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62-465: In April 2021, the building was declared a cultural monument . Sava Centar is located in Block 19, in the municipality of New Belgrade . It is situated at 9 Milentija Popovića street. The complex is bounded by the streets of Vladimira Popovića to the east, Milentija Popovića to the west and Bulevar Arsenija Čarnijevića to the south. To the north are other buildings, which occupy the northern section of

124-471: A national heritage site can be split into many types, each type having its own unique list. Two major types of cultural heritage are "immoveable" and "moveable" objects. Immoveable objects are usually buildings and monuments, locations such as settlements and gardens or areas such as landscapes, reserves and city districts. Small moveable objects may include old books or artworks, large moveable objects may include automobiles, aircraft, trains and ships. In

186-443: A sustainable transport system. Footbridges are often situated to allow pedestrians to cross water or railways in areas where there are no nearby roads. They are also located across roads to let pedestrians cross safely without slowing traffic. The latter is a type of pedestrian separation structure , examples of which are particularly found near schools. The simplest type of bridge is stepping stones , so this may have been one of

248-464: A 'new' wooden bridge across the lake that has been used to 1878 – measuring approximately 1,450 metres (4,760 ft) in length and 4 metres (13 ft) wide. On April 6, 2001, the reconstructed wooden footbridge was opened, being the longest wooden bridge in Switzerland. A clapper bridge is an ancient form of bridge found on the moors of Devon ( Dartmoor and Exmoor ) and in other upland areas of

310-455: A concession, and then again in November 2019 when the city decided to sell the venue after all. In January 2020 the city confirmed it will sell the complex at a starting price of €25 million, while the new owner would have to preserve the function of the venue and to invest €50 million in the next 5 years. In August 2020, the city conducted a bidding, raising the price to €27.4 million, and keeping

372-474: A country may maintain more than one register; there are also registers for entities that span more than one country. Each country has its own national heritage list and naming conventions. Sites can be added to a list, and are occasionally removed and even destroyed for economic or other reasons. The concept of protecting and taking pride in cultural heritage is something that goes back to the Seven Wonders of

434-414: A deal closure. Opposition politicians openly accused the city administration of corruption and theft. They claimed that through repeated, failed bidding, the price of the venue kept being reduced each time, as allowed by the law, until it was sold to a tycoon close to the ruling establishment for a very low price. On the other hand, some real estate consultants claimed that the city was asking too much for

496-603: A disability can cross them. Types of footbridges include: The residential-scale footbridges all span a short distance and can be used for a broad range of applications. Complicated engineering is not needed and the footbridges are built with readily available materials and basic tools. Different types of design footbridges include: Footbridges can also be built in the same ways as road or rail bridges; particularly suspension bridges and beam bridges . Some former road bridges have had their traffic diverted to alternative crossings and have become pedestrian bridges; examples in

558-659: A final decision on protection is made by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments. Five months after the venue was sold to the private owner, the government declared Sava Centar a cultural monument on 8 April 2021. When the City Assembly of Belgrade scheduled its 29 April 2021 session in the venue, due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, they referred to the structure as the "Delta Congressional Center, former Sava Centar". The management of Delta Holding reacted, stating that

620-436: A height above the ground", a footbridge can also be a lower structure, such as a boardwalk , that enables pedestrians to cross wet, fragile, or marshy land. Bridges range from stepping stones –possibly the earliest man-made structure to "bridge" water–to elaborate steel structures. Another early bridge would have been simply a fallen tree. In some cases a footbridge can be both functional and artistic. For rural communities in

682-487: A lack of serious financial injections based on detailed and worked-out recovery concepts; failing to find domestic and foreign patrons; failing to find partners through the European Congressional Cities network; neglecting to re-hire the original authors to fix architectural and structural problems. On 11 September 2020, the city offered the complex again, reducing the price to €21.9 million, without changing

