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45-641: Until 2003, the old Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in Lauriston Place had been a working hospital as part of the National Health Service . In 1998, a joint project between private finance, local authorities, and the university moved the hospital to a modern medical campus in the Little France area. Parts of the vacated Royal Infirmary grounds and the buildings which had housed the medical and gynaecology wards, were sold in 2001, and later developed into

90-553: A Master of Arts ( MA ; Scots : Maister o Arts , Scottish Gaelic : Maighstir nan Ealan ) is the holder of a degree awarded to undergraduates , usually as a first degree. It follows either a three-year general or four-year Honours degree course in humanities or social sciences and is awarded by one of several institutions. Chiefly, these are the ancient universities of Scotland — St Andrews , Glasgow , Aberdeen , and Edinburgh . Other institutions which provide undergraduate programmes leading to an MA degree include

135-620: A "general" degree will complete their third year at a lower level of specialisation, and receive a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree or MA without Honours. For the postgraduate degree referred to in other places as "Master of Arts", Scottish universities usually award the degree of Master of Letters (MLitt) or Master of Science (MSc). Generally, non-ancient universities in Scotland (e.g. University of Strathclyde , The Robert Gordon University , Edinburgh Napier University , etc.), award arts degrees as Bachelor of Arts. At these ancient Scottish universities,

180-442: A BSc, depending on which of the two they register for; while the psychology content is identical for both, the difference lies in the non-psychology constituent courses taken in the first and second years. Those on MA programmes study psychology alongside the lit arts (such as languages) or social sciences, while those on BSc programmes study pure sciences such as biology. The Universities of Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh also offer

225-459: A Royal Charter from George II in 1736 which gave it its name of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and commissioned William Adam to design a new hospital on a site close by to the original building, on what later became Infirmary Street. In 1741 the hospital moved the short distance to the not yet completed building which eventually, on its completion in 1745, had 228 beds compared to 4 beds in

270-697: A consortium comprising Taylor Woodrow, Kilmartin Property Group, and the Bank of Scotland. It has been redeveloped as the Quartermile housing, shopping, leisure and hotel development. Much of the David Bryce infirmary will remain visible, but some infirmary buildings have been demolished. In the build-up to the move to Little France, the Royal Charter awarded by George II in 1736 was rediscovered. A new hospital sited on

315-618: A mostly green field site at Little France in the south-east of the city, was procured under a Private Finance Initiative contract in 1998. The new location reflected the need for the hospital to serve not just people living in Edinburgh, but also Midlothian and East Lothian. The new hospital is physically linked to the Chancellor's Building which is the main teaching facility for the University of Edinburgh's Medical School . The new building which

360-618: A replacement for the former Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Sciennes . In 2020, the hospital saw the Department for Clinical Neurosciences move to the Little France site having previously been based at Western General Hospital ; senior doctors condemned the move in the middle of the COVID-19 crisis as "incomprehensible". The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh has often been described in works of fiction, biography and history, and depicted from both

405-406: Is category B-listed by Historic Scotland . Significant changes came with the introduction of the "New System" in 1873. Four years before, Sir Joseph Lister had been appointed as Professor of Surgery to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Using antiseptics and narcotics he proved to be very successful, thus attracting patients from higher social classes to the hospital. The hospital managers felt

450-447: Is considered a 'School'—Edinburgh's terminology for a self-administering academic unit representing one or more adjacent disciplines, such as the School of Social and Political Science —despite not being named so. The EFI's first Director was legal scholar Lesley McAra , Professor of Penology . McAra was succeeded in 2022 by Chris Speed, Chair of Design Informatics . Since November 2023, EFI

495-654: Is led by Interim Director Kev Dhaliwal, Professor of Molecular Imaging and Healthcare Technology. The institute has four further Directors of Business Engagement & Partnerships, Education, Innovation, and Research. The EFI's primary role is in postgraduate teaching. As of 2024, it offers one four-year undergraduate Master of Arts (Scotland) degree, and 13 one-year postgraduate Master of Science degrees available for full-time or part-time study. 55°56′40″N 3°11′34″W  /  55.9445°N 3.1927°W  / 55.9445; -3.1927 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh ( RIE )

