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144-750: An anonymous writer in 1750 commented that "all these countries viz. Knoydart, the Two Morrirs, Moydart, and Arisaig, are the most Rough Mountainous and impassible parts in all the Highlands of Scotland, and are commonly called by the Inhabitants of the Neighbouring countries the highlands of the Highlands." The Re-alignment of a 6 km section of the A830 road in Arisaig led to archaeological investigations in 2000–2001 by

288-575: A Franciscan friar , had been sent by the Catholic Church in Ireland in order to proselytise the population of Scotland's west coast. His "chatty mission report" indicates that he converted 198 individuals and baptised 16 during his 8-day visit. (The only family not to convert were relatives of the Protestant minister of Sleat, Neil MacKinnon.) Infuriated by Ward's success, MacKinnon set off for Eigg in

432-508: A whetstone . Wetlands near Laig, (which became peat -bog, during later centuries) appear to have been used for storing partly finished boat parts, as was common in Viking Scandinavia . A few oak posts, 6 feet (1.8 m) in length, for the stern of a longship were found there. A simple bronze brooch was found at a nearby site. By the late 11th century the Isles were controlled by

576-512: A Faculty of Law in 1707, a Faculty of Arts in 1708, and a Faculty of Medicine in 1726. In 1762, Reverend Hugh Blair was appointed by King George III as the first Regius Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres . This formalised literature as a subject and marks the foundation of the English Literature department, making Edinburgh the oldest centre of literary education in Britain. During

720-449: A Pictish design , comprising a hunting scene, with a cross on its obverse. On the coast at the opposite side of the island, are 16 or more quare cairns, lined up neatly into groups; they are each between 3.5 and 5 metres (11 and 16 ft) square, most being bordered by a stone kerb, and some having upright cornerstones. This form of cairn is usually associated with the Pictish kingdoms of

864-454: A Sub-Principal at King's College, Aberdeen . He was not wealthy and had 12 children but was well-connected. The Scottish geologist and writer Hugh Miller visited the island in the 1840s and wrote a long and detailed account of his explorations in his book The Cruise of the Betsey published in 1858. Miller was a self-taught geologist and the book contains detailed observations of the geology of

1008-718: A government visitation in 1690. The university was subsequently led by Principal Gilbert Rule , one of the inquisitors on the visitation committee. "You are now in a place where the best courses upon earth are within your reach... Such an opportunity you will never again have. I would therefore strongly press on you to fix no other limit to your stay in Edinborough than your having got thro this whole course. The omission of any one part of it will be an affliction & loss to you as long as you live." Thomas Jefferson , writing to his son-in-law Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. in 1786. The late 17th and early 18th centuries were marked by

1152-706: A leading intellectual centre during the Scottish Enlightenment and contributed to the city being nicknamed the " Athens of the North ". The three main global university rankings ( ARWU , THE , and QS ) place the University of Edinburgh within their respective top 40. It is a member of several associations of research-intensive universities, including the Coimbra Group , League of European Research Universities , Russell Group , Una Europa , and Universitas 21 . In

1296-660: A partnership with the Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine and the ECRC to create the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (renamed the Institute of Genetics and Cancer in 2021) on the same site. In April 2008, the Roslin Institute – an animal sciences research centre known for cloning Dolly the sheep – became part of the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. In 2011,

1440-546: A possession of Clan MacRory founded by Somerled's grandson Ruaidhrí mac Raghnaill . At this point the islands was nominally subject to Norway but in 1266, the Treaty of Perth transferred the territories of the Kingdom of the Isles to Alexander III of Scotland and Dubhghall mac Ruaidhrí , Lord of Garmoran, found that he had a new overlord. He, and others who had supported the Norse, had

1584-399: A power struggle between the university and town council, which had ultimate authority over staff appointments, curricula, and examinations. After a series of challenges by the university, the conflict culminated in the council seizing the college records in 1704. Relations were only gradually repaired over the next 150 years and suffered repeated setbacks. The university expanded by founding

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1728-406: A ritual in 1703 that suggests that visiting priests were at pains to integrate traditional beliefs into their formal doctrines. "There is a well, called St. Katherine’s Well; the natives have it in great esteem, and believe it to be a catholicon for diseases. They told me that it had been such ever since it was consecrated by one Father Hugh, a Popish priest, in the following manner: he obliged all

1872-586: A series of corridors. The Easter Bush campus, located seven miles south of the city, houses the Jeanne Marchig International Centre for Animal Welfare Education, Roslin Institute , Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, and Veterinary Oncology and Imaging Centre. The Roslin Institute is an animal sciences research institute which is sponsored by BBSRC . The Institute won international fame in 1996, when its researchers Sir Ian Wilmut , Keith Campbell and their colleagues created Dolly

2016-467: A single regent; and the lack of land endowments as its source of income, which meant its faculty operated in a more competitive environment. Between 1750 and 1800, this system produced and attracted key Enlightenment figures such as chemist Joseph Black , economist Adam Smith , historian William Robertson , philosophers David Hume and Dugald Stewart , physician William Cullen , and early sociologist Adam Ferguson , many of which taught concurrently. By

2160-540: A university court and a general council, and redefined the roles of key officials like the chancellor, rector, and principal. The Edinburgh Seven were the first group of matriculated undergraduate female students at any British university. Led by Sophia Jex-Blake , they began studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1869. Although the university blocked them from graduating and qualifying as doctors, their campaign gained national attention and won them many supporters, including Charles Darwin . Their efforts put

2304-450: A valley eroded into the older lavas during the Eocene epoch. It displays columnar jointing formed as the lava cooled. In the north of the island are a series of sedimentary rocks of Middle Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous age. The oldest of these, and hence lowest from a stratigraphic perspective is the fossiliferous Bearreraig Sandstone which is calcareous in nature. It is overlain by

2448-565: Is a public research university based in Edinburgh , Scotland . Founded by the town council under the authority of a royal charter from King James VI in 1582 and officially opened in 1583, it is one of Scotland's four ancient universities and the sixth-oldest university in continuous operation in the English-speaking world . The university played a crucial role in Edinburgh becoming

2592-457: Is cleaved by a central valley, stretching from the vicinity of Laig, in the north, to Galmisdale at its southeastern end, which forms the main port. Beyond the southeast coast lies the small islet of Eilean Chathastail . Adomnán calls the island Egea insula in his Vita Columbae (c. 700 AD). Other historical names have been Ega , and Ego . The Gaelic Eige means "notch" probably with reference to "the marked depresssion that runs across

2736-676: Is located nearby, as is Edinburgh College of Art in Lauriston . North of George Square lies the university's Old College housing Edinburgh Law School , New College on The Mound housing the School of Divinity, and St Cecilia's Hall . Some of these buildings are used to host events during the Edinburgh International Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe every summer. Pollock Halls, adjoining Holyrood Park to

