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112-787: Carstens hails from Trondheim , and attended the Trondheim Cathedral School . Currently she lives in Innsbruck , Austria , where she studied at the university . Together with Malene Haukøy and Mari Fasting , she participated in the Norwegian women's relay team at the 2011 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering , which finished eighth. As a heptathlete she achieved 4.478 points as her personal best; in May 2004 in Las Vegas . This Norwegian biographical article related to winter sports

224-468: A UEFA tournament. It was not until the 1960s that RBK was established as Trondheim's leading football team. In 1967 RBK was promoted to the top league where they, except for the 1978 season, have remained ever since. They won three league titles between 1967 and 1971. The club's golden era started with the 1985 league title. From 1991 through 2004 the team won 13 consecutive titles, 10 under manager Nils Arne Eggen . During this period, they also participated in

336-411: A castle archway. These two pictures rest on a base which forms an arch. Underneath that arch, are three male heads which symbolise the city's rank as Norway's first capital and the archbishop's place of residence. The scales symbolise justice and the motif is based on the political philosophy of the 13th century, where the balance of power between king and church was an important issue. The three heads at

448-419: A concert venue. Kristiansten Fortress , built 1681–1684, is located on a hill east of Trondheim. It repelled the invading Swedes in 1718, but was decommissioned in 1816 by Crown Prince Regent Charles John . A statue of Olav Tryggvason , the founder of Trondheim, is located in the city's central square, mounted on top of an obelisk. The statue base is also a sun dial , but it is calibrated to UTC+1 so that

560-525: A failed attempt to liberate Trondheim, as part of the Namsos Campaign . During the occupation, Trondheim was the home of the notorious Norwegian Gestapo agent, Henry Rinnan , who operated from a nearby villa and infiltrated Norwegian resistance groups. The city and its citizens were subjected to harsh treatment by the occupying power, including the imposition of martial law in October 1942. During this time,

672-504: A new generation of members, and it was through their efforts that Odd were finally admitted into the regional series in 1927, ten years after the club was founded. A year later they were set for entry into the Football Association of Norway , but their entry was blocked as the association refused to have two member clubs with the same name. The club therefore took on its current name, Rosenborg Ballklub , on 26 October 1928. Rosenborg

784-440: A rematch to decide the winner, but Rosenborg were able to claim their first trophy. Rosenborg won the cup again in 1964. Rosenborg was promoted from the regional league to group A of the main Norwegian league in 1960. The following season the two groups of the top flight were combined into a single league of 16 teams with the teams finishing in the bottom half being relegated to the 2nd division. Rosenborg finished as number 9 out of

896-481: A serious challenge for more than a season at a time. Rosenborg participated in the group phase of the Champions League 11 times in the 13 years between 1995 and 2007. Eight of them were consecutive (from 1995 to 2002), which was a record until 2004, when Manchester United qualified for the group phase for a ninth successive year. Rosenborg have on two occasions managed to progress beyond the first group stage of

1008-514: A turning point in Rosenborg's fortunes, but it was in 1988 that things really started to happen. The club received fresh capital from its new main sponsor and was fully professionalized. Nils Arne Eggen returned to Trondheim to once again become head coach, this after leading Moss to the league title in 1987. In the waning years of the 1980s, the club secured Doubles twice (1988 and 1990). Rosenborg went on to dominate Norwegian club football throughout

1120-697: A variety of small history, science and natural history museums, such as the Trondheim Maritime Museum , the Armoury , adjacent to the Archbishops's Palace, Kristiansten Fortress, the music and musical instrument museum Ringve National Museum , Ringve Botanical Garden , the Trondheim Tramway Museum , and the Jewish Museum , co-located with the city's synagogue, which is among the northernmost in

1232-683: Is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal . On 1 January 2005, the city was reorganized from five boroughs into four, with each of these having separate social services offices. The current boroughs are Midtbyen (44,967 inhabitants), Østbyen (42,707 inhabitants), Lerkendal (46,603 inhabitants) and Heimdal (30,744) inhabitants. The Population statistics listed are as of 1 January 2008. Prior to 2005 , Trondheim

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1344-542: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This biographical article related to ski mountaineering is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Trondheim Trondheim ( UK : / ˈ t r ɒ n ( d ) h aɪ m / TRON(D) -hyme , US : / ˈ t r ɒ n h eɪ m / TRON -haym , Urban East Norwegian: [ˈtrɔ̂nː(h)æɪm] ; Southern Sami : Tråante ), historically Kaupangen , Nidaros , and Trondhjem ( local pronunciation: [ˈtrɔ̂nːjæm] ),

1456-718: Is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway . As of 2022, it had a population of 212,660. Trondheim is the third most populous municipality in Norway, and is the fourth largest urban area . Trondheim lies on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the River Nidelva . Among the significant technology-oriented institutions headquartered in Trondheim are the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),

1568-493: Is a mainly residential area in Trondheim. Rosenborg enjoyed little success at first, moving constantly between the lower divisions of the regional series. Yet their performance was improving and in 1931 the team qualified for the highest level, and one year later they played in the Norwegian Cup for the first time. It was also at this time that Rosenborg started planning for a new home ground at Lerkendal , although this project

1680-595: Is a teaching hospital and cooperates closely with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) on both research and medical education. SINTEF , a large independent research organisation in Scandinavia , has 1,800 employees with 1,300 of these located in Trondheim. The Air Force Academy of the Royal Norwegian Air Force is located at Kuhaugen in Trondheim. The Geological Survey of Norway

