89-652: The Secunderabad Club located in Secunderabad is one of the five oldest clubs in India, the oldest club being the Bengal Club of Calcutta . The club was established on 26 April 1878 and was originally known as the Secunderabad Public Rooms. The club was earlier located somewhere near where Tivoli cinema is located today. The building where the club is located today was a hunting lodge gifted by Salar Jung . In 1888 it
178-590: A 10+2+3 plan . Schools are a mix of publicly and privately run institutions, with two-thirds of students in private schools. Languages of instruction include English, Hindi , Urdu , and Telugu . Depending on the institution students are studying in, they are required to sit in the Secondary School Certificate or the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education . After completing secondary education, students enrol in schools or junior colleges with
267-765: A heritage building known as Old Jail complex near Monda Market ) was also established. Originally constructed in 1860 as the country house of the British Resident at Hyderabad, the Residency House is now known as the Rashtrapati Nilayam , the official retreat of the President of India . Sir Winston Churchill , the prime minister of the United Kingdom during World War II, was posted in Secunderabad during
356-573: A republic . The offices of monarch and governor-general were replaced by the new office of President of India, with Rajendra Prasad as its first incumbent. India retained its Commonwealth membership per the London Declaration , recognising The King as "the symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth." The Indian constitution accords to
445-661: A few high-ranking nobility from Hyderabad were offered membership. The first Indian who became the president of the club was Major General El Edross who was the commander-in-chief of the Hyderabad State Forces. After Hyderabad State joined Indian Union in September 1948, General Choudary who was then the Military Governor of Hyderabad State, became the President for a few months. Later Mirza Najaf Alikhan an ICS Officer
534-639: A higher secondary facility. Due to the prolonged presence of the British, Secunderabad has convent schools established by Christian missionaries. There are also 2 Army Public Schools, Army Public School Bolarum and Army Public School RK Puram. Research institutes such as National Institute of Nutrition , Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , The English and Foreign Languages University , Osmania University , and National Geophysical Research Institute are in Tarnaka , which
623-518: A large number of defence units. Units of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), such as Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), and ECIL are close to Secunderabad. There are also many hotels here, like Taj Krishna and ITC hotels. The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), established in 2007, is responsible for the administration and infrastructure of Secunderabad. Secunderabad Municipality
712-450: A maximum period of three years with repeated parliamentary approval every six months. If the emergency needs to be extended for more than three years, this can be achieved by a constitutional amendment , as has happened in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir . During such an emergency, the president can take over the entire work of the executive, and the governor administers the state in the name of
801-412: A simple majority. It has never been declared. A state of financial emergency remains in force indefinitely until revoked by the president. The president can reduce the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the supreme court and high courts , in cases of a financial emergency. All money bills passed by state legislatures are submitted to the president for approval. They can direct
890-407: A vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be completed before the expiration of the term. An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of their death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy; and the person elected to fill
979-534: Is 1,566 kilometres (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 kilometres (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai , and 570 kilometres (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It is connected to Hyderabad by Rastrapathi Road (formerly known as King's Way) and MG Road (formerly known as James' Street) via Tank Bund . As a constituent of Greater Hyderabad, Secunderabad is one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. A lot of residential areas are located nearby like West Marredpally, East Marredpally, Kharkhana, and Bowenpally as it
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#17328545570441068-465: Is bound by the provisions of the constitution notwithstanding any advice by the union cabinet. As per Article 142 , it is the duty of the president to enforce the decrees of the supreme court. The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60 . The president appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on the advice of
1157-401: Is calm and serene. Secunderabad has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen: Aw ) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen: BSh ), with hot summers from late March to early May, the monsoon season from late June to early October, and a pleasant winter from late November to early February. In the evenings and mornings, the climate is relatively cool. Most of the rainfall is concentrated in
