111-432: The Eglinton East LRT (EELRT), also known as Line 7 Eglinton East and formerly known as the Scarborough Malvern LRT , is a proposed light rail line in Toronto , Ontario, Canada. The line would be entirely within the district of Scarborough . It was originally part of Transit City , a 2007 plan to develop new light rail lines along several priority transit corridors in the city. Unlike Line 5 Eglinton , which
222-724: A "light rail" vehicle (it is a heavy rail vehicle), and is only included for comparison purposes. Low-floor LRVs have the advantage of a low-floor design, allowing them to load passengers directly from low-rise platforms that can be little more than raised curbs. High-floor light rail systems also exist, featuring larger stations. Historically, the track gauge has had considerable variations, with narrow gauge common in many early systems. However, most light rail systems are now standard gauge . Older standard-gauge vehicles could not negotiate sharp turns as easily as narrow-gauge ones, but modern light rail systems achieve tighter turning radii by using articulated cars . An important advantage of
333-468: A "model community" of affordable homes. The first residents of this modern day Malvern community moved into their homes in 1972. The Malvern community has attempted to improve following Project Impact , in which hundreds of police officers from the Greater Toronto Area cracked down on known associates of the "Malvern Crew" street gang, in early morning raids across the city on May 12, 2004. During
444-458: A bus, there will be even more capacity when there is a combination of cars and light rail. Table 3 shows an example of peak passenger capacity. The cost of light rail construction varies widely, largely depending on the amount of tunneling and elevated structures required. A survey of North American light rail projects shows that costs of most LRT systems range from $ 15 million to over $ 100 million per mile. Seattle's new light rail system
555-403: A chaotic breakdown inflow and a dramatic drop in speed (a traffic jam ) if they exceed about 2,000 vehicles per hour per lane (each car roughly two seconds behind another). Since most people who drive to work or on business trips do so alone, studies show that the average car occupancy on many roads carrying commuters is only about 1.5 people per car during the high-demand rush hour periods of
666-1102: A common right-of-way (however, Link converted to full separation in 2019). Some systems, such as the AirTrain JFK in New York City, the DLR in London, and Kelana Jaya Line in Kuala Lumpur , have dispensed with the need for an operator. The Vancouver SkyTrain was an early adopter of driverless vehicles, while the Toronto Scarborough rapid transit operated the same trains as Vancouver, but used drivers. In most discussions and comparisons, these specialized systems are generally not considered light rail but as light metro systems. Around Karlsruhe , Kassel , and Saarbrücken in Germany, dual-voltage light rail trains partly use mainline railroad tracks, sharing these tracks with heavy rail trains. In
777-416: A light rail train may have three to four cars of much larger capacity in one train under the control of one driver, or no driver at all in fully automated systems, increasing the labor costs of BRT systems compared to LRT systems. BRT systems are also usually less fuel-efficient as they use non-electrified vehicles. The peak passenger capacity per lane per hour depends on which types of vehicles are allowed on
888-435: A live rail. In outer areas, the trams switch to conventional overhead wires . The Bordeaux power system costs about three times as much as a conventional overhead wire system and took 24 months to achieve acceptable levels of reliability, requiring the replacement of all the main cables and power supplies. Operating and maintenance costs of the innovative power system still remain high. However, despite numerous service outages,
999-536: A longer distance. Light rail cars are often coupled into multiple units of two to four cars. Light rail systems may also exhibit attributes of heavy rail systems, including having downtown subways, as in San Francisco and Seattle . Light rail is designed to address a gap in interurban transportation between heavy rail and bus services, carrying high passenger numbers more quickly than local buses and more cheaply than heavy rail. It serves corridors in which heavy rail
1110-631: A more diverse range of design characteristics than LRT, depending on the demand and constraints that exist, and BRT using dedicated lanes can have a theoretical capacity of over 30,000 passengers per hour per direction (for example, the Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit system operates up to 350 buses per hour per direction). For the effective operation of a bus or BRT system, buses must have priority at traffic lights and have their dedicated lanes, especially as bus frequencies exceed 30 buses per hour per direction. The higher theoretical of BRT relates to
1221-772: A plan for Toronto rapid transit that included the Eglinton West LRT (a westward extension of Line 5 Eglinton), the Scarborough Subway Extension of Line 2, the Yonge North Extension of Line 1 and the Ontario Line . The Eglinton East LRT was noticeably not included and was left off the accompanying map. By October 2020, the City of Toronto and the TTC were in the process of implementing bus-only lanes from Kennedy station to
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#17328510519081332-533: A request by city council to add an extra stop at Morningside Park because of the steep slope along Morningside Avenue at the park entrance. The EELRT line would run for 18 kilometres (11 mi), with 27 new proposed stops between Kennedy station and two termini, one at Sheppard Avenue East and McCowan Road and the other at Malvern Town Centre . The southern terminus of the line would be at Kennedy station at Kennedy Road and Eglinton Avenue , with connections to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth , Line 5 Eglinton , and
1443-407: A result, has many of the operating characteristics of a metro system rather than a light rail system. A capacity of 1,350 passengers per train is more similar to the heavy rail than light rail. Bus rapid transit (BRT) is an alternative to LRT and many planning studies undertake a comparison of each mode when considering appropriate investments in transit corridor development. BRT systems can exhibit
