Artist Copper miner
59-445: Sawkins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: James G. Sawkins (1806–1878), British artist, geologist, copper miner, and illustrator Raymond Harold Sawkins (1923–2006), British novelist Richard Sawkins (died 1680), British buccaneer [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Sawkins . If an internal link intending to refer to
118-568: A Naval Court of Inquiry due to Revere's possible affair with his wife, Octavia "Rosa" Sawkins. Afterwards, from 1859 to 1862, he worked under English naturalist Lucas Barrett on the Jamaican Geological Survey, which was part of England's geology research of the West Indies. After Barrett's untimely death in 1862, Sawkins took over as the leader of the research team. In 1950, geologist H. R. Hose claimed Sawkin's 1869 Reports on
177-522: A mail steamer ; they had sailed from the Port-of-Spain , Trinidad and Tobago . Sawkins brought scientific instruments used in his geological survey of Trinidad. Here, they met Alice Maria Barrett and her husband Lucas Barrett , the leader of the geological expedition. During this meeting, Sawkins learned he would not receive sufficient pay. Upon arriving in Kingston, Jamaica on April fifth, Sawkins arranged
236-580: A Special Notice of Zapotec Remains . The book was published by Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in June 1856. In 1847, Sawkins taught art lessons and sold portraits and Mexican landscapes in Charlotte Amalie , the capital city of the island of St. Thomas . According to visual theorist Nicholas Mirzoeff , Sawkins's artworks inspired Camille Pissarro , a French painter born in St. Thomas. Sawkins did not have
295-503: A circus, and ran into the adobe building where we heard a door slam and a bolt snap. Then the man [James] noticed us, saying, "How do you do, Gentlemen, are you from the city?" The above occurred in November 1849. Church describes Rosa Sawkins as "young lady" with a "surly companion", claiming "[James] Sawkins appeared little inclined to allow any comradeship with his wife" including objecting to Church's attempt to offer her his overcoat during
354-500: A distinct phase in the city's expansion, the outer boundary to this zone being the effective limit of the continuous built-up area. The wealthier residents continued to spread east (to East End Point) and West (to Lyford Cay ). In the last 40 years, residential development has been quite different. It has consisted mainly of planned middle-income sub-divisions. Since the 1960s, government has sponsored low-cost housing developments at Yellow Elder, Elizabeth Estates, and Pinewood Gardens, in
413-532: A formal education in geology; he likely learned through autonomous research and running various mineral operations in Cuba and Peru. The 1848 announcement of gold in California led him to move to the state the same year, representing a Peruvian mining corporation. Shortly afterward, he organized a Naval Court of Inquiry against Revere , one of his tenants. His gold rush undertaking failed, and he subsequently became
472-525: A meeting with John Peter Grant , then colonial governor of Jamaica . After Barrett wrote a persuasive letter to statesman Edward Bulwer-Lytton asking to increase Sawkins's pay so he would not resign, Sawkins's pay was increased and he remained on the project. In 1859, Sawkins and C. B. Brown found gold in specimens of copper carbonate at the Stamford Hill or Charing Cross Mines north-east of May Pen, Jamaica . In 1860, G. P. Wall published Report on
531-625: A mine inspector in Hawaii and Queensland, Australia . In 1854, Sawkins visited the island of Tongatapu to examine the damage caused by an earthquake. During this time, he created a portrait of Tongatapu "Queen Charlotte", a.k.a. Sālote Lupepauʻu . In 1857, the Colonial Office in London set up the West Indian Geological Survey, a geology research team. The first area of interest was
590-538: A nearby Mr. Murphy and asked what had happened. He claimed Mr. Murphy led him to the veranda and said, "Chloroform or some damnable drug has been given to your poor wife." When James found that the laudanum bottle in the medicine cabinet was empty, he asked his wife what became of it and she said she drank it, i.e. attempted suicide . James Sawkins "became alarmed for her mind", because he recalled her mother had also had some type of psychosis . The next morning, Rosa did not allow James to force her into her room, leading to
649-728: A physical altercation in which both fell to the ground. Rosa left the home. James and Revere set out via horseback to find her, but did not succeed. They searched again at dawn. Three days later, James led a search party into the woods, where a carman informed James that Rosa had escaped to Pacheco, California . James brought Rosa back to the house and promised to get her a lawyer so that a divorce could be filed. The following day, James began to suspect that Rosa Sawkins and Revere had had an affair. Rosa asked James not to injure Revere, blaming herself for her actions and mental health. James Sawkins claimed that Rosa Sawkins said, I gave myself up to Revere, what passed I scarcely know, but remorse
