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63-524: The 2002 Bali bombings were a series of terrorist attacks that occurred on 12 October 2002, in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali . The attacks killed 202 people (including 88 Australians , 38 Indonesians , 23 Britons , and people of more than 20 other nationalities) and a further 209 people were injured. General Da'i Bachtiar , the Indonesian National Police at

126-568: A "last-minute legal challenge by the relatives of Imam Samudra, Amrozi Nurhasyim and Ali Ghufron will not change or delay the execution." They were moved to isolation cells, and execution spots were ready on the Nusakambangan island prison where they were being held. Local chief prosecutor Muhammad Yamin said they would be "executed simultaneously" but at different locations. Amrozi, Imam Samudra and Ali Ghufron were executed by firing squad after midnight on 9 November 2008 ( West Indonesian time ). In

189-470: A bomb in his backpack, causing many patrons, with or without injuries, to immediately flee into the street. Twenty seconds later, a second and much more powerful car bomb hidden inside a white Mitsubishi van was detonated by another suicide bomber outside the Sari Club , a renowned open-air thatch-roof bar located opposite Paddy's Pub . The bombing occurred during one of the busiest tourist periods of

252-568: A copy of the Supreme Court rejection of our previous appeal." Indonesia's Supreme Court denied previous petitions for judicial review amid the constitutional court's dismissal of the bombers' appeals. Denpasar court official Nengah Sanjaya said the 3-page appeal would be sent to a Cilacap , central Java court. But the Attorney General's office said on 1 November the execution was "very close". Supreme Court judge Djoko Sarwoko, however, said

315-440: A crater one meter (3.3 feet) deep created by the car bomb. There were 202 fatalities and 209 injuries. After the first Bali bombing in 2002 at Kuta, which killed 202 people including 88 Australians, a permanent memorial was built on the site of the destroyed Paddy's Pub on Legian Street. (A new bar, named "Paddy's: Reloaded", was reopened further along Legian Street). The memorial is made of intricately carved stone , set with

378-577: A dealership and purchased a new Yamaha motorbike, after asking how much they could re-sell it for if they returned it in a few days. Imron used the motorbike to plant the small bomb outside the U.S. Consulate. Idris then rode the motorbike as Imron drove two suicide bombers in the Mitsubishi to the nightclub district in Kuta. He stopped near the Sari Club, instructed one suicide bomber to put on his explosives vest and

441-471: A large marble plaque, which bears the names and nationalities of each of those killed. It is flanked by the national flags of the victims. The monument is well-maintained and illuminated at night. The memorial was dedicated on 12 October 2004, the second anniversary of the attack. The dedication included a Balinese Hindu ceremony and the opportunity for mourners to lay flowers and other offerings. The Australian ambassador and Indonesian officials attended

504-522: A poll showed that 77% of Australians approved of the death sentence for Amrozi. The Australian government said it would not ask Indonesia to refrain from using the death penalty. On 15 August, Riduan Isamuddin , generally known as Hambali, described as the operational chief of Jemaah Islamiyah was arrested in Ayutthaya, Thailand, the old capital one hour's drive north of Bangkok . He is in American custody in

567-576: A prison term of four years. He said he would appeal. On 15 October 2004, he was arrested by the Indonesian authorities and charged with involvement in another bomb attack, which killed 14 people at the J. W. Marriott hotel in Jakarta on 5 August 2003. Secondary charges in this indictment accused him of involvement in the Bali bombing, the first time he faced charges in relation to this attack. On 3 March 2005, Bashir

630-846: A third much smaller device detonated outside the United States consulate in Denpasar , causing only minor damage. On 9 November 2005, one of the top JI's bomb-maker and former Malaysian university lecturer Azahari Husin was killed in a police raid on a house in Batu, East Java . Azahari was believed to be the technical mastermind behind the Bali bombings and several bomb attacks in Indonesia. Three years later, on 9 November 2008, Amrozi bin Nurhasyim , Imam Samudra and Huda bin Abdul Haq were executed by firing squad on

693-586: The Constitutional Court , found by a margin of five to four that trying the terrorist suspects under these retroactive laws violated Article 28I(1) of the constitution [2]. The minority judges argued that international human rights documents such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights allowed an exception to not applying retrospective legislation in the prosecution of crimes against humanity. The majority found that this argument