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744-424: A list of heritage sites per country that are considered internationally important. These sites are almost always also on the national heritage register of the site's country. Footbridge A footbridge (also a pedestrian bridge , pedestrian overpass , or pedestrian overcrossing ) is a bridge designed solely for pedestrians. While the primary meaning for a bridge is a structure which links "two points at

806-635: A new building. The author of the project, chief designer and team manager was Stojan Maksimović , who had only one month to submit the concept. He was chief designer of the Belgrade Construction Directorate and was given the task in March 1976, directly from Tito's office. Maksimović spent that month either in seclusion in his office in the City Assembly of Belgrade or on planes, visiting Paris, The Hague (Babylon), Copenhagen and Helsinki to inspect existing facilities of this type. The chief engineer

868-469: A structure otherwise difficult to reach are referred as catwalks or cat walks . Such catwalks are located above a stage ( theater catwalk ) in a theater, between parts of a building, along the side of a bridge, on the inside of a tunnel, on the outside of any large storage tank in a refinery or elsewhere, etc. The walkway on the outside (top) of a railroad cars such as boxcars , before air brakes came into use, or on top of some covered hopper cars

930-897: A total length of 2,063 metres (6,768 ft). Before it was demolished in 2011, the Hornibrook Bridge which crossed Bramble Bay in Queensland , Australia was longer than the Poughkeepsie Bridge at 2.684 km (1.668 mi). Much rural travel takes place on local footpaths , tracks and village roads. These provide essential access to water, firewood, farm plots and the classified road network. Communities and/or local government are generally responsible for this infrastructure . Pedestrian overpasses over highways or railroads are expensive, especially when elevators or long ramps for wheelchair users are required. Without elevators or ramps, people with mobility handicaps will not be able to use

992-424: A total reconstruction investment of €118 million. The largest, Blue Hall, should be finished by the mid-2024. Sava Centar has 69,720 m (750,500 sq ft) of useful and 100,000 m (1,100,000 sq ft) of overall area, including a theatre hall with 4,000 seats, 15 conference halls, an exhibition area and a number of other facilities. It annually hosts more than half million visitors. Sava Centar

1054-465: Is a heritage site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the cultural heritage or history of that country. Usually such sites are listed in a heritage register that is open to the public, and many are advertised by national visitor bureaus as tourist attractions . Usually such a heritage register list is split by type of feature (natural wonder, ruin, engineering marvel, etc.). In many cases

1116-530: Is also called a catwalk . With the exception of those on top of railroad cars, catwalks are equipped with railings or handrails . Since the early 1980s, several charities have developed standardized footbridge designs that are sustainable for use in developing countries . The first charity to develop such designs was Helvetas, located in Zurich, Switzerland. Designs that can be sustainably and efficiently used in developing countries are typically made available to

1178-490: Is connected to Crowne Plaza Belgrade via an underground hallway. The complex includes restaurants, bars, offices and shops. The building is situated on the easily accessible location. The great hall, nicknamed the Blue Hall due to its blue seats is the largest audience hall in the country with the above-mentioned 4,000 seats, both ground and upper level included. The hall has the ability to completely change its look depending on

1240-400: Is the longest enclosed pedestrian bridge, completed on October 1, 2021. The 305 metre bridge was part of a $ 250 million project to UWM's offices, which converted a former warehouse and utilized shipping containers for offices, corridors, and other spaces. The Walkway Over The Hudson footbridge was originally built for trains, it was recently restored as a pedestrian walkway. The footbridge has

1302-722: The Pont de Solférino in Paris and the Millennium Bridge in London. To ensure footbridges are accessible to disabled and other mobility-impaired people, careful consideration is nowadays also given to provision of access lifts or ramps , as required by relevant legislation (e.g. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in the UK). Some old bridges in Venice are now equipped with a stairlift so that residents with

