Misplaced Pages

#264735

26-556: Before the British arrived in Northern Nigeria in 1900, there were already established communities of strangers who lived separately from the indigenous population. These communities, found in Northern Nigeria and other parts of West Africa, maintained their segregation from the Hausa population due to religious beliefs. However, despite their separation, these communities were still subjected to

52-570: A Hausa state, it became independent in the 19th century. From the early 19th century, Maradi was home to one of several Hausa traditional rump states, formed by rulers and nobility who fled the rise of the Sokoto Caliphate . Elements of the Katsina ruling class continued to claim the area as the seat of a Katsina state in exile ruled by the Sarkin Katsina Maradi . Maradi was constrained by

78-466: A male monarch , aristocrat , holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia , East Africa , West Africa , Central Asia , and South Asia . In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with " prince ", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to

104-570: A military title. In the 9th century the term was used to denote a ruler of a state i.e. Italy 's Emirate of Sicily . In certain decimally-organized Muslim armies, Amir was an officer rank. For example, in Mughal India , the Amirs commanded 1000 horsemen (divided into ten units, each under a sipah salar ), ten of them under one malik . In the imperial army of Qajar Persia: The following posts referred to "amir" under medieval Muslim states include: In

130-425: A reigning monarch of a sovereign principality , namely an emirate . The feminine form is emira ( أميرة ʾamīrah ), with the same meaning as " princess ". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min ). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for

156-522: Is 32 °C. The Local Government Area has two distinct seasons: the dry and the wet. The average wind speed in the Local Government Area is 9 km/h. Trade is a major component of the Sabon Gari LGA's economy. The region is home to a number of markets, including the large Sabon Gari Zaria and Samaru Zaria markets, which draw thousands of buyers and sellers of various goods. The Local Government Area

182-563: Is derived from the Arabic root a-m-r , "command". Originally simply meaning "commander", it came to be used as a title of leaders, governors, or rulers of smaller states. In modern Arabic the word is analogous to the title "Prince". The word entered English in 1593, from the French émir . It was one of the titles or names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . From the start, emir has been

208-698: Is divided into three urban municipalities: Maradi I , Maradi II and Maradi III . Maradi is centred on the Grand-marché , a large daily market of wholesale, retail, and agricultural goods from across south central Niger and also the cross-border trade with Nigeria. Some of the districts in the town include Zaria and Sabon Gari in the north, and to the west Mokoya, Dan Gouleye, Bagalam, Yandaka, Maradawa, Hassao and Limantchi. Maradi experiences oppressive, mostly cloudy wet seasons, windy, partly cloudy dry seasons, and hot temperatures all year long ranging from 58°F to 104°F, rarely falling below 53°F or above 107°F. At

234-429: Is home to a thriving agricultural industry that grows a wide range of commodities. The residents of Sabon Gari Local Government Area also work in leather goods, hunting, and animal rearing, which are key businesses. Even today, Sabon Garuruwa are predominantly inhabited by people from Southern Nigeria. Ethnic and religious tensions between groups from southern and northern Nigeria lead to frequent riots and civil unrest in

260-404: The 2012 census, the official population of Maradi was 267,249, making it the second largest city in the country, with the predominant ethnic group in the city being Hausa , with a few urbanised Fulani and Tuaregs living there as well. Various ethnic groups from Nigeria, particularly Ibo and Yoruba , can also be found in skilled trades or in small shops. There are several large mosques in

286-505: The 2016 Nigeria population census the Sabon Gari Local Government is populated with 393,300. 13°28′06″N 5°01′06″E  /  13.4683°N 5.0183°E  / 13.4683; 5.0183 Emir Emir ( / ə ˈ m ɪər , eɪ ˈ m ɪər , ˈ eɪ m ɪər / ; Arabic : أمير ʾamīr [ʔæˈmiːr] ( listen ), also transliterated as amir , is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to

SECTION 10

#1732858213265

312-451: The French colonial administration decided then to adjust the urban layout. In the process, the city lost its traditional, irregular layout in favour of a grid system . The French sought to create cash-crop agriculture, mostly groundnuts , which increasingly made the city an important regional commercial centre. Aided by economic growth after the 1950s, Maradi experienced a demographic boom, with

338-629: The Sabon Garuruwa of northern cities. With the introduction of Sharia law in some of the Northern states of Nigeria, some Sabon Garuruwa with its predominantly Christian population have become the place commonly known for it forbidden activities like alcohol consumption and gambling. Zinder and Maradi , the two largest Hausa cities in Niger 's Hausa speaking southeast retain Sabon Gari districts. According to

364-662: The advisory board (court) responsible for their township and could choose between courts that applied either Muslim or British law. Sabon Garuruwa were established in all major cities of Northern Nigeria, most notably in Kano , Kaduna and Zaria . One exception was Maiduguri , which never had a Sabon Gari. A typical city or town in Northern Nigeria would consist of the old city within fortified walls and inhabited by indigenous Hausa or Fulani people. The Sabon Gari would house immigrants mostly from Southern Nigeria. The Tudun Wada would house people from Northern Nigeria that were not indigenous to

