75-933: Rostow is an Americanized form of the Russian and Ashkenazi Jewish toponymic surname Rostov (Russian: Ростов; masculine) or Rostova (Ростова; feminine). It indicates someone from Rostov in Russia . Notable people with the surname include: Elspeth Rostow (1917–2007), American educator and policy advisor Eugene V. Rostow (1913–2002), American jurist Walt Whitman Rostow (1916–2003), American economist and political theorist See also [ edit ] Rostov (disambiguation) Rostov , town in Russia Rostov-on-Don , city in Russia Rostovsky (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
150-505: A class action racial discrimination lawsuit and promised to change the way it manages, promotes, and treats minority employees in the US. In 2003, protesters at Coca-Cola's annual meeting claimed that black people remained underrepresented in top management at the company, were paid less than white employees, and fired more often. In 2004, Luke Visconti, a co-founder of DiversityInc, which rates companies on their diversity efforts, said: "Because of
225-410: A franchised distribution system since 1889. The company largely produces syrup concentrate, which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold exclusive territories. In July 1886, pharmacist John Stith Pemberton from Columbus, Georgia invented the original Coca-Cola drink, which was advertised as helpful in the relief of headache, to be placed on sale primarily in drugstores as
300-561: A 40% stake in Chi Ltd on January 30, 2016. The Coca-Cola Company acquired the remaining 60% stake in Chi Ltd on January 30, 2019. In 2017, the Coca-Cola Company acquired Mexican sparkling water brand Topo Chico . On August 31, 2018, it agreed to acquire Costa Coffee from Whitbread for £3.9bn. The acquisition closed on January 3, 2019. During August 2018, the Coca-Cola Company acquired Moxie for an undisclosed amount. On August 14, 2018,
375-505: A Trace , and The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius . American films have been historically extremely popular around the world and often dominate cinemas as a result of a high demand of U.S. product exported to consumers to clear away the outlook of World War II. The top 50 highest-grossing films of all time were all made entirely or partially in the United States. Often, part of the negotiating in free trade agreements between
450-536: A break and left Robinson to make, promote, and sell Coca-Cola on his own. Robinson promoted the drink with the limited budget that he had, and succeeded. American businessman Asa Griggs Candler purchased the Coca-Cola formula and brand, forming the Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta in 1892. By 1895, Coca-Cola was being sold nationwide. In 1919, the company was sold to Ernest Woodruff 's Trust Company of Georgia, after which it
525-417: A can size. The magazine Forbes has labeled Coca-Cola as the world's most polluting brand. The company's global chief executive stated that "Coca-Cola has no plans to reduce its use of plastic bottles" and opposes bottle bill legislation, as consumers prefer the plastic bottles that "reseal and are lightweight". They also contribute to plastic waste producing up to three million tons of plastic packaging
600-569: A history museum, with locations in Las Vegas, Nevada , and Lake Buena Vista, Florida . The Coca-Cola Company also produces a number of other soft drinks including Fanta (introduced circa 1941), Sprite and Lilt , which was discontinued after 50 years and renamed Fanta Pineapple & Grapefruit. Fanta's origins date back to World War II during a trade embargo against Germany on cola syrup, making it impossible to sell Coca-Cola in Germany. Max Keith ,
675-625: A long-term strategic partnership that includes marketing and distribution alliance, and product line swap. In 2015, the company took a minority stake ownership in the cold pressed juice manufacturer, Suja Life LLC. In December 2016, it bought many of the former SABMiller 's Coca-Cola operations. The Coca-Cola Company owns a 68.3% stake in Coca-Cola Bottlers Africa. Coca-Cola Bottlers Africa's headquarters located in Port Elizabeth South Africa. The Coca-Cola Company acquired
750-435: A medicinal beverage. Pemberton had made many mixing experiments and reached his goal during the month of May, but the new product was as yet unnamed and uncarbonated. Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson , is credited with naming the product and creating its logo. Robinson chose the name Coca-Cola because of its two main ingredients (coca leaves and kola nuts) and because it is an alliteration. John Pemberton had taken
825-547: A publicly traded company. Its stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "KO". One share of stock purchased in 1919 for $ 40, with all dividends reinvested, would have been worth $ 9.8 million in 2012, a 10.7% annual increase adjusted for inflation. A predecessor bank of SunTrust received $ 100,000 for underwriting Coca-Cola's 1919 public offering; the bank sold that stock for over $ 2 billion in 2012. In 1987, Coca-Cola once again became one of
