The Rue Dauphine is a street in Saint-Germain-des-Prés in the 6th arrondissement of Paris , France. It is one of the most fashionable and expensive districts of Paris .
44-852: It was named after the Dauphin , son of Henry IV of France . The Pont Neuf crosses the river Seine in front of the Rue Dauphine. Nobel prize –winning physicist Pierre Curie , husband of Marie Skłodowska-Curie , was struck and killed by a horse-drawn carriage on this street in 1906. This Parisian road or road transport-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Dauphin of France Dauphin of France ( / ˈ d ɔː f ɪ n / , also UK : / d ɔː ˈ f ɪ n , ˈ d oʊ f æ̃ / US : / ˈ d oʊ f ɪ n , d oʊ ˈ f æ̃ / ; French : Dauphin de France [dofɛ̃ də fʁɑ̃s] ), originally Dauphin of Viennois ( Dauphin de Viennois ),
88-566: A Parlement in Poitiers . On 11 July of that same year, Charles and John the Fearless attempted a reconciliation on a small bridge near Pouilly-le-Fort , not far from Melun where Charles was staying. They signed the Treaty of Pouilly-le-Fort in which they would share authority of the government, assist each other and not to form any treaties without the other's consent. Charles and John also decided that
132-640: A bared sword into Charles' bed, according to one source. Eventually, in 1446, after Charles's last son, also named Charles, was born, the king banished the Dauphin to the Dauphiné . The two never met again. Louis thereafter refused the king's demands to return to court, and he eventually fled to the protection of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, in 1456. In 1458, Charles became ill. A sore on his leg (an early symptom, perhaps, of diabetes or another condition) refused to heal, and
176-633: A ceremony at the Louvre Palace . Charles claimed the title King of France for himself, but failed to make any attempts to expel the English from northern France out of indecision and a sense of hopelessness. Instead, he remained south of the Loire River, where he was still able to exert power, and maintained an itinerant court in the Loire Valley at castles such as Chinon . He was still customarily known as
220-504: A further meeting should take place the following 10 September. On that date, they met on the bridge at Montereau . The Duke assumed that the meeting would be entirely peaceful and diplomatic; thus, he brought only a small escort with him. The Dauphin's men reacted to the Duke's arrival by attacking and killing him. Charles's level of involvement has remained uncertain to this day. Although he claimed to have been unaware of his men's intentions, this
264-471: A point in July 1461 when the king's physicians concluded that Charles would not live past August. Ill and weary, the king became delirious, convinced that he was surrounded by traitors loyal only to his son. Under the pressure of sickness and fever, he went mad. By now another infection in his jaw had caused an abscess in his mouth. The swelling caused by this became so large that, for the last week of his life, Charles
308-528: A short story called "The Death of the Dauphin", about a young Dauphin who wants to stop Death from approaching him. The Dauphin is also mentioned in Cormac McCarthy 's Blood Meridian . "The Dauphin" is a 1988 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation . As the titular character is female, the episode title gets the gender incorrect (the French female equivalent is "Dauphine"). Robert Pattinson portrays
352-666: Is "really" an impoverished English duke , and the other, not to be outdone, reveals that he is "really" the Dauphin (" Looey the Seventeen , son of Looey the Sixteen and Marry Antonet "). Louis, Duke of Guyenne , the Dauphin of Viennois, is a character in Shakespeare 's Henry V . In Baronness Emma Orczy's Eldorado , the Scarlet Pimpernel rescues the Dauphin from prison and helps spirit him from France. Alphonse Daudet wrote
396-489: Is far overshadowed by the deeds and eventual martyrdom of Joan of Arc and his early reign was at times marked by indecisiveness and inaction, he was responsible for successes unprecedented in the history of the Kingdom of France. He succeeded in what four generations of his predecessors (namely his father Charles VI, his grandfather Charles V , his great-grandfather John II and great-great grandfather Philip VI ) failed to do –
440-801: The Battle of Castillon in 1453, the French expelled the English from all their continental possessions except the Pale of Calais . The last years of Charles VII were marked by conflicts with his turbulent son, the future Louis XI . Born at the Hôtel Saint-Pol , the royal residence in Paris, Charles was given the title of Count of Ponthieu six months after his birth in 1403. He was the eleventh child and fifth son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria . His four elder brothers, Charles (1386), Charles (1392–1401), Louis (1397–1415) and John (1398–1417) had each held