1792-523: Is building out to increase space. Rosenborg BK Rosenborg Ballklub , commonly referred to simply as Rosenborg ( Urban East Norwegian: [ˈrùːsn̩bɔrɡ] ) or RBK , is a Norwegian professional football club from Trondheim that plays in Eliteserien . The club has won a record 26 league titles, a shared record 12 Norwegian Football Cup titles and have played more UEFA matches than any other Norwegian team. RBK play their home games at

1904-515: Is from 1900, 3.7 °C colder than the second coldest May night. The all-time low −26 °C (−14.8 °F) was recorded February 1899. The all-time high 35 °C (95 °F) was recorded 22 July 1901. The warmest month on record is July 2014 with mean 19.5 °C (67.1 °F) and average daily high 24.9 °C (76.8 °F) (airport). The coldest month on record is February 1966 with mean −9.9 °C (14.2 °F) and average daily low −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) (airport). The average date for

2016-510: Is home to both the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) with its many technical lab facilities and disciplines, and BI-Trondheim, a satellite campus for the Norwegian Business School (BI). Both universities welcome a number of international students on a yearly basis and offer various scholarships. St. Olav's University Hospital , a regional hospital for Central Norway, is located in downtown Trondheim. St. Olav's

2128-527: Is located at Lade in Trondheim and is a major geoscientific institution with 220 employees of which 70% are scientists. There are 11 high schools in the city. Trondheim katedralskole ("Trondheim Cathedral School") was founded in 1152 and is the oldest upper secondary school ( gymnasium ) in Norway, while Charlottenlund videregående skole is the largest in Sør-Trøndelag with its 1,100 students and 275 employees. Brundalen Skole, has big festivals each year, and

2240-529: Is possibly the largest wooden building in Northern Europe and has been used by royals and their guests since 1800. A statue of Leif Ericson is located at the seaside, close to the old Customs Building, the cruise ship facilities and the new swimming hall. The statue is a replica, the original being located at a Seattle marina . The Nidaros Cathedral and the Archbishop's Palace are located side by side in

2352-523: Is the Gaulosen. The observation tower accommodates for birdwatching and providing information about birdlife. Though Trondheim is Norway's third largest city, wild animals are regularly seen. Otters and beavers thrive in Nidelva and Bymarka. Badgers and red foxes are not uncommon sights. Moose and deer are common in the hills surrounding the city, and might wander into the city, especially in May when

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2464-511: The Cup Final against arch-rival Molde . This was Rosenborg's first Cup Final since 2003 , when they beat Bodø/Glimt 3–1. Unfortunately for Rosenborg, they lost the match 2–4 after leading 2–1. In June 2014, after a disappointing spring season with elimination from the Cup in the third round against Ranheim , lack of stable performance in the league and an embarrassing defeat against Sligo Rovers in

2576-477: The Europa League , it was decided to fire head coach Per Joar Hansen and assistant coach Bård Wiggen. Former Rosenborg player and assistant coach Kåre Ingebrigtsen was presented as temporary coach on 21 July 2014, and sports director Erik Hoftun was presented as assistant coach. Rosenborg played poorly in the first matches with the new coach, losing three of the first four with Kåre Ingebrigsten in charge. But

2688-582: The Europa League second qualifying round. Frazer Wright's goal earned the Scottish side a memorable 1–0 victory in Norway before fighting back from an early goal to draw 1–1 at home. This was enough to secure a 2–1 aggregate victory for St Johnstone . Rosenborg continued to gather points in the league, but were shocked when they lost to relegation threatened Tromsø in the 23rd round. They finished in 2nd place, one point behind Strømsgodset , mainly due to their performance at home. Rosenborg had managed to enter

2800-719: The Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF) , the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), and St. Olavs University Hospital . The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post and served as the capital of Norway from the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Nidaros ; it then became, and has remained, the seat of the Lutheran Diocese of Nidaros and

2912-624: The Hebrides and are now at the British Museum , may have been made in Trondheim. From 1152, Trondheim was the seat of the Archbishop of Nidaros for Norway, which operated from the Archbishop's Palace . Due to the introduction of Lutheran Protestantism in 1537, the last archbishop, Olav Engelbrektsson , had to flee from the city to the Netherlands ; he died in what today is Lier, Belgium . From

3024-509: The Old Norse word þróndr which is an old present participle of the verb þróask which means "to grow" or "to thrive". During the late Middle Ages , the city name was commonly shortened to Þróndheimr , dropping the kaupanger part, and over time the name became Trondhjem , using the Dano-Norwegian spelling rather than the Old Norse spelling since the city was part of

3136-646: The Second World War , Trondheim was occupied by Nazi Germany from 9 April 1940, the first day of the invasion of Norway , until the end of the war in Europe, 8 May 1945 . The German invasion force consisted of the German cruiser Admiral Hipper , 4 destroyers and 1700 Austrian Mountain troops. Except for a coastal battery that opened fire, there was no resistance to the invasion, which began on 9 April at 5 AM. On 14 and 17 April, British and French forces landed near Trondheim in