1554-709: A semi-exclusive right-of-way. Trains would operate every four to five minutes during peak periods. The EELRT would operate as three branches: There would also be a short non-revenue branch on Sheppard Avenue from Morningside Avenue east to Conlins Road to provide access to a proposed maintenance and storage facility. There would be 27 stops spaced 400 metres (1,300 ft) to 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) apart for an average of 670 metres (2,200 ft). All LRT platforms are 50 metres (160 ft) long. Unless otherwise noted below, all centre platforms are 15.5 metres (51 ft) wide, and all side platforms are 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide. With far-side platforms, an LRT train must cross
1665-420: A signalized intersection to reach the platform. Parallel platforms are two side platforms that face each other. The proposed stops from north to south would be: Light rail Light rail (or light rail transit , abbreviated to LRT ) is a form of passenger urban rail transit that uses rolling stock derived from tram technology while also having some features from heavy rapid transit . The term
1776-593: A through-service connection at Kennedy station was not feasible as an EELRT tunnel would be only 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) above the SSE tunnel at Kennedy station, and the SSE tunnel structure would not be strong enough to safely support an EELRT tunnel above it. Thus, city staff proposed a "distinct-service concept" for the EELRT. Doing so would result in lower construction costs, a shorter construction period, fewer private property impacts and design flexibility. With this flexibility,
1887-530: A top speed of 55–71.5 miles per hour (88.51–115.1 km/h) depending on the system, while the trains on the all-underground Montreal Metro can only reach a top speed of 72 kilometres per hour (44.74 mph). LACMTA light rail vehicles have higher top and average speeds than Montreal Metro or New York City Subway trains. Many light rail systems—even fairly old ones—have a combination of both on- and off-road sections. In some countries (especially in Europe), only
1998-474: A tramway, a light metro, and, in a narrow sense, rapid transit. This is especially common in the United States, where there is not a popularly perceived distinction between these different types of urban rail systems. The development of technology for low-floor and catenary-free trams facilitates the construction of such mixed systems with only short and shallow underground sections below critical intersections as
2109-411: Is a Metrolinx project, the EELRT is a City of Toronto project. As of 2022, the plan was that the EELRT be designed and operated as a distinct service from Line 5 Eglinton; both would terminate at Kennedy station with no connecting track. As of November 2023, the estimated cost of the EELRT was $ 4.65 billion, with construction expected to occur between 2027 and 2034. The Scarborough Malvern LRT
2220-462: Is a generic international English phrase for types of rail systems using modern streetcars/trams, which means more or less the same thing throughout the English-speaking world . Light rail systems can range from trams runnig in streets along with other traffic, to semi-metro systems having portions of grade separated track. People movers are even "lighter", in terms of capacity. Monorail
2331-565: Is a separate technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. The use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English . The word tram , for instance, is generally used in the UK and many former British colonies to refer to what is known in North America as a streetcar , but in North America tram can instead refer to an aerial tramway , or, in
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#17328510519082442-602: Is a significant amount of overlap between the technologies; similar rolling stock may be used for either, and it is common to classify streetcars or trams as a subcategory of light rail rather than as a distinct type of transportation. However, some distinctions can be made, though systems may combine elements of both. Low-floor light rail lines tend to follow a reserved right-of-way and with trains receiving priority at intersections, and tend not to operate in mixed traffic, enabling higher operating speeds. Light rail lines tend to have less frequent stops than tramways, and operate over
2553-560: Is by far the most expensive in the US, at $ 179 million per mile, since it includes extensive tunneling in poor soil conditions, elevated sections, and stations as deep as 180 feet (55 m) below ground level. This results in costs more typical of subways or rapid transit systems than light rail. At the other end of the scale, four systems (Baltimore, Maryland; Camden, New Jersey; Sacramento, California; and Salt Lake City, Utah) incurred construction costs of less than $ 20 million per mile. Over
2664-426: Is especially important for wheelchair access, as narrower gauges (e.g. metre gauge) can make it challenging or impossible to pass the tram's wheels. Furthermore, standard-gauge rolling stock can be switched between networks either temporarily or permanently, and both newly built and used standard-gauge rolling stock tends to be cheaper to buy, as more companies offer such vehicles. Overhead lines supply electricity to
2775-498: Is expensive. Similarly, the most expensive US highway expansion project was the " Big Dig " in Boston, Massachusetts, which cost $ 200 million per lane mile for a total cost of $ 14.6 billion. A light rail track can carry up to 20,000 people per hour as compared with 2,000–2,200 vehicles per hour for one freeway lane. For example, in Boston and San Francisco, light rail lines carry 9,600 and 13,100 passengers per hour, respectively, in
2886-575: Is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail. A system described as a light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called "light rail" are very similar to rapid transit ; in recent years, new terms such as light metro have been used to describe these medium-capacity systems. Some "light rail" systems, such as Sprinter , bear little similarity to urban rail, and could alternatively be classified as commuter rail or even inter-city rail. In
2997-549: Is impractical. Light metro systems are essentially hybrids of light rail and rapid transit. Metro trains are larger and faster than light rail trains, with stops being further apart. Many systems have mixed characteristics. Indeed, with proper engineering, a rail line could run along a street, then go underground, and then run along an elevated viaduct. For example, the Los Angeles Metro Rail 's A Line "light rail" has sections that could alternatively be described as