2880-557: Is now preserved in the Nova Scotia Archives . Allan MacDonald collected numerous Catholic hymns and works of oral poetry by Donald MacLeod, a seanchaidh from Eigg resident in Oban . MacDonald supplemented these with several of his own compositions and translations and anonymously published a Gaelic hymnal in 1893. Donald MacQuarrie was a resident of Grulin who became a pupil of piper Raghnall Mac Ailein Òig of Morar during

3024-591: Is overlain by the bivalve -rich limestone and shale of the Duntulm Formation and lastly the dark shales and ostracod -bearing limestones of the Kilmaluag Formation . A fossilised limb bone, considered most likely to be from a Middle Jurassic stegosaurian dinosaur, was discovered at a coastal exposed Valtos Sandstone Formation in 2020; it is the first confirmed dinosaur fossil to be found in Scotland away from

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3168-520: Is still read aloud at the Eigg War Memorial every November 11th. Allan, 9th chief of Clanranald, commenced the rebuilding of the Kildonnan Chapel on the site of Donnan's 7th century monastery in honour of his father, John Moidartach's, vow to build seven new churches on his lands. However it was likely never completed as it was found as an unroofed ruin by Fr. Cornelius Ward in 1625. Ward,

3312-535: Is the eighth-largest university in the UK by enrolment and receives over 69,000 undergraduate applications per year, making it the third-most popular university in the UK by application volume. In 2021, Edinburgh had the seventh-highest average UCAS points among British universities for new entrants. The university maintains strong links to the royal family , with Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , serving as its chancellor from 1953 to 2010, and Anne, Princess Royal , holding

3456-597: Is the second-largest of the Small Isles after Rùm . The highest eminence on Eigg is The Sgùrr, which is formed from the Sgurr of Eigg Pitchstone Formation , which erupted into a valley of older lavas during the Eocene epoch. There are numerous archaological sites dating from the prehistoric period of human occupation with the earliest written references relating to the Irish monk Donnán who arrived on Eigg around 600 AD. Commencing in

3600-478: Is the university's governing body and the legal person of the university, chaired by the rector and consisting of the principal, Lord Provost of Edinburgh , and of Assessors appointed by the rector, chancellor, Edinburgh Town Council , General Council, and Senatus Academicus . By the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889, it is a body corporate, with perpetual succession and a common seal. All property belonging to

3744-642: The Battle of the Shirts . The victory of John Moidartach (and Clan Cameron) in the battle, against the Earl of Huntly and Ranald Gallda , lead to the Earl of Huntly leaving the Rough Bounds alone, and only trying to enforce royal authority in peripheral areas. Nevertheless, when Mary of Guise became regent (for her daughter Mary ), in 1554, she ordered an attack on the Rough Bounds. The Campbells attacked Castle Tioram from

3888-594: The Crovan dynasty but the dictatorial style of Guðrøðr Óláfsson (aka Godred the Black) appears to have made him very unpopular with the Islesmen, and the ensuing conflicts were the beginning of the end for Mann and the Isles as a coherent territory under the rule of a single magnate. The powerful barons of the isles began plotting with an emerging and forceful figure – Somerled , Lord of Argyll . Godred engaged Somerled's forces in

4032-848: The Edinburgh Cowgate fire destroyed a number of university buildings, including some 3,000 m (32,000 sq ft) of the School of Informatics at 80 South Bridge . This was replaced with the Informatics Forum on Bristo Square , completed in July 2008. Also in 2002, the Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre (ECRC) was opened on the Western General Hospital site. In 2007, the MRC Human Genetics Unit formed

4176-511: The Furnace from torture, disease, or starvation, the remaining 16 were eventually transported to the Colony of Barbados and the Colony of Jamaica , to work as slave laborers on sugar cane plantations . The 18th century introduction of the potato to Eigg lead to increased yields compared to cereal growing and by the end of the century the population had expanded to about 500 The outbreak of

4320-536: The Highland Clearances , Ranald George Macdonald , 19th Chief of Clanranald issued orders to evict the whole village of Cleadale, and use the land for sheep ; both to cover his debts and to continue funding his extremely extravagant spending. Raonuill Dubh's son Aonghas Lathair MacDhòmhnaill took over the tack of Eigg and gained local infamy by beginning evictions from Cleadale . When severe hardships fell upon Aonghas Lathair and his family, which resulted in

4464-579: The Isle of Skye . The Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) age Strathaird Limestone Formation is the youngest part of the Mesozoic sequence preserved beneath the unconformity at the base of the Eigg lavas and its found in a strip along the coast just west of the bay of Laig. Both the igneous and the sedimentary rocks are cut through by a swarm of Palaeocene age dykes generally aligned NW-SE. A handful of faults are mapped on

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4608-638: The Joseph Black Building), housing the Department of Chemistry . The campus was named King's Buildings in honour of George V. New College on The Mound was originally opened in 1846 as a Free Church of Scotland college, later of the United Free Church of Scotland . Since the 1930s it has been the home of the School of Divinity. Prior to the 1929 reunion of the Church of Scotland , candidates for

4752-558: The Lealt Shale which consists of a lower and an upper grey shale (respectively the Kildonnan and Lonfearn members) separated by a thin band of algal limestone . The shale is overlain by the thicker Valtos Sandstone which contains concretions . It is found along the east coast northwards from Poll nam Parlan and around the northern end and down the eastern side of the Bay of Laig. This in turn

4896-712: The Little France area of Edinburgh. The new campus was named the BioQuarter . The Chancellor's Building was opened on 12 August 2002 by Prince Philip , housing the new Edinburgh Medical School alongside the new Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. In 2007, the campus saw the addition of the Euan MacDonald Centre as a research centre for motor neuron diseases , which was part-funded by Scottish entrepreneur Euan MacDonald and his father Donald. In August 2010, author J. K. Rowling provided £10 million in funding to create

5040-499: The Peninsular War created a potential new route to wealth, by limiting foreign supplies of valuable minerals. Kelp could be harvested to produce soda ash and rapidly increased in price. In 1817, the estate factors reduced the size of each tenancy (for example, Cleadale was re-arranged into 28 plots), to stop their tenants from becoming self-sufficient and forcing them to also harvest kelp in order to break even. However, soon after

5184-663: The Royal Navy ship the Dartmouth was anchored there. A brawl broke out and one of the Cameronian soldiers was killed. The captain ordered the Dartmouth to Eigg and pillaged the island. The soldiers also took an island girl on board and returned her the next day with her hair shorn. The men of Eigg also rose and fought in both the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745 . After the failure of