3248-459: The Storting voted in 1929 to make some changes. The Trondhjem Cathedral would be changed to Nidaros Cathedral effective on 1 July 1929 and the name of the city would change to Nidaros starting on 1 January 1930. This change caused public outrage and even riots during 1930. This forced the Storting to reconsider this change. On 6 March 1931, the name was formally changed to Trondheim , using

3360-607: The UEFA Champions League for the first time, a feat which helped secure the club's finances and further cement its dominance at the domestic level. The income provided through successive qualifications has allowed Rosenborg to become by far the wealthiest club in Norway. Always able to offer the most promising new players better terms than their opponents, as well as the prospect of playing in Europe, Rosenborg were assured of future league championships and European qualifications. During this period, few clubs were ever able to mount

3472-547: The UEFA Champions League in the play-off round, after a 2–2 draw against Danish side Copenhagen , with Copenhagen qualifying due to the away goals rule. At the end of 2002 Rosenborg saw the retirement of Nils Arne Eggen after many successful years, during which he was only relieved once, in the 1998 season, by his assistant, Trond Sollied . Eggen was replaced by Åge Hareide , who had previously led both Helsingborg and Brøndby to championships in their respective leagues. Hareide asserted that in order to not only stay ahead at

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3584-479: The all-seater Lerkendal Stadion which has a capacity of 21,421. The club was founded as Odd in 1917 but were not allowed to play amateur league matches until 1928, when they took the present name. They reached the League of Norway in 1937–38 , but were relegated to lower divisions during the 1940s. The club moved to Lerkendal in 1957 and their first title was the 1960 Cup , resulting in their first participation in

3696-616: The microclimate is colder and snowier. The city functions as the seat of the County Mayor of Trøndelag county but not as its administrative centre (which is Steinkjer ). This is designed to avoid making the county administration too centralized . Trondheim is home to football club Rosenborg , Norway's most successful football club, and Granåsen Ski Centre , which has hosted the World Championship in Nordic Skiing . The city

3808-400: The "buddy" clubs formed at the time, they were repeatedly denied access. Since many of these players also played for the bigger teams, the authorities feared a possible shortage of players if too many small clubs were let in. As the years went by, disillusioned players began leaving the club, and in 1923 the first team played only a single match. By 1926, management of the club had passed on to

3920-458: The 16 teams and was relegated to the new 2nd division where they played from 1963 until they won promotion by winning group B in 1966. In 1967 Rosenborg was promoted to the highest level in Norwegian football, the Main League (later the 1st Division ) for the first time. This would prove to be a highly successful year for the club. Led on by such players as Harald Sunde , Nils Arne Eggen , and

4032-581: The 16th through the 19th centuries, the city was repeatedly ravaged by fires that caused widespread damage since many of its buildings were made of wood. The worst occurred in 1598, 1651, 1681, 1708, 1717 (twice), 1742, 1788, 1841 and 1842. The 1651 fire destroyed 90% of all buildings within the city limits. After the " Horneman Fire " in 1681, there was an almost total reconstruction of the city, overseen by General Johan Caspar von Cicignon , originally from Luxembourg . Broad avenues, such as Munkegata, were created, without regard for private property rights, to limit

4144-455: The 1990s. In strong contrast to the Norwegian national team's defensive and often criticized (yet highly effective) style of play at the time, Rosenborg achieved success through strict adherence to crowd-pleasing, attacking football. The Norwegian Premier League , established in 1991, was won 13 consecutive seasons from 1992. The Norwegian Cup was won five times. In 1995, Rosenborg qualified for

4256-399: The 1st Division the following year. In 1979, Iversen became top goalscorer for the fourth time in his career, but by the time he had retired in 1982, the club had still not regained its former glory. That would finally happen in 1985 when, after 14 trophyless years, Rosenborg defeated Lillestrøm in the final match of the season to win the league by a single point. The year 1985 may have been

4368-479: The Champions League, Rosenborg had enjoyed another great season and it looked like Hareide's beginning reforms were paying off, but 2003 turned out to be his one and only season at the club as he accepted an offer to lead the Norwegian national team in December of that year. He was replaced by his assistant Ola By Rise , a notable former goalkeeper and goalkeeping coach at the club. With Hareide's unexpected departure at

4480-457: The Champions League. In the 1996–97 season, they were heading for an early exit, but with Milan squandering valuable points, the stage was set for a deciding match at San Siro . Rosenborg defeated Milan 2–1, ousting the Italians and putting themselves in the quarter-finals, where they lost 3–1 on aggregate against Juventus . In the 1999–2000 season, Rosenborg won their group to secure a place in

4592-409: The Cup final to win their 10th national cup and complete their 8th domestic Double. In 2016 Rosenborg won both the league and the cup, and by doing so because the first team in Norway to win the double two consecutive seasons. This was Rosenborg's 9th domestic Double. The founding members of Rosenborg bought their first kits in 1918. The shirts were blue with a yellow vertical stripe on the front and

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4704-667: The European stage for the first time. As winners of the cup in 1964, the club debuted in the Cup Winners' Cup the following year. Three years later, Rosenborg entered the European Cup as winners of the league. Rosenborg hired Englishman George Curtis as coach ahead of the 1969 season. Curtis introduced the new 4–4–2 formation and shifted focus towards tactics and organization rather than all-out attacking football. This move worked well to begin with, as Rosenborg were crowned league winners for

