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43-499: Sending is generally an act of volition , requiring the intent and purpose of the sender to cause a thing to be sent. English language authority James C. Fernald , in his 1896 English Synonyms and Antonyms, with Notes on the Correct Use of Prepositions , provided a lengthy examination of concepts falling within the rubric of sending: To send is to cause to go or pass from one place to another, and always in fact or thought away from

86-470: A factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example of this is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China . Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010, suggested that international trade was increased when a country hosted

129-547: A key player in metals. There were already concerns that the UAE was a main recipient of majority of the smuggled gold from DRC. Lists Data on the value of exports and imports and their quantities often broken down by detailed lists of products are available in statistical collections on international trade published by the statistical services of intergovernmental and supranational organisations and national statistical institutes. The definitions and methodological concepts applied for

172-420: A message" or "sending a message" is also used with respect to actions taken by a party to convey that party's attitude towards a certain thing. For example, a government that executes people who commit acts of treason can be said to be "sending a message" that treason will not be tolerated. Conversely, a party that appears through its actions to endorse something that it actually opposes can be said to be "sending

215-411: A network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country. The history of international trade chronicles notable events that have affected trading among various economies. There are several models that seek to explain the factors behind international trade, the welfare consequences of trade and the pattern of trade. The following table

258-578: A person might be sent away to protect them from danger, without a specific destination being determined in advance. The sending of military personnel to positions from which they can prepare for or engage in combat is called deployment . The word "deploy" can be used in multiple senses within this framework, so that "it could mean, on the one hand, the sending of troops forward from their peacetime bases. The Navy, for example, calls extended cruises 'deployments' even when no combat operations are anticipated. In another sense, it might be countered that 'deploying

301-406: A process of conscious action control which becomes automatized (e.g. see Heckhausen and Kuhl; Gollwitzer; Boekaerts and Corno). Many researchers treat volition and willpower as scientific and colloquial terms (respectively) for the same process. When a person makes up their mind to do a thing, that state is termed 'immanent volition'. When we put forth any particular act of choice , that act

344-879: A specific production, thereby increasing the advantages of specific trade over specific local production. Forms of local products that are highly localized may not be able to meet the efficiency of more large-scale, highly consolidated production in terms of efficiency, including environmental impact. A systematic, and possibly first large-scale, cross-sectoral analysis of water , energy and land in security in 189 countries that links total and sectorial consumption to sources showed that countries and sectors are highly exposed to over-exploited, insecure, and degraded such resources with economic globalization having decreased security of global supply chains . The 2020 study finds that most countries exhibit greater exposure to resource risks via international trade – mainly from remote production sources – and that diversifying trading partners

387-749: Is a list of the 25 largest trading states according to the World Trade Organization in 2021 and 2022. Source: International Trade Centre In the US, the various U.S. Presidents have held observances to promote big and small companies to be more involved with the export and import of goods and services. President George W. Bush observed World Trade Week on May 18, 2001, and May 17, 2002. On May 13, 2016, President Barack Obama proclaimed May 15 through May 21, 2016, World Trade Week, 2016. On May 19, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed May 21 through May 27, 2017, World Trade Week, 2017. World Trade Week

430-399: Is called an emanant, executive, or imperative volition. When an immanent or settled state of choice controls or governs a series of actions, that state is termed predominant volition. Subordinate volitions are particular acts of choice which carry into effect the object sought for by the governing or predominant volition . According to Gary Kielhofner 's "Model of Human Occupation", volition

473-486: Is motivation, and when it crosses over, it becomes volition. In the book A Bias for Action , Heinrich Bruch and Sumantra Ghoshal also differentiate volition (willpower) from motivation. Using this model, they propose assessing individuals' differing levels of commitment with regard to tasks by measuring it on a scale of intent from motivation(an emotion) to volition (a decision). Discussions of impulse control (e.g., Kuhl and Heckhausen) and education (e.g., Corno), also make