3108-480: Is one of the highest capacity ones, having been upgraded in a series of expansions to handle 40,000 passengers per hour per direction, and having carried as many as 582,989 passengers in a single day on its Line 1 . It achieves this volume by running four-car trains with a capacity of up to 1,350 passengers each at a frequency of up to 30 trains per hour. However, the Manila light rail system has full grade separation and as
3219-407: Is similar to that of a traditional tram, while operating at a higher capacity and speed, often on an exclusive right-of-way. In broader use, it includes tram-like operations mostly on streets. A few light rail networks have characteristics closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail , yet only when these systems are fully grade-separated are they referred to as light metros . The term light rail
3330-625: The Bloor–Danforth line (either along the current Scarborough RT route, or along a different alignment directly to Scarborough Centre ) was not considered cost-effective or justifiable. On June 15, 2007, the Ontario government had released MoveOntario 2020 , a plan that would fund 52 different transit projects throughout Toronto and Hamilton for the cost of $ 17.5 billion, including the Scarborough RT extension to Sheppard Avenue , which would meet
3441-535: The Cádiz TramBahia , where trams share track with commuter and long-distance trains from the main terminus in the city and curve off to serve cities without a railway connection. Some of the issues involved in such schemes are: There is a history of what would now be considered light rail vehicles operating on heavy rail rapid transit tracks in the US, especially in the case of interurban streetcars . Notable examples are Lehigh Valley Transit trains running on
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3552-483: The Line 4 Sheppard subway). The extension was expected to serve "neighbourhood improvement areas" (often low-income areas) such as Eglinton East , Scarborough Junction , Morningside , Scarborough Village and West Hill . In November 2017, the project was mostly unfunded, with the cost estimated at $ 1.6 to $ 1.7 billion, with an estimated completion date of 2023. At a November 2017 public meeting, city staff presented
3663-735: The London Underground and the New York City Subway . Conventional rail technologies including high-speed , freight, commuter , and rapid transit urban transit systems are considered "heavy rail". The main difference between light rail and heavy rail rapid transit is the ability for a light rail vehicle to operate in mixed traffic if the routing requires it. The world's first electric tram operated in Sestroretsk near Saint Petersburg , Russia , invented and operated on an experimental basis by Fyodor Pirotsky in 1880. The first tramway
3774-624: The Netherlands , this concept was first applied on the RijnGouweLijn . This allows commuters to ride directly into the city center, rather than taking a mainline train only as far as a central station and then having to change to a tram. In France, similar tram-trains are planned for Paris, Mulhouse , and Strasbourg ; further projects exist. In some cases, tram trains use previously abandoned or lightly used heavy rail lines in addition to or instead of still in use mainline tracks. In 2022, Spain opened
3885-831: The O-Train Trillium Line in Ottawa, Ontario , Canada, the River Line in New Jersey , United States, and the Sprinter in California , United States, which use diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars. Light rail is different from the British English term light railway , long-used to distinguish railway operations carried out under a less rigorous set of regulations using lighter equipment at lower speeds from mainline railways. Light rail
3996-673: The Philadelphia and Western Railroad high-speed third rail line (now the Norristown High-Speed Line ). Such arrangements are almost impossible now, due to the Federal Railroad Administration refusing (for crash safety reasons) to allow non-FRA compliant railcars (i.e., subway and light rail vehicles) to run on the same tracks at the same times as compliant railcars, which includes locomotives and standard railroad passenger and freight equipment. Notable exceptions in
4107-627: The Scarborough line, but lack of government funding prevented any extension of the line. In August 2006, city councillors representing Scarborough rallied for the expansion of the Scarborough line, or its possible light rail replacement, to the Malvern community. Back in 2012, the TTC considered extending the RT from McCowan to Malvern Town Centre. They have also made a motion that the current study should include
4218-555: The Sewells Road Bridge is a bridge over the Rouge River , in the northeast of Malvern. Malvern is served by several Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) bus routes (39 Finch East, 85 Sheppard East, 102 Markham Rd, 116 Morningside, 131 Nugget, 132 Milner, 133 Neilson, 134 Progress, 902 Markham Rd Express, 939C Finch Express, and 985B Sheppard East Express). In the 1980s, there was a plan to bring rapid transit to Malvern by extending
4329-612: The Stouffville GO Line . The EELRT platform would be located on the east side of the Stouffville line and on the south side of Eglinton Avenue within its own off-street, ground-level station building. There would be a pedestrian tunnel connecting the EELRT station to the Line 5 concourse. From Kennedy station, the line would enter a reserved centre median on Eglinton Avenue before crossing Midland Avenue. Running east on Eglinton Avenue East,
4440-677: The University of Toronto Scarborough campus. On 20 January 2016, Toronto City Council approved revisions to the Scarborough subway plan that would include reviving much of the original plan for the Scarborough Malvern LRT as a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) eastern extension of Line 5 Eglinton to University of Toronto Scarborough, rebranded as "Crosstown East", and later renamed "Eglinton East" in 2017. The extension would add 18 new stops east of Kennedy station and serve an estimated 43,400 additional riders per day (a ridership similar to that of