4816-452: The Germans turned the city and its environs into a major base for submarines (which included building the large submarine base and bunker DORA I ), and contemplated a scheme to build a new city for 300,000 inhabitants, Nordstern ("Northern Star"), centred 15 kilometres (9 miles) southwest of Trondheim, near the wetlands of Øysand on the outskirts of Melhus municipality. This new metropolis

4928-557: The Intertoto Cup club that advances farthest in the UEFA Cup. In the group stage Rosenborg failed to impress, finishing last with two points. The club also failed in the League, finishing at a disappointing 5th place, for a consecutive season. Ahead of the 2009 season Hamrén brought several new players to Rosenborg, one of them being Rade Prica , who Hamrén knew well from Aalborg. At the end of

5040-506: The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway for centuries. On 21 December 1917, a royal resolution enacted the 1917 Norwegian language reforms . Around the time, many municipalities and cities had their names changed to "Norwegianize" the spelling and make them look less Danish . On 1 January 1919, the name of the local Church of Norway diocese was changed from Trondhjem stift to Nidaros bispedømme (English: Diocese of Nidaros ). In 1924,

5152-588: The Mission Hotel in Trondheim. Some were also interrogated by Henry Rinnan and his gang. It was closed in 1971 after the opening of Trondheim Prison at Tunga. Trondheim Prison (Norwegian: Trondheim fengsel ) is a prison that belongs to the Northern Region of the Norwegian Correctional Services . The prison can house 184 inmates . It consists of four main departments: Trondheim forms

5264-517: The Nidaros Cathedral, the two of them form an unofficial religious quarter along with a synagogue , a Baptist church, a Salvation Army office, and the 8-auditorium cinema Prinsen kinosenter . Sverresborg , also named Zion after King David's castle in Jerusalem , was a fortification built by Sverre Sigurdsson . It is now an open-air museum, consisting of more than 60 buildings. The castle

5376-524: The bottom may symbolise the city council. The motif is unique in Norwegian municipal heraldry, but similar motifs are found in bishopric cities on the continent. The design of the coat-of-arms that was adopted in 1897, and is still used today, was made by Håkon Thorsen. Trondheim is situated where the River Nidelva meets Trondheim Fjord with an excellent harbour and sheltered condition. In the Middle Ages

5488-480: The cathedral. On 24 May 2002, their daughter Princess Märtha Louise married the writer Ari Behn in the cathedral. The Pilgrim's Route ( Pilegrimsleden ) to the site of Saint Olufs's tomb at Nidaros Cathedral, has recently been re-instated. Also known as St. Olav's Way, ( Sankt Olavs vei ), the main route, which is approximately 640 kilometres (400 mi) long, starts in Oslo and heads North, along Lake Mjøsa , up

5600-506: The centre of the Trondheim Region , and is a common commuting point for work, shopping, and healthcare. Although the official list of metropolitan regions of Norway defines the region very broadly, the area of two-way commuting where Trondheim residents too would head outwards for transport, shopping, and upper secondary schools , consists roughly of Trondheim, Malvik , downtown Stjørdal (incl. Værnes ), downtown Melhus , Skaun , and

5712-537: The city center. It has four three-tier grandstands without corners with a capacity for 21,421 spectators, of which 1,338 are in club seating and luxury boxes on the center tier of all four stands. The stadium is part of Lerkendal idrettspark, which also consists of three training pitches, two full size and one which has artificial turf . The club's offices are located in Brakka, a German-built barracks dating from World War II. Lerkendal Stadion opened on 10 August 1947 as

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5824-404: The city of Trondheim (population: 56,982), which nearly doubled the population of the municipality. On 1 January 2020, the neighboring Klæbu Municipality (population: 6,050) was merged with Trondheim Municipality. The coat of arms dates back to the 13th century. To the left, there is an archbishop with his staff and mitre in a church archway. On the right, a crowned king holding scales in

5936-554: The cityscape – especially on dark winter evenings. Vollan District Jail ( Norwegian : Vollan kretsfengsel ) was a jail during the nazi occupation of Norway and was used to imprison both prisoners of war and criminals. Vollan was not considered a concentration camp . In a summary of prisoners of war in Norway, numerous prisoners were registered at Vollan. One of its roles was as a transit camp for political prisoners . Many prisoners were taken from Vollan to Kristiansten Fortress and shot. The prisoners at Vollan were interrogated at

6048-488: The club for the remainder of the 2007 season. Rosenborg finished the season in 5th place. After Tørum's resignation, Rosenborg started negotiating with Trond Sollied to fill the head coach vacancy. Sollied, who since his departure in 1998 had become a merited coach in Belgium, had earlier been linked back to Rosenborg at several occasions. After a lengthy process Sollied turned down the job, giving ammunition to those criticizing

6160-425: The club since the start of the 1990s. In a controversial move, Hareide began this process by releasing the popular Bent Skammelsrud , who subsequently retired. Under new leadership, Rosenborg laid waste to the league, losing only three games and winning 14 points ahead of runners-up Bodø/Glimt . The club claimed its seventh successive Double, again defeating Bodø/Glimt in the cup final. Despite failing to qualify for

6272-405: The club was not happy with Jönsson's results as head coach and he was sacked on 7 December 2012. In the search for a new head coach, Per Joar Hansen was linked to Rosenborg, but the message was not well received from the supporters. Hansen's previous stay at Lerkendal ended poorly, and therefore many fans were skeptical of him as the replacement for Jan Jönsson. On 14 December 2012, Per Joar Hansen