SECTION 10
#1732855144865900-741: A result of the refranchising and bottler consolidations, multi-national/large-scale bottlers and three U.S.-based bottlers now dominate the manufacturing and distribution of the company's products except the territories managed by BIG bottlers. Multi-national/large-scale bottlers Bottlers headquartered and operated in the U.S. Company-owned bottling operation is now managed under BIG, which covers operations in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Philippines, Singapore, and Sri Lanka as well as eastern African operation by Coca-Cola Beverages Africa in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. In 2021,
975-525: A role in spreading American influence into the world. In addition, the United States's influence played a role in elevating and altering the role of sports in general on a global level, such as in the Olympic Games. Many of the world's largest companies, such as Alphabet ( Google ), Amazon , AT&T , Apple , Coca-Cola , Disney , General Motors , McDonald's , Nike , Meta , Microsoft , Pepsi , and Walmart , were founded and are headquartered in
1050-670: A rough consensus on its meaning exists. Harm G. Schröter who focused on the economic dimension of the process, defined it as "an adapted transfer of values, behaviours, institutions, technologies, patterns of organization, symbols and norms from the [United States] to the economic life of other states". Mel van Elteren defined this in a negative way, as "a process in which economic, technological, political, social, cultural and/or socio–psychological influences emanating from America or Americans impinge on values, norms, belief systems, mentalities, habits, rules, technologies, practices, institutions and behaviors of non-Americans". Hollywood ,
1125-494: A year including over 110 billion plastic bottles. In 2018, Coca-Cola pledged to use 50% recycled materials in its packaging and to recycle the equivalent of 100% of its packaging by 2030. That same year, the company started to sell reusable bottles in Brazil, which customers could return to the point of sale for a discount of subsequent purchases. The initiative was expanded to several other South American countries by 2022. In 2019,
1200-589: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Americanized Americanization or Americanisation (see spelling differences ) is the influence of the American culture and economy on other countries outside the United States , including their media , cuisine , business practices , popular culture , technology and political techniques. Some observers have described Americanization as synonymous with progress and innovation. The cinema of
1275-492: Is extremely dangerous," Putin warned, "to encourage people to see themselves as exceptional, whatever the motivation." A new dimension of anti-Americanism is fear of the pervasiveness of American Internet technology. Americanization has arrived through widespread high-speed Internet and smartphone technology since 2008, with a large fraction of the new apps and hardware being designed in Silicon Valley . In Europe, there
1350-597: Is growing concern about excess Americanization through Google , Facebook , Twitter , the iPhone , and Uber , among many other American Internet-based corporations. European governments have increasingly expressed concern about privacy issues, as well as antitrust and taxation issues regarding the new American giants. There is a fear that they are significantly evading taxes and posting information that may violate European privacy laws. The Wall Street Journal in 2015 reported "deep concerns in Europe's highest policy circles about
1425-529: Is the best-selling album of all time internationally. By the study of vocabulary and spelling of English words in books and tweets, American English is more common in communities of the European Union than British English . This trend is more apparent in the events after World War II and the end of the Soviet Union. Baseball 's international spread is largely because of historical American influence on
1500-487: Is the main source of energy for producing high fructose corn syrup. The environmental impact of corn production can be attributed to three primary effects of field emissions, irrigation and grain decay. Coca-Cola has also been under fire for depleting water sources through their high water usages. Local villagers have testified that Coca-Cola's entry in Kaladera Rajasthan intensified lower water sources. Documents from
1575-561: The American Civil War , and had become addicted to the pain medication morphine . At the time, cocaine was being promoted as a "cure" for opioid addiction, so he developed the beverage as a patent medicine in an effort to control his addiction. In 1889, the formula and brand were sold for $ 2,300 (roughly $ 71,000 in 2022) to Asa Griggs Candler , who incorporated the Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta , Georgia in 1892. The company has operated
SECTION 20
