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77-464: The municipality of San Ferdinando contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Eranova and Villaggio Praia. San Ferdinando borders the following municipalities: Nicotera , Gioia Tauro , and Rosarno . The area around San Ferdinando is within the borders of the historic town of Rosarno , which along with the town of Nicotera is the area of the ancient Greek city of Medma . Present day Rosarno and its environs sprung up during

154-528: A frazione represents a former comune that was believed to be no longer viable. Until 2000, the central government established the frazioni and defined their borders, except in the case of the five autonomous regions (see regions of Italy ), where this was controlled at the regional level. By the Legislative Decree 267/2000 to implement amendments to Title V of the Italian Constitution,

231-585: A centre of the Renaissance, with artists such as Laurana , da Messina , Sannazzaro and Poliziano arriving in the city. During 1501 Naples came under direct rule from France at the time of Louis XII , as Neapolitan king Frederick was taken as a prisoner to France; this lasted four years. Spain won Naples at the Battle of Garigliano and, as a result, Naples then became part of the Spanish Empire throughout

308-598: A dense network of roads and motorways, a system of maritime connections and an international airport ( Naples Airport ). The port of Naples connects the region with the Mediterranean basin , and brings tourists to the archaeological sites , the cities of art (Naples and Caserta), to the coastal areas and to the islands. There are high-speed rail lines: There is a maintenance and service centre for high-speed trains Alstom AGV in Nola . Sea-based activity accounts for about 3.9% of

385-577: A non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities. Campania is traditionally the most industrialized region of southern Italy, particularly the Neapolitan territory was one of the most industrialized areas of Italy until the beginning of

462-563: A powerful Germanic royal house of Swabian origins. The University of Naples Federico II was founded by Frederick II in the city, the oldest state university in the world, making Naples the intellectual centre of the kingdom. Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy , led in 1266 to Pope Innocent IV crowning Angevin Dynasty duke Charles I as the king. Charles officially moved

539-835: A result of the War of the Spanish Succession ; it was the Austrian Charles VI who ruled from Vienna , similarly, with viceroys. However, the War of the Polish Succession saw the Spanish regain Sicily and Naples as part of a personal union , which in the Treaty of Vienna were recognised as independent under a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons in 1738 under Charles VII . During

616-575: A small commercial port called Parthenope (Παρθενόπη, meaning "Pure Eyes", a Siren in Greek mythology ), which was established by Greek colonial sailors from Rhodes . The region thus became one of the centers of Magna Graecia . At one point in history, a distinct group of Oscan-speaking tribes from Samnium (in south-central Italy), the Samnites , moved down into Campania. Since the Samnites were more warlike than

693-667: Is also a significant aerospace industry : Hitachi Rail Italy has headquarters, manufacturing plant and service facilities in Naples . Here it produces the metro trains Meneghino and Driverless Metro . Luxury brands like Kiton , Cesare Attolini , Isaia , Rubinacci , Harmont & Blaine , E. Marinella are also located in Campania. All of them are relative small-sized with annual sales of less than 100 million euros each. There are other industrial districts in Campania: The region has

770-809: Is also the most economically productive region in Southern Italy and the 7th most productive in the whole country . Naples ' urban area, which is in Campania, is the eighth most populous in the European Union . The region is home to 10 of the 58 UNESCO sites in Italy , including Pompeii and Herculaneum , the Royal Palace of Caserta , the Amalfi Coast , the Longobardian Church of Santa Sofia in Benevento and

847-664: Is an administrative region of Italy located in Southern Italy ; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian Peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the island of Capri . The capital of the Campania region is Naples . As of 2018, the region had a population of around 5,820,000 people, making it Italy's third most populous region, and, with an area of 13,590 km (5,247 sq mi), its most densely populated region. Based on its GDP , Campania

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924-506: Is hilly, 34% mountainous and the remaining 15% is made up of plains. There is a high seismic risk across the region. The GDP per capita in Campania is rank 18 from 20 Italian regions, surpassing only Sicily and Calabria . It is only 66.7% of the Italian average. It has been speculated that a factor could be the failure to connect the region's economy with the rest of Italy, while another factor could be its peripheral position with respect to