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540-455: Is managed by NHS Lothian . John Munro , President of the Incorporation of Surgeons in 1712, set in motion a project to establish a "Seminary of Medical Education" in Edinburgh, of which a General Hospital was an integral part. His son, Alexander Monro primus , by then Professor of Anatomy, circulated an anonymous pamphlet in 1721 on the necessity and advantage of erecting a hospital for

585-588: Is now marked with a plaque. A " gentlewoman " was engaged as Mistress or House-keeper, and a "Nurse or Servant" was hired for the patients, both women to be resident and "free of the burden of children and the care of a separate family." The physicians, who had seen the poor gratis twice weekly at their college, arranged for one of their number to attend the hospital, to see both inpatients and outpatients. Six Surgeon-Apothecaries (Alexander Monro, John McGill, Francis Congalton, Robert Hope, John Douglas and George Cunninghame) also agreed to attend in turn, and to dispense

630-450: Is research and teaching on complex, multi-stakeholder societal challenges, with an emphasis on data-driven solutions. It aims to produce innovation especially in creative industries , financial services and fintech , public services , and tourism and festivals, all of which are key sectors of the Scottish economy . The EFI's researchers come from a variety of academic disciplines across

675-622: The Episcopal meeting houses in Edinburgh. The committee set up by the donors leased "a house of small rent" near the college from the university for 19 years. Known, at first, as the Hospital for the Sick Poor , the Physicians' Hospital , or Little House , it was established on 6 August 1729 at the head of Robertson's Close on the site of the building on the corner of South Bridge and Infirmary Street. It

720-457: The Quartermile residential and commercial site. The university purchased the remaining Royal Infirmary site, which had housed the surgical wards, in 2016. This had sat empty since 2003, when the surgical services transferred to the new Royal Infirmary in Little France. In 2018, the university signed the £1.3 billion Edinburgh and South East Scotland City Region Deal in partnership with

765-502: The University of Dundee , because of its history as a constituent college of the University of St Andrews , or Heriot-Watt University at honours level only. The first two years of a Scottish Master of Arts course consist of ordinary Bachelor level courses; however, after these, students who are accepted to pursue the Honours route will complete more advanced subjects and write a dissertation in their fourth year. Students who choose to do

810-464: The Lady Superintendent of Nurses instead of individual ward doctors. They also introduced a systematic training of nurses, who were, after one year of probation, admitted to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh’s Register Book. Accordingly, the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh had implemented the first Scottish nursing school. Up to the movement into the new buildings 102 probationers had been entered into

855-616: The Little House. In 1750, Scottish surgeon Archibald Kerr left a slave plantation he owned in Jamaica , Red Hill Pen, to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in his will. Kerr also left the 39 slaves which were kept as forced labourers on the plantation to the infirmary, which owned Red Hill Pen from 1750 to 1893 (with slavery being abolished in Jamaica in 1833 ). According to the BBC , the infirmary used

900-553: The Royal Infirmary and creation of the EFI; it was the largest-ever capital donation to the university at the time. The university submitted large-scale renovation and extension plans by architectural firm Bennetts Associates for the site to the City of Edinburgh Council , which were approved in December 2017. Construction firm Balfour Beatty won the £70 million contract for the renovation, while

945-514: The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh’s Registry Book. In 1871 a new Superintendent, Charles Hamilton Fasson , was placed in overall charge of the Drummond Street infirmary but felt a new hospital was required on modern standards, and convinced Edinburgh Town council to underwrite the cost of a new infirmary on Lauriston Place. He oversaw the design and construction and remained Superintendent of the new infirmary until his death in 1892. In 1879, at

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990-448: The UK and Scottish governments, six local authorities and all universities and colleges in the region. One of the five 'innovation hubs' the initiative sought to create was a proposed Edinburgh Futures Institute intended to "tackle the world's major problems" and housed in the Royal Infirmary. In 2017, the university received a £10 million gift from an anonymous donor for the renovation of

1035-573: The University announced the Royal Infirmary as the location of Scotland's first PET-MRI Scanner. In 2016, the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh became one of four major trauma centres where specialist services are based as part of a new national major trauma network in Scotland. In 2021, the Royal Hospital for Children and Young People opened on the Little France site adjacent to the Infirmary, this being