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1364-537: The 14th century, the bridge is believed to have been originally built in the 13th century to enable pack horses to cross the river. Nowadays clapper bridges are only used as footbridges. The Kapellbrücke is a 204-metre-long (669 ft) footbridge crossing the River Reuss in the city of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is the oldest wooden covered bridge in Europe, and one of Switzerland's main tourist attractions. The bridge

1426-619: The Block 19, including Crowne Plaza Belgrade and Savograd . In 1975, after the First Conference of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe , held in Helsinki, Finland, the President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito accepted for Belgrade to host the next summit. However, Belgrade had no congressional facility which could welcome so many delegates, so it was decided to construct

1488-519: The Bluesbreakers , Jerry Lee Lewis , Julio Iglesias , Jeff Beck , Johnny Winter , Buddy Guy , Suzanne Vega , Nigel Kennedy , B.B. King , Lou Reed , Roxy Music , Jethro Tull , Sting , David Byrne , Simple Minds , Laurie Anderson , Samantha Fox , Jason Donovan , Slobodan Trkulja , Bilja Krstić , Gotan Project and Madredeus . It also serves as the venue of the Miss Serbia competition,

1550-587: The Crowne Plaza Belgrade, was added to the complex to host the annual meeting of the World Bank. The interior was designed by Aleksandar Šaletić. Supporting infrastructure such as roads and highway connections were also built during this period around the Sava Centar complex. The complex, due to its design and the speed by which it was finished, attracted international attention. It was among the nominees when

1612-914: The Island of Montreal, was measured by a calibrated device as being 7,512 feet or 2,290 meters or 1.4227 miles or 2.290 kilometers long starting and ending where the treadway rises above the ground and a pedestrian could access the bridge as close as possible to the St Lawrence River. Sky Bridge 721 , the longest pedestrian suspension bridge, which spans in the Králický Sněžník mountain in the Czech Republic, opened in May 2022. The 721 metres (2,365 ft) bridge hangs 95 metres (312 ft) above ground. The United Wholesale Mortgage Pedestrian Bridge in Pontiac, Michigan

1674-547: The Non-Aligned Movement . In January 1990, Sava hosted the 14th (and last) Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia . In total, from May 1977 to May 2017, over 35,000 events of all kinds were held in the venue, with a total of 15 million visitors, of that 10,000 congressional meetings with 2 million participants. In June 2018, it held the 6th WordCamp Europe. Cultural monument A national heritage site

1736-769: The Serbian Eurovision Song Contest selection music festivals, Beovizija and was the host place of the Jugovizija (in 1987). Sava Centar has been the host of significant congress gatherings and artistic programs: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe , Annual General Meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank , 55th Annual General Meeting of Interpol , 6th United Nations Conference on Trade and Development , General Meeting of UNESCO , FOREX , FISIT and 9th Summit of

1798-484: The Serbian companies with the highest tax debts, reaching 558 million dinars (€4.7 million) in early 2018. Delta Holding reappeared as an interested investor, claiming willingness to pay double what the city was asking for, €25 million. Their condition was to build a footbridge to the future Intercontinental Hotel, planned by Delta Holding in the vicinity, who would accept the venue's entire debt but split eventual profits with

1860-498: The UK include The Iron Bridge at Ironbridge , Shropshire , the Old Bridge at Pontypridd and Windsor Bridge at Windsor, Berkshire . Most footbridges are equipped with guard rails to reduce the risk of pedestrians falling. Where they pass over busy roads or railways, they may also include a fence or other such barrier to prevent pedestrians from jumping, or throwing projectiles onto

1922-498: The United Kingdom including Snowdonia and Anglesey , Cumbria , Yorkshire and Lancashire . It is formed by large flat slabs of stone, often granite or schist , supported on stone piers (across rivers), or resting on the banks of streams. Although often credited with prehistoric origin, most were erected in medieval times, and some in later centuries. A famous example is found in the village of Postbridge . First recorded in

