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26-587: The Selwyn River ( Māori : Waikirikiri , officially gazetted as Selwyn River / Waikirikiri ) flows through the Selwyn District of Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand. The river has its source in the Southern Alps and flows east for 80 kilometres (50 mi) before emptying into Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora , south of Banks Peninsula . Terrace cliffs above the river's upper reaches gave

52-611: A government gazette . For some governments, publishing information in a gazette was or is a legal necessity by which official documents come into force and enter the public domain . Such is the case for documents published in Royal Thai Government Gazette (est. 1858), and in The Gazette of India (est. 1950). The government of the United Kingdom requires government gazettes of its member countries. Publication of

78-459: A gazette"; especially where gazette refers to a public journal or a newspaper of record. For example, " Lake Nakuru was gazetted as a bird sanctuary in 1960 and upgraded to National Park status in 1968." British Army personnel decorations, promotions, and officer commissions are gazetted in the London Gazette , the "Official Newspaper of Record for the United Kingdom". Gazettal (a noun)

104-577: Is also possible to cross at Coes Ford when the river is not in flood. Chamberlains Ford is no longer a ford. The nearby Irwell bridge provides access to the other side of the river. Disappearing river flows have significant ecological effects: when the river’s surface water disappears, so does the habitat for many aquatic plants and animals. In response to loss of surface water, aquatic invertebrates and fish must disperse, seek refuge in remnant aquatic habitats, or die. Aquatic plants, algae, and bacteria must form resting stages or die. The dry central reaches of

130-607: Is the act of gazetting; for example, "the gazettal of the bird sanctuary". This newspaper-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Canterbury Association The Canterbury Association was formed in 1848 in England by members of parliament , peers , and Anglican church leaders, to establish a colony in New Zealand . The settlement was to be called Canterbury , with its capital to be known as Christchurch . Organised emigration started in 1850 and

156-795: The Edinburgh Gazette , the official government newspaper in Scotland, began in 1699. The Dublin Gazette of Ireland followed in 1705, but ceased when the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom in 1922; the Iris Oifigiúil (Irish: Official Gazette ) replaced it. The Belfast Gazette of Northern Ireland published its first issue in 1921. Chiefly in British English, the transitive verb to gazette means "to announce or publish in

182-731: The peerage and Members of Parliament . At its first meeting the Association decided upon names. The settlement was to be called "Canterbury" (presumably after the Archbishop of Canterbury), and the seat of the settlement was " Christchurch " (after the Oxford college Christ Church , at which Godley had studied). The Association re-targeted its planned settlement from the Wairarapa to the Banks Peninsula hinterland, where it arranged to buy land from

208-577: The 17th century; today, numerous weekly and daily newspapers bear the name The Gazette . Gazette is a loanword from the French language, which is, in turn, a 16th-century permutation of the Italian gazzetta , which is the name of a particular Venetian coin. Gazzetta became an epithet for newspaper during the early and middle 16th century, when the first Venetian newspapers cost one gazzetta. (Compare with other vernacularisms from publishing lingo, such as

234-601: The Association, which saved it from financial collapse. In 1852, the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , which amongst other things established provincial councils . The Constitution contained specific provisions for the Canterbury Association; the first being that the new General Assembly ( New Zealand Parliament ) could not amend the legislation establishing

260-508: The British penny dreadful and the American dime novel .) This loanword, with its various corruptions , persists in numerous modern languages ( Slavic languages , Turkic languages ). In England , with the 1700 founding of The Oxford Gazette (which became the London Gazette ), the word gazette came to indicate a public journal of the government; today, such a journal is sometimes called

286-621: The Canterbury Association, the second being that the Canterbury Association could hand its powers to a newly established provincial government (the Canterbury Province ). As a result, affairs of the Canterbury Association were wound up in 1855 and outstanding settlement lands were handed over to the Canterbury Province. Charlotte Jane and Randolph arrived in Lyttelton Harbour on 16 December 1850, Sir George Seymour

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312-497: The New Zealand Company for 10 shillings per acre (4,000 m ). The Association then sold the land to its colonists for £3 per acre, reserving the rest, the additional £2 10s, for use in "public objects such as emigration, roads, and Church and school endowments" (20 shillings = £1). The provision of funds for emigration allowed the Association to offer assisted passages to members of the working classes with desirable skills for

338-523: The Selwyn River also constitute a significant barrier for dispersal of invertebrates and for fish migrating between Lake Ellesmere and the headwaters. The Selwyn river was viewed historically as one of New Zealand’s best trout fisheries. In the 1960s a trout trap at Coes Ford was reported to count up to 14,000 returning spawning trout. In 2017, the numbers have declined to the stage that only dozens of trout could be counted when returning to spawn. The fish in

364-685: The Selwyn River. Coes Ford was once a well known swimming spot in Canterbury. The water at Coes Ford was reported to be in the worst 25% in New Zealand for total nitrate levels in 2020. The pollution at Coes Ford is thought to come from Silverstream creek, which used surrounded by many of the dairy farms in the area. Chamberlain's Ford which crosses the Selwyn RIver had an algal bloom health warning issued in December 2020. There were benthic cyanobacteria found in