6384-482: The club's 20th league title. On 31 October, Per-Mathias Høgmo ended prolonged speculation on whether he would return and in what role, when he held a press conference where he stated that he resigned as manager with immediate effect, and would withdraw from football altogether. Tørum accepted an offer to be the permanent manager. Another resignation came on 11 February 2007, when director Rune Bratseth announced his resignation, citing among other things huge pressure from

6496-515: The club. At 27 July 2008, Rosenborg became the first Norwegian team ever to win a final match in the UEFA Intertoto Cup, beating Dutch team NAC Breda 2–1 on aggregate. The win put RBK in the 2nd Qualifying Round of the 2008–09 UEFA Cup , where they advanced to the Group Stage. They did not win the Intertoto Cup, however; under rules instituted for the 2006 competition , the trophy is awarded to

6608-486: The damage from future fires. At the time, the city had a population of under 10,000 inhabitants, with most living in the downtown area. After the Treaty of Roskilde on 26 February 1658, Trondheim and the rest of Trøndelag became Swedish territory briefly. However, after a three-month long siege , the area was reconquered 10 months later. The conflict was finally settled by the Treaty of Copenhagen on 27 May 1660. During

6720-579: The disappointing season – they qualified for the tenth time after winning 4–3 against Steaua București . Rosenborg managed to qualify for the 11th time in 2007. The club impressed with a 1–1 draw away against Chelsea and beating Valencia 2–0 both home and away. In July 2009, Rosenborg was eliminated from the UEFA Europa League in the second qualifying round against Qarabag of Azerbaijan . A year later, in August 2010, Rosenborg were eliminated in

6832-402: The domestic level, but also perform better at the European level, Rosenborg would have to become more cynical and focus more on defensive skill, while still maintaining the offensive play that had made the team so strong in the first place. The new manager also highlighted the need to renew the aging squad, whose continuity had been another key to the club's success; many of the players had been in

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6944-632: The east gives sunny weather which can last for weeks. Conversely, Atlantic Lows can also dominate for weeks, and both patterns can happen all year. In 2020 May saw northwesterlies with cold air from northwest lasting weeks and even bringing snowfall, while June 2020 recorded 345 sun hours and new record high 34.3 °C (94 °F), Norway's warmest high in 2020. The sunniest month on record is May 2024 with 366 sunhours. Trondheim experiences moderate snowfall from November to March, but mixed with mild weather and rainfall. There are on average 14 days each winter with at least 25 cm (10 in) of snow cover on

7056-451: The end of 2003 the club failed to properly execute the reforms he had begun. It also became clear that with the increased flow of capital into Norwegian football, some clubs were finally beginning to perform at a more consistent level close, or even equal, to that of Rosenborg. Rosenborg were no longer able to dominate every match, instead taking on the appearance of a team fed up with success. Rosenborg were league winners again in 2004 but it

7168-452: The end of the club's first golden age . Rosenborg lost the cup final two consecutive seasons and began to struggle in the league. A flurry of coaches (including Eggen) came and went without making an impact and in 1977 the team won only one match the entire season, finishing dead last. Nils Arne Eggen was then called in for his third tenure, from 1978 to 1982, and with the return of the now 35-year-old Odd Iversen , Rosenborg climbed back into

7280-556: The ground and 22 days with a daily minimum temperature of −10 °C (14 °F) or less (1971–2000, airport). There is often more snow and later snowmelt in suburban areas at a higher elevation, with good skiing conditions in Bymarka . All the monthly record lows are from 1955 or older, with half of them from before 1920. The last overnight frost in June was in 1958, and the coldest night in May after year 2000 had low −2.7 °C. The May record low

7392-414: The group stage of Champions League 11 times, reaching the quarter-finals in 1996–97 . On 19 May 1917, 12 young men from Rosenborg in Trondheim founded Sportsklubben Odd . The name Odd was a tribute to Odd of Skien , the most successful team in Norway at the time. Odd spent their first few years playing against other local teams before attempting to join the regional series in 1920. As with most of

7504-458: The last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 1 May and average date for first freeze in autumn is 9 October giving a frost-free season of 160 days (Trondheim Airport Værnes 1981-2010 average). The earliest weather stations were located closer to the city centre, from 1945 onwards the weather station has been located at a higher elevation (Voll, 127 m and Tyholt, 113 m), therefore being slightly colder. A new sunrecorder

7616-461: The lower sections of Vanvikan in Indre Fosen . Trondheim Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor

7728-430: The main athletics and football venue in Trondheim, owned by the municipality. Rosenborg took Lerkendal into use from the 1957–58 season. The first major rebuilding of the venue took place ahead of the 1962 season, when the wooden stands were torn and replaced with concrete stands on both long sides, and the south stand received a roof. Floodlighting was installed in 1968 to allow UEFA club tournament matches to be held at

7840-420: The media as his reason to resign. He was replaced by Knut Thorbjørn Eggen , son of former manager Nils Arne Eggen, from 1 August. Despite the good result in 2006, manager Knut Tørum wasn't able to gain the same success in the 2007 season. That, together with his troubles to get along with director Knut Thorbjørn Eggen resulted in his resignation on 25 October 2007. Assistant manager Trond Henriksen took charge of