1001-536: Is supported by the abundant presence of artistic and naturalistic beauty which attract millions of people from all over the world every year. Precisely in this sector the region finds its strong point (through which it was able to react to the recession in 2015), in fact, according to 2018 studies done by Eurostat , Campania is in the top 20 of the most visited regions in Europe and fifth in Italy after Lombardy , Lazio , Veneto and Tuscany (in order), as well as first among

1078-450: Is the reclamation process of the area in Bagnoli where the former Italsider and Eternit operated promoted by the region. Campania mainly produces fruit and vegetables, but has also expanded its production of flowers grown in greenhouses, becoming one of the leading regions of the sector in Italy. In 2021 the value added of this sector represents around 2.34% of the total value added of

1155-645: The Aosta Valley , a frazione is officially called hameau in French . In South Tyrol , a frazione is called Fraktion in German and frazion in Ladin . The term frazioni refers to the villages or hamlets that often make up a comune (a type of municipal-level government) in rural Italian areas. Subdivision of a comune is optional; some comuni have no frazioni , but others have several dozen. The comune usually has

1232-534: The Aragonese Kingdom of Sicily . The wars continued until the peace of Caltabellotta in 1302, which saw Frederick III recognised as king of the Isle of Sicily, while Charles II was recognised as the king of Naples by Pope Boniface VIII . Despite the split, Naples grew in importance, attracting Pisan and Genoese merchants, Tuscan bankers, and with them some of the most championed Renaissance artists of

1309-572: The Byzantine Era and appeared for the first time in history in a document in 1037. The rule of Rosarno was greatly contested, due to its strategic importance in giving a hold over of the fertile Mesima River valley and was controlled by various feudal lords, including the Ruffo and the Pignatelli families. Situated along the sea, San Ferdinando was a planned community to support a major public works project of

1386-569: The Historic Centre of Naples . In addition, Campania's Mount Vesuvius is part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves . The Campania's hinterland was inhabited from the beginning of the 1st millennium BC by the Osci , Samnites and Etruscans , while between the 8th and 7th centuries BC its coastal areas were colonised by the ancient Greeks ( Magna Graecia ). At that time, Capua

1463-630: The Kingdom of Naples . It was during this period that elements of Spanish , French and Aragonese culture were introduced to Campania. Allegiances with the Muslim Saracens were made in 836, and the Arabs were requested to repel the siege of Lombard troops coming from the neighbouring Duchy of Benevento . After a period as a Norman kingdom, the Kingdom of Sicily passed to the Hohenstaufens , who were

1540-690: The Middle Ages and a period of uncertainty in regard to the future of the area. The area had many duchies and principalities during the Middle Ages , in the hands of the Byzantine Empire (also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire) and the Lombards . Under the Normans , the smaller independent states were brought together as part of the Kingdom of Sicily , before the mainland broke away to form

1617-587: The Oenotrians , the Campanians (after whom the region is named) and the Lucanians (who inhabited the southernmost part of Campania, known in ancient times as Lucania , roughly where modern-day Salerno is). Many of these tribes lived in simple agro-towns . Not much is known about the pre-Indo-European tribes that had lived in the region earlier; they were probably not as technologically or culturally advanced as

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1694-670: The Roman Empire , Campania, with Latium , formed the most important region of the Augustan divisions of Italia , the Regio I Latium et Campania ; Campania was one of the main areas for granary . In ancient times Misenum (modern ' Miseno '), at the extreme northern end of the bay of Naples, was the largest base of the Roman navy, since its port (Portus Julius) was the base of the Classis Misenensis,

1771-555: The Two Sicilies , with Naples as the capital city. Naples became the first city on the Italian peninsula to have a railway in 1839, there were many factories throughout the kingdom making it a highly important trade centre. In September 1943, Salerno was the scene of Operation Avalanche and suffered a great deal of damage. From 12 February to 17 July 1944, it hosted the Government of Marshal Pietro Badoglio . In those months Salerno

1848-475: The Tyrrhenian Sea . Campania is famous for its gulfs (Naples, Salerno and Policastro) as well as for three islands ( Capri , Ischia and Procida ). Four other regions border Campania; Lazio to the northwest, Molise to the north, Apulia (Puglia) to the northeast and Basilicata to the east. The mountainous interior is fragmented into several massifs , rarely reaching 2,000 m (6,562 ft) (Miletto of 2,050 m (6,726 ft)), whereas close to

