135-503: John Selwyn Brooke Selwyn-Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd , CH , CBE , TD , PC , QC , DL (28 July 1904 – 17 May 1978) was a British politician who served as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1971 to 1976, having previously held various ministerial positions under Prime Ministers Winston Churchill , Anthony Eden , Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home between 1954 and 1964. A member of
270-567: A Conservative Party sympathiser. During the Second World War he rose to be Deputy Chief of Staff of Second Army , playing an important role in planning sea transport to the Normandy beachhead and reaching the acting rank of brigadier . Elected to Parliament in 1945 as a Conservative, he held ministerial office from 1951 , eventually rising to be Foreign Secretary under Prime Minister Anthony Eden from April 1955. His tenure coincided with
405-712: A Second in Classics. He then switched to study History, in which he also obtained a Second. During the General Strike of May 1926, Lloyd, who earlier that year had begun eating dinners at Gray's Inn with a view to qualifying as a barrister , volunteered as a Special Constable. He later became critical of the Conservative Government's clampdown on trade unions, e.g. the Trades Disputes Act of 1927 . The university authorities encouraged students who had worked for
540-653: A British client state since 1883, the pro-British King Farouk was overthrown in July 1952 . Lloyd helped to negotiate the treaty (12 February 1953) which gave Sudan (in theory jointly administered by Britain and Egypt) self-government for three years as a stepping-stone to a decision on full independence. Lloyd visited Cairo in March 1953, where he met the new Egyptian leader General Neguib , and his right-hand man Colonel Nasser . In February 1954 Lloyd met Neguib again in Khartoum. His visit to
675-637: A Conservative from the mid-1930s, but did not formally join the Conservative Party until he was selected as a Parliamentary candidate in 1945; he later wrote that he would have taken a more active role in Conservative politics had it not been for the war. Lloyd became a reserve officer in 1937. In January 1939 he helped to raise a second line unit of the Royal Horse Artillery in the North-West. He
810-463: A New Zealand soprano, was given the award in 2018 and Canadian author Margaret Atwood was given the award in 2019. Sebastian Coe , Baron Coe CH represented the Order at the 2023 Coronation . The insignia of the order is in the form of an oval medallion, surmounted by a royal crown (but, until recently, surmounted by an imperial crown ), and with a rectangular panel within, depicting on it an oak tree,
945-480: A Roman-era flood barrier bank which became today's Monk's Walk, a raised footpath leading from the south side of Pepys Building to the exit of the Fellows' Garden on Chesterton Lane. At the time of the college's establishment in 1428, the Fellows' Garden was a series of fishponds. The fishponds were filled between 1586 and 1609, but it was not until the 1660s that plans to cultivate a garden on the land were realised. Most of
1080-668: A brick wall, and the River Court, a small, brick-paved patch of land between Bright's Building and the River Cam, where seasonal flowers are on display in the flowerbeds. The area of the college across Magdalene Street from porter's lodge, bounded by Magdalene Street, Northampton Street , the River Cam and St John's College is known as the Magdalene Village. It includes Benson Court, Mallory Court and Buckingham Court, and consists almost exclusively of student accommodation. The area of
1215-483: A defunct brewery. Buckingham Court has two groups of buildings, which includes the "Tan Yard Cottages" incorporated to the college and refurbished in 1966, and a new building which contains the college's car park. The new Buckingham building, completed in 1970, marked the completion of the Magdalene Village. Most of the buildings bounded by the River Cam, Bridge Street and Thompson's Lane are owned by Magdalene College, despite being covered by shop-fronts and restaurants on
1350-570: A difficult meeting with the directors of the Suez Canal Company. On 14 August Eden and Lloyd met with the Labour leaders, who were opposed to the use of force without UN authorisation. On 14 August Lloyd broadcast about the crisis to the public, and his talk was published in The Listener . The first London Conference of nations with an interest in using the canal met from 16 to 23 August, and Lloyd
1485-758: A dissenting voice on the Beveridge Broadcasting Committee, and was sometimes known as "The Father of Commercial Television" after his minority report of 1949 helped inspire the setting-up of ITV in 1955. Lloyd believed that competition would help to raise standards, although in later life he came to be disappointed at how much of television time was given over to entertainment. When the Conservatives returned to power under Churchill in 1951, Lloyd served under Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from 1951 to 1954. Lloyd later claimed (his biographer D.R. Thorpe writes that
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#17328513774741620-615: A hundred Cabinet meetings, many of them whilst covering for Eden during his serious illness in 1953. Lloyd was promoted to Minister of Supply , responsible for supplying the Armed Forces, in October 1954. Lloyd entered the Cabinet as Minister of Defence on Eden's accession to the premiership in April 1955. Just after the 1955 election , along with Rab Butler , Lord Salisbury and Harold Macmillan, he
1755-460: A limited number of persons for whom this special distinction seemed to be the most appropriate form of recognition, constituting an honour dissociated from either the acceptance of title or the classification of merit. It is now described as being "awarded for having a major contribution to the arts, science, medicine, or government lasting over a long period of time". The first recipients of the order were all decorated for "services in connection with
1890-597: A plan (Operation "Musketeer Revise") was being drawn up to retake the Canal by force. "Musketeer Revise" was practicable only until the end of October, although in the event a slightly amended version was used for military operations in November. Afterwards Eden circulated a minute that he'd told the French that every effort must be made to stop Israel attacking Jordan, but that he had told Israel that Britain would not come to Egypt's aid in
2025-710: A preemptive strike by Israel against Jordan, Egypt and Syria. Butler's biographer Michael Jago thinks that Lloyd's behaviour was evidence that he was out of his depth. Lloyd reported to the Cabinet on the Security Council vote to keep the Canal insulated from the politics of any one country, despite Soviet veto of the second part of the resolution. There was to be another meeting in Geneva, with Egyptian participation. The Cabinet approved, but then moved on to Eden's disingenuous warnings that negotiations might be overtaken by hostilities between Israel and Egypt. Eden informed ministers that
2160-423: A result of Lloyd's work, the deployment to the bridgehead went almost entirely according to plan. The only unforeseen problem was an outbreak of malaria caused by an infestation of mosquitoes around a flooded ditch in I Corps sector, for which Lloyd had to arrange the transfer of malaria vaccines from Burma. In October 1944, although not yet a member of the Conservative Party, he accepted an invitation to apply for