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756-564: The Guantanamo Bay detention camp . On 23 July 2004, one of the convicted bombers, Maskur Abdul Kadir , successfully appealed his conviction. He had been tried under retroactive laws which were introduced after the bombing and which were employed to aid the prosecution of those involved in the attack. These laws were used by the prosecution instead of existing criminal laws as they allowed the death penalty to be imposed and lowered certain evidentiary restrictions. The highest court in Indonesia,

819-586: The U.S. consulate in Denpasar , which is thought to have exploded shortly before the two Kuta bombs, caused minor injuries to one person and property damage was minimal. It was reportedly packed with human excrement . A report released in August 2005 by the United States-Indonesia Society (USINDO) described the events as follows: The investigators were thus able to recreate the bombers activities. Amrozi, Idris and Ali Imron had simply walked into

882-547: The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1438 condemning the attack as a threat to international peace and security. There were many acts of individual heroism in the aftermath of the bombings. Several of these acts would receive official recognition under Australia's honours and awards system, particularly in the Special Honours List for 2003 . Timothy Britten , a Senior Constable with

945-581: The Bali Sani Suites in Berawa. In its early history, Kuta was a small fishing village. As Kuta, specifically Kuta beach, became increasingly popular among Western visitors in the 1930s, the village began to grow. In the 1960s, Kuta became a popular destination for tourists and surfers due to good wave conditions. Kuta continued to grow in the 1970s, with hotels, souvenir shops, and restaurants opening in response to increasing tourism. On 12 October 2002, Kuta

1008-422: The Bali attack. Former FBI agent Ali Soufan confirmed in his book, The Black Banners , that al-Qaeda did in fact finance the attack. In addition, Riduan Isamuddin confessed that al-Qaeda had sent him US$ 30,000 to fund the bombings of the two nightclubs. Aris Munandar (aka Sheik Aris) is a Jemaah Islamiyah associate linked to Bashir. He is believed to have assisted the Bali bomber Amrozi in acquiring some of

1071-526: The Bali attacks and a 2003 bombing of the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta . On 12 October 2005, a story in Australian broadcaster SBS 's documentary series Dateline , called "Inside Indonesia's War on Terrorism", argued that the Indonesian military or police may have been involved in executing the attack. On 13 June 2007, it was reported that Abu Dujana , who might have headed a terrorist cell in Bali,

1134-724: The Denpasar Sanglah Hospital running the trauma centre for the bombing victims. After he disappeared in Africa and Europe for three years, the Governor General 's department finally tracked him down and awarded Parkinson the Medal of the Order of Australia in 2005. The Mitsubishi L300 van bomb was initially thought to have consisted of C4 , a military grade plastic explosive which is difficult to obtain. However, investigators discovered

1197-434: The Indonesian media to stop calling the three "heroes". The Denpasar District Court, on 3 November, accepted a reprieve motion to reconsider the death sentences. Fahmi Bachmid, a lawyer for the family of Jafar Sodiq, a brother of Amrozi and Mukhlas, stated: "We lodged the judicial review to Denpasar court to question (previous) decisions." Lawyer Imam Asmara Hadi stated: "We have lodged an appeal because we haven't received

1260-418: The Sari Club to resume looking for Gajado, but was persuaded by a friend that it was too dangerous to do so (Gajado was ultimately determined to have been killed instantly); she thus went back to attending to Singer, helping other people to get him into a car to be taken to hospital. Singer died in hospital a month later. Separately from her Commendation for Brave Conduct award, a photograph of Luke helping Singer

1323-450: The TNT. The total weight of the van bomb was 1,020 kilograms (2,250 lb). The large, high-temperature blast damage produced by this mixture was similar to a thermobaric explosive, although the bombers may not have known this. The organization suspected of responsibility for the bombing was Jemaah Islamiyah , an Islamist group allegedly led by radical cleric Abu Bakar Bashir . A week after

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1386-576: The Western Australia Police Force, and Richard Joyes were both awarded the Cross of Valour , Australia's highest civilian honour, for entering the burning remains of the Sari Club to free a badly injured woman from the wreckage; after they had rescued the woman on the third attempt, both men then searched for other potential survivors until the increasing intensity of the flames and of secondary explosions made this impossible. Both men were aware of

