Saran district is one of the 38 districts of Indian state of Bihar . The district, part of Saran Division , is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra .
56-463: It is considered as one of the richest zamindaris of Bihar after Raj Darbhanga , Hathwa Raj , Bettiah Raj and Raj Najarganj, Saran Raj . It is said that "Saran" is a corrupted version of the word Sarangaranya (forest of deer). According to legend, earlier it was a dense forest full of deer and the home of Rishi Sarangi. Another suggestion is that the name is corruption of Sakra-aranya (the forest of Indra). Chirand , 10 kilometres east of Chhapra,
112-571: A literacy rate of 68.57%. 8.94% of the population lives in urban areas. Languages of Saran district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 93.16% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri , 4.45% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language. Languages include Bhojpuri , a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 million speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts. The nearest airport to Saran District
168-680: Is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths- 4.957 million-strong Sarnaism , 1.026 million-strong Gond , 506,000-strong Sari , Donyi-Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate. Maharashtra is having the highest number of non-religious in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in northern parts of India. The Indian census takes
224-577: Is Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport in Patna , approximately 74 kilometres (46 mi) away. Raj Darbhanga The Darbhanga Raj , also known as Raj Darbhanga and the Khandwala dynasty , was a Maithil Brahmin dynasty and the rulers of territories, not all contiguous, that were part of the Mithila region , now divided between India and Nepal. The rulers of Raj Darbhanga were Maithil Brahmins and their seat in
280-513: Is a primarily agriculture based rural and suburban region with little industrial output. This can partly be attributed to the non business friendly socialism inspired governments led by RJD in the region from 2001 to 2014. That period was marked by unethical election practices. The present collector and District Magistrate of Saran is IAS Aman Samir. The Divisional Commissioner is Sarvanan M(I.A.S). The district has three subdivisions, 20 community development blocks and 1,807 villages. According to
336-554: Is a stratified Neolithic , Chalcolithic , and Iron Age settlement, which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period. The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD. Hathwa Raj was a zamindar dynasty in
392-658: Is awarded the Darbhanga Cup. Raja Bishweshwar Singh was one of the founding members of the All India Football Federation , the prime governing body for football in India. Raja Bahadur, along with Rai Bahadur Jyoti Prasad Singh of Hariharpur Estate, were the Honorary Secretaries of the federation upon its inception in 1935. 2011 census of India The 2011 census of India or the 15th Indian census
448-589: Is being constructed in Chhapra . This 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk, is being constructed at the cost of ₹ 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL). It is longer than the 1.8 km (1.1 mi) double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road . Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid
504-646: Is home to many religions such as Hinduism , Islam , Christianity , Buddhism , Sikhism and Jainism , while also being home to several indigenous faiths and tribal religions which have been practiced alongside major religions for centuries. According to the 2011 census, the total number of households in India is 248.8 million. Of which 202.4 million are Hindu, 31.2 million are Muslim, 6.3 million are Christian, 4.1 million are Sikh, and 1.9 million are Jain According to 2011 census, there are around 3.01 million places of worship in India. The religious data on India census 2011
560-474: Is the most populous state with roughly 200 million people. Over half the population resided in the six most populous states of Uttar Pradesh , Maharashtra , Bihar , West Bengal , Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh . Of the 1.21 billion Indians, 833 million (68.84%) live in rural areas while 377 million stay in urban areas. 453.6 million people in India are migrants, which is 37.8% of total population. India
616-427: Is trilingual. Hindi, Bengali speakers are India's least multilingual groups. Numbers regarding languages spoken available in the 2011 Indian census data may not reflect actual data in India due to how the data was collected, with participants being allowed to give any response they wished for what languages they spoke. Any individual above age seven who can read and write in any language with an ability to understand
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#1732858460430672-484: The 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oregon . This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 1,493 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,870/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%. Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1,000 males, and
728-499: The British Raj in 1931. During the early census, people often exaggerated their caste status to garner social status and it is expected that people downgrade it now in the expectation of gaining government benefits. Earlier, there was speculation that there would be a caste-based census conducted in 2011, the first time in 80 years (last was in 1931), to find the exact population of the " Other Backward Classes " (OBCs) in India. This
784-643: The Kshatriya surname of Singh and also made use of force when it came to pursuing their interests. They defended their domains against raiders from Nepal and fought battles against local Rajput Rajas. The Raj Darbhanga also made the Senas of Makwanpur in Nepal their subordinates with the Senas having to pay tribute to the Rajas of Darbhanga. The Raj Darbhanga used its military to help