1925-461: The comune . Due to unusual circumstances or to the depopulation of the capoluogo , the town hall and its administrative functions can move to one of the frazioni : the comune still retains the name of the capoluogo . Historically, many frazioni came into being during the Fascist era, when a major effort was made to consolidate and rationalize the territorial subdivisions of the country. Sometimes,

2002-709: The province of Salerno ). There, they essentially replicated their Dodecapolis (twelve cities) political model, founding the cities of Hyria (modern-day Nola ), Irnthi or Marcina (modern-day Salerno ), Amina (modern-day Pontecagnano Faiano ), Velcha , Velsu and Uri . In addition to assimilating into their urban-political domains, the Etruscans also incorporated the pre-existing tribal Oscan agro-towns of Capua (modern-day Santa Maria Capua Vetere ), Nuceria (modern-day comuni of Nocera Superiore and Nocera Inferiore ), Suessula , Acerra , Ercolano , Pompeii , Stabiae and Sorrento . Meanwhile, during

2079-439: The 20th century, preceded only by the provinces of the so-called "industrial triangle" ( Milan , Turin and Genoa ). In recent decades, the gap with respect to other regions is no longer as significant as it used to be, given that southern regions such as Apulia and Abruzzo have grown considerably economically, while Campania has paradoxically undergone a constant process of de-industrialisation. The symbol of this phenomenon

2156-553: The 8th century BC, Greek-speaking people from Euboea (in Central Greece ), known as Cumaeans , began to establish colonies themselves roughly around the coastal areas of the modern-day province of Naples and in the nearby islands founding, among others, the cities of Cumae , Pithekoūsai (modern-day Ischia ), Paestum , Herculaneum and Dicaearchia , later 'Puteoli', in Latin (modern-day Pozzuoli ). The city of Naples began as

2233-678: The Neapolitan Greeks were left with no option but to call on the Romans , with whom they established an alliance, setting off the Second Samnite War . The Roman consul Quintus Publilius Filo recaptured Neapolis by 326 BC and allowed it to remain a Greek city with some autonomy as a civitas foederata while strongly aligned with Rome. The Second Samnite War ended with the Romans controlling all of southern Campania and additional regions further to

2310-512: The Neapolitan pro- Republican aristocracy, causing a civil war . The Republicans conquered Castel Sant'Elmo and proclaimed a Parthenopaean Republic , secured by the French Army . A counter-revolutionary religious army of lazzaroni under Fabrizio Ruffo was raised; they had great success and the French surrendered the Neapolitan castles and were allowed to sail back to Toulon . Ferdinand IV

2387-510: The Nunziante family’s administrator and also served as the mayor of Rosarno starting in 1860 for several terms. The original six houses of San Ferdinando, remembered today as the “case del Principe”, were built away from the Mesima River and close to the beach in the current area of Via Bologna and Via Como and near a modest palazzo that he General Nunziante built for himself (recently the home of

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2464-565: The Oscans, and any who still flourished had become fully Oscanised by the middle of the first millennium BC. Between the 9th and 6th centuries BC, the Etruscans from Central Italy established colonies in the Campanian Plains (the inland territories that today are the provinces of Caserta and Naples ), as well as in the regions of Agro Nocerino-Sarnese and Agro Picentino (which today are in

2541-580: The Samnite city of Maleventum, in which the Romans, led by the consul Curius Dentatus , were victorious. They renamed it Beneventum (modern day Benevento ), which grew in stature until it was second only to Capua in southern Italy. During the Second Punic War in 216 BC, Capua, in a bid for equality with Rome, allied with Carthage . The rebellious Capuans were isolated from the rest of Campania, which remained allies of Rome. Naples resisted Hannibal due to

2618-502: The area. The government blames the Mafia's illegal garbage disposal racket. In samples of milk, which is using to produce mozzarella di bufala , found cancerogenic dioxine . In Naples-Bagnoli is an asbestos contamination from former Eternit cement plant. Millions of tons of toxic industrial waste has been dumped in Campania, not only in the Triangle of death, a region once celebrated for