#17328551448651650-470: The S&;P 500 and S&P 100 indexes. Coca-Cola was developed in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton . At the time it was introduced, the product contained cocaine from coca leaves and caffeine from kola nuts which together acted as a stimulant . The coca and the kola are the source of the product name, and led to Coca-Cola's promotion as a "healthy tonic". Pemberton had been severely wounded in
1725-583: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Until the late 1980s, the communist press could be counted on to be especially critical of the United States. To some extent, Russia continued that role under Vladimir Putin , and there are similar tendencies in China. Putin in 2013 published an opinion piece in The New York Times that attacked the American tendency to see itself as an exceptional indispensable nation. "It
1800-604: The restrictions placed by communist authorities, Americanization would continue to spread out over the Iron Curtain even before the collapse of the Soviet Union and accelerated afterwards. The first McDonald's in Soviet Russia had a grand opening on Moscow 's Pushkin Square on 31 January 1990 with approximately 38,000 customers waiting in hours long lines, breaking company records at the time. By 1997, there were 21 locations of
1875-409: The surname Rostow . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rostow&oldid=1187130858 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1950-844: The 1920s, the American efficiency movement was called "rationalization" and was a powerful social and economic force. In part, it looked explicitly at American models, especially Fordism . "Rationalization" meant higher productivity and greater efficiency and promised that science would bring prosperity. More generally, it promised a new level of modernity and was applied to economic production and consumption as well as public administration . Various versions of rationalization were promoted by industrialists and social democrats , by engineers and architects, by educators and academics, by middle-class feminists and social workers, by government officials and politicians of many parties. As ideology and practice, rationalization challenged and transformed not only machines, factories, and vast business enterprises but also
2025-647: The 30 stocks which makes up the Dow Jones Industrial Average , which is commonly referenced as a proxy for stock market performance; it had previously been a Dow stock from 1932 to 1935. Coca-Cola has paid a dividend since 1920 and, as of 2019, had increased it each year for 57 years straight. The 10 largest shareholder of Coca-Cola in July 2024 were: The following are key management as of March 2023 (excluding VP positions and regional leaders): The following are all directors as of March 2023: In general,
2100-465: The American film and television industry , has since the 1910s dominated most of the world's media markets. It is the chief medium by which people across the globe see American fashions, customs, scenery, and way of life. The major film studios of the United States are the primary source of the most commercially successful and most ticket selling movies in the world. The top 50 highest-grossing films of all time were all made entirely or partially in
2175-539: The American occupation headquarters, Office of Military Government (OMGUS), began its own newspaper based in Munich in 1945. Die Neue Zeitung was edited by German and Jewish émigrés who had fled to the United States before the war. Its mission was to destroy Nazi cultural remnants and encourage democracy by exposing Germans to the ways American culture operated. There was great detail on sports, politics, business, Hollywood, fashions, and international affairs. Despite
2250-421: The Coca-Cola Company was previously the top global company by revenue, giving rise to the term "Coca-Cola diplomacy" for anything emblematic of U.S. soft power . U.S.-based fast food franchises such as McDonald's , Subway , Starbucks , Burger King , Pizza Hut , KFC and Domino's Pizza , among others, have numerous outlets around the world. Of the top ten global brands (2017) by revenue, seven are based in
2325-528: The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiaries only produce syrup concentrate, as well as sourcing beverage base including coffee beans, tea leaf, juices, etc., which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold a local Coca-Cola franchise . Coca-Cola bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce the finished product in packages from the concentrate and beverage base, in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise
Rostow - Misplaced Pages Continue
2400-600: The Coca-Cola Company announced a minority interest in Body Armor. On September 19, 2018, the Coca-Cola Company acquired Organic & Raw Trading Co. Pty Ltd the manufacturer of MOJO Kombucha in Willunga, Australia. According to the Coca-Cola Company's 2005 annual report , it had sold beverage products in more than 200 countries that year. The 2005 report further states that of the approximately 50 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide, daily, beverages bearing
