Misplaced Pages

#65934

23-619: The building was reopened on 9 May 2014. It is the current seat and headquarters of the Mayor of Sarajevo , as well as the Sarajevo City Council . Alexander Wittek , who worked on the project in 1892 and 1893, fell ill and died in 1894 in Graz , and the work was completed by Ćiril Iveković . The edifice was built in a stylistic blend of historical eclecticism, predominantly in the pseudo-Moorish , also known as Moorish Revival, expression, for which

46-533: A subpoena compelling a witness to appear in court often ends with the archaic threat "Fail not, at your peril"; the "peril" is not described (being arrested and held in contempt of court ) but the formality of the language tends to have a stronger effect on the recipient of the subpoena than a simple statement like "We can arrest you if you don't show up". Whereas legal language in the medieval period combined Latin, French, and English to avoid ambiguity. According to Walter Probert, judicial lawyers, roughly starting in

69-424: A 3D projection video mapping by Knap Studio Sarajevo. In 2022, it was the subject of a stop-motion animated film directed by artist Nicholas F. Callaway, through the research project Imaneo, with funding from Creative Europe . 43°51′33″N 18°26′00″E  /  43.85917°N 18.43333°E  / 43.85917; 18.43333 Seat (legal entity) In legal English , the seat of any organisation

92-406: A long period in the international legal community that traditional English language training is not sufficient to meet lawyers’ English language requirements. The main reason for this is that such training generally ignores the ways in which English usage may be modified by the particular demands of legal practice – and by the conventions of legal English as a separate branch of English in itself. As

115-683: A period of nearly 300 years until the Pleading in English Act 1362 (and continued in minor use for another 300 years), while Medieval Latin was used for written records for over 650 years. Some English technical terms were retained, however (see Anglo-Saxon law: Language and dialect for details). In legal pleadings, Anglo-Norman developed into Law French , from which many words in modern legal English are derived. These include property , estate , chattel , lease , executor , and tenant . The use of Law French during this period had an enduring influence on

138-470: A result, non-native English speaking legal professionals and law students increasingly seek specialist training in legal English, and such training is now provided by law schools, language centres, private firms and podcasts that focus on legal language. The UK TOLES examination was set up to teach legal English to non-native English speakers. The exams focus on the aspects of legal English noted as lacking by lawyers. An annual Global Legal Skills Conference

161-781: A stylistic influence upon English legal language. During the medieval period, lawyers used a mixture of Latin , French and English. To avoid ambiguity, lawyers often offered pairs of words from different languages. Sometimes there was little ambiguity to resolve and the pairs merely gave greater emphasis, becoming a stylistic habit. This is a feature of legal style that continues to the present day. Examples of mixed language doublets are: "breaking and entering" (English/French), "fit and proper" (English/French), "lands and tenements" (English/French), and "will and testament" (English/Latin). Examples of English-only doublets are "let and hindrance" and "have and hold". Modern English vocabulary draws significantly from Germanic languages, French, and Latin,

184-423: A unique collection of Bosnian serial publications, some from the middle of the 19th century Bosnian cultural revival. Before the attack, the library held 1.5 million volumes and over 155,000 rare books and manuscripts. Some citizens and librarians tried to save some books while they were under sniper fire, at least one person died. The majority of the books could not be saved from the flames. The structural repair of

207-456: A variety of ways including the use of specialized vocabulary, syntactic constructions, and set phrases such as legal doublets . Legal English has traditionally been the preserve of lawyers from English-speaking countries (especially the U.S., the UK , Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Kenya, and South Africa) which have shared common law traditions. However, due to the spread of Legal English as

230-405: Is normally filled by election . The politician represents a constituency of citizens and may hold the seat for a limited term after which the electorate votes once again to fill the seat. When the politician gains authority, the politician is said to be seated . During the politician's term, the politician considered to be the sitting trust of that seat. For example, from 2017 to 2021,

253-413: Is the centre of authority. The seat of a corporation is the publicly-registered headquarters, or the registered office of a corporate entity. Also referred to as the siège réel , or head office, it is the legal centre of operations and the locale that generally determines the laws that bind the corporation. A seat is a competitive position of trust , or public trust , within a government that