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516-482: Is one of the three sub-systems that act on human behavior. Within this model, volition refers to a person's values, interests and self-efficacy (personal causation) about personal performance. Kurt Lewin argues that motivation and volition are one and the same, in distinction to the nineteenth century psychologist Narziß Ach . Ach proposed that there is a certain threshold of desire that distinguishes motivation from volition: when desire lies below this threshold, it

559-654: Is resolved by claiming that the condemned souls have actually chosen to send themselves to that afterlife. Volition (psychology) Volition , also known as will or conation , is the cognitive process by which an individual decides on and commits to a particular course of action. It is defined as purposive striving and is one of the primary human psychological functions. Others include affect (feeling or emotion), motivation (goals and expectations), and cognition (thinking). Volitional processes can be applied consciously or they can be automatized as habits over time. Most modern conceptions of volition address it as

602-400: Is that factors of production such as capital and labor are often more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus, international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in capital, labour, or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing

645-421: Is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. This is due to the fact that cross-border trade typically incurs additional costs such as explicit tariffs as well as explicit or implicit non-tariff barriers such as time costs (due to border delays), language and cultural differences, product safety, the legal system, and so on. Another difference between domestic and international trade

688-463: Is the third week of May. Every year the President declares that week to be World Trade Week. The trade-offs between local food production and distant food production are controversial with limited studies comparing environmental impact and scientists cautioning that regionally specific environmental impacts should be considered. A 2020 study indicated that local food crop production alone cannot meet

731-552: Is to send away so as to relieve a person or thing of a load; we discharge a gun or discharge the contents; as applied to persons, discharge is a harsher term than dismiss . To emit is to send forth from within, with no reference to a destination; as, the sun emits light and heat. Transmit , from the Latin, is a dignified term, often less vigorous than the Saxon send , but preferable at times in literary or scientific use; as, to transmit

774-479: Is unlikely to help countries and sectors to reduce these or to improve their resource self-sufficiency . A number of people in Africa , including children, were using informal or " artisanal " methods to produce gold . While millions were making a livelihood through the small-scale mining, governments of Ghana , Tanzania and Zambia complaint about the increase in illegal production and gold smuggling . Sometimes

817-411: Is viewed as the passive recipient of his own act; it is with an approach to personification that we speak of the bow sending the arrow, or the gun the shot. To despatch is to send hastily or very promptly, ordinarily with a destination in view; to dismiss is to send away from oneself without reference to a destination; as, to dismiss a clerk, an application, or an annoying subject. To discharge

860-402: The World Trade Organization . These organizations work towards the facilitation and growth of international trade. Statistical services of intergovernmental and supranational organizations and governmental statistical agencies publish official statistics on international trade. A product that is transferred or sold from a party in one country to a party in another country is an export from

903-516: The UAE. In July 2020, a report by Swissaid highlighted that the Dubai-based precious metal refining firms, including Kaloti Jewellery International Group and Trust One Financial Services (T1FS), received most of their gold from poor African states like Sudan . The gold mines in Sudan were seldom under the militias involved in war crimes and human rights abuses . The Swissaid report also highlighted that

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946-406: The agent or agency that controls the act. Send in its most common use involves personal agency without personal presence; according to the adage, "If you want your business done, go; if not, send "; one sends a letter or a bullet, a messenger or a message. In all the derived uses this same idea controls; if one sends a ball into his own heart, the action is away from the directing hand, and he

989-674: The chief global strategist of International Resources Holding (IRH), Sibtein Alibhai, from the UAE approached a number of gold traffickers in Democratic Republic of Congo. The firm is a unit of IHC, which is controlled by Sheikh Tahnoun bin Zayed. In 2023, IRH acquired Zambia’s Mopani copper-cobalt complex in exchange of a commitment to put in over $ 1 billion into the mine. It was also aggressively looking for mining deals, particularly in Africa, to turn into