2475-474: The Coca-Cola Company offers more than 500 brands in over 200 countries. In September 2020, the company announced that it would cut more than half of its brands, as a result of the economic effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic . Coca-Cola bought Columbia Pictures in 1982, owing to the low monetary value of the studio. The film company was the first and only studio ever owned by Coca-Cola. During its ownership of
2550-503: The Coca-Cola Company.' Within two hours of the end of that meeting, every ticket to the dinner was sold. Throughout 2012, Coca-Cola contributed $ 1,700,500 to a $ 46 million political campaign known as "The Coalition Against The Costly Food Labeling Proposition, sponsored by Farmers and Food Producers". This organization was set up to oppose a citizen's initiative, known as Proposition 37, demanding mandatory labeling of foods containing genetically modified ingredients. In 2012, Coca-Cola
2625-656: The Coca-Cola product to retail stores , vending machines, restaurants, and food service distributors. Outside the United States, these bottlers also control the fountain business. Since the 1980s, the company has actively encouraged the consolidation of bottlers, with the company often owning a share of these "anchor bottlers." In January 2006, the company formed the Bottling Investments Group (BIG), by bringing company-owned bottling operations together to strategically invest in select bottling operations, temporarily taking them under Coca-Cola ownership, and utilizing
2700-756: The Indian cola brand Thums Up in 1993, and the American soda company Barq's in 1995. In 1999, Coca-Cola purchased 50% of the shares of Inca Kola for $ 200 million, subsequently taking control of overseas marketing and production for the brand. In 2001, it acquired the Odwalla brand of fruit juices, smoothies, and bars for $ 181 million. It announced Odwalla's discontinuation in 2020. In 2007, it acquired Fuze Beverage from founder Lance Collins and Castanea Partners for an estimated $ 250 million. The company's 2009 bid to buy Chinese juice maker Huiyuan Juice Group ended when China rejected its $ 2.4 billion bid, on
2775-450: The Russian chain. The importation of Little Golden Books (Petits Livres d'Or) to France under the publisher Cocorico after World War II is discussed as a subtle way of implementing cultural productions that "presented the economic principles of American liberalism in a favorable light" in a study by Cécile Boulaire. Foreign versions of American television programs are rebroadcast around
2850-491: The U.S. and other nations involves screen quotas . One such case is Mexico , which abolished screen quotas after the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the U.S. and Canada. Many American musicians, such as Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson , are popular worldwide and have sold over 500 million albums each. Michael Jackson's album Thriller , at 100 million sales,
2925-737: The United Kingdom, like some of the Harry Potter franchise, or with deliberately and quintessentially British source material, like the Lord of the Rings series, count as American productions for solely financial reasons. This coopting of the works of other nations and cultures into "American" works (and the hegemonic ability to do as such) forms part of many critical definitions of Americanization. United States–based commercial enterprises operating internationally are also associated with Americanization. Notably,
3000-465: The United States has dominated most of the world's medias markets since the 1910s, and is the chief medium by which the international community sees American fashions, customs, scenery, and way of life . The top 50 highest-grossing films of all time were all made either entirely or partially in the United States or were financed by U.S. production companies, even with limited or no artistic involvement. The top 50 constituents set and filmed entirely in
3075-432: The United States. In general, the U.S. government plays only a facilitating role in the dissemination of films, television, books, journals etc. However, after the occupation of the former Axis countries during World War II , the U.S. government played a major role in restructuring the media in those countries to eliminate totalitarianism and to promote democracy against fascism and Nazism . For example, in Germany,
Rostow - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-568: The United States. Of the world's 500 largest companies , 124 are headquartered in the U.S. Coca-Cola, which previously held the top spot, is often viewed as a symbol of Americanization, giving rise to the term "Coca-Cola diplomacy" for anything emblematic of U.S. soft power . The American fast food industry, the world's first and largest, is also often viewed as being a symbol of U.S. marketing dominance. Companies such as McDonald's , Burger King , Pizza Hut , Kentucky Fried Chicken , and Domino's Pizza , among others, have numerous outlets around