2295-420: A scholar, to Magdalene College, Cambridge , where A. C. Benson was Master . There he was a friend of the future Archbishop Michael Ramsey . Lloyd acquired the nickname "Peter" at this time. Lloyd played rugby and was disappointed not to get a Blue . In October 1924, his sister Eileen sailed to India to marry and work as a doctor. She died there the following January, aged 25. Lloyd was an active Liberal as
2430-635: A shield with the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom hanging from one branch, and, on the left, a mounted knight in armour. The insignia's blue border bears in gold letters the motto IN ACTION FAITHFUL AND IN HONOUR CLEAR , Alexander Pope 's description (in iambic pentameter ) in his Epistle to Mr Addison of James Craggs the Younger , later used on Craggs's monument in Westminster Abbey . Men wear
2565-554: A third-class in Part II of the Law Tripos in June 1928. Lloyd was a Liberal Parliamentary candidate at Macclesfield in the 1929 general election , coming third. After this he concentrated on his legal career. He was called to the bar in 1930. As a barrister, he was an opponent of capital punishment and was not always deferential to the bench: when a judge suggested holding a special sitting on
2700-562: A threat to British interests in the Middle East, and of building new British alliances with Jordan and Iraq. Part of this policy was the withdrawal of American and British financial aid for the Aswan High Dam , which would trigger Nasser's nationalisation of the Canal. The Suez Crisis began in earnest on 26 July 1956 when Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal. Eden straightaway included Lloyd on
2835-648: A young man, and in March 1925 he entertained H. H. Asquith at Magdalene after a Liberal Party meeting at the Cambridge Guildhall . He became President of the Cambridge University Liberal Club . Lloyd was also an active debater in the Cambridge Union Society , where his sparring-partners included Rab Butler , Patrick Devlin , Hugh Foot , Alan King-Hamilton and Geoffrey Lloyd . Lloyd lost his scholarship in June 1925, after obtaining
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#17328513774742970-589: Is Bright's Building, named after Mynors Bright , notable for having deciphered the Pepys Diary. It was built in 1908–09 by Aston Webb to provide extra accommodation to host increasing numbers of undergraduate students. The largest room in Bright's Building is Ramsay Hall, named after Allen Beville Ramsay . The room was intended to be a lecture room, but it was refurbished in 1949 to become the college's canteen. The Fellows' Garden, situated behind Pepys Building, included
3105-557: Is a natural southerly slope, which can be seen from the stepped courtyard in between the buildings. The court was sponsored by, and named after, the Cripps family headed by Humphrey Cripps . It contains a 142-seat auditorium, 5 seminar rooms, an oak-roofed event gallery also called the orangery, and about 60 student rooms. Officially opened on 2 July 2022, the New Library is the first library building constructed by Magdalene for 330 years and
3240-565: Is situated in the western corner of the Fellows' Garden. Designed by Níall McLaughlin Architects , it won the RIBA Stirling Prize in 2022 for its architectural achievements, the first Oxbridge building to receive this accolade. It holds the College's books for undergraduate and postgraduate use, and it provides over 90 study spaces across three floors with views of the Fellows' Garden and
3375-639: The Conservative Party , Lloyd served as Foreign Secretary from 1955 to 1960 and as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1960 to 1962. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wirral from 1945 to 1976. Born and raised in Cheshire , Lloyd was an active Liberal as a young man in the 1920s. In the following decade, he practised as a barrister and served on Hoylake Urban District Council, by which time he had become
3510-470: The First World War . The modern development of Magdalene was shaped by A. C. Benson , master from 1915 to 1925. His enthusiasm and attention to detail produced outstanding pieces of poems, essays and literary criticism; his diaries were also studied by many later critics. His financial generosity effected significant impact on the modern appearance of the college grounds: at least 20 inscriptions around
3645-586: The Korean battlefield . They returned via Ottawa (where Alexander had recently been Governor-General ) and Washington, where they visited President Truman . While attending the United Nations and related international diplomatic gatherings, became closer to India's Krishna Menon , ultimately being accused by Dean Acheson of being a card-carrying member of the " Menon cabal '' alongside Canada's Lester Pearson and Australia's R.C. Casey. In Egypt, which had been
3780-589: The Pepys Diary , which provided a major eyewitness account for the Great Fire of London of 1666. Pepys was remembered by the Pepys Library , built around 1700, where the original manuscripts of his diaries and naval records are kept, in addition to his collection of printed books and engravings in their original bookcases. Pepys stipulated in his will that the library was to be left to Magdalene, and have been kept at
3915-614: The Prince Philip Scholarship and the Jardine Foundation has attracted many applicants from Southeast Asia , most notably Wong Yan Lung who went on to become Secretary for Justice for Hong Kong. In October 2022, the new library designed by Niall McLaughlin Architects won the Stirling Prize for excellence in architecture. The hereditary visitor of the college is Baron Braybrooke ex officio as heir of
4050-557: The Suez Crisis , for which he at first attempted to negotiate a peaceful settlement, before reluctantly assisting with Eden's wish to negotiate collusion with France and Israel as a prelude to military action. He continued as Foreign Secretary under the premiership of Harold Macmillan until July 1960, when he was moved to the job of Chancellor of the Exchequer . In this job he set up the NEDC , but became an increasingly unpopular figure because of
4185-517: The Tompkins Table and coming second in 2015. Magdalene is home to the Pepys Library , which holds the collection of rare books and manuscripts that belonged to the English diarist Samuel Pepys , an alumnus of the college. Magdalene College was first founded in 1428 as Monk's Hostel , which hosted Benedictine student monks. The secluded location of the hostel was chosen because it was separated from
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4320-628: The war " and were listed in The London Gazette . The order consists of the monarch of the Commonwealth realms, who is the Sovereign of the Order of the Companions of Honour, and a maximum of 65 members. Additionally, foreigners or Commonwealth citizens from outside the Commonwealth realms may be added as honorary members. Members are organised into a single class and are appointed by the monarch of
4455-492: The "Six Principles". Lloyd later wrote that agreement had been reached on the Six Principles, but not on how to implement them, although he conceded that Nasser had never accepted the principle that the Canal could not be under the control of any one country. Fawzi had been sympathetic to Lloyd's Six Principles, but with Soviet encouragement Egypt soon opposed the idea that the Canal not be controlled by any one country. Some of
4590-408: The 10,000 corpses lying unburied (another 17,000 died after liberation) as they were emaciated, with no flesh to putrefy. Lloyd was also sent by Dempsey to identify Heinrich Himmler 's body after his suicide. Lloyd ended his active army service with the honorary rank of colonel. Apart from his CBE, he was also decorated with the U.S. Legion of Merit in the degree of Commander. On 18 July 1947, Lloyd