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#1733115020400708-584: A sense of frustration, perhaps bitterness against the authorities who had failed to promote him, and had put a very young man [Lucas Barrett] over him." In 1869, Sawkins published Reports on the Geology of Jamaica which sets out a definitive map and results of the new group's 1859–1869 research. The decade's research was conducted by Sawkins, G. P. Wall, Lucas Barrett , Arthur Lennox, and C. B. Brown. On April 12, 1869, Roderick I. Murchison succinctly described Barrett's and Sawkins's leadership: Mr. Lucas Barrett,
767-471: A specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sawkins&oldid=1224396986 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles James G. Sawkins James Gay Sawkins (1806 – July 20, 1878)
826-726: A windy boat ride. On March 27, 1855, Sawkins married Mary Hussey Brodie, daughter of British Whig politician William Bird Brodie . From 1830 to 1835, Sawkins lived in Mexico, earning his wealth as a painter while researching mineral resources of the country. After briefly living in New Orleans, Sawkins lived in Cuba from 1835 to 1845, where he made living from art commissions as well as mineral operations. In 1837, Sawkins created various scenic and architectural illustrations of Mitla, Mexico , for historian Brantz Mayer 's nonfiction book, Observations on Mexican History and Archaeology, With
885-558: A young palæontologist of merit, was appointed to the vacant place, and he, in conjunction with Mr. Sawkins, had made considerable progress in a brief period, particularly by correlating the organic remains of the Jamaica limestones with their congeners in Europe, when unfortunately he was drowned whilst searching in a diving bell for marine remains beneath the sea. Mr. Sawkins then became the Director of
944-491: Is located on the western side of Nassau. New Providence Airport on Paradise Island was closed in 1999 with runway removed and integrated into the resort on the island. Ferries (boats) provide water travel around Nassau to the surrounding islands, namely Paradise Island . Prince George Wharf is a seaport , the main port in the city, that serves cruise ships with ports of call in Nassau. Transportation and shipping around
1003-466: Is scarce, it appears that he was acting in the role of deputy governor upon Benjamin Hornigold 's arrival in 1713. By this time, the sparsely settled Bahamas had become a pirate haven known as New Providence . The Governor of Bermuda stated that there were over 1,000 pirates in Nassau and that they outnumbered the mere hundred inhabitants of the town. They proclaimed Nassau a pirate republic , recognising
1062-494: Is the capital and largest city of the Bahamas . It is located on the island of New Providence , which had a population of 246,329 in 2010, or just over 70% of the entire population of the Bahamas. As of April 2023, the preliminary results of the 2022 census of the Bahamas reported a population of 296,522 for New Providence, 74.26% of the country's population. Nassau is commonly defined as a primate city , dwarfing all other towns in
1121-668: The American Civil War , Nassau served as a port for blockade runners making their way to and from ports along the southern Atlantic Coast for continued trade with the Confederacy. In the 1920s and 1930s, Nassau profited from Prohibition in the United States . During the Cuban Revolution of 1959, tourism further benefitted due to the restrictions imposed on American citizens visiting Cuba . Today, Nassau's location close to
1180-653: The National Library of Australia (Canberra) are among the public collections holding works by James Gay Sawkins. Sawkins was born in 1806 in Southampton , England. He was a native of Yeovil , a town in Somerset, England . At the age of 14, he moved to Baltimore, Maryland , with his family, where he made his living painting miniature portraits on ivory. He achieved a professorship of drawing at an unspecified Virginia college. In his youth, he travelled to "regions west of
1239-776: The Spanish , and Charles Town was used as a base for privateering against them. In 1684 the town was burned to the ground during the Raid on Charles Town . It was rebuilt in 1695 under Governor Nicholas Trott and renamed Nassau in honour of King William III , who belonged to a branch of the House of Nassau . William was the Dutch Stadtholder ( stadhouder in Dutch), and, from 1689, the King of England, Scotland and Ireland. The name Nassau ultimately derives from
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#17331150204001298-590: The United States and ties between the U.S. and The Bahamas make it a common tourist destination. Located on New Providence Island , Nassau's harbour has a blend of old world and colonial architecture, and a busy port. The tropical climate and natural environment of the Bahamas have made Nassau an attractive tourist destination. Nassau developed directly behind the port area. New Providence provides 200 km of relatively flat and low-lying land intersected by low ridges (none of which restricted settlement). In
1357-508: The "Over-the-Hill" suburbs of Grants Town and Bain Town to the south of the city of Nassau, while most of the inhabitants of European descent lived on the island's northern coastal ridges. The town that would be called Nassau was founded in 1670 by British noblemen who brought British settlers with them to New Providence. They built a fort, and named it Charles Town in honour of England's King Charles II. During this time there were frequent wars with