5328-623: The School of Chemistry ), Royal Observatory , Swann Building (the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology), Waddington Building (the Centre for Systems Biology at Edinburgh), William Rankine Building (School of Engineering's Institute for Infrastructure and Environment), and others. Until 2012, the KB campus was served by three libraries: Darwin Library, James Clerk Maxwell Library, and Robertson Engineering and Science Library. These were replaced by

5472-579: The Senatus is to regulate and supervise the teaching and discipline of the university and to promote research. The Senatus elects four Assessors on the University Court. The Senatus meets three times per year, hosting a presentation and discussion session which is open to all members of staff at each meeting. The university's three most significant officials are its chancellor, rector, and principal, whose rights and responsibilities are largely derived from

5616-474: The fiscal year ending 31 July 2023, the university had a total income of £1.341 billion, with £339.5 million from research grants and contracts. It has the third-largest endowment in the UK, behind only Cambridge and Oxford . The university occupies five main campuses in the city of Edinburgh, which include many buildings of historical and architectural significance, such as those in the Old Town . Edinburgh

5760-495: The rebellion of Donald Dubh against James IV . In 1505, after the rebellion was defeated, he was "now in high favour at Court". In 1520, Ranald Bane's son Dougall, the 6th chief of Clanranald, was assassinated by his own clansmen in part for his lack of opposition to the crown. Leadership of Clanranald then passed not to his sons but to the Moidart branch of the clan. In 1534 John Moidartach, 8th of Clanranald, managed to obtain from

5904-409: The "singing sands" on account of the squeaking noise it makes if walked on when dry. The first written description of this effect was penned by Hugh Miller in the 19th century: I struck it obliquely with my foot, where the surface lay dry... [which] elicited a shrill sonorous note... I walked over it, striking it obliquely with each step and with every blow the shrill note was repeated. The plateau

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6048-504: The 18th century, the university developed a particular forte in teaching anatomy and the developing science of surgery , and it was considered one of the best medical schools in the English-speaking world. Bodies to be used for dissection were brought to the university's Anatomy Theatre through a secret tunnel from a nearby house (today's College Wynd student accommodation), which was also used by murderers Burke and Hare to deliver

6192-495: The 18th century, the university was at the centre of the Scottish Enlightenment . The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment fell on especially fertile ground in Edinburgh because of the university's democratic and secular origin; its organization as a single entity instead of loosely connected colleges, which encouraged academic exchange; its adoption of the more flexible Dutch model of professorship, rather than having student cohorts taught by

6336-460: The 19th century, Old College was becoming overcrowded. After a bequest from Sir David Baxter , the university started planning new buildings in earnest. Sir Robert Rowand Anderson won the public architectural competition and was commissioned to design new premises for the Medical School in 1877. Initially, the design incorporated a campanile and a hall for examination and graduation, but this

6480-675: The 2020s was the conversion of some of the historic Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh buildings in Lauriston Place, which had been vacated in 2003 and partially developed into the Quartermile . The £120 million project created a home for the Edinburgh Futures Institute (EFI), an interdisciplinary hub linking arts, humanities, and social sciences with other disciplines in the research and teaching of complex, multi-stakeholder societal challenges. The EFI officially opened its doors to

6624-527: The 79th regiment to be called from Edinburgh Castle to quell the disturbance. This was later immortalised in a 92-page humorous account written by the students entitled The University Snowdrop and then later, in 1853, in a landscape by English artist, Samuel Bough . After 275 years of governance by the town council, the Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 gave the university full authority over its own affairs. The act established governing bodies including

6768-675: The Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, which was officially opened in October 2013. The Centre for Regenerative Medicine (CRM) is a stem cell research centre dedicated to the development of regenerative treatments, which was opened in 2012. CRM is also home to applied scientists working with the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service (SNBTS) and Roslin Cells. In December 2002,

6912-446: The Centre for Field Archaeology (CFA), University of Edinburgh , and Headland Archaeology  Ltd which found a Bronze Age kerb cairn , turf buildings and shieling huts. The shielings were repeatedly reused through the medieval and post-medieval periods but themselves were on top of Bronze Age remains. Analysis of peat cores revealed a history of continuous but gradual decline in woodland, starting in about 3200 BC and continuing to

7056-664: The College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences and the School of Informatics . The highest concentration of university buildings is around George Square , which includes 40 George Square (formerly David Hume Tower), Appleton Tower , Main Library , and Gordon Aikman Lecture Theatre , the area's largest lecture hall. Around nearby Bristo Square lie the Dugald Stewart Building , Informatics Forum , McEwan Hall , Potterrow Student Centre , Teviot Row House , and old Medical School , which still houses pre-clinical medical courses and biomedical sciences. The Pleasance , one of Edinburgh University Students' Association 's main buildings,

7200-447: The Earl of Huntly . The MacKenzies now sought to complain about MacDonell behaviour in court, but the MacDonell leadership wouldn't turn up, so in 1602, the MacKenzies attacked Morar, leading to the Battle of Morar . Following this, peace agreements reduced the conflict between local clans, and attentions turned to national matters. In this period, the term Garmoran appears to have dropped out of use. The Earls of Huntly had been granted

7344-444: The Lord of the Isles. In turn, John passed it to his own half-brother, Hugh of Sleat ; the grant to Hugh was confirmed by the king in a 1493 charter. Clan Ranald disputed and fought against the charter. Following Hugh of Sleat's death, in 1498, and for reasons that are not remotely clear, his son John of Sleat immediately resigned, transferring all authority to the king. By this point, John of Ross's conspiratorial ambition had caused

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7488-509: The Lordship of the Isles to be forfeited, but in 1501, his heir, Black Donald , launched an insurrection seeking to restore it. Ranald Bane , leader of Clan Ranald, was one of the few MacDonald-descended clan leaders to refuse to support Donald, so in 1505 (shortly before Donald was defeated) Ranald Bane was given the Lairdship of Arisaig and Eigg , as a reward. In 1520, the excessive cruelty (not described in detail by surviving records) of Ranald Bane's son, Dougall, led to his assassination, and

7632-401: The MacDonnells of Glengarry were an early cadet branch of Clan Ranald. At a similar time, the king asserts his right to transfer ownership of Knoydart, on the basis that feudal obligations hadn't been upheld for the previous 70 years; quite why he should argue this if the land had been in royal hands since 1498 is still unclear. His 1537 charter transfers lairdship of Knoydart to Ewen Cameron ,

7776-452: The National Robotarium. The deal also included creation of the Edinburgh International Data Facility, which performs high-speed data processing in a secure environment. In September 2020, the university completed work on the Richard Verney Health Centre at its central area campus on Bristo Square. The facility houses a health centre and pharmacy, and the university's disability and counselling services. The university's largest expansion in