3225-525: The United States: Apple Inc. , Google , Microsoft , Coca-Cola , Amazon , Facebook , and IBM . During the Cold War , Americanization was the primary soft power method chosen to counter the more hard power-orientated polar process of Sovietization around the world. Education, schools, and particularly universities became the main target for Americanization. Resistance to Americanization within
3300-427: The advent of widespread high-speed Internet use in the mid-2000s (notably heavily censored in China ). Criticism of Americanization has included opposition to U.S. investments in Europe during the 1960s, which subsided by the 1970s. A new dimension of anti-Americanism is fear of the pervasiveness of American Internet technology. Like many concepts in social sciences, the term has been called ambiguous, however,
3375-461: The chairman and CEO of Coca-Cola, and Mayor Ivan Allen summoned key Atlanta business leaders to the Commerce Club's eighteenth-floor dining room, where Austin told them flatly, 'It is embarrassing for Coca-Cola to be located in a city that refuses to honor its Nobel Prize winner. We are an international business. The Coca-Cola Company does not need Atlanta. You all need to decide whether Atlanta needs
3450-576: The company announced its intention to list Coca-Cola Beverages Africa as a publicly traded company. However, in June 2022 it announced that it was delaying this plan, pending an evaluation of macroeconomic conditions. After Martin Luther King Jr. won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize , plans for an interracial celebratory dinner in still- segregated Atlanta were not initially well supported by the city's business elite until Coca-Cola intervened. J. Paul Austin ,
3525-560: The company's Swedish branch marked the first to fully transition to recyclable bottles by 2020. Coca-Cola using high fructose corn syrup has a lower sustainability compared to producing sugary drinks with sugar cane. High fructose corn syrup is carbon intensive due to the substantial amounts of fossil fuels required to power heavy machinery. Turning corn into high fructose corn syrup is an energy intensive process requiring large amounts of carbon to be expended especially during corn growth. Burning fossil fuels releases CO 2 and CH 4 which
3600-402: The concept of 'Americanization' to their research on cultural or economic history have been well aware of the complexities of trans-Atlantic relations in this period, whether they were viewed as a two-way exchange or as a process of circulation. Some critics believe that the result of the rivalry between Sinicization and Americanization may lead to the emergence of a third power or turn one of
3675-417: The course equated with being less "arrogant" and "oppressive." Coca-Cola advertising has "been among the most prolific in marketing history," with a notable and major impact on popular culture and society. The company in recent years has spent approximately an annual $ 4 billion globally to promote its drinks to the public; and spent approximately $ 4.24 billion on advertising in fiscal year 2019, most of which
3750-797: The end of the Cold War marked the end of history, constitutes a new, historically contingent variation on the ideology that framed conflict in the beginning". Instead Americanisation, in the eyes of Mary Nolan, is not an all consuming force and what emerged during 1990 was "a multipolar global order". Therefore, the actual impact the U.S. and Americanisation has on the globe is hotly debated and runs deep into modern political policymaking. The traditional exceptional image of U.S. complete hegemonic power can be "quite dangerous" because it prompted American intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan, which just like in Vietnam, proved to show
3825-527: The government's water ministry reveal water levels remained stable from 1995 until 2000, when the Coca-Cola was first operational. Water levels then dropped by almost ten meters during the next five years. Other communities in India that are located around Coca-Cola's bottling plants are experiencing water shortages as well as environmental damage taking heavy tolls on harvests as well as drying up wells. In November 2000, Coca-Cola agreed to pay $ 192.5 million to settle
SECTION 50
#17328551448653900-602: The grounds the resulting company would be a virtual monopoly. Nationalism was also thought to be a reason for aborting the deal. In 2011, it acquired the remaining stake in Honest Tea , having bought a 40% stake in 2008 for $ 43 million. In 2013, it finalized its purchase of ZICO , a coconut water company. In August 2014, it acquired a 16.7% (currently 19.36% due to stock buy backs) stake in Monster Beverage for $ 2.15 billion with an option to increase it to 25%, as part of
3975-656: The head of Coca-Cola's German office during the war, decided to create a new product for the German market, made only from products available in Germany at the time, which they named Fanta. The drink proved to be a hit, and when Coke took over again after the war, it adopted the Fanta brand as well. Fanta was originally an orange-flavored soft drink that can come in plastic bottles or cans. It has become available in many different flavors now such as grape, peach, grapefruit, apple, pineapple, and strawberry. In 1961, Coca-Cola introduced Sprite,