4725-749: The British would not formally appeal to the Security Council. Mollet also said that the Egyptians had made so many threats to exterminate Israel that Israel could legitimately attack Egypt and plead self-defence. Eden was worried that the UK might have to come to Jordan's defence in the event of a Middle Eastern War ( Palestinian guerrillas were operating against Israel from the West Bank , which would be under Jordanian control until 1967). Lloyd later described 18 October as "an important day". Jebb had protested to Ivone Kirkpatrick at
4860-542: The Cabinet, including Lord Home, thought that Lloyd's "Six Principles" might have avoided armed conflict, while Lloyd himself thought that he had negotiated "a good-natured preamble to a missing treaty". With Lloyd still in New York, Albert Gazier (acting French Foreign Minister while Pineau was in New York) and General Challe (Deputy Chief of French Air Staff) visited Eden for a secret meeting at Chequers on 14 October. Before
4995-507: The College of St Mary Magdalene . Magdalene counted some of the most prominent men in the realm among its benefactors, including Britain's premier noble the Duke of Norfolk , the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Chief Justice Christopher Wray . Thomas Audley , Lord Chancellor under Henry VIII , was responsible for the refoundation of the college and also established its motto— garde ta foy ( Old French : "keep your faith"). Audley's successors in
5130-418: The Commonwealth realms in their capacity as sovereign of the order. While membership of the order confers no title or precedence , those inducted into the order are entitled to use the post-nominal letters CH . Appointments to the order are generally made on the advice of prime ministers of the Commonwealth realms. For Canadians, the advice to the Sovereign can come from a variety of officials. Originally,
5265-600: The Conservative candidacy for the Wirral, where the sitting MP was retiring. He was selected in preference to a VC bearing rival, who refused to pledge to live in the constituency; when asked Lloyd replied that he had "never lived anywhere else". In January 1945, he was unanimously adopted as the Conservative candidate whilst home on leave. Lloyd was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in February 1945 and
5400-499: The Egypt Committee, which met for the first time on 27 July, and would meet 42 times between then and 9 November. Lloyd preferred negotiations to force and, with his experience of military logistics, was sceptical as to whether a successful invasion could even be mounted. British reservists were called up on 2 August, and on that day Macmillan raised with the Egypt Committee the prospect of Israel attacking Egypt. On 10 August Lloyd had
5535-610: The Eighth Army in North Africa , Sicily and Italy , had returned to England in late December 1943 to take command of the 21st Army Group , knew him well enough to call him "Selwyn". Lloyd grew particularly close to Dempsey, with whom he crossed over to Normandy on D-Day and who remained a personal friend for the rest for their lives. Lloyd's particular responsibility was preparation of the "loading tables", allocating priceless shipping space to men, weapons, equipment and other supplies. As
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5670-455: The French sending Mystere jets to Israel. Over Jebb's protests, the ambassadors were not invited to the Anglo-French talks. Lloyd continued to press his doubts, but to no avail. He urged international control over toll increases, with disputes referred to an independent body. The French insisted that Dulles was double-crossing the British and that SCUA was simply intended to play for time so that
5805-452: The French. At 4pm Eden and Lloyd flew to Paris. In Paris Eden and Lloyd had talks with their French counterparts Prime Minister Guy Mollet and Foreign Minister Christian Pineau. Nutting later told the author Hugh Thomas that Lloyd had been "brainwashed" by Eden; Thomas toned this down in his 1967 book to "swept along". On 16 October Sir Gladwyn Jebb met Eden and Lloyd at Paris airport. In the car he asked Eden if he'd received his telegram about
5940-493: The House of Commons (1963–64), and was elected Speaker of the House of Commons from 1971 until his retirement in 1976. Lloyd was born on 28 July 1904 at Red Bank in West Kirby , Cheshire . His father, John Wesley Lloyd (1865–1954), was a dental surgeon and Methodist lay preacher of Welsh descent; his mother, Mary Rachel Warhurst (1872–1959), was distantly related to Field Marshal Sir John French . He had three sisters. Lloyd
6075-500: The River Cam. There is also a group study room, social space, and an archive. The Robert Cripps Gallery provides gallery space for visiting exhibitions and for displaying parts of the College art collection to the wider community. Magdalene is noted for its 'traditional' style: it boasts a well-regarded candlelit formal hall (held every evening) and was the last all-male college in Oxford or Cambridge to admit women in 1988 ( Oriel College
6210-515: The River Cam. It was the original area of college buildings from the 1470s. This area includes Magdalene's First Court, Second Court, Fellows' Garden, and the buildings surrounding them such as the porters' lodge , the Master's Lodge, and the Pepys Library. Situated on the north-east side of Magdalene Street is the porters' lodge, where mail to members of the college is delivered and distributed. Past
6345-522: The Second London Conference (19 – 21 September), working on Dulles' SCUA (Suez Canal Users' Association) proposal, a plan with which he was willing to cooperate. He wanted an immediate appeal to the UN to enforce rights of passage. On 24 September Lloyd was interviewed on Panorama , and stated that force would only be used as a last resort. On 26 September Lloyd informed the Cabinet about the failure of
6480-508: The Second London Conference. Eden and Lloyd flew to Paris for talks with Guy Mollet (French Prime Minister) and Christian Pineau (French Foreign Minister). At dinner, Harold Macmillan rang from the IMF meeting in New York. On the morning of 27 September there were further Anglo-French talks before Eden and Lloyd returned to London. The Third London Conference opened at 11am on 1 October, but Lloyd flew to New York at 8.30pm that day, and would be out of
6615-507: The Sudan saw riots in Khartoum and worries that he might meet the same fate as General Gordon in 1885. He wrote of the Sudan: "It is futile to try and outstay one's welcome". Later in February 1954 Neguib was ousted by Nasser. The Suez Base Agreement, whereby Britain agreed to withdraw her troops from Egypt by 1956, was on 27 July 1954. Lloyd would have preferred a slower withdrawal. Lloyd attended over
6750-688: The UN to be used as a cover for war. On 9 September Nasser rejected the proposals offered by the 18 powers at the London Conference. On 10 September the Cabinet agreed the Egypt Committee Plan to deprive Nasser of Suez Canal revenues, provided the US agreed. At Cabinet on 11 September 1956 (where Lloyd reported that the Menzies Mission had failed) Eden gave what Lloyd later called the "clearest possible indication of intention to use force". Lloyd chaired