2695-586: The capital from Palermo to Naples where he resided at the Castel Nuovo . During this period, much Gothic architecture sprang up around Naples, including the Naples Cathedral , the main church of the city. In 1281, with the advent of the Sicilian Vespers , the kingdom split in half. The Angevin Kingdom of Naples included the southern part of the Italian peninsula, while the island of Sicily became

2772-519: The city of Naples, and there were also several martyrs during this time. The period of relative calm was violently interrupted by the epic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 which buried the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum . With the Decline of the Roman Empire , its last emperor, Romulus Augustus , was put in a manor house prison near Castel dell'Ovo , Naples, in 476, ushering in the beginning of

2849-446: The city of Portici. The region, which was characterised until recently by an acute economic contrast between internal and coastal areas, has shown an improvement in the last decade thanks to the development of the provinces of Benevento and Avellino. At the same time, the provinces of Naples, Caserta and in part Salerno, have developed a variety of activities connected to advanced types of services. Unlike central and northern Italy , in

2926-406: The coast there are volcanic massifs: Vesuvio (1,281 m (4,203 ft)) and Campi Flegrei . The climate is typically Mediterranean along the coast with warm, sunny and sultry summers and mild, rainy winters, whereas in the inner zones it is more continental, with lower temperatures in winter and warm summers. Snow is possible at higher elevations but rare at sea level. 51% of the total area

3003-489: The construction of more houses to grow the commercial enterprise of the town. He turned to the Bourbon government to enlist the work of the men convicted for common crimes, who had demonstrated good behavior and had served less than four years of their sentence. The government agreed and Nunziante paid them a salary, to make sure they were able to be housed and pay the government the penalty associated with their crime. Many men, with

3080-471: The developed central areas of Europe. Overall, Campania appears to be a region with great economic potential, which is partly held back by organized crime ( Camorra ) and the resulting corruption. The economy of Campania is one of the most affected nationwide by the economic and financial crisis that began in 2008, but between 2015 and 2016 it came out of the recession and began to recover due to, above all, industry, but also tourism and tertiary. Tourism

3157-628: The early 19th Century to transform the malaria-ridden Mesima valley into a commercial agricultural town. Following the five major 1783 Calabrian earthquakes , the Mesima River Valley and the Rosarno plain were said to have sunk nearly a meter creating significant shifts in water flow and the creation of lakes and swamps. This change in the geology and ecology of the area provided for an environment for malaria to breed. The earthquakes and subsequent malaria epidemic resulted in upwards of 50,000 deaths in

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3234-410: The economy, which includes port movements of goods and passengers and sea transportation, as well as a sizable seaside tourism economy. In Castellammare di Stabia there is a big Fincantieri shipyard. Shipping companies Grimaldi and Tirrenia both headquarter in Naples . The services sector makes up for 78% of the region's gross domestic product. The unemployment rate stood at 17.4% in 2022 and

3311-505: The entire Habsburg Spain period. The Spanish sent viceroys to Naples to directly deal with local issues: the most important of which was Pedro Álvarez de Toledo , who was responsible for considerable social, economic and urban progress in the city; he also supported the Inquisition . During this period Naples became Europe's second largest city after Paris . During the Baroque era it

3388-528: The families of:Zungri and Mumoli from Lampazone; Bagnato from Comerconi; and Rombolà from Brattirò. Pasquale Barbalace was the Nunziante family’s administrator for the village and the family’s agricultural business. The first village that he is said to have founded was called Romulus, after one of the legendary twin founders of Rome who were raised by a she-wolf. After many years working hard in San Ferdinando, Barbalace died aged 96. His son Pasquale continued as

3465-463: The fertility of its soil, but now the local population have been exposed to land contaminated with waste. This includes highly dangerous materials such as asbestos , zinc , lead , germanium , arsenic , mercury , cadmium , chromium , dioxin and uranium . Blood tests of people living in Campania show alarming levels of dioxins. Campania had a massive automotive industrial production till 2011, focused on Alfa Romeo . Production of Alfa Romeo

3542-486: The first decade of the 2000s the region of Campania has not attracted large numbers of immigrants, despite having increased from approximately 100,000 in 2007 to 240,000 in 2021. The Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated in December 2022 that 241,008 foreign-born immigrants live in Campania, equal to 4.32% of the total regional population. Part of the reason for this is in recent times, there have been more employment opportunities in northern regions than in