840-593: The 2011 census 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade-by-decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been awarded "National Minority" status – Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India. As per 2011 census, six major faiths- Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while "other religions, persuasions" (ORP) count
896-513: The British and kept trying to be accorded gun salutes and other privileges but it never materialised. Rulers of Darbhanga included: Darbhanga has several palaces that were built during the Darbhanga Raj era. They include Nargona Palace , which was constructed after the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake and has since been donated to Lalit Narayan Mithila University , and Lakshmivilas Palace . which
952-636: The Nawabs of Bengal in suppressing rebellions from Bettiah , the chieftains of the Terai and Banjaras although the Rajas of Darbhanga themselves still refused to pay taxes or tribute to the Nawabs. In 1750, Alivardi Khan of Bengal sent a force against Narendra Singh of Darbhanga following his refusal to remit revenue however this force was defeated. The descendants of Mahesh Thakur gradually consolidated their power in social, agrarian, and political matters and came to be regarded as kings of Madhubani . Darbhanga became
1008-530: The Netherlands. The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with
1064-502: The Saran division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars , which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees. The Hindi version of Saran Gazetteer titled as Srijan was released in September 2016. Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi), equivalent to Drenthe province in
1120-727: The Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia. The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the Gandak ;– Ganges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions: India's biggest double-decker flyover
1176-650: The day of Ram Navami in 1557. Akbar had been impressed with his "great erudition". Henningham was of the opinion that Akbar made use of Mahesh Thakur by helping the Maithil Brahmins to displace the Rajputs as the local ruling elite. In 1684, Aurangzeb issued a firman that had the effect of differentiating Raj Darbhanga from other estates of the region. The lands belonging to the Darbhanga family were theirs permanently and became private property rather than belonging to
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#17328584604301232-649: The empire. Raj Darbhanga from this point onwards was legally independent and no longer had to pay tribute to the Nawabs of Bengal . In a report to the Patna Committee of review, Shitab Rai, the naib diwan of Bihar, admitted that the weak state of the empire had rendered many of the zamindars, including Raj Darbhanga, independent. Henningham described the Raj Darbhanga as a "semi-independent chieftainship". The rulers of Darbhanga in keeping with their elevated status, adopted
1288-547: The end of the 18th century, the Sarkar of Tirhut was practically an independent kingdom until the conquest of Bengal and Bihar by the British. The Raj Darbhanga was also much larger when compared with many of the princely states in Western parts of India, many of whom only contained a population of 200 people. These princely states also lacked the magisterial powers that Raj Darbhanga had. Its annual income of approximately 4 million rupees
1344-519: The estate was impartible and succession was to be governed by primogeniture. Zamindari estates in the region, including Darbhanga, sought intervention from the Court of Wards from time to time because the stewardship of the British authorities, who invested funds wisely, had a tendency to boost their economic position. The estate had in any event been badly run prior to this time: a complex system influenced by both nepotism and sycophancy had dramatically affected
1400-409: The estimated world average of US$ 4.60 per person. Information on castes was included in the census following demands from several ruling coalition leaders including Lalu Prasad Yadav , and Mulayam Singh Yadav supported by opposition parties Bharatiya Janata Party , Shiromani Akali Dal , Shiv Sena and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam . Information on caste was last collected during
1456-446: The family's rental income. The bureaucratic system introduced by the Court, whose appointed officials had no ties to the area, resolved the issue although, being focussed entirely on what was best for the owners, it did so without considering the consequences for the tenants. Towards the end of the 19th century, 47 percent of the cropped area of the Darbhanga estate was used for the cultivation of rice. Three percent of total cultivation
1512-443: The first time in 2011. The overall sex ratio of the population is 943 females for every 1,000 males in 2011. The official count of the third gender in India is 490,000 The population of India as per 2011 census was 1,210,854,977. India added 181.5 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of Brazil . India, with 2.4% of the world's surface area, accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh
1568-457: The foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022. The width of the flyover will be 5.5 meters. The double-decker flyover will be constructed from the eastern side of Bhikhari Thakur roundabout on NH- 19 crossing the police lines, Gandhi Chowk, Mouna Chowk, Nagarpalika (Rajendra) Chowk, bus stand and end at Daroga Rai Chowk near Zila school on
1624-417: The information was collected and digitised, fingerprints were taken and photos collected. Unique Identification Authority of India was to issue a 12-digit identification number to all individuals and the first ID have been issued in 2011. Provisional data from the census was released on 31 March 2011 (and was updated on 20 May 2013). Transgender population was counted in population census in India for