1416-496: The 1880 census when she was living in Canton, Mississippi with her grandson Harvey Otto. Nevertheless, this marriage would later complicate his allegations against Revere. Some time before 1849, Sawkins married Octavia "Rosa" Sawkins, a British teacher from Nassau, New Providence . The couple exhibited unusual behavior which bordered on psychological abuse . Gold rush hopeful Andrew S. Church described his candid 1849 observation of
1475-469: The 19th century, Nassau became urbanized, attracting rural residents. Growth since the 1950s has been outwards from the town. The 1788 heart of Nassau was just a few blocks of buildings between Government House and the harbour, but the town gradually expanded east to Malcolm's Park, south to Wulff Road, and west to Nassau Street. Grants Town and Bain Town south of the city became the main residential areas for those of African descent, and until about 30 years ago
1534-568: The British abolished the international slave trade in 1807, they resettled thousands of Africans liberated from slave ships by the Royal Navy on New Providence (at Adelaide Village and Gambier Village), along with other islands such as Grand Bahama, Exuma, Abaco and Inagua. In addition, slaves freed from American ships, such as the slave ship Creole in November 1841, were allowed to settle there. The largest concentration of Africans historically lived in
1593-557: The Family Islands is primarily through mailboats based at Potters Cay. International shipping is done through the Arawak Port Department on Arawak Cay. High speed excursions to Exuma, Spanish Wells and Harbour Island are available daily. Public jitney buses and taxis provide transport in and around Nassau. Rental cars are also available in the city and at the airport. Major roads in Nassau include: The major road in Nassau
1652-543: The Geology of Jamaica "form the basis of all subsequent work in Jamaica." For example, in 2021, Sawkins's 1869 research was used by wildlife ecologist Dr. Susan Koenig to persuade NEPA to protect the Jamaican Cockpit Country from bauxite mining. In 2011, Nicholas Mirzoeff stated that "Sawkins's careful anthropological style...concentrated on observation rather than moral commentary." The Honolulu Museum of Art , Mission House Museum (Honolulu, Hawaii) and
1711-552: The House of Assembly and various judicial departments and was considered historically to be a stronghold of pirates. The city was named in honour of William III of England, Prince of Orange-Nassau . Nassau's modern growth began in the late eighteenth century, with the influx of thousands of Loyalists and their slaves to the Bahamas following the American War of Independence . Many of them settled in Nassau and eventually came to outnumber
1770-609: The Junkanoo Beach area. A few hotels and restaurants are located on West Bay. The next landmark is the British Colonial Hotel, which marks the beginning of Bay Street proper. Pirates of Nassau Museum is just across from the British Colonial Hilton . The next few blocks of Bay Street are wall-to-wall boutiques, with a few restaurants and clubs interspersed throughout the retailers. Historical landmarks are also in
1829-597: The Mississippi", which had only been acquired by the U.S. in 1803. He briefly lived in New Orleans, Louisiana. He visited Hawaii from January, 1850 to June, 1852. After working in Australia, he returned to England in 1855. At the age of 18, Sawkins married Jane Grace Andras in Baltimore, Maryland. The couple had two daughters. Despite the belief that his wife died some time before 1849, she outlived James, dying sometime after
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1888-652: The Portraits in the Jamaica History Gallery of the Institute of Jamaica . Cundall stated, [Sawkins] spent nearly fifty years wandering over the face of the earth and will be remembered for his "Reports on the Geology of Jamaica," published in 1869...The mineralogical specimens which he collected are in the museum of the Institute of Jamaica. Nassau, Bahamas Nassau ( / ˈ n æ s ɔː / NASS -aw )
1947-505: The Sawkins couple in his 1901 Memoirs: [It] was evident that an angry discussion was under way, as the shrieking treble would not be silenced at the command of one we took to be an Englishman...[Rosa] was weeping and pleading "to go back home" while the man was swinging his arms and explaining excitedly, "My God, it is impossible, it cannot be." Soon the lady rushed out of the modern rocking-chair in which she had been performing antics worthy of
2006-813: The Survey, aided for a short time by Mr. Arthur Lennox, who, having soon retired from ill health, was replaced by Mr. Brown, the present associate of Mr. Sawkins in preparing this volume with its maps and diagrams. In 1871, he published Geological Observations of British Guiana (today known as Guyana ) in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London . At this time, he retired to London, England. Circa 1849, Sawkins housed various renters at his home in San Rafael, California , including gold rush hopefuls such as Andrew S. Church. One of Sawkins's tenants
2065-548: The Wyndham and at Baha Mar. In 2017, the development of Baha Mar, a luxury resort and casino, brought more than 2,000 hotel rooms and the largest gaming and convention facility in the Caribbean to this section of New Providence Island. Nassau had a population of 128,420 females and 117,909 males and was home to 70,222 households with an average family size of 3.5 according to the 2010 census . Nassau's large population in relation to