4551-530: The medians of roads . If run in streets , trains are usually limited by city block lengths to about four 180-passenger vehicles (720 passengers). Operating on two-minute headways using traffic signal progression, a well-designed two-track system can handle up to 30 trains per hour per track, achieving peak rates of over 20,000 passengers per hour in each direction. More advanced systems with separate rights-of-way using moving block signaling can exceed 25,000 passengers per hour per track. Most light rail systems in
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4662-619: The 1970s was proven to have been a technical failure by the following decade. After World War II, the Germans retained many of their streetcar networks and evolved them into model light rail systems ( Stadtbahnen ). With the exception of Hamburg , all large and most medium-sized German cities maintain light rail networks. The concept of a "limited tramway" was proposed by American transport planner H. Dean Quinby in 1962. Quinby distinguished this new concept in rail transportation from historic streetcar or tram systems as: The term light rail transit
4773-503: The City of Toronto announced changes to the Eglinton East LRT proposal. The tunnel portal at Kennedy station would be extended eastwards to Huntington Avenue due to changes in the Scarborough Subway Extension project, which involved modifying the depth of the tunnel as well as adding a third subway track for service improvements. A station at Midland Avenue was moved underground as a result. A new maintenance and storage facility north of
4884-473: The EELRT would not need to conform to Line 5's technology, operations, and maintenance requirements. The city could choose another type of light-rail vehicle and would use the Conlins Yard as the line's maintenance and storage facility. Previously considered tunnels between Kennedy station and Midland Avenue and under Kingston Road would be replaced by surface alignments. The line could also be extended farther to
4995-526: The EELRT would pass Eglinton GO Station while continuing to Kingston Road . Just west of the Eglinton/Kingston stop, there would be a turnback and train storage track. Turning northeast on Kingston Road, the line would pass Guildwood GO Station . Between the Lawrence and Kingston/Morningside stops, there would be a storage track. The line would turn north on Morningside Avenue . Along Morningside Avenue,
5106-491: The French city of Bordeaux , the tramway network is powered by a third rail in the city center, where the tracks are not always segregated from pedestrians and cars. The third rail (actually two closely spaced rails) is placed in the middle of the track and divided into eight-metre sections, each of which is powered only while it is completely covered by a tram. This minimizes the risk of a person or animal coming into contact with
5217-638: The Kingston/Lawrence and Morningside area. In December 2020, the council directed staff to study the entire original route to Malvern Town Centre and begin a high-level design. Since the province had agreed to fully fund the Scarborough Subway Extension , Mayor John Tory requested in 2021 that the $ 1.2 billion the city had accumulated for that project be redirected to the Eglinton East line. By 2022, city planning staff had concluded
5328-644: The Malvern Community by engaging, empowering, and connecting community, organizations and institutions. Two public school boards operate schools in Malvern, the separate Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and the secular Toronto District School Board (TDSB). Both TCDSB and TDSB operate one public secondary school in the neighbourhood. TCDSB operates St. Mother Teresa Catholic Academy , while TDSB operates Lester B. Pearson Collegiate Institute . In addition to secondary schools, both school boards operate several public elementary schools in
5439-540: The Malvern area, built in 1872 stood on 1-acre (4,000 m ) of land purchased from George Pearson, is still standing today at 5810 Finch Avenue East. The building is presently used by a private school , Whitefield Christian Academy. Several major roadways are located in Malvern. The neighbourhood is bounded to the south by Highway 401 is a major east-west controlled access highway that passes through Greater Toronto . Several other major roadways include Morningside Avenue and Sheppard Avenue . Located on Sewells Road,
5550-478: The Malvern. They include: The French- first language public secular school board, Conseil scolaire Viamonde , and it separate counterpart, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir also offer schooling to applicable residents of Malvern, although they do not operate a school in the neighbourhood, with CSCM/CSV students attending schools situated in other neighbourhoods in Toronto. The former S.S. #3 Schoolhouse, serving
5661-417: The Scarborough Malvern LRT. The project was renamed the Eglinton East LRT. Until 2021, the city considered making the EELRT an eastward extension of Line 5 Eglinton. In 2016, to complement the Scarborough Subway Extension (SSE), the planned extension of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth to Scarborough Town Centre , the City of Toronto drafted a plan to extend Line 5 Eglinton farther east into Scarborough to terminate at
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#17328510519085772-474: The Scarborough campus were asked to contribute $ 30 million towards the construction of an Olympic class pool on their campus, which would first be used for competitions during the 2015 Pan American Games , they were promised two LRT lines would be brought to campus. The Varsity reported that the students had held up their part of the bargain and resented that the city dropped plans to build the LRT lines. In May 2023,
5883-642: The US are the NJ Transit River Line from Camden to Trenton and Austin's Capital MetroRail , which have received exemptions to the provision that light rail operations occur only during daytime hours and Conrail freight service only at night, with several hours separating one operation from the other. The O-Train Trillium Line in Ottawa also has freight service at certain hours. With its mix of right-of-way types and train control technologies, LRT offers
5994-455: The US as a whole, excluding Seattle, new light rail construction costs average about $ 35 million per mile. By comparison, a freeway lane expansion typically costs $ 1.0 million to $ 8.5 million per lane mile for two directions, with an average of $ 2.3 million. However, freeways are frequently built in suburbs or rural areas, whereas light rail tends to be concentrated in urban areas, where right of way and property acquisition