484-611: The Dauphiné , to King Philippe VI on condition that the heir of France assume the title of le Dauphin . The wife of the Dauphin was known as la Dauphine . The first French prince called le Dauphin was Charles the Wise, later ascending to the throne as Charles V of France . The title was roughly equivalent to the Spanish Prince of Asturias , the Portuguese Prince of Brazil , the English (thence British) Prince of Wales , and
SECTION 10
#1732855781737528-545: The Duke of Bedford (the uncle of Henry VI ), was advancing into the Duchy of Bar , ruled by Charles's brother-in-law, René . The French lords and soldiers loyal to Charles were becoming increasingly desperate. Then in the little village of Domrémy , on the border of Lorraine and Champagne , a teenage girl named Joan of Arc ( French : Jeanne d'Arc ), demanded that the garrison commander at Vaucouleurs, Robert de Baudricourt , collect
572-557: The Hundred Years' War , Charles VII inherited the throne of France under desperate circumstances. Forces of the Kingdom of England and the duke of Burgundy occupied Guyenne and northern France, including Paris , the capital and most populous city, and Reims , the city in which French kings were traditionally crowned . In addition, his father, Charles VI , had disinherited him in 1420 and recognized Henry V of England and his heirs as
616-562: The "Dauphin", or derisively as the "King of Bourges ", after the town where he generally lived. Periodically, he considered flight to the Iberian Peninsula , which would have allowed the English to advance their occupation of France. Political conditions in France took a decisive turn in the year 1429 just as the prospects for the Dauphin began to look hopeless. The town of Orléans had been under siege since October 1428. The English regent,
660-607: The Dauphin of Viennois in The King . Charles VII of France Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious ( French : le Victorieux ) or the Well-Served ( le Bien-Servi ), was King of France from 1422 to his death in 1461. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years' War and a de facto end of the English claims to the French throne . During
704-478: The Dauphiné than to France. For example, he married Charlotte of Savoy against his father's wishes. Savoy was a traditional ally of the Dauphiné, and Louis wished to reaffirm that alliance to stamp out rebels and robbers in the province. Louis was driven out of the Dauphiné by Charles VII's soldiers in 1456, leaving the region to fall back into disorder. After his succession as Louis XI of France in 1461, Louis united
748-457: The Dauphiné with France, bringing it under royal control. The title was automatically conferred upon the next heir apparent to the throne in the direct line upon birth, accession of the parent to the throne or death of the previous Dauphin, unlike the British title Prince of Wales , which has always been in the gift of the monarch (traditionally conferred upon the heir's 21st birthday). The sons of
792-432: The French forces at Orléans. She was aided by skilled commanders such as Étienne de Vignolles, known as La Hire , and Jean Poton de Xaintrailles . They compelled the English to lift the siege on 8 May 1429, thus turning the tide of the war. The French won the Battle of Patay on 18 June, at which the English field army lost about half its troops. After pushing further into English and Burgundian-controlled territory, Charles
836-467: The King of France held the style and rank of fils de France (son of France), while male-line grandsons were given the style and rank of petits-enfants de France (Grandson of France). The sons and grandsons of the Dauphin ranked higher than their cousins, being treated as the king's children and grandchildren respectively. The sons of the Dauphin, though grandsons of the king, were ranked as Sons of France, and
880-580: The Scottish Duke of Rothesay . The official style of a Dauphin of France, prior to 1461, was par la grâce de Dieu, dauphin de Viennois, comte de Valentinois et de Diois ("By the Grace of God, Dauphin of Viennois, Count of Valentinois and of Diois"). A Dauphin of France united the coat of arms of the Dauphiné, which featured dolphins, with the French fleurs-de-lis , and might, where appropriate, further unite that with other arms (e.g. Francis , son of Francis I ,
924-628: The chamber in which the court was assembled. Joan identified Charles immediately. She bowed low to him and embraced his knees, declaring "God give you a happy life, sweet King!" Despite attempts to claim that another man was in fact the king, thereafter Joan referred to him as "Dauphin" or "Noble Dauphin" until he was crowned in Reims four months later. After a private conversation between the two, Charles became inspired and filled with confidence. After her encounter with Charles in March 1429, Joan of Arc set out to lead
SECTION 20
#1732855781737968-465: The expulsion of the English and the conclusion of the Hundred Years' War . Charles created France's first standing army since Roman times. In The Prince , Niccolò Machiavelli asserts that if his son Louis XI had continued this policy, then the French would have become invincible. Charles VII secured himself against papal power by the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges . He also established