7920-425: The Noreen and Kenneth Murray Library opened for the academic year 2012/13. The campus also hosts the National e-Science Centre (NeSC), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Scottish Institute for Enterprise (SIE), Scottish Microelectronics Centre (SMC), and Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC). The BioQuarter campus, based in the Little France area, is home to the majority of medical facilities of

8064-418: The Polish School of Medicine is located in the Quadrangle of the old Medical School in Teviot Place. On 10 May 1951, the Royal (Dick) Veterinary College , founded in 1823 by William Dick , was reconstituted as the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and officially became part of the university. It achieved full faculty status as Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in 1964. In 1955 the university opened

8208-406: The Rough Bounds and Lorn ; no reliable record explains how this happened, but by the 1140s, David I of Scotland 's control of the region had been eroded. In the middle of the century, Somerled launched a coup in the Kingdom of the Isles, which resulted in that kingdom joining his other possessions, as a single independent state. Upon Somerled's death, Norwegian authority was restored/established over

8352-408: The Science and Medicine buildings had suffered from a lack of repairs or upgrades, which was exacerbated by an influx of students after the end of the war. In 1919, the university bought the land of West Mains Farm in the south of the city for the development of a new satellite campus specialising in the sciences. On 6 July 1920, King George V laid the foundation of the first new building (now called

8496-409: The Small Isles perpetuated by Lachlan MacLean of Duart and 100 Spanish soldiers from the crew of an Armada vessel that sank off Tobermory . The idea that two such massacres occurred on Eigg within eleven years has thus been questioned. Clan Ranald took part in the Jacobite rising of 1689 against William II . The following year a boat had gone from Eigg to Armadale on Skye and found that

8640-440: The UK and Scottish governments, six local authorities and all universities and colleges in the region. The university committed to delivering a range of economic benefits to the region through the Data-Driven Innovation initiative. In conjunction with Heriot-Watt University , the deal created five innovation hubs: the Bayes Centre, Edinburgh Futures Institute, Usher Institute, Easter Bush, and one further hub based at Heriot-Watt,

8784-405: The Uists to Ranald's younger brother Godfrey , and made Ranald Lord of the remainder of Garmoran, including Eigg. Upon the death of John of Islay his son Donald , Ranald's half-brother, was named Lord of the Isles at Kildonan on Eigg in 1387. Ranald, who became the founder of Clan Macdonald of Clanranald , appeared content with this decision by his father as suggested in the Charter of 1373,

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8928-511: The Universities (Scotland) Act 1858. The office of chancellor serves as the titular head and highest office of the university. Their duties include conferring degrees and enhancing the profile and reputation of the university on national and global levels. The chancellor is elected by the university's General Council , and a person generally remains in the office for life. Previous chancellors include former prime minister Arthur Balfour and novelist Sir J. M. Barrie . Princess Anne has held

9072-472: The adjacent Lordship of Lochaber , in 1500, and Garmoran gradually acquired a perception of being association with it. Yet though a 1669 map names the Rough Bounds as Loquaber , it is clearly marked as outside the borders of Lochaber . The lands formerly of Garmoran remained distinct from Moray and Lochaber even into the 18th century. In Moll 's pre-1732 map, the area is clearly distinguished from these neighbouring provinces, but has no name itself, other than

9216-499: The area passing into other hands. The Rough Bounds remained difficult to access well into the 20th century; indeed Moidart only received a road connection (the A861 ) in 1966, and had to be accessed by foot or by ferry. This remoteness made it ideal for practice sites for covert operations in Occupied Europe , during World War II . The Special Operations Executive (SOE) established their Scottish headquarters just outside Arisaig, and constructed paramilitary training bases throughout

9360-416: The area's historic houses and erecting modern buildings such as 40 George Square , Appleton Tower and the Main Library . On 1 August 1998, the Moray House Institute of Education , founded in 1848, merged with the University of Edinburgh, becoming its Faculty of Education. Following the internal restructuring of the university in 2002, Moray House became known as the Moray House School of Education . It

9504-420: The areas Somerled had ruled, but in practice the kingdom was divided; the portion containing the Rough Bounds, Uist , and the islands in-between ( Eigg and Rhum ), became Garmoran , and was ruled by the MacRory , a faction among Somerled's heirs. Following the 1266 Treaty of Perth , Garmoran became a Scottish crown dependency - the Lordship of Garmoran . At the turn of the century, William I had created

9648-422: The cave entrance, and set fire to it. Water from a waterfall nearby dampened the flames, so that the cave was filled with smoke, asphyxiating the 395 people inside. Human remains inside the cave have been reported many times over the centuries. Most of the remains were removed from the cave and reburied by 1854 although occasionally further sets of human bones are exposed. However, serious doubts remain about

9792-426: The city. Most of the Science and Engineering College's research and teaching activities take place at the campus, which occupies a 35-hectare site. It includes the Alexander Graham Bell Building (for mobile phones and digital communications systems), James Clerk Maxwell Building (the administrative and teaching centre of the School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Mathematics), Joseph Black Building (home to

9936-453: The company of some soldiers with the intention of arresting Ward but the islanders threatened him sufficiently forcefully to secure his withdrawal. The Clanranald bailie later persuaded him to turn a blind eye, in return for the island's tithes . The friar was unable to reconsecrate the Chapel and it came to only be used for burials. One grave had a carved cover popularly re-interpreted as a medieval sheela na gig . Martin Martin recorded

10080-409: The corpses of their victims during the 1820s. The Edinburgh snowball riots of 1838 also known as the ' Wars of the Quadrangle ' occurred when University of Edinburgh students engaged in what started as a snowball fight in "a spirit of harmless amusement" before becoming a two-day 'battle' at Old College with local Edinburgh residents on South Bridge which led to the Lord Provost calling from

10224-502: The creation of these smaller tenancies ( crofts ), foreign mineral supplies were re-introduced, as the Napoleonic Wars had ended. The kelp price crashed and the crofters struggled to avoid destitution. Some families voluntarily emigrated to Antigonish County , Nova Scotia to escape both rising rents and crushing poverty. They settled on a high plateau near the coast of the Northumberland Strait , which they named Eigg Mountain . Meanwhile, like many other Anglo-Scottish landlords during

10368-660: The description the territory west from Lochaber . This nameless distinction had already been established in Blaeu 's 1654 map, where the lands are simply those that lay west from Lochaber . In 1609, the Statutes of Iona attempted to enforce the Scottish reformation in the highlands, but the Rough Bounds remained resolutely Roman Catholic , and sided with the Royalists during the Civil War . In

10512-502: The doorway. There are comparable structures in Shetland such as at Scord of Brouster , which suggests a neolithic date. Evidence for the island having been occupied in the Bronze Age includes two axes and a cache of flints , one of them being thumbnail scraper found near Galmisdale, together with significant metalworking debris. A barbed-and-tanged flint arrowhead of uncertain date

