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29-550: The dynasty's dominion, Pomerelia, roughly corresponded with the area of today's Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland . The Samborides from 1227 used the Medieval Latin title dux Pomeraniae ; their Duchy of Pomerelia was therefore referred to as "Duchy of Pomerania", even though there was another Duchy of Pomerania to the west, ruled by the House of Griffins , who likewise bore the title "Dukes of Pomerania". In Polish usage,

58-826: A relation with the Polish Piast dynasty has never been conclusively established. The most important duke was Swiętopełk II who in Kashubian traditional history carries the nickname "the Great". Swiętopełk received Pomerelia as vassaldom from his suzerain, the Polish High Duke Leszek I the White of the Piast dynasty in 1216 or 1217. Perhaps acting in concert with the Piast prince Władysław Odonic of Greater Poland he benefited from his ally action when they had High Duke Leszek I and Duke Henry I

87-614: A result of the Order actions he was forced to give his castles and villages on the right bank of Vistula to them, and also the important left bank Pomerelian stronghold of Gniew (Mewe), willed to the Order by his uncle Sambor II, a claim Mestwin II recognized under duress and Papal mediation in 1282. These pressures forced Mestwin II to tighten his alliance with Greater Poland's Bolesław and his successor Przemysł II . Mestwin II and Przemysl II, new duke of Greater Poland and future king of Poland, concluded

116-452: Is a voivodeship , or province , in northwestern Poland . The provincial capital is Gdańsk . The voivodeship was established on January 1, 1999, out of the former voivodeships of Gdańsk , Elbląg and Słupsk , pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1997. It is bordered by West Pomeranian Voivodeship to the west, Greater Poland and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships to

145-746: The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Pelplin ) and the Malbork Castle . The voivodeship also includes the narrow Hel Peninsula and the Polish half of the Vistula Spit. Other tourist destinations include Wejherowo , Sopot , Jurata , Łeba , Władysławowo , Puck , Krynica Morska , Ustka , Jastarnia , Kuźnica , Bytów and many fishing ports, lighthouses, and marinas. The name Pomerania derives from

174-859: The German Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa and renewed in December 1231 in Ravenna by Emperor Frederick II . In the Treaty of Arnswalde on April 1, 1269, he took his area of power as a fief from the Brandenburg markgraves . The Brandenburg Ascanians were suzerains of the Duchy of Pomerania and in return for military and financial help he gave oath of fealty and paid homage over a couple Pomeralian to these dukes. Mestwin's brother Wratislaw II of Pomerania , principal Pomerelian duke and ruler of Gdańsk (Danzig),

203-522: The Slavic po more , meaning "by the sea" or "on the sea". The voivodeship contains 7 cities and 35 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (official 2019 figures). Towns: Pomeranian Voivodeship is divided into 20 counties ( powiats ): 4 city counties, and 16 land counties. These are further divided into 123 gminas (communes). The counties are listed below in order of decreasing population. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of

232-465: The Treaty of Kępno in 1282 that was at first kept secret. The treaty, confirmed by magnates and nobles of both duchies, made both Mestwin and Przemysł II either a successor per donatio inter vivos or successor in all his possessions. It is known that Mestwin II remained the Pomerelia ruler until his death in 1294. It seems that the treaty of Kępno in fact unified Pomerelia and Greater Poland, starting

261-659: The interwar period . Amongst the most recognisable landmarks of the region are the historic city centre of Gdańsk filled with Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque masterpieces, the Museum of the National Anthem in Będomin , located at the birthplace of Józef Wybicki , poet and politician, author of the national anthem of Poland , the largest medieval churches of Poland (the St. Mary's Church in Gdańsk and

290-599: The 15th century seemed not reliable. Polish historians however do not share this reservation and have been using his father as the name for the dynasty. During the conquest of the Pomeranian lands between 1113 and 1121, the Polish duke Bolesław III Wrymouth about 1116 had installed governors ruling in the Pomerelian lands, probably the ancestors of Sobiesław I. An affiliation with the Pomeranian dukes Siemosił and Świętobor or