1246-526: Is close to Secunderabad and served the twin city until early 2008. Situated in the North of Hyderabad at 17°27′N 78°30′E / 17.45°N 78.5°E / 17.45; 78.5 ., Secunderabad lies on the northern part of the Deccan Plateau . Secunderabad has an average elevation of 543 metres (1781 ft). Most of the area has a rocky terrain and some areas are hilly . Secunderabad
1335-548: Is close to Secunderabad. President of India The president of India ( ISO : Bhārata kē Rāṣṭrapati ) is the head of state of the Republic of India . The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces . Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office from 25 July 2022. The office of president
1424-604: Is connected by Secunderabad East metro station & Secunderabad West metro station of Hyderabad Metro . The city is the headquarters of the South Central Railway Zone of the Indian Railways . It is served by Secunderabad Railway Station , one of the oldest and largest railway stations in the twin cities. Secunderabad is also a major railway junction in the Wadi– Vijayawada railway route. Secunderabad
1513-478: Is inconsistent with the constitution. Article 143 gives the president the power to consult the supreme court about the constitutional validity of an issue. The president shall assent to constitutional amendment bills without power to withhold the bills per Article 368 (2) . When either of the two Houses of the Parliament of India is not in session, and if the government feels the need for an immediate procedure,
1602-551: Is located at West Marredpally . Secunderabad forms a part of Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency and is represented with seven legislative assembly seats. The present Member of Parliament is G. Kishan Reddy , who is also a Minister of State in the Union Cabinet. Major English dailies Deccan Chronicle and Financial Chronicle and the Telugu daily Andhra Bhoomi are published from Secunderabad. FM radio Radio Mirchi
1691-955: Is located at SP Road in Secunderabad. The most-popular sport played in Secunderabad is cricket . During pre-independence era Secunderabad had various sports facilities built for serving Englishmen. Presently, no major stadiums are located in Secunderabad. However, some open grounds belonging to railways and military establishments are used for various sporting activities. These are Gymkhana Ground , Parade Ground, Polo Ground, Bollarum Golf Course and Railway Golf Course. Various state sports associations such as Amateur Boxing Association, Basketball Association, Women's Cricket Association, Sculling and Rowing Association, and Hyderabad Hockey Association are located in Secunderabad. The most commonly used forms of medium-distance transport in Secunderabad include government-owned services such as light railways and Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) buses, as well as privately operated auto rickshaws . It
1780-602: Is not approved by the parliament or violates the constitution. Thus, it is believed that the POI is the de jure head of the state, whereas PM is the de facto head. The President of the Indian Union will be generally bound by the advice of his Ministers. ... He can do nothing contrary to their advice nor can do anything without their advice. The President of the United States can dismiss any Secretary at any time. The President of
1869-507: Is not fully satisfied, on the basis of the report of the governor of the concerned state or from other sources, that the governance in a state cannot be carried out according to the provisions in the constitution, they can proclaim under Article 356 a state of emergency in the state. Such an emergency must be approved by the parliament within a period of 2 months. Under Article 356 of the Indian constitution , it can be imposed from six months to
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#17328545570441958-404: Is organised every July. In the early hours of the 15th of January, 2022, a massive fire completely gutted the 144-year-old historic main building. The club's Colonnade Bar, billiards room and the administration office are among the structures that were destroyed in the fire. The fire is believed to have started in the barroom between 12 and 1 am, and by 3 am, when seven fire tenders were rushed
2047-403: Is the common head of all independent constitutional entities. All their actions, recommendations ( Article 3 , Article 111, Article 274, etc.) and supervisory powers ( Article 74(2) , Article 78C, Article 108, Article 111, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of India shall be used in accordance to uphold the constitution. There is no bar on the actions of the president to contest in
2136-700: Is the hub for the city bus transport run by the TSRTC and is connected to major destinations of both Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Major bus stations are the Jubilee Bus Station and the Rathifile Bus. The Tank Bund road connects Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Abutting the Hussain Sagar lake, the Tank Bund road is an arterial road and the main thoroughfare connecting Secunderabad with Hyderabad. Maximum speed limits within
2225-455: Is the responsibility of the president to withdraw the ordinance as soon as the reasons for the promulgation of the ordinance are no longer applicable. Bringing laws in the form of ordinances has become a routine matter by the government and president, but the provisions made in Article 123 are meant for mitigating unusual circumstances where immediate action is inevitable when the extant provisions of