2124-410: The centre of the island there are several shallow lakes that are tidally connected. The city's proximity to the United States (290 km (181 miles) east-southeast of Miami, Florida ) has contributed to its popularity as a holiday resort, especially after the United States imposed a ban on travel to Cuba in 1963. The Atlantis resort on nearby Paradise Island accounts for more tourist arrivals to
2183-399: The city than any other hotel property of Nassau. The mega-resort employs over 6,000 Bahamians, and is the largest employer outside of the government. Nassau has a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ), bordering on a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw ), with hot wet summers, and mild dry winters. Temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the course of the year. During
2242-556: The country. It is the centre of commerce, education, law, administration, and media of the country. Lynden Pindling International Airport , the major airport for the Bahamas, is located about 16 km (9.9 mi) west of the city centre of Nassau, and has daily flights to and from major cities in Canada , the Caribbean , the United Kingdom and the United States . Nassau is the site of
2301-468: The geology of Trinidad; or, Part I. of the West Indian survey, compiled by himself and Sawkins. The results were not satisfactory to British geologist Roderick Murchison . As a result, Murchison refused to elect the leader of the next survey, which indirectly meant he would not promote Sawkins. Paleontologist Stephen Donovan claims, "It is perhaps inevitable that Sawkins should feel some disappointment,
2360-567: The island of Trinidad . The Director of the group was George Parks Wall, assisted by James Gay Sawkins, an American working as a copper miner in Jamaica. Wall resigned in 1859 following the completion of the Trinidad research. Sawkins must still have been interested, as he signed up for the next archaeological survey: Jamaica. The group would be led by 22-year-old English geologist Lucas Barrett . On April first, 1859, James G. Sawkins and his wife Mary Brodie Sawkins arrived at St. Thomas, Jamaica via
2419-408: The island's prosperous state in which it offered fresh fruit, meat and water and plenty of protection amid its waterways. Nassau's harbour was tailor-made for defence and it could take around 500 vessels, though it was too shallow to accept large battleships. Benjamin Hornigold, along with his great rival Henry Jennings , became the unofficial overlord of a veritable pirate republic which played host to
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2478-524: The last time when Don Juan de Cagigal, governor-general of Cuba, attacked New Providence with 5,000 men. In April 1783, Andrew Deveaux , an American Loyalist who resettled on the island, set forth and recaptured the island for the British Crown with just 220 men and 150 muskets to face a force of 600 trained soldiers. Lord Dunmore governed the colony from 1787 to 1796. He oversaw the construction of Fort Charlotte and Fort Fincastle in Nassau. During
2537-432: The original Fish, Vegetable and Straw Market. The market is open on all sides, and contains a number of Bahamian craft stores. Cable Beach is recognized as the hotel district of Nassau. Five hotels—two of which are all-inclusive—are located on this strip. The area is also known for its dining, with most of the area's restaurants located in the hotels or across the street. There is a bit of shopping, most of it located in
2596-517: The original inhabitants. As the population of Nassau grew, so did its populated areas. Today, the city dominates the entire island. However, until the post-Second World War era, the outer suburbs scarcely existed. Most of New Providence was uncultivated bush until Loyalists were resettled there following the American Revolutionary War; they established several plantations, such as Clifton and Tusculum. Slaves were imported as labour. After
2655-536: The outer ring. The city centre is the hub for all activities in Nassau. Thousands of people visit daily, to shop, dine, sightsee and to enjoy the tropical climate of the city. While the busiest part of central city is the Bay Street thoroughfare and the Woodes Rogers Walk, located across the street from the port and parallel to Bay, the area extends for several blocks in each direction. It starts at West Bay, around
2714-505: The pirates, reformed the civil administration, and restored commerce. Rogers cleaned up Nassau and rebuilt the fort, using his own wealth to try to overcome problems. In 1720, the Spanish attacked Nassau but failed to capture the town and the island. During the wars in the Thirteen Colonies , Nassau experienced an economic boom. With funds from privateering, a new fort, street lights and over 2300 sumptuous houses were built and Nassau
2773-499: The remainder of the Bahamas is the result of waves of immigration from the Family Islands to the capital . Consequently, this has led to the decline in the population of the lesser developed islands and the rapid growth of Nassau. In January 2018, the U.S. Department of State issued the latest in a series of travel advisories due to violent crime. Lynden Pindling International Airport (formerly Nassau International Airport)