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1984-485: The World , but usually it is only after destruction, especially mass destruction in times of war, that new lists are drawn up or revisited. Many countries acknowledge under UNESCO their designation of objects considered to be worthy of having importance to the entire world or world heritage . These listings also acknowledge the need for a separate list of objects judged part of their own unique cultural heritage . The concept of

2046-441: The bidding before the year's end, without clarifying if they would offer a 20% price reduction, as permitted. The designer, Maksimović, accused the city of mismanaging the venue and raised concern that the venue would change its purpose after being sold to a private owner. The city was also accused of never trying to manage the venue properly, with accusations of corruption and nepotism in management; failing to hire foreign management;

2108-495: The birthday of Sava Centar, even though it was technically only the opening of Block A, followed by Block 2 in 1978 and Block 3 in 1979. The second phase, a large performance and conference hall, opened for the 11th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia . The planned stage at the main hall, which had been envisioned as revolving, was scrapped and a fixed large stage was built instead. By 1979, Hotel Beograd InterContinental, now

2170-567: The bridge was gained through angular sculptures of four winged lions crowning the abutments . They were designed by sculptor Pavel Sokolov (1764-1835), who also contributed lions for Bridge of Lions . Design of footbridges normally follows the same principles as for other bridges. However, because they are normally significantly lighter than vehicular bridges, they are more vulnerable to vibration and therefore dynamics effects are often given more attention in design. International attention has been drawn to this issue in recent years by problems on

2232-443: The building, Delta Holding acquired some 40 valuable works of art, including paintings, tapestries, sculptures, a clock installation, etc. Some of these would be restored during the reconstruction as they were damaged over time. Some architects suggested that Sava Centar should be protected by law and declared a cultural monument, with the complex being placed under preliminary protection, meaning it should be treated as protected until

2294-570: The case of a national heritage site in a populated area, monitoring and protection may be under the jurisdiction of a fire department or local police department, whereas more remote sites may be under the protection of a central conservation agency . Most countries have passed laws to protect national heritage sites, with various classifications for owners. In Europe, many countries uphold the Venice Charter of 1964 though each country's name and criteria for protection, may change. The UNESCO keeps

2356-436: The city administration was alleged to be wasting money elsewhere. The public also pressured the administration, calling it incapable of managing the building and opposing the sale. On 22 August 2020, the city announced this last bidding failed, too, as no one had applied. Delta Holding stated they were still interested, but that almost €80 million of investments into the venue were too much. The city said it would probably repeat

2418-474: The city would retain 51% in the future joint company. The bidding was announced in 2016 and two companies, Delta Holding and a consortium headed by Belgrade's Nikola Tesla Airport showed interest. City authorities prolonged tender deadlines four times and decided to change some of the bidding conditions, so Delta Holding backed off. After the second bidding, the Airport also withdrew, without providing reasons. When

2480-543: The city. Instead of announcing the bids, the city extended the deadline to 20 March 2018. Delta Holding was the only bidder, but their application was rejected as "incomplete", stating that Delta didn't specify how many employees it would keep. The commission executing the bidding recommended direct negotiations with the company, which the city administration accepted in July 2018, before changing its mind again in February 2019, opting for

2542-604: The congressional hub of this part of Europe, with a hosting capacity of up to 7,000 visitors. The interiors will be changed to a certain degree, in accordance with Stojan Maksimović, the original designer. The center will consist of two, equally sized sections: a business-commercial section, and a congressional-cultural section. The seating capacity of the main, "Blue Hall", will be somewhat expanded. The congressional zone will have 45 rooms, instead of 16 as it had before. Delta Holding claimed in July 2022 that it already had booked congresses for late 2023 through 2025, and that total cost of

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2604-473: The developing world, a footbridge may be a community's only access to medical clinics, schools, businesses and markets. Simple suspension bridge designs have been developed to be sustainable and easily constructed in such areas using only local materials and labor. An enclosed footbridge between two buildings is sometimes known as a skyway . Bridges providing for both pedestrians and cyclists are often referred to as greenbridges and form an important part of