2314-499: The Article 368 procedure. When, after reconsideration, the bill is passed accordingly and presented to the president, with or without amendments, the president cannot withhold their assent from it. The president can also withhold their assent to a bill when it is initially presented to them (rather than return it to parliament) thereby exercising a pocket veto on the advice of the prime minister or council of ministers per Article 74 if it
2403-723: The English-speaking world over the last few decades. The camp transformed into an English town, and then into a truly cosmopolitan city where the Anglo-Indians, who had a colony popularly called “Little England”, rubbed shoulders with the Mudaliars of Tamil Nadu, the Rajasthani trading community, the Parsis, and the Sikhs, as the historian Narendra Luther book Laskar vividly captures the flavour in
2492-464: The First War of Indian Independence of 1857, the construction of a 7-metre-high (23 ft) wall was started at Trimulgherry and completed in 1867. Secunderabad Junction railway station , one of the largest in India and the zonal headquarters of South Central Railway , was established in 1874. The King Edward Memorial Hospital, now known as Gandhi Hospital, was established in 1851. A civil jail (now
2581-672: The Indian constitution , the president is empowered with the powers to grant pardons in the following situations: The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the president are independent of the opinion of the prime minister or the Lok Sabha majority. In most cases, however, the president exercises their executive powers on the advice of the prime minister and the cabinet . The president can declare three types of emergencies: national, state and financial, under articles 352, 356 & 360 in addition to promulgating ordinances under article 123. A national emergency can be declared in
2670-680: The Indian state of Telangana . It is the headquarters of the South Central Railway zone . Named after the Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III , Nizam of the Asaf Jahi dynasty , Secunderabad was established in 1806 as a British cantonment . Although both the cities are together referred to as the twin cities , Hyderabad and Secunderabad have different histories and cultures, with Secunderabad having developed directly under British rule until 1948, and Hyderabad as
2759-519: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 . The first two emergencies were in the face of external aggression and War. They were hence external emergencies. Even as the second emergency was in progress, another internal emergency was proclaimed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed , with Indira Gandhi as prime minister in 1975. In 1977, the second and the third emergencies were together revoked. If the president
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2848-940: The Republic Day parade and fairs are held in the Gymkhana or Parade grounds. Christmas is celebrated by the Christian residents. An annual festival known as the Bonalu is celebrated by the Hindus of the Telangana state. It is usually held during the Ashadha , which is at the start of the monsoon season. Ramadan , the Islamic holy month of fasting, is observed by the local Muslims. There are old temples like Laxminarayana Swami Temple and Mahakali Temple. Local churches like Wesely church and St. Mary's church add to
2937-480: The advisory opinion of the supreme court per Article 143 . Per Article 88 , the president can ask the attorney general to attend the parliamentary proceedings and report to him any unlawful functioning if any. The president appoints as prime minister , the person most likely to command the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha (usually the leader of the majority party or coalition). The president then appoints
3026-703: The capture of Warangal , the Kakatiya capital. The modern city of Hyderabad was built and founded in 1592 by the Golconda Sultanate under Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah . The modern Secunderabad is also the site where the then Mughal emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur was defeated in the year 1754 by the Maratha Empire ; the emperor arrived after the death of Nawab Anwaruddin Khan nearby at the Battle of Ambur in 1749. Anwaruddin Khan
3115-443: The prime minister . Such a proclamation must be approved by the parliament with at least a two-thirds majority within one month. Such an emergency can be imposed for six months. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval-there is no maximum duration. In such an emergency, Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. However,
3204-469: The sixth-largest metropolis in India . Being one of the largest cantonments in India, Secunderabad has a large presence of army and air force personnel. Secunderabad also has a large number of lakes, with the northern part of the Hussain Sagar Lake being a part of the city and Fox Sagar Lake being the largest lake in Secunderabad. The city also houses the famous Ramoji Film City . Following
3293-541: The 1890s as a subaltern in the British Army. Sir Ronald Ross conducted his initial research on the cause of malaria in the city of Secunderabad. The original building is today called the Sir Ronald Ross Institute and is located on Minister Road. Secunderabad Municipality was first formed in 1945. Later in 1950, along with Hyderabad Municipality, it was upgraded to Secunderabad Municipal Corporation under