2832-504: The self-styled Flying Gang . Other pirates of note that spent time in Nassau included Charles Vane , Thomas Barrow (who declared himself "Governor of New Providence"), Calico Jack Rackham , Anne Bonny , Mary Read , and the infamous Edward Teach, better known as " Blackbeard ". In 1718, the British government sought to regain control of the islands and appointed Captain Woodes Rogers as Royal governor. He successfully clamped down on
2891-420: The serious allegations" against Revere. During the trial, witnesses described seeing Sawkins and Revere sitting together on a hammock, frequently meeting in Sawkins's room, and visiting the house of Chapita Miranda together (described during the court proceeding as "a house of ill fame", "an improper place"). On November 26, 1849, James Sawkins entered his home and greeted Revere with a handshake, noticing he
2950-552: The town of Nassau in Germany. Lacking effective governors after Trott, Nassau fell on hard times. In 1703 Spanish and French allied forces briefly occupied Nassau. More so, Nassau suffered greatly during the War of Spanish Succession and witnessed Spanish incursions during 1703, 1704 and 1706. From 1703 to 1718 there was no legitimate governor in the colony. Thomas Walker was the island's last remaining appointed official and although evidence
3009-466: The vicinity, including Vendue House, Christ Church Cathedral, and the Nassau Public Library . Although the tourist part of the city centre peters out after about seven blocks, smaller, more local shops are located down Bay Street. At this point, Bay Street becomes East Bay. The Straw Market is a tourist destination in the city centre. A new market was opened in 2011 after a fire in 2001 destroyed
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#17331150204003068-448: The wet season from May through October, average daytime high temperatures are 30–32 °C (86–90 °F), while during the dry season from November through April daytime temperatures are between 25 and 27 °C (77 and 81 °F), rarely falling below 15 °C (59 °F). 24 °C 24 °C 24 °C 25 °C 26 °C 28 °C 29 °C 29 °C 29 °C 28 °C 26 °C 25 °C During
3127-463: Was Joseph Warren Revere , a Navy general and the grandson of Paul Revere. After a series of incidents which he later testified, James Sawkins suspected that Rosa Sawkins and Revere had entered into an affair. He assembled a Naval Board of Inquiry composed of officer James Glynn , officer Charles W. Pickering , and judge William E. Levy to convene on the USS Warren to "inquire into the truth of
3186-424: Was "trembling and cold". Sawkins testified: Entering my wife's room, she was sitting in a rocking chair with her head inclined down. Putting my hand on her table I asked her what was the matter. That she received with an expression of countenance I never saw her before. "James, I am no longer your wife; don't come near me; don't touch me; hate me, for I hate you. I will never live with you again." James said he ran to
3245-401: Was a British artist, geologist, copper miner, and illustrator. He was a member of the Geological Society of London who joined and led research during England's West Indian Geological Surveys of the islands of Trinidad and Jamaica . He also worked in the mining industries of Jamaica, Peru, Hawaii, and Australia. Circa 1849, Sawkins testified against Navy general Joseph Warren Revere in
3304-683: Was extended. In addition to this, mosquito breeding swamps were filled. In 1776, the Battle of Nassau resulted in a brief occupation by American Continental Marines during the American War of Independence , where the Marines staged their first amphibious raid on Fort Montague after attempting to sneak up on Fort Nassau. In 1778 after an overnight invasion, American raiders led by Captain Rathbun, left with ships, gunpowder and military stores after stopping in Nassau for only two weeks. In 1782 Spain captured Nassau for
3363-556: Was later Court-martialed for a different reason. Revere would go on to publish multiple pamphlets in an attempt to clear his name. Sawkins retired to London in 1871 after publishing his Geological Observations of British Guiana . He died on 20 July 1878 in Turnham Green in London, England . A brief biography was published in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London as well as Frank Cundall 's 1914 Catalogue of
3422-478: Was the most populous part of the city. Those of European descent built houses along the shore, east as far as Fort Montagu, west as far as Saunders Beach, and along the ridge edging the city. During the 20th century, the city spread east to Village Road and west to Fort Charlotte and Oakes Field. This semicircle of residential development was the main area of settlement until after the Second World War, and marks
3481-482: Was too great to bear. I flew to the Laudinum bottle and emptied it at one draught in the hopes of killing myself. Oh, that I had died, but now I love him; yes, James, to the bottom of my soul and I will live for him alone. Rosa Sawkins was denied work as a teacher as a result of the case. In the end, Revere was charged with "having deprived Mr. James G. Sawkins of his wife", Rosa Sawkins. This led to his resignation; he
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