2666-590: The earliest types of footbridge. Neolithic people also built a form of a boardwalk across marshes, of which the Sweet Track , and the Post Track are examples from England, that are around 6000 years old. Undoubtedly ancient peoples would also have used log bridges ; that is a timber bridge that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. Some of the first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees. Among

2728-402: The facade was announced as the first task, starting at the end of 2021. Delta Holding announced that only foreign architects would be included in the reconstruction. Works were scheduled for completion in 2023, with the company expecting a return on its investment after 12 to 15 years. The company continues to claim the price was too high, even though it paid only 180 € per square meter. Along with

2790-567: The inaugural Pritzker Architecture Prize was awarded in 1979. Local press of the time named it a "spaceship", "a glass garden", "the beauty on the Sava", "a concrete ship of peace", "goodwill house", etc. As the initial construction period overlapped with the finishing works at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the two structures were often compared at the time. While the famous Beaubourg was equally praised and criticized, Maksimović's work on Sava Centar

2852-474: The name "Sava Centar" itself is a city symbol and brand of its own, and that it would not be changed. The reconstruction of the building began on 23 December 2021, with an estimated deadline set for late 2023, or early 2024. Despite previous claims, all companies involved in the reconstruction were domestic. The main project was done by the Centroprojekt studio. The reconstructed venue is planned to resurface as

2914-584: The north bank of the River Arno until it crosses the river at Ponte Vecchio . It was built in five months by order of Duke Cosimo I de' Medici in 1565, to the design of Giorgio Vasari . Bank Bridge is a famous 25 metre long pedestrian bridge crossing the Griboedov Canal in Saint Petersburg , Russia. Like other bridges across the canal, the existing structure dates from 1826. The special popularity of

2976-527: The object has been described as excellent, elegantly "landing" in the New Belgrade's lowlands. The venue was labeled as spacious, comfortable, airy and visitors friendly. Unlike the exterior, the interior was changed a lot since the construction was ended. The art critics hailed it for the modern design, sharp lines, unusual outline, wide spans of the construction, cascade terraces, concrete brise soleils , and visible, vividly colored architectural construction. It

3038-637: The oldest timber bridges is the Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden crossing upper Lake Zürich in Switzerland; the prehistoric timber piles discovered to the west of the Seedamm date back to 1523 B.C. The first wooden footbridge led across Lake Zürich , followed by several reconstructions at least until the late 2nd century AD, when the Roman Empire built a 6-metre-wide (20 ft) wooden bridge. Between 1358 and 1360, Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria , built

3100-514: The other stipulations. By this time, architects, economists, citizens' groups and political opposition parties began to criticize the city's handling of the matter, especially in the summer of 2020 when a similar, failed process was conducted for another symbol of Belgrade, the Beograđanka skyscraper. The city itself appraised Sava Centar at €108 million in 2016, but constantly kept offering it for 4 to 9 times less money, changing its mind and evading

3162-660: The public gratis. The record for the longest footbridge in the world was claimed by then New York State Governor David Paterson in a 2009 article about the walkway across the Hudson River at Poughkeepsie, New York . On July 22, 2017, the Champlain Bridge Ice Structure ( French : l'Estacade Champlain ), a bridge built for bicycles and foot traffic only to parallel the Champlain Bridge from Brossard, Quebec west to Nun's Island (L'ile Des Soeurs) &

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3224-426: The purchase, investment and renovation would be north of €90 million. In January 2023, Delta Holding scheduled a partial reopening of the venue for November 2023. The congressional section, with 40 halls, is scheduled to be opened, including one immersive hall . The overall value of the renovation was again raised, to over €100 million. Congressional section was reopened on 14 November 2023, with Delta Holding claiming