6105-535: The UTSC stop with the southbound platform on Ellesmere Road and the northbound platform on New Military Trail, and the Pan Am Sports Centre stop on the south side of its namesake. There are plans for a new bus terminal and connections to the planned Durham–Scarborough bus rapid transit . After leaving UTSC, the line would continue north until Sheppard Avenue, where the Scarborough Malvern LRT would have originally met
6216-634: The United States and in North America . In Britain, modern light rail systems began to appear in the 1980s, starting with the Tyne and Wear Metro from 1980 and followed by the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in London in 1987, continuing into the 1990s including the establishment of the Manchester Metrolink in 1992 and the Sheffield Supertram from 1994. Due to varying definitions, it
6327-583: The United States are limited by demand rather than capacity (by and large, most American LRT systems carry fewer than 4,000 persons per hour per direction), but Boston's and San Francisco's light rail lines carry 9,600 and 13,100 passengers per hour per track during rush hour. Elsewhere in North America, the Calgary C-Train and Monterrey Metro have higher light rail ridership than Boston or San Francisco. Systems outside North America often have much higher passenger volumes. The Manila Light Rail Transit System
6438-472: The United States, "light rail" has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. Light rail corridors may constitute a fully segregated corridor, a dedicated right-of-way on a street, an on-street corridor shared with other traffic, a corridor shared with other public transport, or a corridor shared with pedestrians. The most difficult distinction to draw is that between low-floor light rail and streetcar or tram systems. There
6549-750: The University of Toronto Scarborough campus via Eglinton Avenue, Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue as part of the RapidTO bus rapid transit scheme, which approximates the route of the Eglinton East LRT. The lanes were anticipated to be fully installed and operational by that November. As well as "red carpet" bus lanes, bus stops were also consolidated to approximately the same configuration and frequency of proposed LRT stations, with certain lower-order curbside stops – such as those at Huntington Avenue, Brimley Road, Oswego/Barbados Roads and Torrance Avenue – being removed entirely. In December 2020,
6660-544: The University of Toronto Scarborough was added to the plan as a result of the Sheppard East LRT cancellation. Originally, both the Eglinton East LRT and the Sheppard East LRT were to have shared a maintenance and storage facility at Conlins Road east of Sheppard and Morningside. The other aspects of the project remained the same, including a tunnel under Kingston Road and Morningside Avenue due to traffic congestion at
6771-415: The ability of buses to travel closer to each other than rail vehicles and their ability to overtake each other at designated locations allowing express services to bypass those that have stopped at stations. However, to achieve capacities this high, BRT station footprints need to be significantly larger than a typical LRT station. In terms of cost of operation, each bus vehicle requires a single driver, whereas
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#17328510519086882-407: The addition of a station where the existing line crosses Brimley Road . The proposal is moot now as Line 3 Scarborough RT is scheduled to be torn down and replaced by the extension of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth . In 2006, a study was completed on the prospects of this line. It recommended upgrading the line to handle larger ART Mark II vehicles, at a cost of $ 360 million (2006 dollars). Extending
6993-577: The alignment of the cancelled Sheppard East LRT). The EELRT tracks would be located in centre-of-street reserved lanes. There would be four road lanes separate from the LRT lanes along Eglinton Avenue East, Kingston Road, Morningside Avenue (north of Ellesmere Road) and Sheppard Avenue. There would be two road lanes along Morningside Avenue (south of Ellesmere Road) and along Neilson Road. The EELRT would use trains 50 metres (160 ft) long or less and use its own distinct vehicles (i.e. different from those used on Line 5 Eglinton ) in order to better adapt to
7104-435: The cancelled Sheppard East LRT . The EELRT would then continue west on Sheppard Avenue to Neilson Road, where it would split into two branches. The first branch would travel north along Neilson Road and terminate at Malvern Town Centre . The second branch would proceed further west from Neilson Road along the alignment of the cancelled Sheppard East LRT to McCowan Road. There, this branch would connect with Line 2 again, where
7215-862: The case of the Disney amusement parks , even a land train . (The usual British term for an aerial tramway is cable car , which in the US usually refers to a ground-level car pulled along by subterranean cables .) The word trolley is often used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States but is usually taken to mean a cart, particularly a shopping cart, in the UK and elsewhere. Many North American transportation planners reserve streetcar for traditional vehicles that operate exclusively in mixed traffic on city streets, while they use light rail to refer to more modern vehicles operating mostly in exclusive rights of way, since they may operate both side-by-side targeted at different passenger groups. The difference between British English and American English terminology arose in
7326-550: The city decided to plan a stand-alone light-rail line running from Kennedy station to Malvern via Eglinton Avenue, Kingston Road, Morningside Avenue and Sheppard Avenue. The new line, dubbed the Eglinton East LRT , would mostly follow the route of the previously proposed but cancelled Scarborough Malvern LRT. The Scarborough Malvern LRT line, part of the TTC's Transit City plan, would run for 15 km, estimated to account for 14 million trips in 2021. The southern terminus of
7437-422: The city decided to resurrect the Scarborough Malvern LRT proposal but renaming it the Eglinton East LRT . Metrolinx is looking into an extension of Line 4 Sheppard to Meadowvale Road along Sheppard Avenue East. This extension would run through southern Malvern. Although Scarborough Town Centre is a short drive away, Malvern Town Centre provides some retail options and amenities to local residents. Built in