3619-520: The heirs of Pasquale Loiacono). As more families came houses were built along Via Bologna, Via Salerno, Via Rosarno, and to the corner of Via Magazzini, as well as the Church of the Forgiveness (Chiesa del Perdono). The small one-story houses, which were organized around a courtyard, included a bedroom, kitchen, pantry and toilet and were made of volcanic stone sent by boat from the Aeolian Island of Lipari by Marquis, Don Francesco Barresi, father of General Nunziante. Some of these still remain standing, despite

3696-420: The imposing walls. Capua was eventually starved into submission in the Roman retaking of 211 BC , and the Romans were victorious. With the initial exception of Naples, the region adopted Latin as official language, in that sense gradually replacing the native Oscan and the Greek and the Etruscan still talked respectively in their colonies of the region, subsequently becoming fully Romanised . As part of

3773-433: The individual comuni now define the frazioni within their borders. Under the former legislation, a frazione had the option of having a submayor ( prosindaco ), who was appointed by the mayor ( sindaco ) of the comune , often on the recommendation of deliberative bodies such as the communal council ( consiglio ) or the giunta , or as a result of a petition by enough residents of the frazione involved; although there

3850-684: The intention to rehabilitate themselves rather than remain in prison took up the offer and worked side-by-side with other settlers. This practice of employing petty criminals lasted for a couple decades until 1862. The following is a list of these men from the parish records and courts documents during those 20 years: Del Vecchio from Ioppolo; Contartese from Ricadi, Tambaro from Scafati; Naccarato from Cosenza; Pantano from Brivadi; Megna from Coccorino; Russo and Falcone from S. Maria Capua Vetere; Baglivo from Potenza; Bovolo from Torre del Greco; Zavaglia from Polistina; Porretti from Monteleone; and Faggiano, Ferraro, Pignatelli, and Cusano from various other parts of

3927-410: The kingdom. Most came from Campania , Sicilia and Basilicata . Frazione A frazione ( pl. : frazioni ) is a type of subdivision of a comune ( municipality ) in Italy, often a small village or hamlet outside the main town. Most frazioni were created during the Fascist era (1922–1943) as a way to consolidate territorial subdivisions in the country. In the autonomous region of

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4004-500: The latest best practice in farming. After the wetlands were drained and made suitable for cultivation, a plan for small houses and a church was created and families from nearby Tropea and the surrounding villages settled there. In 1823, Pasquale Barbalace came from nearby Carciadi as the first settler, with his wife and five children - Antonia (née Punturiero), Francesco, Pietro, Carlo, Giacomo and Antonio. After he settled with his family in San Ferdinando, he father eight more children and

4081-413: The latter named Italian capital of culture in 2022), Vesuvius and the Sorrento coast; a notable growth in the cruise sector was observed in the Port of Naples . Tourist data on other sites in Campania show important records that the region holds nationally and worldwide. Among these above all the data relating to Capri (which is the most visited minor island in Italy and among the most sought-after in

4158-469: The lease of houses by Don Paolo DeLauretis (heir to Nunziante) for a period of two years to the Pantano, Loiacono, and others of the original families of San Ferdinando. The base fee was 4 ducats, with 6 ducats for those with individual rooms. In addition to the fees, the tenants were obliged to deforest and improve their property. Despite the influx of families from the surrounding villages, in 1842 Marchese Nunziante wanted to recruit more skilled manpower for

4235-456: The most important Roman fleet. It was first established as a naval base in 27 BC by Marcus Agrippa, the right-hand man of the emperor Augustus. Roman Emperors chose Campania as a holiday destination, among them Claudius and Tiberius , the latter of whom is infamously linked to the island of Capri . It was also during this period that Christianity came to Campania. Two of the apostles , St. Peter and St. Paul , are said to have preached in

4312-420: The other Oscan populations, they easily took over the cities of Capua and Cumae, in an area which was one of the most prosperous and fertile in the Italian Peninsula at the time. During the 340s BC, the Samnites were engaged in a war with the Roman Republic in a dispute known as the Samnite Wars , with Rome claiming the rich pastures of northern Campania during the First Samnite War . The First Samnite War