390-595: The authority of the local emir . With the passage of time, the composition of these communities began to change, and today, apart from Kano in Northern Nigeria, the Sabon Garis have become areas of mixed habitation. The establishment of British colonial rule under Lord Frederick Lugard and the construction of new railway lines led to a large influx of laborers and traders from Southern Nigeria. The immigrants, which were mostly Igbo and Yoruba people , settled in new towns or Sabon Garuruwa , as these new towns were called by

416-519: The emirs, who remained part of the colonial administration. Initially, the emirs administered the Sabon Garurus, but the Township Ordinance of 1917 shifted the administration of these areas and their residents directly to British rule. Residents of Sabon Garis were granted more rights than those under the authority of the local emir. For instance, they had the opportunity to send representatives to

442-604: The far east. It also has an airport . Maradi has long been a merchant city, on the route north from Kano , Nigeria. This explains why one can use either the West African CFA franc (Niger's official currency) or the Nigerian Naira for currency in Maradi. The city lies in a region known for groundnut cultivation. The Free University of Maradi was founded in 2004. There is a Maryam Abacha American University Niger located in

468-651: The former Kingdom of Afghanistan , Amir-i-Kabir was a title meaning "great prince" or "great commander". Muhammad Amin Bughra , Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra , and Abdullah Bughra declared themselves emirs of the First East Turkestan Republic . Maradi, Niger Maradi is the second largest city in Niger and the administrative centre of Maradi Region . It is also the seat of the Maradi Department and an Urban Commune. Originally part of Katsina ,

494-503: The head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of religion) organisation or movement. Qatar and Kuwait are the only independent countries which retain the title "emir" for their monarchs. In recent years, the title has been gradually replaced by "king" by contemporary hereditary rulers who wish to emphasize their secular authority under the rule of law. A notable example is Bahrain , whose monarch changed his title from emir to king in 2002. Amir , meaning "lord" or " commander-in-chief ",

520-570: The initially strict residential segregation would partially break down. Eventually, a typical Sabon Gari would house a diversity of people from all parts of Nigeria and to a lesser extent from other parts of West Africa. For example, in 1939 various ethnic groups were represented in the Sabon Gari of Kaduna as follows: 27% were Hausa , 11% were Igbo , 19% were Yoruba , 15% were Nupe and 28% were other ethnicities. The estimated average temperature in Sabon Gari Local Government Area

546-404: The local Hausa people. The Cantonments Proclamation of 1914 institutionalized this system of residential segregation. The Sabon Garuruwa became Native Reservations, officially reserved for employees of the government and commercial firms, and in practice inhabited by residents not indigenous to Northern Nigeria. Under British colonial rule, power in Northern Nigeria was indirectly exercised through

SECTION 20

#1732858213265

572-702: The local area. Europeans would live in the European Reservation Areas. When General Ironsi abolished the Nigerian federation in 1966 with Decree no. 34, it led to widespread pogroms against Igbos residing in Sabon gabris in Northern Nigeria . These pogroms killed an estimated 8,000 to 30,000 Igbo, half of them children, and caused more than a million to two million to flee to the Eastern Region. Over time,

598-519: The more powerful Gobir exilic state to the west, the Sultanate of Damagaram based at Zinder to the east, and Sokoto to the south. The arrival of the French in 1899 saw the bloody destruction of the town by the Voulet–Chanoine Mission , but later the town recovered to become an important regional centre of commerce by the 1950s. The expansion of the city in the first half of the 20th century

624-589: The population increasing from 8,661 in 1950 to 80,000 by 1983. By the time of Niger's independence in 1960, Maradi was a centre of Hausa culture, vying with the larger traditional Hausa centre of Zinder to the east. In 2000 a riot broke out in the town by Muslim groups opposed to the staging of the Festival International de la Mode en Afrique (FIMA) in Niamey, resulting in the destruction of various buildings deemed un-Islamic, such as brothels and bars. The city

650-533: The town. There are also some Christian churches and temples, with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Maradi , Our Lady of Lourdes Cathedral , various Protestant churches and the Assemblies of God having a presence. Maradi is the major transport trade and agricultural hub of Niger's south central Hausa region. It lies on the major east–west paved highway which crosses from Niamey in the west to Diffa in

676-533: Was dynamic, albeit modest, with the population nearly doubling between 1911 and 1950. Up until 1945, the ancient city of Maradi was located in the valley bordering the Goulbi N'Maradi , a seasonal waterway with its source in Nigeria. The urban area, roughly circular in shape, was protected by a mud wall with four doors; the ancient city was flooded by this river at the end of the rainy season of 1945. To avoid future inundation,

#264735