319-525: The Bearded of Silesia kidnapped and then Leszek murdered during the Gąsawa Piast assembly in 1227. As a result, Swiętopełk declared himself an independent ruler and dux of Pomerania. Swiętopełk II was the greatest military commander of the dynasty, having defeated various armies of Piast, Prussian, Danish, German and Griffite invaders during his long reign. He was the first Polish (Slavic) ruler who actively

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348-532: The Order and various Piast princes, lost their possession within the Pomerelia due to Mestwin II actions against them, and also sought refuge with the Order and their daughters in Kujawy (Sambor) and Śląsk (Racibor). Both uncles died in the 1270s leaving Mestwin II the sole ruler of all unified Duchy of Pomerelia. Now he was faced with challenges from Brandenburg, the Teutonic Order , Pomeranian and Piast princes. As

377-854: The Teutonic Order. As a matter of necessity when fighting for his throne, he pledged feudal homage from a couple of towns to the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg by signing the Treaty of Choszczno in 1269. In 1282 he concluded an inheritance agreement at Kępno with Duke Przemysł II of Greater Poland, King of Poland from 1295, who upon his death incorporated Pomerelia into the Lands of the Polish Crown . Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship ( Polish : Województwo pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ; Kashubian : Pòmòrsczé wòjewództwò [pvɛˈmvɛrst͡ʃi vɛjɛˈvut͡stfɔ] )

406-482: The border. The Polish name "House of Sobiesław" derives from Duke Sobiesław I , steward for the Piast dukes of Greater Poland in Pomerelia, while "Samborides" as used in English and German derives from his probable son and successor, Duke Sambor I . According to German historiography the first certain princeps of Pomerelia was Sambor, as the records concerning Sobiesław I stems from the 15th century Oliwa chronicle of

435-522: The city by use of force in 1273, having been strengthened by new alliance with his maternal cousin Bolesław Pobożny , the duke of Great Poland . Defeated Wartislaw II found refuge with Ziemomysł of Kuyavia , the duke of Inowrocław and sought assistance from the Order, but he died unexpectedly in Wyszogród in 1271. The remaining male relatives of Mestwin II, his uncles Sambor II and Racibor, allied with

464-711: The fiercest football rivalry in northern Poland. Since the establishment of the province, several major international sports competitions were co-hosted by the province, including the EuroBasket 2009 , UEFA Euro 2012 , 2013 Men's European Volleyball Championship , 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship , 2016 European Men's Handball Championship , 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship , 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup , 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship , 2023 World Men's Handball Championship . Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania Mestwin II ( Polish : Mściwój II or Mszczuj II ) ( c. 1220 – December 25, 1294)

493-577: The former Griffin duchy, to whom the title "Duke of Pomerania" and the term "Duchy of Pomerania" would be used exclusively after the Samborides' extinction. During the rule of Duke Swiętopełk II , Samboride holdings spread from Słupsk in the west going east across the Vistula River including Żuławy Gdańskie , and in the south bordered the Polish dukedoms of Greater Poland and Kuyavia , the Noteć river being

522-494: The long process of reunification of Polish principalities by the Piast dynasts. During the life of Mestwin II nobles and magnates of Greater Poland received grants and appointments to Pomerelian offices and estates. In 1287 both princes entered into another successor treaty in Słupsk , and there they included in their succession treaty another Western Slavic prince, Bogusław IV of Szczecin ( Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania ). This treaty

551-479: The principal Pomerelia prince and sole ruler in 1273. He united all the lands of Pomerelia (after the death of his uncles, Sambor II , prince of Lubiszewo (Lübschau) and Racibor Białogardzki , prince of Białogarda (Belgard an der Leba). Mestwin placed himself under the protection of the Ascanian Margraves of Brandenburg by recognizing their enfeoffment with Pomerania, which had already been made by

580-534: The province was 29.2 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 5.9% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 20,800 euros or 69% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 74% of the EU average. The A1 , S6 and S7 highways pass through the province. The three busiest railway stations of northern Poland, and three of ten busiest railway stations of Poland overall, are located in