1080-431: The arts , humanities , social sciences , informatics , medicine , and natural sciences . Most staff members also teach in other Schools at the university, and the institute considers itself part of the wider university ecosystem in its multidisciplinary approach to research and teaching. Organizationally, the EFI is an institute under the governance of the university's College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. It

1125-547: The city centre, but also because the public transport links to the site had been criticised as inadequate. Furthermore, the economic consultants Jim and Margaret Cuthbert unveiled evidence in the Scottish Left Review outlining why the PFI scheme was a poor use of public funds whilst resulting in huge profits for private investors. In 2012, the hospital began TAVI procedures for the first time in Scotland. On 16 November 2014,

1170-515: The degree of Master of Arts (MA) is usually awarded only in the liberal arts , the humanities , the fine arts , the social sciences and theology . For some science subjects, the degree of Bachelor of Science (BSc) is awarded for four years of study and that of Bachelor of Laws (LLB) after a four-year course in law. Both of these can be awarded with honours after four years or as ordinary or designated degrees after three years. An LLB can also be awarded in two years on an accelerated programme if

1215-430: The entrance to Dreghorn Barracks on Redford Road in the south west of the city. The original surgical theatre, which was on the roof of the 1741 building, was re-erected as part of stables in the grounds of Redford House, also on Redford Road. It has since been converted into a house known as Drummond Scrolls taking its name from the large attached carved bracket scrolls, also from the surgical theatre of 1741. The house

1260-409: The existing nurses were lacking both medical knowledge and appropriate behaviour. They appointed Deputy Surgeon-General Charles Hamilton Fasson as Medical Superintendent. Fasson recruited a group of 17 trained Nightingale Nurses from St. Thomas’s Hospital London. In 1873 Elizabeth Barclay and Angélique Lucille Pringle started building up a system of nursing where the nurses were under the control of

1305-493: The first successful kidney transplant performed in the UK was at this hospital. In 1964 the world's first coronary care unit was established at the hospital. It is the only site for liver, pancreas, and pancreatic islet cell transplantation in Scotland, and one of the country's two sites for kidney transplantation . In 2012, the Emergency Department had 113,000 patient attendances, the highest number in Scotland. It

1350-467: The former Royal High School in nearby High School Yards, built by Alexander Laing in 1777, was converted to a surgical hospital with a new operating theatre built to the east. This was soon found to be inadequate and a new surgical hospital, designed by David Bryce , was built fronting Drummond Street , opening in 1853. The new building was linked to the High School Yards building by an extension to

1395-481: The instruction of the then Lord Provost , Thomas Jamieson Boyd , the infirmary moved to a new location, then in the fresher air of the edge of the city. The site, on Lauriston Place, had been occupied by George Watson's Hospital (a school, known then as a hospital). The school moved a short distance away to the former Merchant Maiden Hospital (another school) in Archibald Place. The original school building, by

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1440-679: The medicines prescribed by the physicians from their own shops, also without payment. The first patient, a lady from Caithness, was suffering from " chlorosis ." She was discharged and recovered after three months. Thirty five patients were admitted in the first year, of whom 19 were cured, 5 recovered, 5 dismissed, either as incurable or for irregularities, and one died in the hospital (of " consumption "). They came from all over Scotland, but mainly from Edinburgh and its environs. Diseases cured included pains, inflammations, agues, ulcers, cancers, palsies, flux, consumption, hysterick disorders and melancholy. A free advice and medicine service for out-patients

1485-544: The north. The Infirmary Street buildings were demolished in 1884 and replaced with public swimming baths and a school. The ornamental gates and gate piers now front the former surgical hospital on Drummond Street. The four attached Ionic columns on the frontispiece of the hospital were removed and incorporated as a combined column in a monument to the Covenanters who were defeated at the Battle of Rullion Green . This stands outside

1530-495: The point of view of the sick and those caring for them. The English poet William Ernest Henley e.g. stayed as a patient at the RIE for three years (1873–75). In several poems he portrayed hospital life as well as individual nurses. The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh referred to ‘matrons’ as ‘Mistresses’, starting from 1729 when it was based at ‘The Little House’. The role was more akin to a housekeeper but she did administer medicines. She