6885-427: The UN, the Commonwealth and Scandinavian countries were opposed to the use of force. Israel demanded that British Canberra bombers bomb Egypt from their bases in Cyprus; Lloyd merely promised to seek the Cabinet's opinion on the matter. Lloyd demanded that British airstrikes be delayed for 48 hours after the outbreak of hostilities, so that collusion would not be too obvious, but in the end compromised on 36 hours. Lloyd
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#17328513774747020-422: The Village was developed over a period of 45 years by three architects, Harry Redfern , Sir Edwin Lutyens and David Roberts . The first building to be developed was Mallory Court B (1925–26) and the last was the new Buckingham Court building (1968–70). Lutyens had an original plan which involved demolishing many existing buildings in the area and constructing new buildings that matched the general look and feel of
7155-436: The arms of Magdalene, including the motto Garde Ta Foy (from Old French for "keep your faith"), and the wyvern as the crest. Thomas Audley died in 1544 aged 56, only two years after he re-founded the college. He donated to the college seven acres of property at Aldgate in London, which was his reward from Henry VIII for disposing of Anne Boleyn . This property would have brought enormous income had it been retained by
7290-417: The badge on a neck ribbon (red with golden border threads) and women on a bow at the left shoulder. Magdalene College, Cambridge Magdalene College ( / ˈ m ɔː d l ɪ n / MAWD -lin ) is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge . The college was founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hostel, in time coming to be known as Buckingham College , before being refounded in 1542 as
7425-413: The buildings surrounding First Court, including the Bursar, the Senior Tutor, and the Chaplain, as well as the President of the Middle Combination Room, the President of the Junior Combination Room, and the Captain of Boats. Past the formal hall, the Second Court is marked by the Pepys Building, where the Pepys Library is housed. The architect and polymath Robert Hooke , otherwise best known for coining
7560-410: The canal, as Britain was entitled to do under the 1954 Treaty, and enforce international law. Eden recalled Lloyd from New York after Nutting had suggested that no decision could be taken without the Foreign Secretary. Lloyd arrived late and jet-lagged for the 16 October meeting of the Egypt Committee in London; Anthony Nutting , junior Foreign Office minister, had stood in for him for the first part of
7695-423: The clever fool" after he signed an agreement at the UN after misunderstanding his brief, when the order was to be noncommittal. Churchill later revised his opinion upwards. In June 1952 Lloyd and Field Marshal Lord Alexander (Minister of Defence) visited Korea, first calling on Alexander's old subordinate General Mark Clark , now UN Supreme Commander in the Region, then the South Korean leader Syngman Rhee , then
7830-413: The college , an hereditary title of the heir of the founder, Lord Audley (now Baron Braybrooke ). Following an amendment to the college statutes, which was approved by the Queen in Council in February 2012, the master is now appointed by the governing body of the college. The master usually serves until reaching the statutory fellowship retirement age of 67. Exceptionally, this period may be extended until
7965-440: The college in 1988, some male undergraduates protested by wearing black arm-bands and flying the college flag at half-mast. Magdalene has an evenly mixed student body in terms of sex, race and education background. In recent years, Magdalene's access programme has attracted many applicants from state schools , especially from North West England ; and the college's close affiliation with international students' bursaries such as
8100-551: The college on the course of achieving a wider reputation of scholarship and sound thinking, and was later appointed as vice-chancellor of Cambridge University. Magdalene continued to be a liberal college through the Victorian era. The college had more liberal admissions policies than most, admitting Arthur Cohen , the first practising Jew to graduate from Cambridge. During the same period, Magdalene also admitted Catholic students such as Charles Januarius Acton , and Asian students who were excluded from many other colleges until after
8235-450: The college refer to him. In 1930, Benson Court was constructed and named after him. From 1972, the previously all-male colleges in Cambridge started admitting women, the first three being Churchill , Clare and King's . In 1985, Oriel College, Oxford , admitted women, making Magdalene the only surviving all-male Oxbridge college. The following year, Magdalene made the decision to admit women and become co-residential. When women joined
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#17328513774748370-477: The college since their donation by Pepys's nephew, John Jackson, in 1724. The building was also home to Magdalene College library, until the construction of the New Library. Daniel Waterland , a theologian by training, became master of the college in 1714 and prescribed a new curriculum for undergraduate students at Magdalene. His new curriculum included Mathematics, Newtonian Physics, Geography and Astronomy, as well as Classics, Logic and Metaphysics. Waterland
8505-399: The college was only completed in the 1580s under the generosity of Christopher Wray , then Lord Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench . The transaction was "almost certainly illegal", and was contested multiple times without success. The first and most famous such lawsuit was pursued in 1615 by Barnaby Goche , who was master of the college between 1604 and 1626. This court case landed Goche and
8640-403: The college's main site, but this plan was scrapped due to insufficient funding and the only part of Lutyens' plan that was realised was the Lutyens building. Passing through an obscure wooden gate opposite the porter's lodge, the open courtyard of Benson Court can be seen. Benson Court was named after A. C. Benson , master of Magdalene College from 1915 to 1925. Benson was best known for writing
8775-415: The college. However, under the conspiracy of the Elizabethan banker Benedict Spinola , the property was permanently alienated to the Crown in 1574. The transaction involved Spinola luring the master and fellows of the time to accept an increase in the annual rental from £9 to £15 a year in exchange for the property. The loss of the Aldgate property left the college in extreme poverty, and the street front of
8910-491: The consternation of the town authorities, but in the event he was unable to attend. Lloyd won the debate by 378 votes to 237 and was elected secretary for Lent Term 1927, putting him on track to be vice-president for Easter (summer) Term 1927, then president in Michaelmas 1927. He took office as president in June 1927. At his retiring debate in November 1927, Samuel Hoare and Rab Butler (then being selected as Tory candidate for Saffron Walden ) spoke. Lloyd finally graduated with
9045-418: The consultation with Pineau the previous evening. The objective of any Anglo-French action would be to control the Canal and secondly to topple Nasser. The Cabinet further considered the use of force on 24 October. After Cabinet, Lloyd recorded his UN Day Broadcast for the BBC, for transmission that evening. He then had a tense meeting with Ivone Kirkpatrick and Gladwyn Jebb, who was still angry at being kept in