3286-449: The reconstruction of broken glass on the sideways-facing facade, the acquisition of stage audio equipment for concert appearances and the replacement of seats in the main halls. By 2017, the 40-years old complex was in a bad financial situation. After it was built, investments into preserving and enhancing the complex were minimal. The city, which owned the facility, decided to find a strategic partner who would take 49% of ownership, while

3348-441: The required amount of future investment, but two weeks later this process failed as well, with nobody applying. After this, the city made another offer for an even lower €17.5 million on 19 October. Delta Holding applied as the sole bidder, finally purchasing the venue on 9 November 2020, and announcing an investment of €60 million, even higher than stipulated by the contract. Reconstruction was announced for late 2021. Replacement of

3410-460: The stage set-up. As a result, the seats can be taken out. It is also the place major cinema premiers are hosted. In terms of architecture, Sava Centar is fitted into the larger urban area, which developed later under its influence (especially the green glass facades), and consists of the Blocks 19 and 20, encompassing buildings in the modern, glass and steel, style. The complex includes: Architecture of

3472-576: The third bidding was announced in June 2017, no one applied. In November 2017 the city announced another bidding in the future, but ordered three public utility companies (Belgrade Power Plants, Public Cleaning and Belgrade Waterworks and Sewage) to write off all debts from Sava Centar, in order to make it more attractive for the buyers. The bidding was open in December, with the city asking for at least €12.5 million. Despite debt write-offs, Sava Centar remained one of

3534-414: The traffic below. It was originally usual for passengers to cross from one railway platform to another by stepping over the tracks, but from the mid-19th century onwards safety demanded the provision of a footbridge (or underpass ) at busier places. However, in some quieter areas, crossing the line by walking over the tracks is possible. Narrow footbridges or walkways to allow workers access to parts of

3596-441: The venue. Miloje Popović, the first manager of the venue, said that the city was making a mistake by selling it, that they should devise the right policy for congressional tourism instead, as such buildings are never built to be commercial on their own, instead attracting thousands of people whose spending benefits the entire community. Some economists added that the city's claims of lacking funds to invest in Sava Centar were false, as

3658-447: Was Radomir Mihajlović, Maksimović's colleague. The urban plan for the area was created by Miloš Perović. Work began in April 1976 and after a bit over a year, the building was ceremonially opened on 14 May 1977 by Tito. Construction itself lasted 11 months. Work on the first stage had to be rushed due to the scheduled OSCE conference, planned for 15 June 1977. Today, this date is considered as

3720-687: Was noted that "hardly any other building...will communicate with the surroundings so perfectly". Sava Centar has hosted among others Gennady Rozhdestvensky , Zubin Mehta , Valery Gergiev , Eiji Oue , Mstislav Rostropovich , Henryk Szeryng , Ivo Pogorelić , Vladimir Ashkenazy , Plácido Domingo , Montserrat Caballé , Johan Strauss Orchestra, Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra , The USSR Ministry Of Culture Orchestra , National Symphony Orchestra (NSO), Okazu Philharmonic Orchestra , Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra , Metropole Orchestra , Miles Davis , Dizzy Gillespie , Nina Simone , Ray Charles , John Mayall &

3782-806: Was originally built c. 1365 as part of Lucerne's fortifications. An early example of a skyway is the Vasari Corridor , an elevated, enclosed passageway in Florence , Italy, which connects the Palazzo Vecchio with the Palazzo Pitti . Beginning on the south side of the Palazzo Vecchio, it then joins the Uffizi Gallery and leaves on its south side, crossing the Lungarno dei Archibusieri and then following

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3844-426: Was universally lauded. On 17 August 2006, the parking lot at Sava Centar was renovated to a capacity of 410 cars. As a result of the renovation, parking fees were introduced for the first time at Sava Centar but were lifted around 2016/2017. In its jubilee year of 2007, when Sava Centar marked its 30th anniversary, substantial financing was utilized to reconstruct the glass facade. Furthermore, city authorities funded

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