1012-540: The following two decades, the French recaptured Paris from the English and eventually recovered all of France with the exception of the northern port of Calais . Charles's later years were marked by hostile relations with his heir, Louis , who demanded real power to accompany his position as the Dauphin. Charles consistently refused him. Accordingly, Louis stirred up dissent and fomented plots in attempts to destabilise his father's reign. He quarrelled with his father's mistress, Agnès Sorel, and on one occasion drove her with
1056-588: The grandsons of the Dauphin ranked as Grandsons of France; other great-grandsons of the king ranked merely as princes of the blood . The title was abolished by the Constitution of 1791 , which made France a constitutional monarchy. Under the constitution the heir-apparent to the throne (Dauphin Louis-Charles at that time) was restyled Prince Royal (a Prince of the Blood retitled prince français ), taking effect from
1100-536: The heirs of Louis-Philippe being titled Prince Royal . After the death of Henri, comte de Chambord , Carlos, Duke of Madrid , the heir of the legitimist claimant, Juan, Count of Montizón , made use of the title in pretense , as have the Spanish legitimist claimants since. In Mark Twain 's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , Huck encounters two odd characters who turn out to be professional con men . One of them claims that he should be treated with deference, since he
1144-583: The inception of the Legislative Assembly on 1 October 1791. The title was restored in potentia under the Bourbon Restoration of Louis XVIII , but there would not be another Dauphin until after his death. With the accession of his brother Charles X , Charles' son and heir Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême automatically became Dauphin. With the removal of the Bourbons the title fell into disuse,
1188-485: The infection in it caused a serious fever. The king summoned Louis to him from his exile in Burgundy, but the Dauphin refused to come. He employed astrologers to foretell the exact hour of his father's death. The king lingered on for the next two and a half years, increasingly ill, but unwilling to die. During this time he also had to deal with the case of his rebellious vassal John V of Armagnac . Finally, however, there came
1232-668: The legitimate successors to the French crown. At the same time, a civil war raged in France between the Armagnacs (supporters of the House of Valois ) and the Burgundian party (supporters of the House of Valois-Burgundy , which was allied to the English). With his court removed to Bourges , south of the Loire river, Charles was disparagingly called the "King of Bourges", because the area around this city
1276-479: The people of Reims switched allegiance and opened their gates, which enabled the coronation of Charles VII at Reims Cathedral in 1429. Six years later, he ended the English-Burgundian alliance by signing the Treaty of Arras with Burgundy, followed by the recovery of Paris in 1436 and the steady reconquest of Normandy in the 1440s using a newly organized professional army and advanced siege cannons. Following
1320-543: The red, white, and blue that represented his family; his heraldic device was a mailed fist clutching a naked sword. On 25 June 1421, he took Gallardon and executed, as traitors, the garrison, and by the end of June Charles had invested Chartres. He then went south of the Loire River under the protection of Yolande of Aragon , known as "Queen of the Four Kingdoms" and, on 18 December 1422, married her daughter, Marie of Anjou , to whom he had been engaged since December 1413 in
1364-463: The regions of France that they occupied. Northern France, including Paris, was thus ruled by an English regent, Henry V's brother, John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford , based in Normandy (see Dual monarchy of England and France ). In his adolescent years, Charles was noted for his bravery and flamboyant style of leadership. At one point after becoming Dauphin, he led an army against the English dressed in
Rue Dauphine - Misplaced Pages Continue
1408-499: The rule of the province to the French heirs, had stipulated must never be united with France. Because of this, the Dauphiné suffered from anarchy in the 14th and 15th centuries, since the Dauphins were frequently minors or concerned with other matters. During his period as Dauphin, Louis, son of Charles VII , defied his father by remaining in the province longer than the king permitted and by engaging in personal politics more beneficial to
1452-601: The soldiers and resources necessary to bring her to the Dauphin at Chinon, stating that visions of angels and saints had given her a divine mission. Granted an escort of five veteran soldiers and a letter of referral to Charles by Lord Baudricourt, Joan rode to see Charles at Chinon. She arrived on 23 February 1429. Second-hand testimony by witnesses who were not present when Joan and the Dauphin met state Charles wanted to test her claim to be able to recognise him despite never having seen him, and so he disguised himself as one of his courtiers. He stood in their midst when Joan entered