3382-510: The 2011 census report, males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Secunderabad had an average literacy rate of 73%, male literacy was 78%, and female literacy was 68%. 11% of the population was under 6 years of age. The city has a sizable population of Anglo-Indians , who mainly resided in the South Lallaguda area of Secunderabad which was popularly known as Little England. Many Anglo-Indians have emigrated to other countries in
3471-461: The Bill, or that they withhold assent from it. As a third option, they can return a bill to parliament, if it is not a money bill , for reconsideration. President may be of the view that a particular bill passed under the legislative powers of parliament is violating the constitution, they can send back the bill with their recommendation to pass the bill under the constituent powers of parliament following
3560-426: The British army in the cantonment and civilians in the cantonment area (areas now under Marredpally, Bowenpally and Tirumalgherry) were taken from Picket Lake (also known as Picket Tank), and from a few other water bodies. Picket Lake was located at the entrance of the cantonment. Picket Lake was connected to Hussainsagar through a channel. Gradually over the years, the channel turned into a municipal drain. The lake
3649-600: The British on 15 August 1947 , initially as a dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations with George VI as king, represented in the country by a governor-general . Following independence, the Constituent Assembly of India , under the leadership of B. R. Ambedkar , undertook the process of drafting a completely new constitution for the country. The Constitution of India was eventually enacted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, making India
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3738-514: The British. The popular Secunderabad Club was established in 1878, at a country house gifted by Salar Jung I . Secunderabad has a more laid-back atmosphere because it is mainly a residential area with fewer government offices and corporate establishments. On 16 January 2022, a massive fire engulfed most of the Secunderabad Club , destroying many iconic structures. The club is also one of the oldest clubs in India. Many outdoor events such as
3827-999: The Hyderabad Corporation Act, 1950. In 1960, by the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act of 1955, Secunderabad Municipal Corporation was merged with Hyderabad Corporation to form a single municipal corporation. Today Secunderabad is part of the Hyderabad district . Post-Independence, the Secunderabad Cantonment Board came under the jurisdiction of the Indian Armed forces. Consequently, large military units were established. The popular neighbourhoods in Secunderabad are Tarnaka , Paradise Circle, Trimulgherry , Jawaharnagar colony, Marredpally , Jeera, General Bazar, Sitaphalmandi , Kharkhana , Ranigunj , Yapral, Kowkur and New Bhoiguda. Begumpet Airport
3916-503: The Indian Union has no power to do so, so long as his Ministers command a majority in Parliament As per Article 53 , the executive power of the country is vested in the president and is exercised by the president either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the constitution. When parliament thinks fit it may accord additional executive powers to the president per Article 70 which may be further delegated by
4005-702: The King under the English Constitution. He is the head of the state but not of the Executive. He represents the Nation but does not rule the Nation. He is the symbol of the Nation. His place in the administration is that of a ceremonial device on a seal by which the nation's decisions are made known. The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India as made part of their oath (Article 60 of Indian constitution). The president
4094-475: The Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952, a candidate to be nominated for the office of president needs 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders for their name to appear on the ballot . Article 56(1) of the constitution provides that the president shall hold office for a term of five years, from the date on which they enter their office. According to Article 62, an election to fill
4183-531: The Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended ( Article 21 ). The president can make laws on the 66 subjects of the State List (which contains subjects on which the state governments can make laws). Also, all money bills are referred to the president for approval. The term of the Lok Sabha can be extended by a period of up to one year, but not so as to extend the term of parliament beyond six months after
4272-621: The Secunderabad Gymkhana Club, and the United Services Club. The club moved to its current location in March 1903. During the late 19th century, the name of Garrison Club was changed to United Services Club representing the membership from all parts of the services. The Club was no longer an army club and it served all the services represented by the British. Until 1947, the club only Britishers were allowed to be its president and
4361-520: The Union government. However, the Union government can insist on compliance with its loan terms when a state has an outstanding loan charged to the consolidated fund of India or an outstanding loan in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India under the liability of consolidated fund of India. Under article 360 of the constitution, the president can proclaim a financial emergency when