1449-538: The blasts, Arab satellite channel Al-Jazeera put to air an audio-cassette purportedly carrying a recorded voice message from Osama bin Laden that stated the Bali bombings were in direct retaliation for support of the United States' War on Terror and Australia's role in the liberation of East Timor . You will be killed just as you kill, and will be bombed just as you bomb. Expect more that will further distress you. The recording did not however claim responsibility for

1512-524: The bomb was made from potassium chlorate , aluminium powder, and sulfur . For the Sari club bomb with the L300 van, the terrorists assembled 12 plastic filing cabinets filled with explosives. The cabinets, each containing a potassium chlorate, aluminum powder, sulfur mixture with a TNT booster, were connected by 150 metres (490 ft) of PETN -filled detonating cord. Ninety-four RDX electric detonators were fitted to

1575-547: The bombing of the Sari Club; he was thrown onto his back and badly winded. Despite intense heat and flames, Meredith and his friends managed to help about ten other survivors escape by lifting them over a wall; while the wall ended up collapsing under people's weight, injuring Meredith's feet and depriving him of the already limited protection of his thong sandals, he managed to get to a staircase from where he helped yet more survivors get to safety. Meredith would ultimately be left with several burns and cuts to his feet. Lauren Munro

1638-458: The bombing, was sentenced to life imprisonment on 18 September. A fourth accused, Ali Ghufron , the brother-in-law of Noordin Mohammed Top was sentenced to death on 1 October. Ali Ghufron, alias Mukhlas, told police that he was the head of one of Jemaah Islamiyah's four cells and had ordered the Bali bombings. He also confessed that a fellow leader Riduan Isamuddin, known as Hambali, had provided

1701-468: The ceremony as most of the victims were Australian. The beach has been notable since the early 1970s. Kuta (koo-tah) beach is also known as Sunset Beach, as opposed to the Sunrise Beach, another name for Sanur Beach . Luxury resorts, restaurants, and clubs are located along the beach. In 2011, a two-meter white sandstone fence, built in a Balinese architecture style, was built along the road to block

1764-690: The expat crowd live. Also to the north are Petitenget , Berawa , Canggu , and Seseh — new and quieter continuations of Kuta's beach. They are easy to reach through Abian Timbul or Denpasar and Kerobokan . Several large hotels are located in this area: the Oberoi Bali , Template:Multiple image Hard Rock Hotel Bali , the Intan Bali Village , the Legian Bali in Petitenget, the Dewata Beach , and

1827-418: The explosives used in the Bali bombings. Philippine intelligence considers Munandar to be associated with Mohammad Abdullah Sughayer, a Saudi national Abu Sayyaf Group in southern Philippines. Munandar is still at large. A report by the United States-Indonesia Society describes the arrest of Amrozi and other suspects. General Pastika ordered his men to make the arrest early the next morning, November. Amrozi

1890-436: The final moment, there was no remorse or repentance, and they shouted: Allahu Akbar , or "God is great!" Despite his carefree demeanor throughout his trial and incarceration, the Australian edition of The Daily Telegraph reported Amrozi was pale-faced and shaking in the moments before his execution. For burial, Mukhlas and Amrozi's bodies were flown by helicopter to Tenggulun, Lamongan , East Java , while Imam Samudra's body

1953-511: The fire. Ben Clohessy was also rendered unconscious by the blast that destroyed the Sari Club and also rescued or helped to rescue other survivors after regaining consciousness. Goold, Meredith, Munro, and Clohessy were all awarded the Star of Courage (SC) on 17 October 2003 for their respective actions. Awards of the Commendation for Brave Conduct were made to, among other people, Hanabeth Luke. Luke

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2016-479: The funds for the attacks. He told police, I do not know for sure the source of the aforementioned money from Hambali; most probably it was from Afghanistan , that is, from Sheikh Usama bin Laden. As far as I know, Hambali did not have a source of funds except from Afghanistan. Another operative, Wan Min bin Wan Mat, revealed to police that he had given Mukhlas money, at Hambali's request and that he understood part of