9180-427: The contractionary measures which he felt compelled to take, including the "Pay Pause" of July 1961, culminating in the sensational Liberal victory at the Orpington by-election in March 1962. In July 1962 Macmillan dismissed him from the Cabinet, making him the highest-profile casualty in the reshuffle known as the " Night of the Long Knives ". He returned to office under Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home as Leader of
9315-423: The country until 16 October. At the UN talks, Britain and France felt that Dulles was not ruling out the use of force as a last resort. In New York Lloyd attended the United Nations Security Council meeting, where he met Christian Pineau and Dr Fawzi , the French and Egyptian foreign ministers. On 10 and 11 October Lloyd had various talks with Fawzi. By 13 October the Seven Points were agreed, which would become
9450-457: The dark. At 11pm Lloyd went to 10 Downing Street to hear Dean's report on the second Sevres meeting. Mountbatten ( First Sea Lord ) also attended. The French had produced three copies of a typed document, the Protocol of Sèvres. Eden later tried in vain to retrieve the French and Israeli copies to destroy the evidence of collusion. On the morning of 25 October Eden told the Cabinet that Israel would attack Egypt after all, but did not tell them about
9585-400: The entrance. Flanking the entrance is a double staircase leading to a minstrels' gallery and the senior combination room . The walls of the hall are decorated with 15 portraits of notable benefactors and past members. Both the old and new Master's Lodges are located just to the north of First Court. The old Master's Lodge, connected to the building in which the porters' lodge is situated,
9720-454: The event of an Israeli attack. Sir Humphrey Trevelyan , British Ambassador to Egypt, telegraphed to warn that Nasser was not willing to compromise on Egyptian control of the Canal. This marked the apparent failure of Lloyd's attempt to negotiate a peaceful settlement and was, in the view of his biographer, the moment which he should perhaps have used an excuse to resign. Lloyd went to Chequers on Sunday 21 October (having been summoned by Eden on
9855-480: The exclusion of the ambassadors from the Anglo-French talks and had sent Lloyd a handwritten threat of resignation. Before the Cabinet meeting at 10 Downing Street that morning, Lloyd buttonholed Rab Butler outside the Cabinet Room. Butler later recorded (and Lloyd's account is similar) that Lloyd had gripped him by the arm, telling him that he had been "wafted" to Paris and warning him confidentially that there might be
9990-619: The famous Pepys Diary, the Pepys Library became a popular tourist destination in Cambridge. The ground and basement levels of the Pepys Building hosted the college library where undergraduate course books were available. The Pepys Building was constructed in such a way that it would provide a good view of the Fellows' Garden. Construction of a new College Library began in 2018; the new building, designed by Niall McLaughlin Architects , offers three times more space. Also situated on Second Court
10125-474: The first time at the 1931 election , although in that year he declined an invitation to join the Conservative Party candidates' list. He joined Hoylake Urban District Council on 19 April 1932, as a councillor for Grange Ward. For three years he was chairman of the Estates Finance Committee, managing a budget in excess of £250,000, equivalent to £21,920,682 in 2023. At the age of 32 he became
10260-543: The founder of the college, Lord Audley. Magdalene College is located at the bend of the River Cam on the northwestern side of the town centre, at the foot of Castle Hill . The college was deliberately built on the opposite end of Magdalene Bridge from the town centre so that the Benedictine student-monks would be secluded from the business and temptations of the town. As such, it was the first Cambridge college to be built on
10395-544: The frontage of the Pepys Building). Magdalene Street divides the ancient courts from more recent developments. One of the accommodation blocks in the newer part of the college was built by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the early 1930s. Opened in 2005, Cripps Court, on Chesterton Road , features new undergraduate rooms and conference facilities. The main site of the college is the area bounded by Magdalene Street, Chesterton Lane and
10530-421: The garden; there are also a few flowerbeds in the garden in which the gardeners grow seasonal flowers. Near the northwest corner of the Fellows' Garden lies a Victorian pet cemetery with several gravestones and statues of departed dogs and cats of the College. Adjacent to the Fellows' Garden are two other gardens: the Master's Garden, which is part of the Master's Lodge and separated from the Fellows' Garden by
10665-478: The gatehouse by which the porters' lodge is situated lies First Court. The First Court was the earliest court to be built. From 1760 the Court was faced with stucco, but most of the buildings were restored in a project between 1953 and 1966. The chapel was the first to be built in around 1470, while the gatehouse including the porters' lodge and the street-front of the college did not exist until 1585. The chapel lies in
10800-497: The government so close to their exams to extend their studies for an extra year, which meant that Lloyd was able to spend a very rare fifth year as an undergraduate. Lloyd George had become Liberal leader and was injecting money and ideas into the Liberal Party, and was keen to attract promising young candidates. Selwyn Lloyd was a frequent speaker for the Liberal Party from 1926 onwards. In 1926 he toyed, not entirely seriously, with
10935-627: The ground level. Many of these buildings are part of the Quayside development project, built between 1983 and 1989, as part of a business plan of the college. As for student accommodation, this part of the college includes the Bridge Street and Thompson's Lane hostels. Cripps Court is situated on the opposite side of Chesterton Road from the main site of the college. It was built between 2003 and 2005 in response to increasing demands for extra accommodation and conference facilities. The site of Cripps Court
11070-402: The idea of a biological cell , participated in designing this building in 1677, and construction carried on from then until the 1700s because of the college's lack of money. The inscription on the arch in front of the building, Bibliotheca Pepysiana 1724 , refers to the year in which the Pepys Diary was donated to the college, rather than the year in which the building was completed. Because of
11205-610: The idea of joining the Labour Party. In Michaelmas Term 1926, Lloyd and Devlin (then president of the Cambridge Union) persuaded Walter Citrine to join Lloyd in opposing the motion that "The power of trade unions has increased, is increasing and ought to be diminished" (an echo of Dunning 's famous motion on the power of the Crown in 1780). They had invited the miners' leader A. J. Cook , to
11340-446: The lyrics of Land of Hope and Glory , a British patriotic song set to the tune of Edward Elgar 's Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1 . The cottages to either side of the entrance pathway are all pre-existing buildings that were converted into student accommodation in the 1960s. In particular, Benson Court H is one of the few buildings in college whose structure survived from the 16th century, and presents its 17th-century facade which
11475-468: The master in question reaches 70 as occurred in the case of Duncan Robinson , master from 2002 to 2012. With the position of master comes college-based residency in the form of the Master's Lodge, which may be populated and decorated according to the wishes of the master. Traditionally, every Sunday, the master attends the service in the college chapel before sitting at the head of the high table in hall for formal hall . The college's most famous alumnus