1680-431: The main deities of the royal family. Even though they were deeply religious, they were also secular in their outlook. The palace area in Darbhanga has three tombs of Muslim saints and a small mosque. The walls of fort at Darbhanga was designed to leave an area so that the mosque is not disturbed. The tomb of a Muslim saint is located next to Anandbagh Palace. As part of their attempt to reintroduce old Hindu customs such as
1736-718: The northern part of the Indian state of Bihar was under a state of lawlessness at the end of the Tughlaq Dynasty . The Tughlaq had attacked and taken control of Bihar and from the end of the Tughlaq Dynasty until the establishment of the Mughal Empire in 1526 there was anarchy and chaos in the region with various Rajput clans fighting for power. Akbar , the Mughal emperor, realised that taxes from Mithila could only be collected if there
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1792-527: The objective of publishing Tantric texts in English and other languages. Darbhanga became one of the prominent centres of Hindustani classical music from the late 18th century. The kings of Raj Darbhanga were great patrons of music, art, and culture. Several famous musicians were associated with Raj Darbhanga. Prominent amongst them were Ustad Bismillah Khan, Gauhar Jaan , Pandit Ram Chatur Mallik, Pandit Rameshwar Pathak , and Pandit Siya Ram Tiwari. Raj Darbhanga
1848-562: The seat of power of the Raj Darbhanga family in 1762. They also had a palace at Rajnagar Bihar situated in Madhubani district. They bought land from local people. They became known as a Khandavala family (the richest landlord). For a period of twenty years (1860–1880), Darbhanga Raj was placed under the Court of Wards by the British Raj . During this period, Darbhanga Raj was involved in litigation regarding succession. This litigation decided that
1904-493: The study of Vedas and Vedic rites, the Maharaja reintroduced Samavedic study by inviting a few well-versed Samavedins from south India to teach there. Maharaja Rameshwar Singh established and was general president of Sri Bharat Dharma Mahamadal, a neo-conservative Hindu organisation that sought to make Hindu scriptures available to all castes and women. He was one of the main patrons of Agamanusandhana Samiti, an organisation with
1960-443: The third place, and Bengali in the fourth place, according to the 2011 census of India . The 2011 census report on bilingualism and trilingualism , which provides data on the two languages in order of preference in which a person is proficient other than the mother tongue, was released in September 2018. The number of bilingual speakers in India is 314.9 million, which is 26% of the population in 2011. 7% of Indian population
2016-633: The town of Darbhanga became the core of the Mithila region as the rulers were patrons of Maithil culture and the Maithili language . At its peak, the dynasty encompassed over 4000 square miles (10,360 km ) and is described as the "largest and richest of the North Bihar zamindaris and one of the greatest zamindaris of British India ". Despite not being recognised as a princely state by the British Raj, Darbhanga
2072-564: The western side of Chhapra . The upper portion of the double-decker flyover bridge would be 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long and the lower portion 3 km (1.9 mi). Saran was earlier called a 'money order economy' district, as people used to send remittances in money order to their families there. It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). It
2128-467: The widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of " Hindi languages ". According to 2011 census, 57.1% of Indian population know Hindi, in which 43.63% of Indian people have declared Hindi as their native language or mother tongue. The language data was released on 26 June 2018. Hindi is the fastest growing language of India , followed by Kashmiri in the second place, with Meitei (officially called Manipuri ) as well as Gujarati , in
2184-425: Was Maharaja Bahadur Sir Kameshwar Singh . He died in 1962 without naming a successor. The origin of the royal family of Darbhanga is traced to a grant of the Sarkar of Tirhut to Mahesh Thakur by Akbar. The supporters of the theory that Raj Darbhanga was a kingdom argue that it was held by privy council , that the rulership was a hereditary one with succession governed by primogeniture . The supporters argue that by
2240-499: Was Our Census, Our Future . Spread across 28 states and 8 union territories , the census covered 640 districts, 5,924 sub-districts, 7,935 towns and more than 600,000 villages. A total of 2.7 million officials visited households in 7,935 towns and 600,000 villages, classifying the population according to gender, religion, education and occupation. The cost of the exercise was approximately ₹ 2,200 crore (US$ 260 million) – this comes to less than US$ 0.50 per person, well below
2296-508: Was a circular structure in front of Manokamna Temple, which was known as the bandstand. The band used to play music there in the evening. Today the floor of the bandstand is the only part still extant. Raj Darbhanga promoted various sports activities. The polo ground in Laheriasarai was a major centre for polo in pre-independence times in Bihar. The winner of a major polo tournament in Calcutta
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2352-469: Was a king who could ensure peace there and by 1574 he had succeeded in defeating the Rajput Rajas of Tirhut . As per local tradition, Akbar summoned Rajpandit Chandrapati Thakur to Delhi and asked him to name one of his sons who could be made caretaker and tax collector for his lands in Mithila. Chandrapati Thakur named his middle son, Mahesh Thakur , whom Akbar then declared as the ruler of Mithila on