1496-506: The succession was cast into doubt. Under the Treaty of Troyes , signed by Charles VI on 21 May 1420, the throne would pass to Henry V or his heir. Henry had died in July 1422: his heir was the infant King Henry VI of England , son of Henry and Charles VI's daughter Catherine of Valois . However, Frenchmen loyal to the Valois regarded the treaty as invalid on grounds of coercion and Charles VI's diminished mental capacity. Those who did not recognize
1540-519: The title of Dauphin of France as heirs apparent to the French throne in turn. All died childless, leaving Charles with a rich inheritance of titles. Almost immediately after becoming dauphin, Charles had to face threats to his inheritance, and he was forced to flee from Paris on 29 May 1418 after the partisans of John the Fearless , Duke of Burgundy , had entered the city the previous night. By 1419, Charles had established his own court in Bourges and
1584-553: The treaty and believed the Dauphin Charles to be of legitimate birth considered him the rightful heir to the throne. Those who considered Charles illegitimate recognized as the rightful heir Charles, Duke of Orléans , cousin of the Dauphin, who was in English captivity. Only the supporters of Henry VI and the Dauphin Charles were able to enlist sufficient military force to press effectively for their candidates. The English, already in control of northern France, enforced Henry's claim in
1628-401: Was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431. Nearly as important as Joan of Arc in the cause of Charles was the support of the powerful and wealthy family of his wife Marie d'Anjou , particularly his mother-in-law, Queen Yolande of Aragon . But whatever affection he may have had for his wife, or whatever gratitude he may have felt for the support of her family, the great love of Charles VII's life
1672-530: Was considered unlikely by those who heard of the murder. The assassination marked the end of any attempt of a reconciliation between the Armagnac and Burgundian factions, thus playing into the hands of Henry V of England. Charles was later required by a treaty with Philip the Good , the son of John the Fearless, to pay penance for the murder, which he never did. At the death of Charles' father Charles VI in October 1422,
1716-503: Was crowned King Charles VII of France in Reims Cathedral on 17 July 1429. Joan was later captured by Burgundian troops under John of Luxembourg at the Siege of Compiègne on 24 May 1430. The Burgundians handed her over to their English allies. Tried for heresy by a court composed of pro-English clergy such as Pierre Cauchon , who had long served the English occupation government, she
1760-493: Was his mistress, Agnès Sorel . Charles VII and Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, then signed the 1435 Treaty of Arras , by which the Burgundian faction rejected their English alliance and became reconciled with Charles VII, just as things were going badly for their English allies. With this accomplishment, Charles attained the essential goal of ensuring that no Prince of the Blood recognised Henry VI as King of France. Over
1804-448: Was one of the few remaining regions left to him. However, his political and military position improved dramatically with the emergence of Joan of Arc as a spiritual leader in France. Joan and Jean de Dunois led French troops to lift the sieges of Orléans and other strategic cities on the Loire river, and to crush the English at the Battle of Patay . With the local English troops dispersed,
Rue Dauphine - Misplaced Pages Continue
1848-531: Was ruling Duke of Brittany , so united the arms of that province with the typical arms of a Dauphin; Francis II , while Dauphin, was also King of Scots by marriage to Mary I , and added the arms of the Kingdom of Scotland to those of the Dauphin). Originally the Dauphin was personally responsible for the rule of the Dauphiné , which was legally part of the Holy Roman Empire , and which the emperors, in giving
1892-541: Was the title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791, and from 1824 to 1830. The word dauphin is French for dolphin and was the hereditary title of the ruler of the Dauphiné of Viennois . While early heirs were granted these lands to rule, eventually only the title was granted. Guigues IV , Count of Vienne , had a dolphin on his coat of arms and was nicknamed le Dauphin . The title of Dauphin de Viennois descended in his family until 1349, when Humbert II sold his seigneury , called
1936-483: Was unable to swallow food or water. Although he asked the Dauphin to come to his deathbed, Louis refused, instead waiting at Avesnes , in Burgundy, for his father to die. At Mehun-sur-Yèvre , attended by his younger son, Charles, and aware of his elder son's final betrayal, the King starved to death. He died on 22 July 1461, and was buried, at his request, beside his parents in Saint-Denis . Although Charles VII's legacy
#736263