390-482: The colony was established on the South Island . The First Four Ships brought out settlers steeped in the region's history. The Association was not a financial success for the founding members and the organisation was wound up in 1855. The Association, founded in London on 27 March 1848, was incorporated by Royal Charter on 13 November 1849. The prime movers were Edward Gibbon Wakefield and John Robert Godley . Wakefield

416-489: The confluence with the permanently flowing Hororata River . About 15 kilometres (9 mi) upstream from Lake Ellesmere shallow groundwater rises back to the surface, and the Selwyn becomes permanent again. There are six bridges that cross the Selwyn River. These are at: Whitecliffs (Whitecliffs Road), Glentunnel ( SH 77 ), Coalgate (Hororata Road), Hororata (Bealey Road), Selwyn ( SH 1 ) and Irwell (Leeston Road). It

442-831: The following day, and Cressy on 27 December, having set sail from England in September 1850. The British press dubbed the settlers on these first four ships "Canterbury Pilgrims." A further 24 shiploads of Canterbury Association settlers, making a total of approximately 3,500, arrived over the next two-and-a-half years. Sources vary about the exact number of emigrant ships that the Canterbury Association sent to New Zealand. Some ships stopped at intermediate ports, either for repairs or because they had passengers for those ports. Ports such as Nelson or Wellington were also Ports of Entry , so immigrants might be recorded as arriving at that port before trans-shipping to Lyttelton (known as Port Victoria ) and Canterbury. Shipping intelligence reported in

468-426: The local newspapers of the time reported the ship's arrival but did not usually identify the commissioning organisation, only the port of origin or intended destination, the ship's master or captain, tonnage, and the date of arrival or departure. Cargo might also be reported. This means the ships on a particular list may depend on the inclusion criteria. Overall, these 28 ships listed below appear to be emigrant ships of

494-463: The new colony. A poster advertising the assisted passages specifically mentions "Gardeners, Shep[herd]s, Farm Servants, Labourers and Country Mechanics". The religious nature of the colony shows in the same poster's requirement that the clergyman of their parish should vouch for applicants, and in the specific earmarking of some of the proceeds from land sales for church endowments. Godley (with his family) went out to New Zealand in early 1850 to oversee

520-420: The plains, the riverbed is highly permeable, and the river overlays a deep and porous aquifer . As soon as the river reaches the plains, water begins leaking down through the bed and into the aquifer. In most months, all river-water disappears within 5 kilometres (3 mi) of leaving the foothills. The next 35 kilometres (22 mi) of the river remains dry for most of the year, apart from a small section around

546-608: The preparations for the settlement (surveying, roads, accommodation, etc.) already undertaken by a large team of men under the direction of Captain Joseph Thomas . These preparations were advanced, but incomplete when the first ships of settlers arrived on 16 December 1850 – Godley halted them shortly after his arrival in April due to the mounting debts of the Association. Lord Lyttelton , Sir John Simeon, 3rd Baronet , Edward Gibbon Wakefield , and Lord Richard Cavendish guaranteed £15,000 to

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572-438: The river have been described as low in number and the majority of the fish are quite small. The Canterbury Regional Council (ECan) has permitted intensive dairy farming around Selwyn and it has been suggested that this has led to a deterioration in the water quality of the Selwyn river. In May 2021, it was reported that Nitrate levels in the Selwyn River has increased by 50%. It is no longer recommended that people go swimming in

598-580: The river. Algal Blooms of benthic cyanobacteria have also been reported at in the Selwyn river at Whitecliffs Domain and Whitecliffs Road in March 2021. Greenpeace placed billboards in the Selwyn River to protest the degree of pollution in it in February 2020. The Selwyn River and its gorge were named in 1849 by the chief surveyor of the Canterbury Association , Joseph Thomas , for Bishop Selwyn . The name

624-427: The town of Whitecliffs its name. For much of its course the river flows through wide shingle channels. In drought years, the river can disappear beneath this bed and seem to dry up completely. This frequently occurs where State Highway 1 crosses the river at the settlement of Selwyn , about 20 kilometres (12 mi) upstream from its outflow into Lake Ellesmere . In the foothills, the Selwyn flows year-round. On

650-744: Was heavily involved in the New Zealand Company , which had already established four other colonies in New Zealand ( Wellington , Nelson , Petre and Otago ) by that time. Wakefield approached Godley to help him establish a colony sponsored by the Church of England . John Sumner (the Archbishop of Canterbury ) served as the President of the Association's Committee of Management, and the Committee itself included several other bishops and clergy, as well as members of

676-416: Was later adopted for the township , the district , and an electorate . The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "gravelly stream" for Waikirikiri . 43°45′S 172°26′E  /  43.750°S 172.433°E  / -43.750; 172.433 Gazetted In English and French speaking countries, newspaper publishers have applied the name Gazette since

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