10656-585: The early 9th century Norse settlers established the Kingdom of the Isles throughout the Hebrides. The 1266 Treaty of Perth transferred the territories of the Kingdom of the Isles to King Alexander III of Scotland . From the late 14th century the island became a possession of Clanranald during which time a notorious massacre took place during a period of clan warfare. After more than four centuries in Clanranald's hands

10800-418: The east, is the university's largest residence hall for undergraduate students in their first year. The complex houses over 2,000 students during term time and consists of ten named buildings with communal green spaces between them. The two original buildings, St Leonard's Hall and Salisbury Green , were built in the 19th century, while the majority of Pollock Halls dates from the 1960s and early 2000s. Two of

10944-501: The evictions and threw herself into the sea off the cliffs. Three more villages were similarly cleared shortly thereafter. The MacPhersons sold Eigg to Robert Thompson, a wealthy shipbuilder, in 1893. He died in 1913 and is buried on Eilean Chathastail. After being sold by Thompson's family in 1917, the island passed through various hands, including the cabinet minister, Walter Runciman , until being purchased by Keith Schellenberg in 1975. Unlike his predecessors, who had sought to use

11088-470: The exclusion of Ranald Bane's descendants from leadership of Clan Ranald. Instead, Ranald Bane's brother, Alexander, took over the leadership. In 1532, the king provided a charter confirming Alexander's son, John Moidartach , as Laird of Arisaig (and Eigg), and making him Laird of Moidart as well. In 1539, however, the king granted Morar to the MacDonells of Glengarry , rather than to the leaders of Clan Ranald;

11232-545: The first department of nursing in Europe for academic study. This department was inspired by the work of Gladys Beaumont Carter and a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation . By the end of the 1950s, there were around 7,000 students matriculating annually, more than doubling the numbers from the turn of the century. The university addressed this partially through the redevelopment of George Square , demolishing much of

11376-437: The first millennium AD. The site may thus have some connection with the contemporary monastery at Kildonnan. Commencing in the early 9th century Norse settlers established the Kingdom of the Isles throughout the Hebrides. A silver/bronze sword handle from the beginning of this period was found in 1830, buried in a field named Dail Sithean near Kildonnan, together with an iron axehead, leather belt, buckle, wollen cloth, and

11520-651: The following century, the area became a hotbed of Jacobite sympathy, and even resorted to burning down Tioram Castle, in order to prevent it falling into anti-Jacobite hands. Following the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1745 , it was the last part of Scotland in which Bonnie Prince Charlie found sanctuary, and the one from which he left for exile in France, on 20 September 1746. A succession of flamboyant but unsuccessful chiefs (including especially Alexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry [1771–1828] and Ranald George Macdonald of Clanranald [1788–1873]) resulted ultimately in

11664-399: The former principal of the university Sir Timothy O'Shea and was opened by Princess Anne in 2017, providing a living and social environment for postgraduate students. The Outreach Centre, Institute for Academic Development (University Services Group), and Edinburgh Centre for Professional Legal Studies are also located at Holyrood. The King's Buildings campus is located in the south of

11808-403: The inhabitants to come to this well, and then employed them to bring together a great heap of stones at the head of the spring, by way of penance. This being done, he said mass at the well, and then consecrated it; he gave each of the inhabitants a piece of wax candle, which they lighted, and all of them made the dessil, of going round the well sunways, the priest leading them: and from that time it

11952-541: The island in an online article, estimating the average number of annual visitors at 10,000. The larger part of the island is formed from olivine -phyric basalt flows erupted during the Palaeocene epoch . Together with flows of hawaiite and mugearite , these form the Eigg Lava Formation . The Sgùrr is formed from the Sgurr of Eigg Pitchstone Formation , a porphyritic rhyolitic pitchstone that erupted into

12096-451: The island settlement names are of Norse origin. Cleadale ( Clèadail ) may mean "valley of the ridged slope". The first element of Galmisdale is possibly a personal name. Laig may derive from "muddy bay". Grulin is of Gaelic origin, Scottish Gaelic : Grùlainn meaning "stony land". At Rubh' An Tangaird, near Glamisdale on the southern coast, there are the remains of an oval house, with thick walls, and an upright stone at each side of

12240-630: The island was sold during the 19th century and the new laird evicted many of his tenants en masse and replaced them with herds of sheep. There were then a series of owners until the island was purchased by the Isle of Eigg Heritage Trust in 1997. The trust is a form of community ownership and another stakeholder, the Scottish Wildlife Trust, manages the island as a nature reserve. Eigg now generates virtually all of its electricity using renewable energy. In April 2019, National Geographic discussed

12384-466: The island, including An Sgùrr and the singing sands. The financial woes of the islanders were compounded by the Highland Potato Famine . Furthermore, Dr. MacPherson decided to evict his tenants en masse and replace them with herds of sheep. In 1853, the whole village of Gruilin was cleared and all but three families emigrated to Nova Scotia. One women who was left behind never recovered from

12528-495: The islanders, all but one of whom decided to hide in the cave. The traditions go on to say that the MacLeods conducted a thorough but fruitless search for the inhabitants. The found only an old lady at the singing sands who they spared and left the island after 3 days. Just as they were leaving they saw a scout outside the cave and were able to follow their footprints in the snow to the entrance. The MacLeods piled thatch and heather at

12672-611: The islet and massacred most of the MacLeods, sparing only a few leaders whose legs and arms were broken and who were then cast adrift in the Minch . They were however either rescued by MacLeods from elsewhere or perhasp drifted back to Dunvegan . In the MacDonald version of the story the girls were raped and the Macleods were asked to leave. Looking for revenge, a large group of MacLeods led by Alasdair Crotach landed on Eigg, but had been spotted by

12816-510: The king a charter confirming his position as laird of Eigg and Morar . Writing in 1549, Donald Munro , High Dean of the Isles wrote of "Egge" that it was: "gude mayne land with ane paroch kirk in it, with mony solenne geis; very gude for store, namelie for scheip, with ane heavin for heiland Galayis". Uamh Fhraing , also known as the Cave of Francis or the Ribbed Cave, lies on a raised beach on

12960-462: The latter of which is located on an island. The Irish missionary activity which caused Columba to found a monastery on Iona also brought the Irish monk Donnán to Eigg around 600 AD, where he established a monastery, at Kildonnan . Columba had warned him of the dangers of settling in Pictish territory and Donnan was murdered on Eigg along with 52 of his monks in 617. By the following century,