4450-612: The capital of the Nizams ' princely state of Hyderabad . Since 1956, the city has housed the Rashtrapati Nilayam , the winter office of the president of India . It is also the headquarters of the 54th Infantry Division of the Indian Army . Geographically divided from Hyderabad by the Hussain Sagar lake, Secunderabad is no longer a separate municipal unit and has become part of Hyderabad's Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. Both cities are collectively known as Hyderabad and together form
4539-410: The chapter, “Colours of the rainbow”. Due to the presence of communities such as Parsis and Anglo-Indians alongside British and native inhabitants, Secunderabad was historically a cosmopolitan city. Secunderabad used to be referred to by the locals as Lashkar , meaning the army and the city's culture reflected the same. Secunderabad was a liberal city compared to Hyderabad due to the presence of
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#17328545570444628-418: The chief justice. The President may dismiss a judge with a two-thirds vote of the two Houses of the parliament. The Indian government's chief legal adviser, Attorney-General for India , is appointed by the president of India under Article 76(1) and holds office during the pleasure of the president. If the president considers a question of law or a matter of public importance has arisen, they can also ask for
4717-459: The city are 50 km/h (31 mph) for two-wheelers and cars, 35 km/h (22 mph) for auto rickshaws and 40 km/h (25 mph) for light commercial vehicles and buses. The nearest airport is Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad , Begumpet Airport having closed in 2008. TSRTC Buses are run from Secunderabad to RGIA . Schools in Secunderabad, similar to other schools in Hyderabad and other parts of Telangana follow
4806-411: The constitution (Article 60), who has pre-emptive power for ensuring constitutionality in the actions of the executive or legislature. The role of the judiciary in upholding the Constitution of India is the second line of defence in nullifying any unconstitutional actions of the executive and legislative entities of the Indian Union. Under the draft constitution the President occupies the same position as
4895-404: The constitution to re-promulgate president's rule in a state when the earlier promulgation ceased to operate for want of parliaments approval within two months duration. During 2014 in Andhra Pradesh, president's rule was first imposed on 1 March 2014 and it ceased to operate on 30 April 2014. President's rule was promulgated after being fully aware that the earliest parliament session is feasible at
4984-405: The control of any of the said Governments. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates. These are: In the event that the vice president, a state governor or a minister is elected president, they are considered to have vacated their previous office on the date they begin serving as president. A member of parliament or a State Legislature can seek election to
5073-446: The cosmopolitan culture of the city. Many mosques can be found in Secunderabad, serving the Muslim population of the city. The culture of Secunderabad is distinctly different from that of Hyderabad 's Nawabi culture. Some of the popular cinemas in Secunderabad were Sangeet, Tivoli, Anand, Natraj, Ajanta etc. These cinemas were also popular landmarks in the city. However, most of these cinemas are either closed or transformed. Sangeet
5162-428: The court of law. Legislative power is constitutionally vested in the Parliament of India of which the president is the head, to facilitate the lawmaking process per the constitution (Article 78, Article 86, etc.). The president summons both the houses ( Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha ) of the parliament and prorogues them. They can dissolve the Lok Sabha . The president inaugurates parliament by addressing it after
5251-408: The dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, the areas around the present-day Hyderabad and Secunderabad came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty (1158–1310), whose seat of power was at Warangal , 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad. In 1310, the area of present-day Hyderabad and Secunderabad came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate after
5340-410: The end of May 2014 after the general elections. It was reimposed again unconstitutionally on 28 April 2014 by the president. Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending the financial resources available with the states for public purposes. Article 293 gives liberty to states to borrow without any limit to its ability for its requirements within the territory of India without any consent from
5429-400: The end of the declared emergency. National Emergency has been proclaimed 3 times in India to date. It was declared first in 1962 by President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan , during the Sino-Indian War . This emergency lasted through the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and up to 1968. It was revoked in 1968. The second emergency in India was proclaimed in 1971 by President V. V. Giri on the eve of
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#17328545570445518-425: The entire building was on fire. Initial attempts by some club staff to put out the fire did not help with the liquor stores of the club also catching fire. 17°27′10″N 78°29′52″E / 17.45265°N 78.49780°E / 17.45265; 78.49780 Secunderabad Secunderabad is a twin city of Hyderabad and one of the six zones of the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) in