609-658: The south, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the east, and the Baltic Sea to the north. It also shares a short land border with Russia ( Kaliningrad Oblast ), on the Vistula Spit . The bulk of the voivodeship is located in the historic region of Pomerania , with the territories on the eastern bank of the Vistula being part of Powiśle . The Pomeranian part of the region comprises most of Pomerelia (the easternmost part of Pomerania) with its subregions of Kashubia and Kociewie , whereas

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638-680: The term Pomorze ( Pomerania ) tends to be associated with the entire strip of land on the Baltic coast between the Vistula river in the east and the Raksa (Recknitz) river in the west. Until the Germanic invasions, the term was used as far west as the Morini ). The distinction is achieved by the use of Pomorze Gdańskie (i.e., Pomerania- Danzig ) for Pomerelia, and Pomorze Szczecińskie (i.e., Pomerania- Stettin ) for

667-527: The voivodeship. Those are Gdynia Główna , Gdańsk Główny and Gdańsk Wrzeszcz . Protected areas in Pomeranian Voivodeship include two National Parks and nine Landscape Parks . These are listed below. Football , basketball , motorcycle speedway and volleyball enjoy the largest following in the voivodeship. The Arka Gdynia and Lechia Gdańsk football clubs contest the Tricity Derby ,

696-455: The western part, around Słupsk , is part of Farther Pomerania . The province is one of rich cultural heritage. The Tricity urban area, consisting of Gdańsk , Gdynia and Sopot , is one of the main cultural, commercial and educational centres of Poland. Gdańsk and Gdynia are two of the major Polish seaports, the first erected by Mieszko I of Poland in the Middle Ages, the latter built in

725-558: Was a Duke of Pomerelia , member of the Samborides dynasty. He ruled Pomerelia as a sole ruler from 1273 to 1294. Mestwin II was the son of Swietopelk II and the Přemyslid dynasty princess Eufrozyna . As a young man, in 1243 he was taken into the Teutonic Order custody as a hostage , part of the ceasefire agreement between his father and the Order, but the Order did not keep their part of this agreement and failed to return Mestwin II who

754-600: Was challenged and fought military campaigns against the Teutonic Order and many times aided the pagan Prussians against the Order and Piast princes carrying crusading campaigns against them. His brothers Sambor II and Ratibor ceded some of their holdings to the Teutonic Knights allowing the Order State to get a first important foothold on the right bank of the Vistula River. Swiętopełk's son and last Samboride ruler Méstwin II fought various traditional enemies, including

783-664: Was confirmed and arrangement made public in Nakło , in 1291. These treaties resulted directly from aggressive policies of March of Brandenburg and the Teutonic Order against the territories of these Slavic duchies and provinces. He had three wives. First came princess Judith, daughter of Ditrich I duke of Brenna i Wettin, who died before 1275, then he married Piast princess Euphrosyne of Opole circa 1275 and they divorced in 1288, and finally married rather unknown Sulisława who died in 1292. He had two daughters: Katarzyna (Katherine), who married Pribislaw II , and Eufemia, eventually married to

812-574: Was forced out of his duchy by Mestwin II and most likely his new ally in 1271. This action resulted in Wratislaw II and Sambor II military action against Mestwin II, and his own knights and nobles rebelled against him. Surrounded by adversity and even taken prisoner (for a short time in 1270) Mestwin II gave the possession of Danzig to the Brandenburg duke Conrad who was holding the city of Danzig until Mestwin II forced them to resign from their possession of

841-601: Was held by them until 1248 (for some time in the Order castle in Austria ) when finally released. Most likely upon returning from Teutonic Order captivity his father made Mestwin II the Duke of Świecie (Schwetz) province circa 1250, and upon his father's death he began his challenge against his younger brother for Gdańsk (Danzig) in 1266, starting the so-called Pomerelian Civil War that lasted until 1273. He fought his younger brother and uncles until he emerged victorious and finally became

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