1575-796: The public on 3 June 2024. The EFI admitted its first undergraduate cohort in Interdisciplinary Futures in September 2023. In August 2024, the Institute hosted the Edinburgh International Book Festival , with EFI designated as the Festival's new permanent home. The building was named a laureate in the 2024 Prix Versailles World Architecture and Design Awards as one of the "world's most beautiful campuses", and an example of "exceptional architecture and design". The EFI's mission

1620-516: The same William Adam as the earlier infirmary, was incorporated into the new David Bryce -designed infirmary buildings and the chapel remained in use for the entirety of the infirmary's occupation of the site. In the 1920s, the hospital needed to expand, and once again George Watson's College was asked to move. An arrangement was reached to acquire the school's site, with the school to remain there until new premises could be built elsewhere. By 1932,

1665-574: The school's new premises in Colinton Road were ready, and the old Archibald Place building was demolished to make way for the Simpson Memorial Pavilion, used primarily as a maternity wing. In 1948, the infirmary was incorporated into the National Health Service (NHS). The liver transplant unit opened in 1992. In May 2001, Lothian Health Trust sold the 20-acre (81,000 m ) Lauriston Place site for £30 million to Southside Capital Ltd.,

1710-516: The sick and poor. In 1725, the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh wrote to the stock-holders of the Fishery Company, which was about to be wound up, suggesting that they assign their shares for the purpose of such a hospital. Other donors included many wealthy citizens, most of the physicians and several surgeons, numerous Church of Scotland parishes (at the urging of their Assembly ) and

1755-525: The student has already obtained a first degree. Degrees in some disciplines, such as psychology , can lead either to the degree of MA or that of BSc. For example, those studying psychology or management at the University of St Andrews or the University of Dundee may graduate MA or BSc, depending on whether they are a member of the Faculty of Arts or the Faculty of Sciences respectively. At the University of Aberdeen, students studying psychology are awarded an MA or

1800-498: The total cost of the project was believed to be about £120 million. Construction works began in early 2018 with an anticipated opening date of 2021, but the building's listed status and the COVID-19 pandemic delayed the process. Teaching on the EFI's first postgraduate programs began in September 2022 in other venues around the university's George Square campus. The institute and its newly-restored building were formally opened to

1845-401: The wealth generated from Red Hill Pen to "buy medicines, construct a new building, employ staff, and heal Edinburgh's "sick poor"." In 2023, the health board of NHS Lothian publicly announced that they would be providing reparations for slavery after discovering the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh's ownership of the plantation. By the 1830s, the hospital had become short of space and, in 1832,

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1890-427: Was assisted by a number of ‘servants’ but very unwell patients were looked after by medical students. The term ‘Mistress’ was replaced with Superintendent of Nurses from 1866 to 1871 then Lady Superintendent of Nurses from 1872. The Preliminary Training School for Nurses was introduced in 1924. The following were lady superintendents of nurses: Master of Arts (Scotland) In some Scottish universities ,

1935-501: Was designed by Keppie Design and constructed by Balfour Beatty at a cost of £184 million opened in 2003. The building was built without air conditioning, meaning that portable units are required for the summer months. The Little France site initially attracted some controversy in the local media such as the Edinburgh Evening News , not least because the city's main accident and emergency facilities are some distance from

1980-563: Was established in 1729, and is the oldest voluntary hospital in Scotland . The new buildings of 1879 were claimed to be the largest voluntary hospital in the United Kingdom, and later on, the Empire. The hospital moved to a new 900 bed site in 2003 in Little France . It is the site of clinical medicine teaching as well as a teaching hospital for the University of Edinburgh Medical School . In 1960

2025-463: Was very popular, receiving a 1,000 patients by 1754, which presented the hospital with prohibitively high costs and demand. Fundraising began for a new hospital, driven by Monro and Drummond , and the appeal attracted funds from churches throughout Scotland, landed gentry, private individuals, and prominent professionals including physicians, surgeons, merchants and lawyers, as well as donations of labour and building materials. The infirmary received

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