7952-497: The medieval Norwegian spelling instead of the Danish version Trondhjem . The name of the diocese and cathedral, however, continued using the name Nidaros. Trondheim was briefly named Drontheim during the Second World War as a German exonym . Trondheim was named Kaupangen (English: market place or trading place ) by Viking King Olav Tryggvason in 997 CE. Shortly after that, it came to be called Nidaros . Initially, it

8064-452: The middle of the city centre. The cathedral, built from 1070 on, is the most important Gothic monument in Norway and was Northern Europe's most important Christian pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages, with pilgrimage routes leading to it from Oslo in southern Norway and from the Jämtland and Värmland regions of Sweden. Today, it is the northernmost medieval cathedral in the world, and

8176-410: The municipality further away from the fjord has slightly colder winters, while the part close to the fjord has the mildest winters. Trondheim is mostly sheltered from the strong south and southwesterly winds which can occur along the outer seaboard but is more exposed to northwesterly winds. As with the rest of Norway, the weather is dependent on the weather pattern. High pressure over Central Norway or to

8288-517: The municipality of Trondheim. They are all a part of the Diocese of Nidaros , which is based in Trondheim at the Nidaros Cathedral . Many of the churches are several hundred years old, with a couple which were built almost 1,000 years ago. The Roman Catholic Sankt Olav domkirke is the cathedral episcopal see of the exempt Territorial Prelature of Trondheim . Being located across the street from

8400-472: The name of the Norwegian capital city was changed from Kristiania to Oslo , removing the name referencing a Danish King in favor of the very old name Oslo. In 1928, a referendum in Trondhjem was held on whether to keep the current name or to bring back the original name of Nidaros . The vote resulted in 17,163 votes in favour of Trondhjem and only 1,508 votes in favour of Nidaros. Despite this result,

8512-496: The one-year-olds are chased away by their mothers, or in late winter when food grows scarce in the snow-covered higher regions. From 2002 until 2017, a wolverine lived in Bymarka. Most of Trondheim city centre is scattered with small speciality shops. However, the main shopping area is concentrated around the pedestrianised streets Nordre gate (English: Northern street ), Olav Tryggvasons gate and Thomas Angells gate even though

8624-542: The place for the assembly of all free men by the mouth of the River Nidelva . Harald Fairhair (865–933) was hailed as the king here, as was his son, Haakon I , called 'the Good.' The battle of Kalvskinnet took place in Trondheim in 1179: King Sverre Sigurdsson and his Birkebeiner warriors were victorious against Erling Skakke (a rival to the throne). Some scholars believe that the famous Lewis chessmen , 12th-century chess pieces carved from walrus ivory that were found in

8736-518: The players had to be able to perform better. During the previous two season, Rosenborg had a tendency to collective collapse in the last ten minutes of matches due to exhaustion. Ingebrigtsen decided therefore that the training would be increased by 40 percent, so that players would be able to finish matches and not let easy goals get scored against. The provision gave results immediately; Rosenborg scored 23 goals and let only two against in their first five pre-season matches. The season saw Rosenborg win

8848-458: The reading is inaccurate by one hour in the summer. The islet Munkholmen is a popular tourist attraction and recreation site. The islet has served as a place of execution, a monastery , a fortress , prison , and a Second World War anti-aircraft gun station. Stiftsgården is the royal residence in Trondheim, originally constructed in 1774 by Cecilie Christine Schøller . At 140 rooms constituting 4,000 square metres (43,056 sq ft), it

8960-475: The rest of the city centre is provided with everything from old, well-established companies to new, hip and trendy shops. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the area surrounding the old drydock and ship construction buildings of the defunct Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted shipbuilding company at the Nedre Elvehavn was renovated and old industrial buildings were torn down to make way for condominiums. A shopping centre

9072-468: The river was deep enough to be navigable by most boats. However, in the mid-17th century, an avalanche of mud and stones made it less navigable, and partly ruined the harbour. The municipality's highest elevation is the Storheia hill, 565 metres (1,854 ft) above sea level . At the summer solstice , the sun rises at 03:00 and sets at 23:40, but stays just below the horizon. Between 23 May and 19 July, when

9184-456: The season against Aalesund, ending in a 2–2 draw, which meant that they went unbeaten all season in the league competition. Jan Jönsson , whose contract with Stabæk ended after the 2010 season, was hired as head coach ahead of the 2011 season and he led the team for two seasons, where Rosenborg finishing third in the league and qualified for the Europe League group stage both years. However,

9296-423: The season finished the team impressed everyone with great progress in the Norwegian Cup , being 2nd in the league , and as expected progressing from the Europa League first qualifying round by beating Northern Irish Crusaders , 2–1 away and ending with 7–2 victory at Lerkendal. However, the beginning of the second half of the season shocked everyone when Rosenborg were surprisingly beaten by St Johnstone in

9408-467: The season, Rosenborg won the league with 69 points, 13 points ahead of their nearest rival Molde FK . Rosenborg lost only one league game, a 3–2 loss against IK Start . Rosenborg had their run to the Double stopped by Molde in the cup's quarter final, losing 5–0. The club got their revenge in late September, when they defeated Molde in the league and by that secured their 21st league title. On 20 May 2010 it