4050-481: The leadership and resources of the company. Also, the company has accelerated refranchising both company-owned bottlers and independent bottling partners to consolidate their operations and move away from the capital-intensive and low-margin business of bottling, with maintaining minor share ownership of these consolidated bottlers and secure the right to nominate directors and/or executives through shareholders agreement and/or capital and business alliance agreement. As
4125-454: The limitations of American power across the globe. The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational corporation founded in 1892. It manufactures, sells and markets soft drinks including Coca-Cola , other non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and alcoholic beverages. Its stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is a component of the DJIA and
4200-436: The lives of middle-class and working-class Germans. Department stores threatened the more local businesses, with low prices and chain-managed stores. The small businesses were determined and fought back to protect their source of income from the U.S. market. During the Cold War, Americanization was the method to counter the processes of Sovietization around the world. Education, schools, and particularly universities became
4275-636: The main target for Americanization. However, resistance to Americanization of the university community restrained it, although it was still much more successful than Sovietization. From 1950 to 1965, American investments in Europe soared by 800% to $ 13.9 billion, and in the European Economic Community they rose ten times to $ 6.25 billion. Europe's share of American investments increased from 15% to 28%. The investments were of very high visibility and generated much talk of Americanization. Even so, American investments in Europe represented only 50% of
4350-744: The movie studio Columbia Pictures for $ 692 million. Coca-Cola then launched a series of entertainment takeovers, namely Merv Griffin Enterprises and Embassy Communications in the mid-1980s, forming the Entertainment Business Sector, which would later merge with Tri-Star Pictures to start out Columbia Pictures Entertainment, with CPE holding a stake in the company. Coca-Cola sold Columbia to Sony for $ 3 billion in 1989. In 1986, Coke sold off two assets, namely Presto Products and Winker-Flexible Products to an investment group led by E.O. Gaylord for $ 38 million. The company acquired
4425-603: The power of U.S. technology companies." The Americanization of the Navajo at Canyon de Chelly was carried out by the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the late 1800s. In 1902 the British journalist William Stead used this term in the title of his book, The Americanization of the World , in which he discussed the growing popularity of the "American ideas". Berghahn (2010) analyzes the debate on
4500-541: The rest of the world; the sport was seen as being connected to military ventures abroad. The desire to spread baseball came partially from the American values it was said to impart, as it was identified in the late 19th century as being egalitarian in nature. It is now prevalent in parts of Latin America and the Asia-Pacific, having become an integral part of local cultures. Basketball and other American sports also played
4575-403: The settlement decree, Coca-Cola was forced to put in management practices that have put the company in the top 10 for diversity." In March 2012, 16 workers of color sued Coca-Cola, claiming they had to work in a "cesspool of racial discrimination." In February 2021, recordings of an employee training course were leaked on social media. The course instructed employees to "be less white", which
SECTION 60
#17328551448654650-502: The studio, Columbia released many popular films including Ghostbusters , Stripes , The Karate Kid , and some others. However, two years after the critical and commercial failure of the 1987 film Ishtar , Columbia was spun-off and then sold to Tokyo -based Sony in 1989. Coca-Cola operates a soft drink themed tourist attraction in Atlanta, Georgia; the World of Coca-Cola is a multi-storied exhibition. It features flavor sampling and
4725-470: The total European investment and American-owned companies in the European Economic Community employ only 2 or 3% of the total labor force. The basic reason for U.S. investments is no longer lower production costs, faster economic growth, or higher profits in Europe but the desire to maintain a competitive position based largely on American technological superiority. Opposition to U.S. investments
4800-497: The trademarks owned by or licensed to Coca-Cola account for more than 1.3 billion. Of these, beverages bearing the trademark "Coca-Cola" or "Coke" accounted for approximately 55% of the company's total gallon sales. In 2010, it was announced that Coca-Cola had become the first brand to top £1 billion in annual UK grocery sales. In 2017, Coca-Cola sales were down 11% from the year before due to consumer tastes shifting away from sugary drinks. Since 1919, Coca-Cola has been