7548-421: The closure of Glasgow Corporation Tramways (one of the largest in Europe) in 1962. Although some traditional trolley or tram systems continued to exist in San Francisco and elsewhere, the term "light rail" has come to mean a different type of rail system as modern light rail technology has primarily post-WWII West German origins. An attempt by Boeing Vertol to introduce a new American light rail vehicle in
7659-415: The day. This combination of factors limits roads carrying only automobile commuters to a maximum observed capacity of about 3,000 passengers per hour per lane. The problem can be mitigated by introducing high-occupancy vehicle ( HOV ) lanes and ride-sharing programs, but in most cases, policymakers have chosen to add more lanes to the roads, despite a small risk that in unfavorable situations an extension of
7770-750: The direct translation, which is city rail (the Norwegian term, by bane , means the same). However, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of "intended for light loads and fast movement", rather than referring to physical weight. The infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA), in its Glossary of Transit Terminology, defines light rail as: ...a mode of transit service (also called streetcar, tramway, or trolley) operating passenger rail cars singly (or in short, usually two-car or three-car, trains) on fixed rails in
7881-524: The future "Capital of Scarborough," anticipating that the Grand Trunk Railway would extend a branch line through here. However, when the Grand Trunk Railway began service to this area in 1871, it bypassed Malvern in favour of the neighbouring village of Agincourt . The village centre and post office had by that time moved south to the corner of today's Sheppard Avenue and Markham Road, which
7992-515: The future terminus of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth at McCowan Road and Sheppard Avenue would be located. The EELRT would terminate on Sheppard Avenue on the east side of McCowan Road. There would be an underground pedestrian path to the station's planned bus terminal as well as to Line 2. A project map indicates that two tail tracks for the EELRT would extend to the west side of McCowan Road. As a later project, Line 4 Sheppard could be extended from Don Mills station to Line 2's new eastern terminus (also along
8103-689: The highest concentration of young people in Canada. The history of Malvern began in 1856, when the Malvern Post Office was opened in David Brown's general store, which stood at the south-east corner of Finch Avenue and Markham Road . This post office was named after a resort town in England. A year after the post office was opened, Senator David Reesor — formerly of Markham Village — began selling "Village Lots" in Malvern. Reesor trumpeted Malvern as
8214-421: The initial design for the Scarborough Malvern LRT was completed. The design cut off west of Midland Avenue, leaving the question open for later design phases of how the line would interface with Kennedy station and whether the line would be an extension of Line 5 or a distinct service. The line was expected to cost approximately $ 1.26 billion, including vehicles, property, escalation and an apportioned cost of
8325-419: The late 1980s, the mall's primary tenants are Freshland Supermarket, an Asian grocery store; Planet Fitness; and Labels, a discount clothing store. There are plans in the works to redevelop the mall and replace it with residential condo towers and green space. The proposed plan would include a new 16,616 square-metre public park immediately abutting the existing forested area. In 2016, the Malvern neighbourhood
8436-453: The late 19th century when Americans adopted the term "street railway", rather than "tramway", with the vehicles being called "streetcars" rather than "trams". Some have suggested that the Americans' preference for the term "street railway" at that time was influenced by German emigrants to the United States (who were more numerous than British immigrants in the industrialized Northeast), as it is
8547-524: The latter is described as light rail. In those places, trams running on mixed rights-of-way are not regarded as a light rail but considered distinctly as streetcars or trams. However, the requirement for saying that a rail line is "separated" can be quite low—sometimes just with concrete "buttons" to discourage automobile drivers from getting onto the tracks. Some systems such as Seattle's Link had on-road mixed sections but were closed to regular road traffic, with light rail vehicles and buses both operating along
8658-455: The light rail concept was the "Shaker Heights Rapid Transit" which started in the 1920s, was renovated in 1980-81 and is now part of RTA Rapid Transit . Many original tram and streetcar systems in the United Kingdom , United States , and elsewhere were decommissioned starting in the 1950s as subsidies for the car increased. Britain abandoned its tram systems, except for Blackpool , with
8769-586: The line would be built at Kennedy Station at Kennedy Road and Eglinton Avenue , with a connection to the Bloor-Danforth subway , the Scarborough RT, and the Eglinton Crosstown LRT line . The whole line would be built within Scarborough. The line would run along Eglinton Avenue East until it reaches Kingston Road , then continues northeast until Morningside Avenue is reached, then continues north until Sheppard Avenue East, where it turns west, sharing
8880-461: The line would jog through the University of Toronto Scarborough campus (UTSC) after passing the Ellesmere stop and turning east on Ellesmere Road. The university is planning a new street on campus (dubbed New Military Trail) that would be located northeast of the existing Military Trail. The EELRT would follow this new street from Ellesmere Road back to Morningside Avenue. UTSC would have two LRT stops:
8991-456: The line's conditions: no running in tunnels, shorter trains and platforms, and a better ability to climb grades to avoid expensive road infrastructure changes. Light-rail vehicles would need to handle grades in excess of 6 percent, such as along Morningside Avenue, and be able to make sharp, 90-degree turns at street intersections. The maximum speed would be 80 km/h (50 mph) on an exclusive right-of-way and 60 km/h (37 mph) on
9102-481: The maintenance and storage facilities. With construction originally scheduled to begin in 2014, the line was expected to open in 2019 as the last of the seven Transit City lines. The Scarborough Malvern LRT was approved by Toronto City Council on 30 September 2009, and the environmental assessment received a notice to proceed from the Government of Ontario on 15 December 2009. After a change in municipal leadership, it