5607-431: The financial stability or credit of the nation or any part of its territory is threatened. However, until now no guidelines defining the situation of financial emergency in the entire country or a state or union territory or a panchayat or a municipality or a corporation have been framed either by the finance commission or by the central government. Such an emergency must be approved by the parliament within two months by
5696-425: The general elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year per Article 87(1). The presidential address on these occasions is generally meant to outline the new policies of the government . All bills passed by the parliament can become laws only after receiving the assent of the president per Article 111 . After a bill is presented to them, the president shall declare either that they assent to
5785-419: The law are inadequate. Re-promulgation of an ordinance after failing to get approval within the stipulated time of both houses of parliament is an unconstitutional act by the president. The president should not incorporate any matter in an ordinance which violates the constitution or requires an amendment to the constitution. The president should take moral responsibility when an ordinance elapses automatically or
5874-452: The monsoon months from June to September. Winter lasts for only about 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 months, during which the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F) in December and January. May is the hottest month, with average daily lows of 26 °C (79 °F) and highs of 38.8 °C (102 °F). January is the coldest month with average lows of 14.7 °C (58 °F) and highs of 28.6 °C (83 °F). As per
5963-429: The office of the president but if they are elected as president, they shall be deemed to have vacated their seat in parliament or State Legislature on the date on which they enter upon their office as President [Article 59(1)] . Article 57 provides that a person who holds, or who has held, office as president shall, subject to the other provisions of this constitution, be eligible for re-election to that office. Under
6052-411: The officers from the Indian Foreign Service . The president is the first citizen of the country. The president is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces . Only the president can declare war or conclude peace, on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the prime minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the president's name. As mentioned in Article 72 of
6141-528: The other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the prime minister. The Council of Ministers remains in power at the 'pleasure' of the president. The president appoints 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as literature, science, art and social service. The president may nominate not more than two members of Anglo Indian community as Lok Sabha members per Article 331 , which
6230-454: The president as the upholder of the constitution shall be satisfied that immediate action is mandatory as advised by the union cabinet and they are confident that the government commands majority support in the parliament needed for the passing of the ordinance into an act and parliament can be summoned to deliberate on the passing of the ordinance as soon as possible. The promulgated ordinance is treated as an act of parliament when in force and it
6319-417: The president can exercise their powers directly or by subordinate authority, though all of the executive powers vested in the president are, in practice, exercised by the prime minister heading the Council of Ministers . The president is bound by the constitution to act on the advice of the council and to enforce the decrees passed by the Supreme Court under article 142. India achieved independence from
6408-401: The president can promulgate ordinances that have the same force and effect as an act passed by parliament under its legislative powers. These are in the nature of interim or temporary legislation and their continuance is subject to parliamentary approval. Ordinances remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the parliament is convened unless approved by it earlier. Under Article 123 ,
6497-485: The president the responsibility and authority to defend and protect the Constitution of India and its rule of law. Invariably, any action taken by the executive or legislature entities of the constitution shall become law only after the president's assent. The president shall not accept any actions of the executive or legislature which are unconstitutional. The president is the foremost, most empowered and prompt defender of
6586-474: The president to the governors of states per Article 160 . Union cabinet with prime minister as its head, should aid and advise the president in performing their functions. Per Article 74 (2) , the council of ministers or prime minister are not accountable legally to the advice tendered to the president but it is the sole responsibility of the president to ensure compliance with the constitution in performing their duties. President or their subordinate officers
6675-461: The president. However, in practice, such negotiations are usually carried out by the prime minister along with their Cabinet (especially the Minister of External Affairs ). Also, such treaties are subject to the approval of the parliament. The president represents India in international forums and affairs where such a function is chiefly ceremonial. The president may also send and receive diplomats, i.e.