SECTION 10

#1732855141066

276-595: The building was planned to be carried out in four stages: 1996 and 1997 (financed by a donation from the Austrian state), and 2000 through 2004 (financed by a donation from the European Commission ), and the city of Barcelona among others. The third stage ended in September 2012, with an estimated cost of KM 4.6 million (about € 2.37 million) and returned the city hall to its former grace. The fourth stage began following

299-602: The completion of the third stage and lasted about 20 months, finishing at the end of 2013 and cost of KM 14 million (about €7.23 million) which are secured through the IPA . In this stage the entire interior of the building was rebuilt and reconstructed (paintings, sculptures, books), resulting in the library being brought back to its pre-war condition. Everything that was possible to restore has been done so, while those things that were not possible to save have been made anew through special molds. The whole reconstruction and restoration process

322-633: The general linguistic register of modern legal English. That use also accounts for some of the complex linguistic structures used in legal writing. In 1362, the Statute of Pleading was enacted, which stated that all legal proceedings should be conducted in English (but recorded in Latin). This marked the beginning of formal Legal English; Law French continued to be used in some forms into the 17th century, although Law French became increasingly degenerate. From 1066, Latin

345-489: The lattermost often by way of French. These vocabularies are used preferentially in different registers, with words of French origin being more formal than those of Germanic origin, and words of Latin origin being more formal than those of French origin. Thus, the extensive use of French and Latin words in Legal English results in a relatively formal style. Further, legal English is useful for its dramatic effect: for example,

368-585: The predominant language of international business , as well as its role as a legal language within the European Union , Legal English is now a global phenomenon . In prehistoric Britain , traditional common law was discussed in the vernacular (see Celtic law ). The legal language and legal tradition changed with waves of conquerors over the following centuries. Roman Britain (after the conquest beginning in AD 43) followed Roman legal tradition, and its legal language

391-489: The sitting President of the Australian Senate was Scott Ryan . An incumbent politician who fails to win an election or is removed from office is said to be unseated . This legal term article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Legal English Legal English , also known as legalese , is a register of English used in legal writing . It differs from day-to-day spoken English in

414-516: The stylistic sources were found in the Islamic art of Spain and North Africa. Building works began in 1892 and were completed in 1894, at a cost of 984,000 crowns , with 32,000 crowns provided for fixtures and fittings. It was formally opened 20 April 1896, and handed over to the City Authority. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg attended a reception at

437-588: The town hall on Sunday 28 June 1914. Following the reception they left in a motorcade and were both fatally shot near the Latin Bridge by Gavrilo Princip . In 1949 it was handed over to the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina . On 25 August 1992, Serb shelling during the Siege of Sarajevo caused the complete destruction of the library; among the losses were about 700 manuscripts and incunabula and

460-414: The twentieth century, often manipulate the language to be more persuasive of their campaign ideals. As noted above, legal English differs greatly from standard English in a number of ways. The most important of these differences are as follows: Because of the prevalence of the English language in international business relations, as well as, its role as a legal language globally, a feeling has existed for

483-797: Was Latin. Following the Roman departure from Britain circa 410 and the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain , the dominant tradition was instead Anglo-Saxon law , which was discussed in the Germanic vernacular ( Old English ), and written in Old English since circa 600, beginning with the Law of Æthelberht . Following the Norman invasion of England in 1066 , Anglo-Norman French became the official language of legal proceedings in England for

SECTION 20

#1732855141066

506-517: Was predicted to cost about KM 25 million (about €13 million). After it was repaired, the building, now a national monument , has been used for variety of events. Its space has been be used for various protocol events for all levels of government, concerts and exhibitions. After years of restoration, the building was reopened on 9 May 2014, with the performance of the Sarajevo Philharmonic Orchestra and Vedran Smailović , as well as

529-669: Was the language of formal records and statutes , and was replaced by English in the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730 . However, because only the highly-educated were fluent in Latin, it never became the language of legal pleading or debate. The influence of Latin can be seen in a number of words and phrases such as ad hoc , de facto , de jure , bona fide , inter alia , and ultra vires , which remain in current use in legal writing (see Legal Latin ). In 2004, David Crystal proposed

#65934