11610-401: The mastership and as benefactors of the college were, however, prone to dire ends; several benefactors were arraigned at various stages on charges of high treason and executed. The college remains one of the smaller in the university, numbering around 400 undergraduate and 200 graduate students. It has maintained strong academic performance over the past decade, achieving an average of ninth in
11745-504: The meeting Gladwyn Jebb, who was not invited, sent Eden a personal telegram to dissuade him, but the meeting merely impressed Eden with French resolve. Concerned that if war broke out in the Middle East Britain might have to take the side of her ally Jordan against France's ally Israel, the French leaders outlined "The Plan" to Eden and Nutting: in the event of Israel attacking Egypt, Britain and France would intervene jointly to protect
11880-630: The meeting. Nutting later claimed that on arrival Lloyd told him he'd "clinched it", i.e. achieved a deal in which the Canal would stay nationalised, and that he had replied "we must have nothing to do with this" when Nutting tipped him off about the French plan. When the meeting resumed, Eden did not mention Lloyd's negotiations in New York but instead praised the French plan, which Lloyd later wrote of as "the plan for which I did not care". After an indeterminate discussion, Eden had lunch with Lloyd, and persuaded him that his New York agreement with Fawzi would never hold up and persuaded him to come to Paris to meet
12015-461: The morning of Good Friday , he withdrew his suggestion after Lloyd pointed out that the last judge to do so had been Pontius Pilate . Like many young politicians, in 1930–1931 Lloyd was sympathetic to Oswald Mosley 's New Party and was disappointed that it made so little headway. He declined to stand again for Macclesfield as a Liberal in 1931 over tariffs, and thought the rump National Liberal Party not worth joining. Lloyd voted Conservative for
12150-420: The north range of First Court, and its original construction dates to 1470-72. However, restoration works meant that little of the original chapel other than the original roof remains. Since the college is dedicated to Mary Magdalene , much of the chapel's artwork describes her story. The glass windows on the eastern wall of the chapel are dedicated to the encounters between Mary Magdalene and Jesus Christ around
12285-548: The northwestern side of the Cam. The college's main site was previously settled during the Roman occupation of England. The college's buildings are distributed on both sides of the river, and is roughly divided into four areas: the main site, where the oldest buildings including the porter's lodge and the Pepys Library are located; The Village , which was built in the 1930s and consists exclusively of student accommodation; Quayside, built on
12420-485: The order was limited to 50 ordinary members, but in 1943 it was enlarged to 65, with a quota of 45 members for the United Kingdom , seven for Australia , two each for New Zealand and South Africa , and nine for India , Burma , and the other British colonies . The quota numbers were altered in 1970 to 47 for the United Kingdom, seven for Australia, two for New Zealand, and nine for other Commonwealth realms. The quota
12555-512: The outbreak of war Lloyd's patron Brigadier Cherry sponsored him for the Staff College, Camberley . Many of those sent to the Staff College in 1939 were barristers, businessmen, school and university teachers thought likely to have an aptitude for staff work; Brian Horrocks was one of his instructors. Out of 110 officers in his intake, he was one of 22 passed as fit for immediate staff duty. He
12690-456: The phone the previous day). The press were told that Lloyd had a cold so that he could go to Paris in secret to meet the Israelis. Lloyd, accompanied by his Private Secretary Donald Logan , then went to Sevres , just outside Paris, on 22 October. Eden insisted that British action not be in response to Israeli demands. Logan drove Lloyd to the airport in his own car to maintain secrecy, although he
12825-529: The recent Operation Torch and Operation Husky landings, and on his return had to make presentations to senior officers. On 14 December 1943, he was promoted to acting colonel, and by February 1944 was Deputy Chief of Staff of the Second Army, now commanded by Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey . He later recalled that the work preparing for the Normandy landings was more intense than at any other time in his life. By March 1944 Montgomery, who, after commanding
12960-457: The same. The college's May Ball had been a biennial fixture since 1911. Master of Magdalene College is the title given to the Head of House. Rowan Williams , former Archbishop of Canterbury (2002–12), became the master on 1 January 2013. Sir Christopher Greenwood succeeded Williams as master of Magdalene on 1 October 2020. Power to appoint the master was vested until 2012 in the visitor of
13095-531: The secret Sevres Protocol. The Plan for an Anglo-French invasion was revealed to the Cabinet. Companion of Honour The Order of the Companions of Honour is an order of the Commonwealth realms . It was founded on 4 June 1917 by King George V as a reward for outstanding achievements. It was founded on the same date as the Order of the British Empire . The order was originally intended to be conferred upon
13230-409: The senior fellow in prison for two years. Goche was subsequently offered £10,000 as a compromise, which he refused to accept. When the Quayside development site of Magdalene College was completed in 1989, a gargoyle of Spinola which spits water into the Cam was installed as a "revenge at last". In 1650, Samuel Pepys joined the college. He was best known for his private diaries, known to critics as
13365-438: The southeastern side of the river in the 1980s as an investment project which also provides student accommodation; and Cripps Court, built in the 2000s for extra conference facilities and accommodation. Magdalene's old buildings are representative of the college's ramshackle growth from a monks' foundation into a centre of education. It is also distinctive in that most of the old buildings are in brick rather than stone (save for
13500-516: The staff. He wanted to see fighting, and was disappointed not to be posted to Egypt with Montgomery when the latter took command of the Eighth Army in August 1942. Montgomery told him that temporary officers lacked the aptitude of regulars for fighting, but were often better at staff work. On 6 November, Lloyd was promoted to temporary lieutenant-colonel (war-substantive major). In the spring of 1943 Lloyd
13635-495: The story had clearly grown in the telling) that on his appointment he protested: 'But, sir, there must be some mistake. I do not speak any foreign language. Except in war, I have never visited any foreign country. I do not like foreigners. I have never spoken in any foreign-affairs debate in the House. I have never listened to one.' 'Young man, these all seem to me to be positive advantages,' growled Churchill in return. Churchill initially thought Selwyn Lloyd "that most dangerous of men,
13770-560: The subsequent Dissolution of the Monasteries , the parent abbey of Buckingham College, Crowland Abbey , was dissolved. However, the college remained in operation. Walden Abbey, one of the Benedictine abbeys associated with Buckingham College, came into the possession of Thomas Audley after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. On 3 April 1542 Audley refounded Buckingham College as the College of Saint Mary Magdalene. Derived from Audley were