9213-465: The old and new systems. Since the 1980s, Portland, Oregon , has built all three types of system: a high-capacity light rail system in dedicated lanes and rights-of-way, a low-capacity streetcar system integrated with street traffic, and an aerial tram system . The opposite phrase heavy rail , used for higher-capacity, higher-speed systems, also avoids some incompatibilities in terminology between British and American English, for instance in comparing
9324-525: The opening of a new park in 2004, and the opening of the Nike Malvern Sports Complex in 2006. The Toronto Zoo , Rouge River , and Rouge Valley Park are also located in the vicinity of Malvern, as was Mammoth Hall, a wooden structure that was once a municipal office, meeting hall and curling rink. The Malvern Community Coalition serves as an active incorporated, non-profit, grassroots community organization which exists to promote and enhance
9435-507: The peak direction during rush hour. Malvern Town Centre Malvern is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario , Canada, with a population of 44,315. It is located in the northeast corner of the city. There are over 60 different cultures represented in Malvern, with the most dominant ethnic groups being Caribbean Canadians (mostly Jamaican , Trinidadian , and Guyanese ) and South Asian Canadians (mostly Sri Lankan Tamil , Indian , and Pakistani ). The neighbourhood has
9546-436: The possibility of extending the Eglinton East LRT by six stops to Malvern Town Centre . The Malvern extension would be 4.2 to 4.7 kilometres (2.6 to 2.9 mi) long. The extension to Malvern Town Centre would have seven stops: at Pan Am Drive, Sheppard/Morningside, Brenyon Way, Murison Boulevard, Sheppard/Neilson, Wickson Trail, and Malvern Town Centre. In April 2019, Ontario premier Doug Ford , brother of Rob Ford, announced
9657-449: The preferred site for the EELRT maintenance and storage facility at Sheppard Avenue and Conlins Road might not be available. Thus, city planners would look at other potential sites as a contingency. By May 2024, the City of Toronto had completed the 10-percent design and started a Transit and Rail Project Assessment Process, a streamlined environmental assessment that could take up to 185 days to complete. The project team recommended against
9768-418: The project design was 10 percent complete, and the total revised cost of the project was $ 4.65 billion. At the time, the province (through Metrolinx) was considering extending Line 4 Sheppard east of Don Mills station with the potential of overlapping the EELRT route along Sheppard Avenue. Thus, in case of overlap, city planners proposed to adjust the EELRT alignment. There was also the possibility that
9879-459: The proposed Sheppard East LRT line, also to be funded by MoveOntario 2020. Unfortunately, in a 2010 budget release, Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty had chosen to postpone necessary funding for the project. With the construction of Line 5 Eglinton nearing its end, there have been discussions and studies about either extending this LRT line or constructing a brand new LRT line to Malvern via University of Toronto Scarborough Campus. In May 2023,
9990-667: The raids, 71 warrants were executed resulting in the arrest of 65 people. Further raids, and the implementation of Project Pathfinder would result in arrests of the Malvern Crew's rival gang, the "Galloway Boys", in West Hill . In the early 21st century, the area saw public investment in the community, including a major renovation of the Malvern Branch of the Toronto Public Library , the construction of new housing developments,
10101-540: The required clearance height can be reduced significantly compared to conventional light rail vehicles. Reference speed from major light rail systems, including station stop time, is shown below. However, low top speed is not always a differentiating characteristic between light rail and other systems. For example, the Siemens S70 LRVs used in the Houston METRORail and other North American LRT systems have
10212-432: The right-of-way that is often separated from other traffic for part or much of the way. Light rail vehicles are typically driven electrically with power being drawn from an overhead electric line via a trolley [pole] or a pantograph ; driven by an operator onboard the vehicle; and may have either high platform loading or low-level boarding using steps." However, some diesel-powered transit is designated light rail, such as
10323-415: The road network might lead to increased travel times ( Downs–Thomson paradox , Braess's paradox ). By contrast, light rail vehicles can travel in multi-car trains carrying a theoretical ridership up to 20,000 passengers per hour in much narrower rights-of-way , not much more than two car lanes wide for a double track system. They can often be run through existing city streets and parks , or placed in
10434-401: The roads. Typically roadways have 1,900 passenger cars per lane per hour (pcplph). If only cars are allowed, the capacity will be less and will not increase when the traffic volume increases. When there is a bus driving on this route, the capacity of the lane will be higher and will increase when the traffic level increases. And because the capacity of a light rail system is higher than that of
10545-662: The same as the German term for the mode, Straßenbahn (meaning "street railway"). A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams after World War II except in Blackpool , eight major North American cities ( Toronto , Boston , Philadelphia , San Francisco , Pittsburgh , Newark , Cleveland , and New Orleans ) continued to operate large streetcar systems. When these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both
10656-474: The same tracks and stops as in the Sheppard East LRT line . Finally, the line turns north at Neilson Road, terminating at Malvern Town Centre. Newly elected Rob Ford cancelled the Malvern LRT shortly after he came to office in 2010. The Malvern LRT would cross the University of Toronto Scarborough Campus . According to The Varsity , the paper for students at the University of Toronto , when students at
10767-408: The standard gauge is that standard railway maintenance equipment can be used on it, rather than custom-built machinery. Using standard gauges also allows light rail vehicles to be conveniently moved around using the same tracks as freight railways. Additionally, wider gauges (e.g. standard gauge) provide more floor clearance on low-floor trams that have constricted pedestrian areas at the wheels, which