1032-414: The communication, such as carving or painting on a surface, or sculpting a three-dimensional representation, and placing it where persons arriving at that location will receive the communication. Some scientists have proposed the possibility of using quantum effects to convey messages without "sending" information at all, though this proposition depends on a semantic distinction between different meanings of

1075-498: The crown, or the feud, from generation to generation; to transmit a charge of electricity. Transmit fixes the attention more on the intervening agency, as send does upon the points of departure and destination. A message may be sent by both physical means of conveyance such as mail , or electronic means such as email and texting . The practice of communication by written documents carried by an intermediary from one person or place to another almost certainly dates back nearly to

1118-2081: The demand for most food crops with "current production and consumption patterns" and the locations of food production at the time of the study for 72–89% of the global population and 100–km radiuses as of early 2020. Studies found that food miles are a relatively minor factor of carbon emissions, albeit increased food localization may also enable additional, more significant, environmental benefits such as recycling of energy, water, and nutrients. For specific foods regional differences in harvest seasons may make it more environmentally friendly to import from distant regions than more local production and storage or local production in greenhouses. Qualitative differences between substitutive products of different production regions may exist due to different legal requirements and quality standards or different levels of controllability by local production- and governance -systems which may have aspects of security beyond resource security, environmental protection , product quality and product design and health . The process of transforming supply as well as labor rights may differ as well. Local production has been reported to increase local employment in many cases. A 2018 study claimed that international trade can increase local employment. A 2016 study found that local employment and total labor income in both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing were negatively affected by rising exposure to imports. Local production in high-income countries, rather than distant regions may require higher wages for workers. Higher wages incentivize automation which could allow for automated workers' time to be reallocated by society and its economic mechanisms or be converted into leisure-like time. Local production may require knowledge transfer , technology transfer and may not be able to compete in efficiency initially with specialized , established industries and businesses, or in consumer demand without policy measures such as eco-tariffs . Regional differences may cause specific regions to be more suitable for

1161-838: The illicit gold coming into Dubai from Africa is imported in large quantities by the world's largest refinery in Switzerland , Valcambi . Another report in March 2022 revealed the contradiction between the lucrative gold trade of West African countries and the illicit dealings. Like Sudan , Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ghana and other states, differences were recorded in the gold production in Mali and its trade with Dubai, UAE. The third largest gold exporter in Africa, Mali imposed taxes only on first 50kg gold exports per month, which allowed several small-scale miners to enjoy tax exemptions and smuggle gold worth millions. In 2014, Mali's gold production

1204-412: The international trade systems . International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. However, in practical terms, carrying out trade at an international level is typically a more complex process than domestic trade. The main difference

1247-457: The invention of writing . However, the development of formal postal systems occurred much later. The first documented use of an organized courier service for the dissemination of written documents is in Egypt , where Pharaohs used couriers to send out decrees throughout the territory of the state (2400 BCE). The earliest surviving piece of mail is also Egyptian, dating to 255 BCE. The phrase "send

1290-429: The manufacturer to a last mile hub. The last mile problem can also include the challenge of making deliveries in urban areas. Deliveries to retail stores, restaurants, and other merchants in a central business district often contribute to congestion and safety problems. A person or group of people can be sent to places for various reasons, and the fact of one person sending another person somewhere often indicates that

1333-629: The motivation-volition distinction. Corno's model ties volition to the processes of self-regulated learning. International trade International trade is the exchange of capital , goods , and services across international borders or territories because there is a need or want of goods or services. (see: World economy ) In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has existed throughout history (for example Uttarapatha , Silk Road , Amber Road , salt roads ), its economic, social, and political importance has been on

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1376-719: The originating country, and an import to the country receiving that product. Imports and exports are accounted for in a country's current account in the balance of payments . Trading globally may give consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to new markets and products. Almost every kind of product can be found in the international market , for example: food, clothes, spare parts, oil, jewellery, wine, stocks, currencies, and water. Services are also traded, such as in tourism , banking , consulting , and transportation . Advanced technology (including transportation ), globalization , industrialization , outsourcing and multinational corporations have major impacts on

