under the Local Authority Ordinance 1996. This ordinance is the successor of pre-independence law, the Local Government Ordinance 1948. Other laws regulating the running of local authorities in Sarawak include Building Ordinance 1994, Protection of Public Health Ordinance 1999 as well as by-laws formulated under this main laws. Meanwhile,

972-833: The planning and delivery of basic infrastructure to its inhabitants. Administrative district boundaries are usually congruent with local government area boundaries, but may sometimes differ especially in urbanised areas. For example, the Petaling District in Selangor is administered by three local authorities: Petaling Jaya City Council , Shah Alam City Council and Subang Jaya City Council ; conversely one local authority can administer more than one district, for example Northeast Penang Island District and Southwest Penang Island District in Penang are both administered by Penang Island City Council . Administrative district boundaries also provide

1008-491: The state except those in the federal territories. However, a constitutional amendment was made in 1960 that provides for the establishment of a consultative committee called the National Council for Local Government . Membership of this council consist of a federal cabinet minister as the chair, a representative from each state governments as well as no more than 10 representatives of the federal government. Although its role

1044-484: The state government. The local government roles have had rapidly changed as well. In the early 1960s, a local government was considered as another channel in exercising one's democratic right - apart from electing representatives to the parliamentary and state assemblies . However, it has now taken up the role of speeding up and encouraging development projects for better economic environment. The Constitution of Malaysia provides that matters relating to local government

1080-498: The state governments. Local government areas are distinct from the districts , which are mainly for land administration purposes. In rural areas, the jurisdiction area of local governments largely correspond to the district boundaries. However, in urbanised areas, local government areas may not be consistent with the district boundaries and may overlap with adjoining districts, as municipal or city boundaries usually do not conform to district boundaries. Local government in Malaysia

1116-477: The system of local government in Malaysia. They were Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 (Act 133), Local Government Act 1976 (Act 171) and Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172). Some important changes were enforced under the Act 171 alone. One of them was, the restriction of the number of local governments in the peninsula. More importantly the abolishment of local government elections. Under this act, local councillors were no longer elected but appointed by

Sepanggar - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-673: The three main laws, several other laws and regulations including by-laws were created and enforced to help the running of local government. Article 95D of the Malaysian Constitution however bars the Parliament to create laws pertaining land and local government for the states of Sabah and Sarawak . Furthermore, article 95E excludes the states from following laws formulated by the National Council for Local Government. However, both state governments still send their representative to

1188-411: Was a legacy of British colonisation , with many of its laws derived from and modelled on English laws . However, with the passing of times, many local unique social and cultural characteristics have influenced the working of the local governments in Malaysia. The British in 1801 established a Council of Assessors in Penang , charged with the role of planning and developing the municipality area, and

1224-404: Was built to complement and help ease the congestion currently experienced at Kota Kinabalu Port. Besides this, various completed and uncompleted projects for residential and commercial purposes have sprouted around Sepanggar; in line with the government's plan to turn Sepanggar into another urban centre or suburb , part of the greater metropolitan area of Kota Kinabalu. The Royal Malaysian Navy

1260-520: Was made by means of emergency law namely the Emergency (Suspension of Local Government Elections) Regulations 1965 and its amendment on the same year. Since then, local governments in Malaysia have not been elected. Problems faced during the early 1960s were further aggravated by a plethora of local government entities in the country at that time. To make matters worse, there were many laws governing local authorities since every state had their own laws. Until

1296-585: Was the basis of local government in the then Malaya (present-day Peninsula Malaysia ). After Penang, local councils were established beginning with Malacca , followed by the Federated and the Unfederated Malay States , finally extending to the Kingdom of Sarawak and North Borneo . Laws were promulgated to govern the establishment of local authorities and the organisation of local council elections. One of

#619380