9520-585: The second group stage. The most memorable game was away against Borussia Dortmund , who were defeated 3–0. Other highlights include the 2–0 win against Real Madrid and a 5–1 victory over Olympiacos , both in the 1997–98 season. There have also been some dismal performances, particularly against French teams. Rosenborg lost 0–5 to Lyon in 2002 and were crushed 2–7 by Paris Saint-Germain in 2000. The Norwegians failed to qualify in 2003, losing out to Deportivo La Coruña , but managed to qualify again in 2004 after beating Maccabi Haifa , and in 2005 – despite

9632-411: The second-largest in Scandinavia . During the Middle Ages, and again after independence was restored in 1814, the Nidaros Cathedral was the coronation church of the Norwegian kings. King Haakon VII was the last monarch to be crowned there, in 1906. Starting with King Olav V in 1957, coronation was replaced by consecration . In 1991, the present King Harald V and Queen Sonja were consecrated in

9744-437: The shorts were white. The current white shirts and black shorts, introduced in 1931, were another tribute to the football club Odd. A shirt sponsor was introduced in 1971. Home kit: White shirt and black shorts. Away kit: Black shirt and black shorts. Third kit: Red shirt and red shorts. Rosenborg play their home matches at Lerkendal Stadion, an all-seater stadium located at Lerkendal , 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) south of

9856-455: The site of the Nidaros Cathedral . It was incorporated in 1838. The current municipality was formed in 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset , Leinstrand , Strinda , and Tiller , and further expanded on 1 January 2020, when Trondheim merged with Klæbu . Trondheim has a mild climate for its northerly latitude, resulting in moderate summers and winters that often remain above the freezing point in seaside areas. At higher elevations, though,

9968-445: The sky is cloud-free, it remains light enough at night that no artificial lighting is needed outdoors. At the winter solstice, the sun rises at 10:01, stays very low above the horizon (at midday its altitude is slightly more than 3 degrees over the horizon), and sets at 14:31. Trondheim city has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) or humid continental climate (Dfb), depending on the winter threshold used (−3 °C or 0 °C). The part of

10080-432: The talented young forward Odd Iversen , Rosenborg won their first league title. Iversen scored 17 goals in 18 matches that year, and would go on to score a massive 30 goals in the following season, although he alone could not prevent Rosenborg from being beaten to the title by Lyn . By the end of the 1960s it was clear that Rosenborg had emerged as one of Norway's leading football clubs. The 1960s saw Rosenborg venture onto

10192-472: The team held on to its place in the top flight and finishing third in the Champions League Group Stage, qualifying them for the UEFA Cup. Rosenborg's woes continued in the spring of 2006. Halfway through the season, rival Brann held a commanding 10-point lead. On 27 July, Per-Mathias Høgmo went on sick leave, citing burn-out as the cause. Assistant manager Knut Tørum took up the reins. For

10304-399: The team redeemed themselves by winning nine of the last ten games in the season finishing in 2nd place, eleven points behind Molde . Ingebrigtsen's great performance led to him being introduced as the new permanent coach 20 November 2014. Kåre Ingebrigsten's first major change was the amount of exercise the players should be susceptible to. He had the same vision as former coach Hansen, but

10416-492: The third time in three years, an assistant would take the helm. This time, however, it was a complete success. Rosenborg won eight straight games, eliminating Brann's lead, and finally overtaking them. On 22 October, in what was described as "the biggest clash since the Battle of Stiklestad ", Rosenborg defeated Brann away, giving the club a six-point lead with two rounds to go. The following weekend, Rosenborg defeated Viking , securing

10528-440: The third time. However, when both Odd Iversen and Harald Sunde left the club, Rosenborg virtually stopped scoring goals and failed to win again in 1970. Curtis was criticized for being too defensively minded and was replaced by recently retired player Nils Arne Eggen, who reverted to a more crowd-pleasing style of play. Eggen's first of five tenures as coach was a resounding success; Rosenborg won The Double . The 1971 Double marked

10640-479: The title again. They made the play-off in the Europa League , beating Debrecen 3–2 in the first leg away in Hungary . As a result of Rosenborg's crowd pleasing play, the home spectator numbers increased by 31 percent from 13,922 to 18,239 on average. At the end of the season Rosenborg won their 23rd title, finishing 12 points clear ahead of the second place Strømsgodset. On 22 November Rosenborg beat Sarpsborg 08 2–0 in

10752-519: The valley Gudbrandsdalen , over the mountain range Dovrefjell and down the Oppdal valley to end at Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. There is a Pilgrim's Office in Oslo which gives advice to pilgrims and a Pilgrim Centre in Trondheim, under the aegis of the cathedral, which awards certificates to successful pilgrims upon the completion of their journey. The Lutheran Church of Norway has 21 churches within

10864-495: The way in which Rosenborg has dealt with their recurring head coach issue in the latter years. On 28 December, Rosenborg announced Erik Hamrén as their new coach for the 2008 season. Hamrén started as coach in Rosenborg on 1 June 2008, after he had fulfilled his duties as coach for Aalborg BK . Days before Hamren's arrival Knut Thorbjørn Eggen announced his immediate resignation. The media speculated Eggen's resignation had been demanded by Hamrén in order to gain total control over

10976-455: The world. Rockheim ( Norwegian : Det nasjonale opplevelsessenteret for pop og rock , The National Discovery Center for Pop and Rock) opened at the Pier in August 2010. It is located inside an old warehouse, but characterised by an easily recognisable roof in the shape of a box. "The box" is decorated by thousands of tiny lights that change in a variety of colours and patterns, and is a landmark in