2079-514: The government and establish an Islamic state. The specific charges against Bashir related to a series of church bombings on Christmas Eve in 2000, and to a plot to bomb United States and other Western interests in Singapore . He was initially not charged over the Bali attack, although he was frequently accused of being the instigator or inspirer of the attack. On 2 September, Bashir was acquitted of treason but convicted of lesser charges and sentenced to

2142-480: The island prison of Nusakambangan . On 9 March 2010, Dulmatin , nicknamed " The Genius "—believed to be responsible for setting off one of the Bali bombs with a mobile phone —was killed in a shoot-out with Indonesian police in Pamulang , South Tangerang . At 11:05 p.m. on 12 October 2002, a suicide bomber inside the nightclub Paddy's Pub (sometimes referred to as Paddy's Irish Bar or Paddy's Bar ) detonated

2205-600: The island's development. To this end, it has limited tourist development to the peninsula on the island's extreme southern aspect; Kuta beach is on this peninsula's western side and Sanur is on the east. To the north of the peninsula no new tourist development is supposedly permitted. To the south, Kuta Beach extends beyond the airport into Jimbaran . Other nearby towns and villages include Seseh (6.4 nm), Denpasar (4.5 nm), Ujung (1.8 nm), Pesanggaran (2.0 nm), Kedonganan (2.9 nm), and Tuban (1.0 nm). Badung Regency includes three districts with

2268-710: The media and from families trying to trace loved ones. After three days of this, the Poores flew to Richard's native New Zealand where they organised the collection of eighty boxes of medical supplies; they then returned to Bali with these supplies as well as two burns nurses. Halemai and the Poores were honoured with the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM), with Gilana Poore's OAM being awarded on 26 January 2005, Halemai's OAM being awarded on 13 June 2005, and Richard Poore's OAM being awarded on 22 August 2005. James Parkinson, an emergency nurse, worked alongside Doctor Hogg from Wollongong in

2331-435: The money had come directly from al-Qaeda. As noted below, all three were executed on 9 November 2008. The Australian, US, and many other foreign governments expressed satisfaction with the speed and efficiency with which the Indonesian police and courts dealt with the bombings primary suspects, despite what they characterized as light sentences. All Australian jurisdictions abolished the death penalty more than 30 years ago, but

2394-501: The motorbike at a place where it eventually attracted the attention of the caretaker. The final death toll was 202, mainly comprising Western tourists and holiday-makers in their 20s and 30s who were in or near Paddy's Pub or the Sari Club, but also including many Balinese Indonesians working or living nearby, or simply passing by. Hundreds more people suffered horrific burns and other injuries. The largest group among those killed were tourists from Australia with 88 fatalities. On 14 October,

2457-489: The name of Kuta: Kuta is now the center of an extensive tourist-oriented urban area that merges into the neighboring towns. Legian, to the north, is the commercial hub of Kuta and the site of many restaurants and entertainment spots. Most of the area's big beachfront hotels are in the southern section of Tuban. Legian and Seminyak are northern extensions of Kuta along Jl. Legian and Jl. Basangkasa. They are somewhat quieter suburbs with cottage-style accommodations, where many of

2520-427: The names of six others involved in the bombing: Ali Imron, Imam Samudra, Dul Matin, Idris, Abdul Ghani and Umar Patek. But Amrozi's mobile phone proved to be the real catch. Indonesian investigators were able to print out a list of calls he had made immediately before, during and after the bombing, as well as the names and telephone numbers in the phone's memory. Pastika kept Amrozi's arrest secret for two days. After it

2583-478: The now-burning building, sustaining burns to her right arm and hand in the process, in order to rescue her friend, Nicole McLean, who had been heavily injured by the blasts. After asking two men for their shirts in order to use these as improvised tourniquets for her friend's wounds, Goold secured McLean's transportation to a local hospital and then stayed with her during their medical evacuation to Australia. Robert Meredith and his group of friends were caught up in

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2646-589: The other to arm the vehicle bomb. The first bomber headed to Paddy's Pub. Idris then left the second bomber, who had only learned to drive in a straight line, to drive the minivan the short distance to the Sari Club. Idris picked up Imron on the Yamaha and the duo headed back into Denpasar. Idris dialed the number of the Nokia to detonate the bomb at the Consulate. The two suicide bombers exploded their devices. Imron and Idris dropped