13104-505: The latter two groups lead, in 1427, to king James I executing the leader of the Siol Gorrie, and declaring the Lordship of Garmoran forfeit. This, and the violence, brought the Siol Gorrie to the brink of extinction and they played no further part in regional history. In 1469, James' grandson ( James III ) granted Lairdship of the lands of mainland Garmoran and North Uist to John of Ross ,

13248-555: The latter's visits to Eigg in the late 17th century. He developed quickly and received further support from the MacCrimmon piping family on Skye, becoming known as am Piobair Mór - "the great piper". War poet and Seanchaidh Hugh MacKinnon (1894-1972), a veteran of the First World War , composed a Gaelic lament for the fallen soldiers of the island, Ò, tha mi 'n-duigh trom fo lionn-dubh , ("I am today sad and mournful"), which

13392-745: The leader of Clan Cameron . 73 years later, in 1611, Allan Cameron , their new leader, transferred it to the Macdonells of Glengarry, consolidating the north-south split of Garmoran between the Clan Ranald and the MacDonells of Glengarry. In 1613, the MacDonnels received official confirmation of ownership from the king. In 1509, Alexander , the Earl of Huntly , was made sheriff of Inverness, giving him authority in Garmoran;

13536-493: The middle of the island". A 2013 study also suggested a possible Norse origin. Eigg was also known as Eilean nam Ban Móra - "the island of the great women". (Local tradition claims that the dun at Loch nam Ban Mora (see below) was once inhabited by unusually large women. ) Martin Martin reported in 1703 that "the natives dare not call this isle by its ordinary name of Egg when they are at sea, but island Nim-Ban-More." Some of

13680-629: The ministry in the United Free Church studied at New College, whilst candidates for the Church of Scotland studied in the university's Faculty of Divinity. In 1935 the two institutions merged, with all operations moved to the New College site in Old Town. This freed up Old College for Edinburgh Law School . The Polish School of Medicine was established in 1941 as a wartime academic initiative. While it

13824-463: The misgivings of many of the noblemen of the Isles notwithstanding. However, when Ranald died in 1386 at Castle Tioram , Godfrey seized his lands, leading to violent disputes between his heirs (the Siol Gorrie) and those of Ranald (Clanranald). In 1427 James I arrested the leaders and declared the Lordship of Garmoran forfeit. Ranald Bane MacAllan , leader of Clanranald, refused to support

13968-451: The monastery was significant enough for the death of its superior , Oan, to be mentioned in the Annals of Ulster . The monastery, which was excavated in 2012, was located within an oval enclosure, surrounded by a ditch, housing a rectangular chapel in the centre, and with a handful of smaller buildings either side. A handful of early inscribed stone slabs were located there, of which one bears

14112-526: The naval Battle of Epiphany in 1156. There was no clear victor, but it was subsequently agreed that Godred would remain the ruler of Man, the northern Inner Hebrides and the Outer Hebrides, whilst Somerled's young sons would nominally control the southern Inner Hebrides, Kintyre and the islands of the Clyde under their father's supervision. By the mid 13th century the Small Isles were in Lordship of Garmoran ,

14256-606: The older houses in Pollock Halls were demolished in 2002, and a new building, Chancellor's Court, was built in their place and opened in 2003. Self-catered flats elsewhere account for the majority of university-provided accommodation. The area also includes the John McIntyre Conference Centre opened in 2009, which is the university's premier conference space. The Holyrood campus, just off the Royal Mile , used to be

14400-508: The opportunity to emigrate under the terms of the treaty and Dubhghall died in 1268, possibly in exile. By 1337 the sole MacRory heir was Amy of Garmoran , who in that year married John of Islay, Lord of the Isles , leader of the MacDonalds , the most powerful group among Somerled's heirs. Circa 1350 they divorced and John deprived his eldest son, Ranald , of the ability to inherit the MacDonald lands. As compensation, John granted Lordship of

14544-597: The other ancient universities of Scotland , and in contrast to nearly all other pre-1992 universities which are established by royal charters , the University of Edinburgh is constituted by the Universities (Scotland) Acts 1858 to 1966 . These acts provide for three major bodies in the governance of the university: the University Court , the General Council , and the Senatus Academicus . The University Court

14688-459: The outcrop of the Mesozoic sediments. Eigg measures 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) by 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and is 21 kilometres (13 mi) by sea from the nearest port of Mallaig . The centre of the island is a moorland plateau , rising to 393 m (1,289 ft) at An Sgùrr, a dramatic stump of pitchstone which is the "most memorable landmark in the Hebridean seas". Walkers who reach

14832-407: The poetry anthology called The Eigg Collection in Edinburgh in 1776. He is believed to have drawn heavily upon oral poetry collected by his father and also upon a similar poetry collection made by Dr. Hector Maclean of Grulin. The latter manuscript contains an additional 104 pages of material, including fourteen of Tiree -born Canadian Gaelic bard Iain mac Ailein 's poems in his own hand, and

14976-659: The position of Sheriff of Inverness , to be responsible for the Scottish highlands, which theoretically now extended to Garmoran. Most of the remainder of the Kingdom of the Isles had become the Lordship of the Isles , ruled by the MacDonalds (another group of Somerled's descendants). The Lordship of Garmoran remained under the rule of the MacRory, and their descendants - the Siol Gorrie and Clan Ranald . However, violent disputes between

15120-717: The position since March 2011 succeeding Prince Philip . She is also Patron of the university's Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. Eigg Eigg ( / ɛ ɡ / eg ; Scottish Gaelic : Eige ) is one of the Small Isles in the Scottish Inner Hebrides . It lies to the south of the island of Skye and to the north of the Ardnamurchan peninsula. Eigg is 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) long from north to south, and 5 km (3 mi) east to west. With an area of just over 3,000 ha (11.6 sq mi) it

15264-538: The position since March 2011. Notable alumni of the University of Edinburgh include inventor Alexander Graham Bell , naturalist Charles Darwin , philosopher David Hume , physicist James Clerk Maxwell , and writers such as Sir J. M. Barrie , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , Sir Walter Scott , and Robert Louis Stevenson . The university has produced several heads of state and government, including three British prime ministers . Additionally, three UK Supreme Court justices were educated at Edinburgh. As of October 2024,

15408-416: The position was hereditary. In 1540, John Moidartach was imprisoned by James V , attempted to give leadership of Clan Ranald to Ranald Gallda , uncle of John Moidartach . When the latter was released, in 1542, Ranald Gallda fled, leading to skirmishes between Clan Ranald (led by John Moidartach ) and supporters of Ranald Gallda , which only ceased when the Earl of Huntly intervened. In turn, this led to

15552-483: The present day. Following raids by Vikings , the Rough Bounds became part of the Kingdom of the Isles , a Norwegian dependency. In the late 11th century, however, Malcolm III of Scotland made a written agreement with Magnus Barelegs , the Norwegian king, which moved the border to the coast; the area thus became Scottish. In the early 12th century, Somerled , a Norse-Gael of uncertain origin, came into possession of