10878-551: The system was a success with the public, gaining up to 190,000 passengers per day. Automatic train operation is employed on light rail networks, tracking the position and speed of a train and hence adjusting its movement for safety and efficiency. One line of light rail (requires 7.6 m, 25' right of way) has a theoretical capacity of up to 8 times more than one 3.7 m (12 foot) lane on a freeway, excluding busses, during peak times. Roads have ultimate capacity limits that can be determined by traffic engineering , and usually experience
10989-499: The trams, making it safe on city streets. Several systems in Europe and a few recently opened systems in North America use diesel -powered trains. When electric streetcars were introduced in the late 19th century, conduit current collection was one of the first ways of supplying power, but it proved to be much more expensive, complicated, and trouble-prone than overhead wires . When electric street railways became ubiquitous, conduit power
11100-415: The under-construction terminus of the Line 2 Scarborough extension at Sheppard Avenue and McCowan Road . By May 2022, the estimated cost of the EELRT is $ 3.9 billion, with an expected opening in the early to mid-2030s. A July 2022 TTC report and a May 2023 city presentation referred to the proposed EELRT as Line 7 and gave the line a mint green colour . By the end of 2023, the high-level design
11211-455: The vast majority of light rail systems. This avoids the danger potentially presented by an electrified third rail . The Docklands Light Railway uses an inverted third rail for its electrical power, which allows the electrified rail to be covered and the power drawn from the underside. Trams in Bordeaux , France, use a special third-rail configuration where the power is only switched on beneath
11322-434: The widest range of latitude of any rail system in the design, engineering, and operating practices. The challenge in designing light rail systems is to realize the potential of LRT to provide fast, comfortable service while avoiding the tendency to overdesign that results in excessive capital costs beyond what is necessary to meet the public's needs. The BART railcar in the following chart is not generally considered to be
11433-405: Was cancelled by Mayor Rob Ford on 1 December 2010, when he announced the cancellation of the entire Transit City initiative. While LRT lines on Sheppard East , Finch West , and Eglinton were revived through a new agreement between the City of Toronto and Metrolinx , the Scarborough Malvern LRT was not included. In 2016, the city council directed staff to resurrect and update the 2009 plan for
11544-527: Was coined in 1972 by the U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA; the precursor to the Federal Transit Administration ) to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany, the term Stadtbahn (to be distinguished from S-Bahn , which stands for Stadtschnellbahn ) was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt
11655-502: Was coined in 1972 in the United States as an English equivalent for the German word Stadtbahn , meaning "city railway". Different definitions exist in some countries, but in the United States, light rail operates primarily along exclusive rights-of-way and uses either individual tramcars or multiple units coupled together, with a lower capacity and speed than a long heavy rail passenger train or rapid transit system. Narrowly defined, light rail transit uses rolling stock that
11766-489: Was expected to be completed, along with a draft of the environmental project report (EPR) and the start of the transit project assessment process (TPAP). Public consultation began in May 2023. During the 2023 Toronto mayoral by-election , the topic of a future EELRT connecting to Pan Am Sports Centre and the University of Toronto Scarborough , and later to Sheppard–McCowan, was frequently discussed by candidates. In November 2023,
11877-662: Was introduced in North America in 1972 to describe this new concept of rail transportation. Prior to that time the abbreviation "LRT" was used for " Light Rapid Transit " and " Light Rail Rapid Transit ". The first of the new light rail systems in North America began operation in 1978 when the Canadian city of Edmonton, Alberta , adopted the German Siemens-Duewag U2 system, followed three years later by Calgary, Alberta , and San Diego, California . The concept proved popular, with there now being numerous light rail systems in
11988-592: Was named Malcolm's Corners at the time. The Malvern Primitive Methodist Church on the east side of Markham Road north of Sheppard disappeared in the 1970s, but the graves remain today in the care of the Toronto United Church Council. While Malvern never did become a prosperous railway centre, it flourished as a farming community for over one hundred years. In the late 1950s, the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation expropriated Malvern's farms to build
12099-609: Was part of Toronto mayor David Miller 's Transit City proposal announced on 16 March 2007, to be operated by the Toronto Transit Commission . This shorter 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) line was envisioned to terminate at Sheppard Avenue East and Morningside Avenue, where it would interchange with the proposed Sheppard East LRT . In 2008, the Scarborough Malvern LRT was included in Metrolinx's regional transportation plan The Big Move within that plan's 25-year horizon. In 2009,
12210-610: Was the Gross-Lichterfelde tramway in Lichterfelde near Berlin in Germany, which opened in 1881. It was built by Werner von Siemens who contacted Pirotsky. It initially drew current from the rails, with overhead wire being installed in 1883. The first interurban to emerge in the United States was the Newark and Granville Street Railway in Ohio, which opened in 1889. An early example of
12321-517: Was used in those cities that did not permit overhead wires. In Europe, it was used in London, Paris, Berlin, Marseille, Budapest, and Prague. In the United States, it was used in parts of New York City and Washington, D.C. Third rail technology was investigated for use on the Gold Coast of Australia for the G:link light rail, though power from overhead lines was ultimately utilized for that system. In
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