6764-552: The president. The Legislative Assembly can be dissolved or may remain in suspended animation. The parliament makes laws on the 66 subjects of the state list (see National emergency for explanation). A State Emergency can be imposed via the following: This type of emergency needs the approval of the parliament within 2 months. It can last up to a maximum of three years via extensions after each 6-month period. However, after one year it can be extended only if The Sarkaria Commission held that presidents have unconstitutionally misused
6853-450: The provision of Article 356 many times for achieving political motives, by dismissing the state governments although there was no constitutional break down in the states. During 2005, President's rule was imposed in Bihar state, misusing Article 356 unconstitutionally to prevent the democratically elected state legislators to form a government after the state elections. There is no provision in
6942-442: The state to observe certain principles (economy measures) relating to financial matters. Article 58 of the constitution sets the principal qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of the president. A president must be: A person shall not be eligible for election as president if they hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or any local or other authority subject to
7031-568: The village of Ulwul , north-east of Hussain Sagar , the lake that separates Secunderabad from its twin city Hyderabad. In 1803, Nizam Sikandar Jah , the third Nizam of Hyderabad, changed Ulwul's name to Secunderabad after himself. The city was formed in 1806, after the order was signed by the Nizam allotting the land north of Hussain Sagar to set up the British Cantonment. The drinking water needs of
7120-425: The whole of India or a part of its territory for causes of war or armed rebellion or an external aggression. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 ( Indo-China war ), 1971 ( Indo-Pakistan war ), and 1975 to 1977 (declared by Indira Gandhi ). Under Article 352 of the India constitution, the president can declare such an emergency only on the basis of a written request by the cabinet of ministers headed by
7209-563: Was a popular cinema theatre that screened only American movies. Plaza Cinema was the only theatre in India where viewers could sip a beer while watching a movie. ITC , Infosys , Intergraph , and Coromandel International are some of the major private companies that have their offices in Secunderabad. Being the headquarters of South Central Railway , Secunderabad is a major centre for railway activity. Industrial areas such as Bolarum , Moula-Ali , Nacharam , Ghatkesar , Uppal , etc. are in Secunderabad. Secunderabad Cantonment Board houses
7298-467: Was created when India became a republic on 26 January 1950 when its constitution came into force. The president is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising both houses of the Parliament of India and the legislative assemblies of each of India's states and territories , who themselves are all directly elected by the citizens. Article 53 of the Constitution of India states that
7387-587: Was elected as the President of the Club in 1948. The club used to have a Golf course at Bolarum and a Sailing Club as annexes to the Main Club which was nearly 21 acres (85,000 m) in area. The Golf Club was eventually taken over by the Indian Army in 1983 after the expiry of the lease period. The Sailing Annexe is located at Hussain Sagar lake and is one of the oldest sailing clubs in India. The Hyderabad Sailing Week
7476-399: Was first formed in 1945. Later in 1950, along with Hyderabad Municipality, it was upgraded to Secunderabad Municipal Corporation under the Hyderabad Corporation Act of 1950. In 1960, by the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act of 1955, Secunderabad Municipal Corporation was merged with Hyderabad Corporation to form a single Municipal Corporation. During Nizam's period, Secunderabad Cantonment
7565-542: Was gradually encroached upon and later a bus station was built in its location. The twin cities are separated by the man-made Hussain Sagar lake, which was built during the reign of the Qutb Shahi dynasty in the 16th century. Unlike Hyderabad , the official language of Secunderabad was English. Secunderabad was exempted from customs duty on imported goods, thus making trade very profitable. Various new markets such as Regimental Bazaar and General Bazaar were created. After
7654-425: Was removed in 2019. Governors of states are also appointed by the president who shall work at the pleasure of the president. Per Article 156 , the president is empowered to dismiss a governor who has violated the constitution in their acts. The president is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. These include: All international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of
7743-464: Was renamed as the United Services Club and in 1903 it was subsequently renamed as Secunderabad Club. The Main Club house was given a heritage status in 2017. The earliest records state that this Club was formed by the British Army Garrisons that were stationed in Secunderabad under an agreement with the 3rd Nizam - Sikandar Jah . The club was earlier known as Secunderabad Garrison Club,
7832-527: Was the Nawab of Arcot . The area around Secunderabad changed hands among various rulers, and the area was part of Nizam's Hyderabad by the 18th century. Modern Secunderabad was founded as a British cantonment after Nizam Asaf Jah II was defeated by the British East India Company . He was then forced to sign the 1798 Treaty of Subsidiary Alliance to get the favour of British troops camped in
7921-556: Was under the control of the British Raj . Today those areas, and most parts of Secunderabad where defence installations are located, are under the purview of Secunderabad Cantonment Board . There are eight civilian wards in Secunderabad Cantonment Board, with a population of four lakh. The Secunderabad Municipality office which was located on Sardar Patel Road is to be demolished for the metro rail project. The new office
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