4389-406: The progress of reconstruction in the center of town. As the town grew in size and citizens prospered, the town that was locally known as Casette was renamed San Ferdinando in honor of the King, who sponsored the development of the area. While archival records document houses being built since 1823, the first record of rents paid for farm houses was in 1840 and a contract dating back to 1842 recording

4466-473: The quality of the wine. There is a problem with illegal toxic waste dump in the Triangle of death north of Naples between Acerra , Nola and Marigliano . In the region, over 12,000 cattle, river buffaloes and sheep had been culled before 2006. High levels of mortality and abnormal foetuses were also recorded in farms in Acerra linked to elevated levels of dioxin. Local studies have shown higher than permissible levels of lead in vegetables grown in

4543-429: The reclamation of the unhealthy swamps and lakes. In 1818, King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies authorized a government financed project for the reclamation of wetlands in Rosarno, as proposed by General Vito Nunziante . The General was familiar with the local farmers, who were experts in the cultivation of hemp, cereals, flax and breeding of silkworms and proposed the development of an agricultural town that would employ

4620-420: The region and is said to have halved the population by the start of the 19th Century. This cataclysm left no passable roads and the destruction of a majority of the buildings in the area. In response to these disasters the government set out to rebuild to alleviate unemployment, poverty and the backwardness that reigned in the southern provinces. This included a plan for better access though roads and bridges and

4697-888: The region, equalling €2.2 billion. Campania produces over 50% of Italy's nuts and is also the leader in the production of tomatoes. Typical products are: A distinctive point of regional agriculture in the breeding of buffalos . The milk is used to produce mozzarella di bufala . Olive trees , mainly of the varieties Carpellese (PDO designated) , Cornia (Val di Cornia DOC), Frantoio , Leccino , Ogliarola Barese, Olivella, Ortice, Pisciottana (Also Ogliastrina or Olivo dell'Ascea), Ravece (also known as Rotondello), and Salella, covers over 74,604 hectares (184,350 acres). Vineyards cover 41,129 ha, but only ca. 5,100 ha using to produce quality wine of DOC and DOCG types. There are 4 DOCG wines: Aglianico del Taburno (red and rose), Fiano di Avellino (white), Greco di Tufo (white and sparkling) and Taurasi (red). Wine production has increased as well as

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4774-410: The same name of the capoluogo , but not always, in which case it is called a comune sparso . In practice, most frazioni are small villages or hamlets , occasionally just a clump of houses. Not every hamlet is classified as a frazione ; those that are not are often referred to as località , for example, in the telephone book. In some cases, frazioni are more populous than the capoluogo of

4851-425: The south, such as parts of Lucania . Campania was a full-fledged part of the Roman Republic by the end of the 4th century BC, valued for its pastures and rich countryside. Naples, with its Greek language and customs, made it a centre of Hellenistic culture for the Romans, creating the first traces of Greco-Roman culture. During the Pyrrhic War in 275 BC, the Battle of Beneventum took place in Campania in

4928-456: The southern regions. The tourist flow sees more than half of the Italian and foreign tourists of the entire region gather in the Metropolitan City of Naples . Of all the locations, Pompeii and Herculaneum stand out, two of the most visited archaeological sites in Italy and among the most visited in the world where there is an average of four million tourists a year. Then there are the Campanian Archipelago ( Capri , Ischia and Procida ,

5005-416: The time of Ferdinand IV , the French Revolution made its way to Naples: Horatio Nelson , an ally of the Bourbons, even arrived in the city in 1798 to warn against it. However, Ferdinand was forced to retreat and fled to Palermo , where he was protected by a British fleet . Naples' lower classes (the lazzaroni ) were pious and Royalist , favouring the Bourbons; in the mêlée that followed, they fought

5082-426: The time, such as Boccaccio , Petrarch and Giotto . Alfonso I conquered Naples after his victory against the last Angevin king, René , and Naples was unified for a brief period with Sicily again. Sicily and Naples were separated in 1458 but remained as dependencies of Aragon under Ferrante . The new dynasty enhanced Naples' commerce by establishing relations with the Iberian Peninsula . Naples also became