15696-518: The public on 4 June 2024. Edinburgh has several historical links to other universities, chiefly through its influential Medical School and its graduates, who established and developed institutions elsewhere in the world. The university has five main sites in Edinburgh: The university is responsible for several significant historic and modern buildings across the city, including St Cecilia's Hall , Scotland's oldest purpose-built concert hall and

15840-536: The rebellion a navy vessel arrived on the island seeking one of the Clanranald officers, John MacDonald of Kinlochmoidart. After his discovery on the island all 38 surviving islanders who had served in the '45 were arrested by Captain John Ferguson. They were held on board H.M.S. Furnace and remained there when it became a prison hulk anchored in the River Thames off Gravesend, Kent . Although many died aboard

15984-754: The region. In Moidart, HMS Dorlin was established, and used for training of Royal Navy Beach Signals and Royal Signals sections. The remoteness also ensured that the area remained strongly Scottish Gaelic speaking until the mid 20th century. In the 1881 census, with around 90% of the population able to speak Gaelic and over a third unable to speak English. By 2001, the share of Gaelic speakers had declined to under 15% of habitual residents. 57°3.5′N 5°40′W  /  57.0583°N 5.667°W  / 57.0583; -5.667 University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh ( Scots : University o Edinburgh , Scottish Gaelic : Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann ; abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals )

16128-485: The resources of the island for their own power, profit, or leisure, Schellenberg had conservationist motives; he wished to restore its listed buildings, and preserve the natural environment. One of the men from Eigg who joined the Clanranald forces in the Jacobite rising of 1715 was Iain Dubh Mac Iain 'ic Ailein, the tacksman at Grulin. He was a well-known poet whose works include Trod nam Ban Eiggach that satirises

16272-467: The rights of women to higher education on the national political agenda, which eventually resulted in legislation allowing women to study at all Scottish universities in 1889. The university admitted women to graduate in medicine in 1893. In 2015, the Edinburgh Seven were commemorated with a plaque at the university, and in 2019 they were posthumously awarded with medical degrees. Towards the end of

16416-487: The same alignment, the two most significant ones stretching SE from Bay of Laig. A band of micro syenite stretches around the hillside southeast of the Sgùrr. Isolated pockets of peat of postglacial origin are to be found behind Bay of Laig whilst to its north are areas of hummocky moraine . Landslips occupy the whole coastal strip in the northeast of the island and the embayment behind Bay of Laig and effectively mask much of

16560-790: The school moved into a new £60 million building on the Easter Bush campus, which now houses research and teaching facilities, and a hospital for small and farm animals. Edinburgh College of Art , founded in 1760, formally merged with the university's School of Arts, Culture and Environment on 1 August 2011. In 2014, the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJE) was founded as an international joint institute offering degrees in biomedical sciences, taught in English. The campus, located in Haining , Zhejiang Province, China,

16704-460: The sea, but the Earl of Huntly was unwilling to bring troops into the Rough Bounds, and the assault failed. Over the course of the 16th century, following an inheritance dispute over the lands of MacDonalds of Lochalsh , there were several violent encounters between the MacDonells of Glengarry and the MacKenzies . In 1592, the leader of the MacDonells of Glengarry agreed a contract of mutual aid with

16848-469: The second oldest in use in the British Isles ; Teviot Row House, the oldest purpose-built students' union building in the world; and the restored 17th-century Mylne's Court student residence at the head of the Royal Mile . The Central Area is spread around numerous squares and streets in Edinburgh's Southside , with some buildings in Old Town. It is the university's oldest area, occupied primarily by

16992-588: The sharp-tongued women of the island and Bruadar mo Chor na Rioghachd ("A Dream about the State of the Nation"). The latter is a pro-Jacobite Aisling , or dream vision poem, in which he hopes to see Queen Anne ripped apart by deerhounds . After the death of his father Raonuill Dubh MacDhòmhnuill, the eldest son of Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair , moved from Arisaig to become Clanranald tacksman of Laig . While serving as tacksman Raonuill Dubh collected and published

17136-490: The sheep , the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. A year later Polly and Molly were cloned, both sheep contained a human gene. The Western General campus, in proximity to the Western General Hospital , contains the Biomedical Research Facility, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, and Institute of Genetics and Cancer (formerly the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine). In common with

17280-457: The site may have been used for hermitic purposes. Later in the Iron Age, the inhabitants of Eigg chose to fortify the island. Small fortifications restrict access to rocky knolls at Garbh Bealach west of Galmisdale and Poll Duchaill on the northwest coast and on the promontory of Rudha na Crannaig south of Kildonnan. More substantial duns existed at Galmisdale Point, and at Loch nam Ban Mora,

17424-513: The site for Moray House Institute for Education until it merged with the university on 1 August 1998. The university has since extended this campus. The buildings include redeveloped and extended Sports Science, Physical Education and Leisure Management facilities at St Leonard's Land linked to the Sports Institute in the Pleasance . The £80 million O'Shea Hall at Holyrood was named after

17568-423: The south coast of Eigg. The entrance is low and narrow but the interior is about 60 metres (200 ft) long and 6 metres (20 ft) wide. In 1577, according to Clan MacLeod historians, a MacLeod galley was forced ashore by bad weather at Eilean Chathasteil. Led by a foster-son of Alasdair Crotach the 30 men roasted some cattle and "molested" the young girls who were tending them. The local men then arrived on

17712-456: The sum, the town council petitioned King James VI and his Privy Council . The King brokered a monetary compromise and granted a royal charter on 14 April 1582, empowering the town council to create a college of higher education. A college established by secular authorities was unprecedented in newly Presbyterian Scotland, as all previous Scottish universities had been founded through papal bulls . Named Tounis College (Town's College),

17856-401: The tacksman dying by suicide, the old people of Eigg blamed the family's misfortune on the curse that was said to have been put on them by the women whom he had evicted from Cleadale. In 1827 Macdonald found someone willing to purchase Eigg, and cancelled further evictions. After 440 years Clan Ranald rule of Eigg had come to an end. The purchaser and new owner of Eigg was Dr. Hugh MacPherson,

18000-587: The teaching of rhetoric and poetry , alongside more traditional subjects such as philosophy . However, the bequest was delayed by more than 25 years due to the religious revolution that led to the Reformation Parliament of 1560. The plans were revived in the late 1570s through efforts by the Edinburgh Town Council , first minister of Edinburgh James Lawson , and Lord Provost William Little . When Reid's descendants were unwilling to pay out