2709-413: The possibility of being injured or even killed (Britten specifically believed in the possibility of yet another bomb being detonated at any moment in order to disrupt rescue efforts and kill emergency workers) and would indeed sustain several injuries during their efforts to rescue the woman and find other survivors. Natalie Goold initially escaped from Paddy's Bar after the bombings but then went back into

2772-548: The primary chemical used in the Sari Club bomb. Police found receipts for the purchase of chemicals used to make the bombs, as well as a list of expenses incurred in making the bombs. Further search of Amrozi's home revealed copies of speeches by Osama bin Laden, and Abu Bakar Bashir, the radical Indonesian Muslim cleric reputed to be the leader of Jemaah Islamiyah. The speeches exhorted listeners to wage jihad . Police also uncovered training manuals on ambush techniques and numerous articles on jihad. Under questioning Amrozi revealed

2835-426: The region often results in trash and plastic waste washing up on the shore. Locals and tourists volunteer to clean the waste. Kuta is well known in Bali for being a cheap tourist destination for Australians due to its close proximity. Kuta Beach is popular among surfers due to consistent and good wave conditions. Kuta Beach is also within close proximity to the airport. Kuta is mentioned in "I've Been To Bali Too",

2898-508: The retrospective law is unclear. The Constitutional Court is a relatively new body, created after the fall of Suharto , and this decision was one of the first to overrule the constitutionality of the government's application of a law. On 24 October 2008, Bali officials announced that three men convicted of carrying out the bombings would be executed by firing squad in November 2008. On 25 October 2008, Communications and Information Minister asked

2961-482: The sand from blowing to the cafes and restaurants. The project cost Rp. 4 billion ( USD $ 255,000). Some tourists dislike it as it is considered to be blocking the beach view, while others believe the wall helps dampen the sounds from the congested traffic on the adjacent street. To make the beach cleaner, as of late August 2011, vendors are prohibited from selling food on the beach, but they are still allowed to sell beverages and souvenirs. The annual monsoon season in

3024-497: The scale of the disaster and was overwhelmed with the number of injured, particularly burn victims. There were so many people injured by the explosion that some of the injured had to be placed in hotel pools near the explosion site to ease the pain of their burns. Many of the injured were forced to be flown extreme distances to Darwin (1,800 km or 1,100 mi) and Perth (2,600 km or 1,600 mi) for specialist burn treatment. A comparatively small bomb detonated outside

3087-484: The time, said that the bombings was the "worst act of terror in Indonesia's history". Various members of Jemaah Islamiyah (also abbreviated JI), a violent Islamist group, were convicted in relation to the bombings, including three individuals who were sentenced to death . The attack involved the detonation of three bombs : a backpack -mounted device carried by a suicide bomber ; a large car bomb , both of which were detonated in or near popular nightclubs in Kuta; and

3150-464: The year in Kuta Beach , driven in part by many Australian sporting teams making their annual end-of-season holiday . Damage to the densely populated residential and commercial district was immense, destroying neighbouring buildings and shattering windows several blocks away. The car bomb explosion left a one-metre-deep (3.3 ft) crater. The local Sanglah Hospital was ill-equipped to deal with

3213-399: Was also caught up in the Sari bombing, being rendered unconscious; when he came to, he pulled free an injured woman who had been trapped under roof beams, and carried her out of the building and over a wall of rubble. Munro helped several other people get over the same wall before re-entering the Sari Club and spending the next two hours carrying out many more injured people and helping to fight

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3276-461: Was announced, Polri monitored the sudden flurry of communications among numbers listed in Amrozi's telephone before the calls abruptly ceased. The investigators were able to identify the location of a number of the telephones, leading to a series of arrests. Indonesian authorities also believe more suspects remain at large. In 2005, Indonesian police arrested 24 additional people suspected of involvement in

3339-427: Was asleep in the rear of the house. According to Greg Barton's account, Amrozi did not attempt to escape, but laughed instead, later exclaiming, "Gosh, you guys are very clever, how did you find me?" Amrozi's mobile phone, a particularly important piece of evidence, was seized during his arrest. Bags of chemical ingredients for bombs were found in his workshop and soil samples taken from outside his home showed traces of