13905-576: The three services still had direct right of access to the Prime Minister. Lloyd began a gradual process of consolidation of control of the Armed Forces which would finally come to fruition a decade or so later, with the three service ministries consolidated into a single Ministry of Defence and the three service chiefs reporting to a powerful Chief of Defence Staff . Lloyd was promoted to Foreign Secretary in December 1955, in place of Harold Macmillan who
14040-474: The time of the crucifixion of Jesus : anointing Jesus with her jug of ointment, watching the crucifixion, weeping at the tomb and recognising Jesus after his resurrection . Compared to most other Cambridge colleges of medieval origin, Magdalene's chapel is smaller in line with the college's relatively small population. Despite its smaller size, however, the chapel's physical proportions are in keeping with those of other medieval Oxbridge college chapels, reflecting
14175-498: The town centre by the River Cam and protected by Cambridge Castle . The main buildings of the college were constructed in the 1470s under the leadership of John de Wisbech, then Abbot of Crowland . Under the patronage of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham , the institution was renamed Buckingham College . In the 16th century, the Church of England broke away from the Papacy . With
14310-593: The traditional layout of Solomon's Temple: the ratio of Magdalene's antechapel , choir , and sanctuary (1:4:2) matches that of the Temple's porch, holy place, and holy of holies. In 2000, the chapel received a new Baroque-style pipe organ built by Goetze & Gwynn . Past the chapel, the hall separates the First Court to the west and the Second Court to the east. This is where formal dinners are served. The hall itself
14445-411: The trees planted in the original plan of the garden were chopped down and replaced in a renovation in the early 1900s, under the instruction of botanist Walter Gardiner . Many of the newly planted trees were black poplars and its variant, Lombardy poplars. Some fruit trees, such as quince , cherry and plum trees, were planted in the 1980s-90s. Squirrels, and the occasional woodpecker may be spotted in
14580-534: The whole Egypt Committee), then to the Cabinet. Eden told the Cabinet that there had been secret talks with Israel in Paris. Lloyd told the Cabinet that he was still hoping for a peaceful settlement, but that the French were not interested in a peaceful settlement and that Nasser would retain his interest in the Middle East. Eden told that Cabinet that, based on what Lloyd said, and contrary to Eden's comments of 18 October, an Israeli attack on Egypt now seemed less likely. Lloyd
14715-517: The youngest-ever chairman of the council. As chairman, in 1937, he was in charge of the local Coronation festivities , an event which he used to strengthen his links with the Territorial Army . He continued to serve on the council until 1940. In the early 1960s he was often mocked as "Mr Hoylake UDC", implying him to be a small-town lawyer and local councillor who had been promoted onto the national stage above his abilities. Lloyd considered himself
14850-581: Was "to help Magdalene men to feel in the dark whether they were entering the correct staircase". The Lutyens building currently hosts about 60 students and fellows as well as the college launderette. Another two courts can be found to the northwest of Benson Court: Mallory Court and Buckingham Court. Mallory Court was named after George Mallory , the British mountaineer who famously answered "Because it's there" when asked why he wanted to climb Mount Everest . The court itself comprises student rooms, some new and some converted from existing buildings which include
14985-530: Was able to stand out amongst the small contingent of Conservative MPs in the 1945–50 Parliament, and worked closely with both Anthony Eden and Rab Butler. Lloyd continued his legal career, taking silk in 1947. He was the Recorder of Wigan between 1948 and 1951. In 1946-7 his annual earnings including his salary as an MP were £4,485, of which the bar made up £3,231 (around £150,000 and £110,000 at 2016 prices). In 1947-8 his earnings dropped to £3,140, of which £1,888
15120-644: Was adjusted again in 1975 by adding two places to the New Zealand quota and reducing the nine for the other countries to seven. Whilst still able to nominate candidates to the order, the Cabinet of Australia has effectively stopped the allocation of this award to that country's citizens in preference to other Australian honours. The last Australian member, Doug Anthony , former Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, died on 20 December 2020. Companions from other Commonwealth realms continue to be appointed, Dame Kiri Te Kanawa ,
15255-456: Was also successful in attracting financial aid for the college, including funds for scholarships. The mathematician Edward Waring was among those who joined the college during this period. In 1781, Peter Peckard , one of the earliest abolitionists , became master of Magdalene. The Zong massacre of 1781 prompted Peckard to speak strongly against slave trade in his sermons, some of which were published as tracts and pamphlets. Peckard set
15390-516: Was appointed BMRA (Brigade major, Royal Artillery) to Brigadier Cherry, despite "not knowing anything about guns etc". By the spring of 1940 the 55th Division was on duty defending the Suffolk Coast against possible invasion. In February 1941, by now an acting major , he was a General Staff Officer Grade 2 (GSO2) at the headquarters of Major General Charles Allfrey 's 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division , another first-line TA formation. The division
15525-626: Was appointed the honorary Colonel of 349 37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery . He was awarded the Territorial Decoration (TD) in August 1951. He retired from the Territorial Army Reserve on 2 March 1955 with the honorary rank of colonel. Lloyd was elected to the House of Commons to represent Wirral in the 1945 general election by a majority of 16,625. His maiden speech on 12 February 1946
15660-719: Was at the bar (around £100,000 and £60,000 at 2016 prices). Thereafter his earnings continued to decline, as he was busy in Parliament and with his recordership, and he did not have time to carve out a new niche for himself as a King's Counsel either on the North-West Circuit or in London. Lloyd expressed his opposition to capital punishment during the passage of the Criminal Justice Act 1948 , and built relationships with other abolitionist MPs including Sidney Silverman . Lloyd gave
15795-429: Was built in the 16th century and vacated in 1835. The Master's Lodge then moved to a new location about 50 m north of the previous location. This new lodge was rebuilt in 1967 to give the Master a less grandiose, but more comfortable residence. The building which was the first Master's Lodge is now known as Old Lodge and is predominantly used for student accommodation. A number of senior fellows and students have rooms in
15930-575: Was built in the early 16th century, again with many later refurbishments but never gas or electric lighting — Magdalene's hall is unique in Oxbridge in relying solely on candlelight. To the far end of the hall is the High Table , placed on a platform one step above ground level, where fellows and their guests dine. Students dine at three long benches in front of and perpendicular to the High Table and spanning to