18144-613: The time the Royal Society of Edinburgh was founded in 1783, the university was regarded as one of the world's preeminent scientific institutions, and Voltaire called Edinburgh a "hotbed of genius" as a result. Benjamin Franklin believed that the university possessed "a set of as truly great men, Professors of the Several Branches of Knowledge, as have ever appeared in any Age or Country". Thomas Jefferson felt that as far as science

18288-507: The top can, in good weather, take in views of Mull , Coll , Muck , the Outer Hebrides , Rùm, Skye, and the mountains of Lochaber on the mainland. The plateau in the northern part of the island, at Beinn Buidhe , drops to a fertile coastal plain on its western side, containing Cleadale , the main settlement on Eigg. At the southern end of the plain, in the centre of the island, lies the bay of Laig, known for its quartz beach , called

18432-568: The university at the passing of the Act was vested in the Court. The present powers of the Court are further defined in the Universities (Scotland) Act 1966, including the administration and management of the university's revenue and property, the regulation of staff salaries, and the establishment and composition of committees of its own members or others. The General Council consists of graduates , academic staff , current and former University Court members. It

18576-453: The university has been affiliated with 20 Nobel Prize laureates, four Pulitzer Prize winners, three Turing Award winners, an Abel Prize laureate, and a Fields Medalist . Edinburgh alumni have also won a total of ten Olympic gold medals . In 1557, Bishop Robert Reid of St Magnus Cathedral on Orkney made a will containing an endowment of 8,000 merks to build a college in Edinburgh. Unusually for his time, Reid's vision included

18720-479: The university opened its doors to students on 14 October 1583, with an attendance of 80–90. At the time, the college mainly covered liberal arts and divinity . Instruction began under the charge of a graduate from the University of St Andrews , theologian Robert Rollock , who first served as Regent, and from 1586 as principal of the college. Initially Rollock was the sole instructor for first-year students, and he

18864-458: The university, alongside the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. The campus houses the Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, Centre for Regenerative Medicine , Chancellor's Building, Euan MacDonald Centre , and Queen's Medical Research Institute, which opened in 2005. The Chancellor's Building has two large lecture theatres and a medical library connected to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh by

19008-413: The university, and to receive an audited financial statement . The Council elects the chancellor of the university and three Assessors on the University Court. The Senatus Academicus is the university's supreme academic body, chaired by the principal and consisting of the professors, heads of departments, and a number of readers , lecturers and other teaching and research staff. The core function of

19152-433: The veracity of the tale. MacPherson wrote of it that "it is curious to find how difficult it is to determine its date or to decide with certainty on whom the odium of this deed should lie." The difficulties include that both Alasdair Crotach and his son Uilleam died long before 1577 and that similar stories are related about both Coll and Ardnamurchan . Furthermore, Privy Council papers from 1588 describe massacres on all

19296-548: Was accounted unlawful to boil any meat with the water of this well." To evade the religious persecution the British government imposed upon the Catholic Church in Scotland and which contributed to the Jacobite risings , the laity secretly and illegally attended mass at a mass stone inside a large high-roofed coastal cave, which can only be accessed during low tide , now known as Cathedral Cave. Later, Catholic worship moved into "the lower floor of an old farmhouse" which remained

19440-597: Was concerned, "no place in the world can pretend to a competition with Edinburgh". In 1785, Henry Dundas introduced the South Bridge Act in the House of Commons ; one of the bill's goals was to use South Bridge as a location for the university, which had existed in a hotchpotch of buildings since its establishment. The site was used to construct Old College , the university's first custom-built building, by architect William Henry Playfair to plans by Robert Adam . During

19584-549: Was established on 15 March 2016. The university began hosting a Wikimedian in Residence in 2016. The residency was made into a full-time position in 2019, with the Wikimedian involved in teaching and learning activities within the scope of the University of Edinburgh WikiProject . In 2018, the University of Edinburgh was a signatory to the £1.3 billion Edinburgh and South East Scotland City Region Deal , in partnership with

19728-456: Was established to ensure that graduates have a continuing voice in the management of the university. The Council is required to meet twice per year to consider matters affecting the wellbeing and prosperity of the university. The Universities (Scotland) Act 1966 gave the Council the power to consider draft ordinances and resolutions, to be presented with an annual report of the work and activities of

19872-420: Was expected to tutor the 1583 intake for all four years of their degree in every subject. The first cohort finished their studies in 1587, and 47 students graduated (or 'laureated') with an M.A. degree. When King James VI visited Scotland in 1617, he held a disputation with the college's professors, after which he decreed that it should henceforth be called the "Colledge [sic] of King James". The university

20016-434: Was found to the south of Kildonnan. Early Iron Age hut circles are found throughout the island. One located near the northeast coast near Sron na h-Iolaire is close to a cave to which walls have been artificially added; several hammerstones are located in the cave and surrounding vicinity, some with concretions of crushed shells stuck to them. The cave site is difficult to reach leading archaeologists to speculate that

20160-662: Was founded in 1884 by student Robert Fitzroy Bell . In 1889, the SRC voted to establish Edinburgh University Union (EUU), to be housed in Teviot Row House on Bristo Square. Edinburgh University Sports Union (EUSU) was founded in 1866, and Edinburgh University Women's Union (renamed the Chambers Street Union in 1964) in October 1905. The SRC, EUU and Chambers Street Union merged to form Edinburgh University Students' Association (EUSA) on 1 July 1973. During World War I ,

20304-591: Was known as both Tounis College and King James' College until it gradually assumed the name of the University of Edinburgh during the 17th century. After the deposition of King James II and VII during the Glorious Revolution in 1688, the Parliament of Scotland passed legislation designed to root out Jacobite sympathisers amongst university staff. In Edinburgh, this led to the dismissal of Principal Alexander Monro and several professors and regents after

20448-424: Was originally intended for students and doctors in the Polish Armed Forces in the West , civilians were also allowed to take the courses, which were taught in Polish and awarded Polish medical degrees. When the school was closed in 1949, 336 students had matriculated, of which 227 students graduated with the equivalent of an MBChB and a total of 19 doctors obtained a doctorate or MD. A bronze plaque commemorating

20592-433: Was renamed the Moray House School of Education and Sport in August 2019. In the 1990s it became apparent that the old Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh buildings in Lauriston Place were no longer adequate for a modern teaching hospital. Donald Dewar , the Scottish Secretary at the time, authorized a joint project between private finance, local authorities, and the university to create a modern hospital and medical campus in

20736-411: Was seen as too ambitious. The new Medical School opened in 1884, but the building was not completed until 1888. After funds were donated by politician and brewer William McEwan in 1894, a separate graduation building was constructed after all, also designed by Anderson. The resulting McEwan Hall on Bristo Square was presented to the university in 1897. The Students' Representative Council (SRC)

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