3402-490: Was captured. Just past midnight on 9 November 2008, the three convicted of carrying out the bombings (Imam Samudra, Amrozi Nurhasyim, and Ali Ghufron) were executed by a firing squad. Umar Patek was finally arrested in Abbottabad , Pakistan in early 2011. The U.S. government had offered a US$ 1 million reward for his arrest. Patek is a suspect in other bombings as well as the one in Bali. Another suspect named Zulkarnaen

3465-457: Was finally arrested in Lampung on 10 December 2020. He was also stated to have orchestrated numerous Jemaah Islamiyah-related incidents in the past and been one of the executives of said terrorist group. In April 2003, Indonesian authorities charged Abu Bakar Bashir (also rendered "Ba'asyir"), the alleged spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, with treason . It was alleged that he tried to overthrow

3528-471: Was flown to Serang , Banten , amid "welcome martyrs" banner displayed at the cemetery. The execution caused high tension and sparked clashes in Tenggulun between hundreds of police and supporters. Indonesian singer and TV presenter Dorce Gamalama attended the funeral of Imam Samudra. After praying with the crowd, she spent half an hour in the house of the executed man and spoke with his mother. On leaving she

3591-423: Was found not guilty of the charges surrounding the 2003 bombing, but guilty of conspiracy over the 2002 attacks in Bali. He was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment. The Australian, US, and many governments expressed its disappointment that the sentence was too short. In the outcome, Bashir was freed on 14 June 2006 having served less than 26 months for his conspiracy. On 21 December 2006, Bashir's conviction

3654-614: Was in the Sari Club with her partner Marc Gajado at the time of the second bombing, with the explosion throwing her to the ground. After managing to escape the now-burning building by climbing through its collapsed roof using severed electrical wire, Luke began a search for Gajado, during which she came across a badly injured Tom Singer. Singer was lying close to a burning car and Luke believed that he would be engulfed in flames if he remained there. When Singer confirmed that he could not stand up independently, Luke helped him to his feet and supported him in walking away. Luke then tried to return to

3717-409: Was inconsistent with the text of Article 28I(1) which states that the rights listed there "cannot be limited under any circumstances". Following this decision, charges related to the bombings against Idris, who had confessed to participating in the attacks to the police and court, were dismissed. The legal status of Kadir, Idris and others who might have their convictions quashed following the ruling on

3780-521: Was overturned by Indonesia's Supreme Court. On 30 April 2003, the first charges related to the Bali bombings were made against Amrozi bin Haji Nurhasyim, known as Amrozi, for allegedly buying the explosives and the van used in the bombings. On 8 August, he was found guilty and sentenced to death. Another participant in the bombing, Imam Samudra , was sentenced to death on 10 September. Amrozi's brother, Ali Imron, who had expressed remorse for his part in

3843-485: Was published in news media around the world in the days after the bombings. Kusitino 'Kossy' Halemai, a Wallis and Futuna -born Australian citizen who was managing the Bounty Hotel in Kuta at the time of the attacks, sheltered survivors in the immediate aftermath of the blasts. A makeshift triage area in the hotel's reception area was organised by Richard and Gilana Poore, with the couple also fielding phone calls from

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3906-578: Was quoted as saying "I'm certain he's gone to heaven". Ma'ruf Amin , deputy chairman of the Indonesian Ulemas Council, the chief body for Islamic clerics in Indonesia said of the men: "They did not die a holy death. That can only be in a war and Indonesia is not at war." Kuta, Bali The Balinese Provincial Government has taken the view that the preservation of the Balinese culture , natural resources, and wildlife are of primary importance in

3969-484: Was the site of two bombings carried out by Jemaah Islamiyah suicide bombers , a violent Islamist group. At 11:05 p.m., a suicide bomber detonated a bomb inside his backpack at the nightclub Paddy's Pub , injuring many. Around 20 seconds later, a more explosive car bomb was detonated in a white Mitsubishi van in the bar Sari Club , opposite Paddy's Pub on Legian Street. The heavily populated residential and commercial district sustained substantial damage, with

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