16065-465: Was commissioned as a regular second lieutenant on 27 June 1939, and by August, with war seeming ever more likely, he was an acting captain and acting brigade major to Brigadier Cherry, CRA ( Commander, Royal Artillery ) of the 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division , a first-line Territorial Army formation. His obituary in The Times later stated wrongly that he had begun the war as a private. On
16200-537: Was educated at the Leas School and as a boy was particularly interested in military history, to which he later attributed his successful military career. In 1918, aged thirteen, he won a scholarship to Fettes College . As a junior boy there, where he was nicknamed " Jezebel ", after his initials JSBL, he became embroiled in a homosexual scandal, but was deemed to be the innocent party, escaping punishment, while three older boys were expelled. In October 1923, he went up, as
16335-458: Was elected chairman. Lloyd helped to negotiate a formula for a new convention, in which Egypt would receive increased canal revenues and would have a place on the board of a new operating company. On 5 September Lloyd flew to Paris for talks with Spaak about the NATO upcoming meeting. On 7 September Lloyd was warned by his Canadian counterpart Lester Pearson that neither the US nor Canada would allow
16470-400: Was in the House of Commons on 24 October, so was not present when the secret Protocol of Sèvres was signed. He refused to return to Sevres as he could hardly pretend to be ill again after having just appeared in public. In his instructions to Patrick Dean , who went in his place, Lloyd stressed that Britain had not asked Israel to intervene. Later that morning Eden informed the Cabinet about
16605-468: Was not on an anodyne constituency matter as is usual for new MPs, but instead on the Trades Disputes and Trades Unions Bill , reflecting his interest in the subject going back to his student days. Lloyd's entry to Parliament gave him a headstart over other rising Conservative politicians who did not enter Parliament until 1950 . He became a member of the "Young Turks" faction of the Conservative Party. He
16740-514: Was not told the destination until they were underway. David Carlton argued that this tied Lloyd into the conspiracy by getting him to meet Ben Gurion. Lloyd met Pineau, who said that the Israelis would attack Egypt but only with Anglo-French air support. Lloyd then, at 7pm, met the Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion , who like Pineau was disappointed by his obvious lack of enthusiasm for military action. Lloyd warned that
16875-404: Was only willing to offer Britain "moral" support against Nasser. On 31 January Lloyd and Dulles had a private meeting about SEATO . Dulles took the lead in private, but would not lead or support Britain in public, although the two men got on well when Dulles realised that Lloyd could not be browbeaten. On 21 March Lloyd obtained Cabinet approval for a policy of hostility to Nasser, who was seen as
17010-416: Was part of XII Corps , commanded by Lieutenant General Andrew Thorne , but he was replaced in April 1941 by Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery , who soon noted Lloyd as a promising officer. Montgomery was promoted to command South-Eastern Command at Reigate (he soon renamed it "South Eastern Army") and on 18 December 1941 Lloyd was posted to join him. By 1942, Lloyd was a lieutenant colonel (GSO1) on
17145-558: Was posted to the staff of the Second Army , whose General Officer Commanding (GOC) was Lieutenant General Sir Kenneth Anderson , which was then being formed for participation in Operation Overlord . He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in June 1943. Between June and August 1943 Lloyd was sent on a fact-finding trip to Algiers, Malta and Sicily, to examine German beach defences and to learn lessons from
17280-461: Was previously known as Cross Keys Inn to the street front of Magdalene Street. To the left of the courtyard is a gentle grassy slope where the college punts are moored and parties are held in the summer. Across the courtyard is the Lutyens building, also designated Benson A-E, which was built and named after Sir Edwin Lutyens, the architect who planned much of the Village. Due to a lack of funding, it
17415-457: Was promoted to acting brigadier on 8 March 1945. He was twice mentioned in despatches, the second of these being amongst a list of soldiers honoured for the 1944-5 campaign. Lloyd was with the Allied forces which liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp . He seldom spoke about Belsen, but later recalled seeing inmates living like animals, defecating in public view, and that there was no smell from
17550-478: Was pronounced. Although the standard pronunciation of the name "Magdalene" in the English language has changed, the customary pronunciation of the college's name was retained. With the development of the General Post Office during the 19th century, the spelling of the college's name was fixed as "Magdalene" with a final "e", to avoid confusion with Magdalen College, Oxford . The two colleges are pronounced
17685-403: Was put on the committee to advise Eden about the upcoming summit, the first since the war. He was Minister of Defence, a very prestigious post in Conservative eyes, for less than a year and the dates of his tenure meant that he was not in office during the annual defence white paper and defence debate; however, he made important innovations in long-term expenditure planning. The Chiefs of Staff of
17820-745: Was seen as too strong and independent a figure for Eden's tastes. In his early days at the Foreign Office Lloyd was known to irritate his subordinates with bad puns, such as "Good for Nutting " and "You're a deb, Sir Gladwyn Jebb ". The Foreign Office mandarin Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh complained in his diary (9 December 1955) that they were to "be landed with that bloody Selwyn Lloyd". Eden and Lloyd visited Washington for talks with his American counterpart, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles , on 30 January 1956, and wondered how long Britain could continue to cooperate with Colonel Nasser . Dulles
17955-427: Was still worried about an Israeli attack on Jordan. Dayan later recalled that "[Lloyd]'s manner could not have been more antagonistic. His whole demeanour expressed distaste – for the place, the company, and the topic … His opening remarks suggested the tactics of a customer bargaining with extortionate merchants." Lloyd left towards midnight. The next morning, 23 October, Lloyd reported to a group of senior ministers (not
18090-452: Was the last in Oxford, admitting women in 1986). The college is officially known as "The College of Saint Mary Magdalene ", with "Magdalene" customarily pronounced "Maudlyn" ( / ˈ m ɔː d l ɪ n / MAWD -lin ). The name was chosen when Thomas Audley re-founded and dedicated the college to Mary Magdalene in 1542. In early documents, the name of the college was spelt "Maudleyn" as it
18225-527: Was the only part of Lutyens' original grandiose plan that was built. Part of the building's cost was sponsored by subscriptions raised by Harvard in memory of Henry Dunster , who studied in Magdalene in 1627–1630 and became a founding father of Harvard University . Hence, the crest of Harvard with the inscription Veritas can be found at the entrance to the D staircase. Each staircase in the building had slightly different banister designs, which Lutyens explained
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