11088-461: Was also built, known as Solsiden (The Sunny Side). This is a popular residential and shopping area, especially for young people. DORA 1 is a German submarine base that housed the 13th U-boat Flotilla during the Second World War occupation of Norway. Today the bunker houses various archives, among them the city archives, the university and state archives. More recently, DORA has been used as

11200-512: Was amalgamated with Trondheim. Then, on 1 January 1893, another part of Strinda (population: 4,097) was transferred to Trondheim. On 1 January 1952, the Lade area of Strinda (population: 2,230) was transferred to Trondheim. On 1 January 1964, a major municipal merger took place: the neighbouring municipalities of Leinstrand (population: 4,193), Byneset (population: 2,049), Strinda (population: 44,600), and Tiller (population: 3,595) were all merged with

11312-414: Was confirmed as new head coach, with the ambition to take Rosenborg back to the top of the league. Hansen's first major modification was changing from Rosenborg's regular 4–4–2 to the more aggressive 4–3–3 as they played in the 90's, taking the team back to the roots. Hansen's change of formation did not become well received when Rosenborg only scored three goals in their eight pre-season matches. After half

11424-451: Was decided that Nils Arne Eggen would lead Rosenborg for the 2010 season. He took over after Erik Hamrén who went to be the Manager for the national team of Sweden. Erik Hamréns last match was a 2–1 away win against Viking FK on 24 May. On 24 October 2010, Rosenborg won the league for the 22nd time after winning 1–0 against Tromsø IL . On 7 November, Rosenborg played the last league game of

11536-408: Was divided into the boroughs Sentrum , Strinda , Nardo , Byåsen and Heimdal . The city council (Bystyret) of Trondheim is made up of 67 representatives that are elected to four year terms. Prior to 2011, there were 85 city council members, but this number was reduced to 67 in 2011. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party . Trondheim

11648-572: Was established by met.no in the city at Gløshaugen (NTNU) December 2015, recording more sunhrs than earlier sunrecorder, which had terrain blocking issues. There are on average 229 sunhours in July (based 2016–2020). Trondheim recorded 197 sunhours in October 2016 beating the previous national record for October. In April 2019, Trondheim recorded 308 sunhours, setting a new national record for April. In contrast, December 2016 only recorded 10 sunhours. The city has various wetland habitats . among which there

11760-549: Was established in 997 by Olav Tryggvason and it was originally named Nidaros ( Old Norse : Niðaróss ). The first element of the name was the local river Nid . The last element of the name was óss which meant "the mouth of a river". Thus the name meant "the outlet of the river Nid ". Although the formal name was Nidaros, the city was commonly known as kaupangr , which means "city" or "marketplace", or more specifically kaupangr í Þróndheimi which means "the city in Trondheim". Trondheim ( Old Norse : Þróndheimr )

11872-406: Was for the most part a disaster. The club battled to avoid falling into the relegation zone for much of the season; Eggen left his role midways, and Per Joar Hansen left in August. Per-Mathias Høgmo followed Hansen as the club's manager immediately after his departure. His first months were marred by a series of embarrassing losses and an early exit from the cup, but with a late-season return to form

11984-530: Was frequently used as a military retainer ( Old Norse : "hird"-man) of King Olav I. It was also frequently used as the king's seat and was Norway's capital until 1217. People have lived in the region for thousands of years, as evidenced by the rock carvings in central Norway , the Nøstvet and Lihult cultures , and the Corded Ware culture . In ancient times, the kings of Norway were hailed in Trondheim at Øretinget ,

12096-470: Was not completed until after World War II. Rosenborg's youth team has been one of the best in the country ever since the club was founded and an especially talented generation of youth players during the 1950s would grow up to form the basis for the first team's success in the 1960s and onwards. In 1960 Rosenborg progressed all the way to the cup final where they faced Odd, the team from which they had adopted their original name and colours from in 1917. It took

12208-542: Was only through more goals scored that they were able to claim the title. Ola By Rise's contract was terminated in October, even though he succeeded in leading the team to the Champions League, and for some time it was uncertain who would take over. In November the club announced the return of Nils Arne Eggen as an advisor to former assistant manager, Per Joar Hansen , who was promoted to manager. Bjørn Hansen and Rune Skarsfjord would also act as assistant managers. The scheme proved so unsuccessful that Rosenborg's 2005 season

12320-475: Was originally built in 1182–1183, but did not last for long as it was burned down in 1188. However, the Sverresaga indicates it had been restored by 1197. The Trondheim Science Center ( Norwegian : Vitensenteret i Trondheim ) is a scientific hands-on experience center. The NTNU University Museum (Norwegian: NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet) is part of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology . There are also

12432-464: Was the historic name for the whole district which is now known as Trøndelag . This is the area where the people were known as Trønder ( þróndr ). This district name Trondheim meant "the home of the Trønder people" (literally "Trønder-home") and Trøndelag ( Old Norse : Þrǿndalǫg ) originally meant the "law area of the Trønder people" (literally "Trønder-law"). The name of the Trønder people derives from

12544-541: Was to be accompanied by a massively expanded version of the already existing naval base, which was intended to become the future primary stronghold of the German Kriegsmarine . A start was made on this enormous construction project, but it was far from completed when the war ended, and today, there are few physical remains of it. The city of Trondheim was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt ). On 1 January 1864, part of Strinda (population: 1,229)

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