5159-401: The tourism industry: the city of Naples, the Amalfi Coast, Mount Vesuvius, and the islands of Capri and Ischia have long been major attractions. The region known today as Campania was inhabited from at least the beginning of the 1st millennium BC by several Oscan-speaking Italic tribes : the Osci , the Opici , the Aurunci , the Ausones , the Sidicini , the Hirpini , the Caudini ,

5236-424: The world), the Amalfi Coast (which is among the most visited sites in Italy) and finally Vesuvius (the most visited and well-known volcano in the world). There is also a growing influx of tourists to Cilento ( Paestum and Certosa di Padula . Campania has many small and picturesque villages, 11 of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: The most beautiful Villages of Italy ),

5313-504: Was Campania's leading city, while Naples was an anomaly, being predominantly Greek-speaking. Campania is rich in culture, especially with regard to food, music, architecture, and archaeological and ancient sites—such as Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis , Paestum , Aeclanum , Stabiae , and Velia . The name "Campania" is derived from Latin; the Romans knew the region as Campania felix ("fertile countryside" or "happy countryside"). The rich natural beauty of Campania makes it important to

5390-411: Was home to artists including Caravaggio , Rosa and Bernini ; philosophers such as Telesio , Bruno , Campanella and Vico ; and writers such as Battista Marino . A revolution led by local fisherman Masaniello saw the creation of a brief independent Neapolitan Republic , though this lasted only a few months before Spanish rule was regained. Finally, by 1714, the Spanish ceased to rule Naples as

5467-405: Was initiated when the Etruscan-influenced Oscan city of Capua (in Etruscan Capeva ) was being attacked by the Samnites, and thus appealed to Rome for defensive help. As the majority of Southern Italy was under Roman control at the time, the sole major remaining independent settlement in the region was the Greek colony of Neapolis , and when the city was eventually captured by the Samnites ,

5544-551: Was known for his extraordinary work ethic and dynamism in various efforts in establishing the community. During the next few years (1823-1825) the families that followed Mr. Barbalace were: Pantano and Tavella from S. Nicolò di Ricadi; Loiacono, Celi and Polimeni from S. Nicolò; Petracca from Lampazone; Rizzo, Taccone, and Naso from Spilinga; Tripodi from Brivadi; Loiacono from Orsigliadi; Punturiero from Carciadi; and Falduti from Caroniti. As financial and social prospects were proving positive in this new enterprise, successive years brought

5621-512: Was no official provision for frazioni to group together with the appointment of a single prosindaco , this did happen quite often. Under current law, however, Article 54 of the d.lgs. 267/2000 provides that a mayor may delegate mayoral functions at the frazione level to a councillor of the comune . In many comuni , in addition to their advisory function, the frazioni have their clerks and recorders of deeds, but they do not maintain their own civil records. Campania Campania

5698-431: Was one of the highest in Italy. The region, with a population of over 5.8 million inhabitants, is divided into five provinces: Naples, Benevento, Avellino, Caserta and Salerno. Over half of the population is resident in the province of Naples, where there is a population density of 2,626 inhabitants per km2. Within the province, the highest density can be found along the coast, where it reaches 13,000 inhabitants per km2 in

5775-779: Was reduced and relocated to plant in Cassino near Rome . Currently only one low-level Fiat Panda model is produced in facilities located in Pomigliano d'Arco in the Naples metropolitan area (140,478 units in 2020). A FIAT plant manufacturing engines is in Pratola Serra , Avellino . There are also plants for automotive parts suppliers like Magneti Marelli (exhaust systems) and Denso (engine cooling and air-conditioners). Buses are produced by Industria Italiana Autobus in Flumeri (ex- Irisbus ). There

5852-598: Was restored as king; however, after only seven years Napoleon conquered the kingdom and instated Bonapartist kings including his brother Joseph Bonaparte . With the help of the Austrian Empire and allies, the Bonapartists were defeated in the Neapolitan War and Bourbon Ferdinand IV once again regained the throne and the kingdom. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 saw the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily combined to form

5929-483: Was the temporary "Capital of the Kingdom of Italy ", and the King Victor Emmanuel III lived in a mansion in its outskirts. Salerno received the first "Tricolore" in an official ceremony on 7 January 2012 from the premier Mario Monti , to celebrate the glorious story of Italy and its old capitals. Campania has an area of 13,590 km (5,247 sq mi) and a coastline of 500 km (311 mi) on

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