1419-491: The person sent was not sent of their own volition. For example, persons who engage in disfavored conduct may be sent to prison or detention , expelled from a school, banished from a place, or sent to a remote or inhospitable place. An unruly or unwanted child may be sent to a boarding school , or to live with a different family. Conversely, people may volunteer or even campaign to be sent places in order to explore, or achieve some personal benefit or public good. In some cases

1462-461: The procedure involved criminal operations and even human and environmental cost. Investigative reports based on Africa's export data revealed that gold in large quantities is smuggled out of the country through the United Arab Emirates , without any taxes being paid to the producing states. Analysis also reflected discrepancies in the amount exported from Africa and the total gold imported into

1505-402: The pursuit of a relationship, for a variety of reasons including obliviousness to the likely interpretation of communications, internal uncertainty about pursuit of a relationship, or deliberate efforts to "appear cool and coy". Communications are not necessarily things that are sent at all. An alternative to sending a communication somewhere is to create a sufficiently durable means of conveying

1548-466: The rise in recent centuries. Carrying out trade at an international level is a complex process when compared to domestic trade . When trade takes place between two or more states , factors like currency, government policies, economy, judicial system , laws, and markets influence trade. To ease and justify the process of trade between countries of different economic standing in the modern era, some international economic organizations were formed, such as

1591-400: The sending of cargo. Items as well as messages may be sent through the services of a courier or a post office . The sending of objects as gifts may involve multiple models of sending. For example, if a person orders a gift for another through a third-party website, from a social perspective the person making the order is sending the gift, while from the physical and economic perspective, it is

1634-495: The third-party website, or a vendor doing business with it, that is sending the item to the recipient. Sending of small objects is done through package delivery or parcel delivery. The service is provided by most postal systems , express mail , private courier companies, and less than truckload shipping carriers. With respect to sending large items such as pieces of furniture , specialized less-than-truckload shipping carriers handle shipping furniture and other heavy goods from

1677-435: The troops' means sending them onto the field of battle from their forward staging bases". Many religions incorporate beliefs in a supreme being "sending" things in a variety of ways, including sending messengers or prophets, and sending people (or components of people, such as souls) to specific afterlives. In some religions this raises the question of why a benevolent god would send souls to afterlives of eternal torment, which

1720-437: The word, "sending". Physical items or objects can similarly sent from one place to another for a wide variety of reasons, for the benefit of the sender, the recipient, or others. Things may be sent by a merchant in response to a remote purchase, or as a gift. International trade is primarily focused on the sending of goods from one place to another. Packaging , containerization and the like have developed to help facilitate

1763-461: The wrong message", while one which appears to simultaneously endorse contradictory things can be said to be "sending mixed messages". The sending of mixed messages is a common source of miscommunication, particularly where the words of a message convey one thing, but accompanying nonverbal cues convey another. Mixed messages are also common in dating , where one member of a potential romantic couple may appear at different times receptive or dismissive of

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1806-540: Was exported from Africa, and the UAE accounted for 93% of the undeclared exports. Following the Emirates, next two prime importers were Switzerland and India. Majority of the artisanal gold extracted in the 18 African countries ends up in the Emirates. As per Swiss regulations, gold’s place of origin is usually where it is last refined, because of which smuggled gold linked to conflicts and human rights violations legally enters Switzerland. A United Nations report revealed that

1849-404: Was of 45.8 tonnes, while the UAE's gold import were at 59.9 tonnes. In May 2024, a report released by Swissaid revealed that the prime recipient of tens of billions of dollars of smuggled African gold each year had been the UAE. Between the 2012 and 2022, 2596 tonnes of gold undeclared was exported out of Africa to the UAE. In 2022 alone, 435 tonnes (worth about $ 31 billion) of gold not declared

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