2408-520: Was a main patron of Dhrupad , a vocal style in Hindustani classical music. One of the three major schools of Dhrupad today is known as Darbhanga Gharana . Raj Darbhanga supported Murad Ali Khan, one of the foremost sarod players of his time. Khan is credited with being the first person to use metal strings and metal fingerboard plates on his sarod, which has today become the standard. Raj Darbhanga had its own symphony orchestra and police band. There
2464-594: Was also collected in the first phase. The second, the population enumeration phase, was conducted from 9 – 28 February 2011 all over the country. The eradication of epidemics, the availability of more effective medicines for the treatment of various types of diseases and the improvement in the standard of living were the main reasons for the high decadal growth of population in India. The House-listing schedule contained 35 questions. The Population enumeration schedule contained 30 questions. The National Population Register household schedule contained 9 questions. Once
2520-442: Was also on par with many a princely state. The opponents of the theory argue that Raj Darbhanga was never a kingdom but rather a zamindari with all the trappings of a princely state. The rulers of Raj Darbhanga were the largest landowners in India, and thus were called Raja, and later Maharaja and Maharajadhiraja. They were given the status of ruling prince. According to Arvind, they were "robber barons", who curried favour from
2576-487: Was collected in 16 languages and the training manual was prepared in 18 languages. In 2011, India and Bangladesh also conducted their first-ever joint census of areas along their border. The census was conducted in two phases. The first, the house-listing phase, began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of data about all the buildings and census houses. Information for the National Population Register
2632-401: Was conducted between 9 and 28 February 2011. Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was collected. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal growth of 17.70%. Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth of 9.21%. The motto of the census
2688-621: Was conducted in Kerala in 1968 by the Government of Kerala under E. M. S. Namboodiripad to assess the social and economic backwardness of various lower castes. The census was termed Socio-Economic Survey of 1968 and the results were published in the Gazetteer of Kerala, 1971. C. Chandramouli IAS was the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India for the 2011 Indian census. Census data
2744-462: Was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information for National Population Register (NPR) was also collected in the first phase, which will be used to issue a 12-digit unique identification number to all registered Indian residents by Unique Identification Authority of India . The second population enumeration phase
2800-400: Was considered literate. In censuses before 1991, children below the age five were treated as illiterates. The literacy rate taking the entire population into account is termed as "crude literacy rate", and taking the population from age seven and above into account is termed as "effective literacy rate". Effective literacy rate increased to a total of 74.04% with 82.14% of the males and 65.46% of
2856-506: Was given over to indigo at that time, making the estate one of the most important centres in the region for this crop prior to the introduction of chemical dyes. After the independence of India from British rule in 1947, the Government of India initiated several land reform actions and the Zamindari system was abolished. The fortunes of Darbhanga Raj dwindled. The last ruler of Raj Darbhanga
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#17328584604302912-505: Was larger and held more magisterial powers than many princely states, particularly those in Western India. The region was highly prosperous until the late 1990s. The Khandaval dynasty were Maithil Brahmins who came into prominence in the time of the Mughal emperor Akbar . The extent of their lands, which were not contiguous, varied over time, and by the British era, their area of ownership
2968-470: Was later accepted and the Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 was conducted whose first findings were revealed on 3 July 2015 by Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley . Mandal Commission report of 1980 quoted OBC population at 52%, though National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) survey of 2006 quoted OBC population at 41%. There is only one other instance of a caste count in post-independence India. It
3024-478: Was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million) while Sikhs are 20.8 million comprising 1.72% of the population, Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a "No religion" category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to "No Religion" in India in
3080-745: Was severely damaged in the 1934 earthquake, rebuilt, and later donated to Kameshwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University and Darbhanga Fort . Darbhanga Raj also had several palaces in other towns in India, including the Rajnagar Palace Complex at Rajnagar , in Madhubani District of Bihar, and Darbhanga House (currently the Loreto Convent Tara Hall school) at Kaithu, Shimla. The Maharajas of Darbhanga were devoted to Sanskrit traditions and were supporters of orthodox Hindu practices in both caste and religion. Shiva and Kali were
3136-535: Was smaller than the area that they were granted under earlier sanad arrangements. A particularly significant reduction occurred when the influence of the British Raj caused them to lose control of the territories that were in Nepal but, nonetheless, their holdings were considerable. One estimate suggests that when their rule came to an end, the territories comprised around 6,200 square kilometres (2,400 sq mi), with around 4500 villages. The area that now comprises
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