4875-560: The two into the actor with the most bargaining power. In the midst of this competition, the interests and rights of local businesses may be violated. Others such as Francis Fukuyama argue that the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 prompted a unipolar global capitalist reality that meant the "end of history". Some see this as a flawed view, mired in US exceptionalism. John Fousek said "the triumphalism embedded in Francis Fukuyama's view that
4950-484: The university community restrained its effectiveness, though it was still much more successful than Sovietization. Americanization has become more prevalent since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, which left the United States as the world's sole superpower (the full soft power of China as a potential competing influence has yet to manifest within Occidental pop culture). Americanization found yet another gear with
5025-563: The use of the English language by American companies. Criticism was also directed toward the international currency system which was blamed for inflationary tendencies as a result of the dominant position of the U.S. dollar . However, by the 1970s, European investments in the U.S. had increased even more rapidly than vice versa, and Geir Lundestad finds there was less talk of the Americans buying Europe. Americanization has become more prevalent since
5100-462: The usefulness of the concepts of 'Americanization' and 'Westernization'. He reviews the recent research on the European–American relationship during the Cold War that has dealt with the cultural influence of the United States upon Europe. He then discusses the relevant work on this subject in the fields of economic and business history. Overall, the article tries to show that those who have applied
5175-421: The world" pumping out 200,000 plastic bottles a minute. Problems also arose in places such as Samoa where Coca-Cola switched away from reusable glass bottles to one time use plastic bottles. Residents of Samoa have seen an increase in plastic pollution since this switch has been made. Alternatives to plastic such as aluminum have also been overlooked with Coca-Cola releasing a new plastic bottle slightly bigger than
5250-444: The world, many of them through American broadcasters and their subsidiaries (such as HBO Asia , CNBC Europe and CNN International ). Many of the distributors broadcast American programming on their television channels. In 2006, a survey of 20 countries by Radio Times found seven American shows in the ten most watched: CSI: Miami , Lost , Desperate Housewives , The Simpsons , CSI: Crime Scene Investigation , Without
5325-489: The world. Many of the world's biggest computer companies are also U.S.-based, such as Microsoft , Apple , Intel , HP Inc. , Dell , and IBM , and much of the software bought worldwide is created by U.S.-based companies. Carayannis and Campbell note, "The [United States] occupies, also in global terms, a very strong position in the software sector." Even as far back as 1900, some observers saw "Americanization" as synonymous with progress and innovation. In Germany during
5400-889: Was listed as a partner of the (RED) campaign, together with other brands such as Nike , Girl , American Express , and Converse . The campaign's mission is to prevent the transmission of the HIV virus from mother to child by 2015 (the campaign's byline is "Fighting for an AIDS Free Generation"). Since the early 2000s, the criticisms over the use of Coca-Cola products as well as the company itself, escalated with concerns over health effects, environmental issues, animal testing , economic business practices and employee issues. The Coca-Cola Company has been faced with multiple lawsuits concerning these various criticisms. The Coca-Cola Company produces over 3 million tonnes of plastic packaging each year including 110 billion plastic bottles . The company has been referenced as "the worst plastic polluter in
5475-534: Was originally confined to France but later spread to other European countries; for example, Finland has been considered a particularly Americanized country, even "the most Americanized in Europe", since the 1960s, which is why there was concern about Americanization at first, and some tried to limit it by regulating American television programs on the Finnish television channels. Public opinion began to resent American advertising and business methods, personnel policies, and
5550-593: Was soon reincorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law that same year. Coca-Cola's first ad read "Coca Cola. Delicious! Refreshing! Exhilarating! Invigorating!" Candler was one of the first businessmen to use merchandising in his advertising strategy. As of 1948, Coca-Cola had claimed about 60% of its market share. By 1984, the Coca-Cola Company's market share decreased to 21.8% due to new competitors. Coca-Cola acquired Minute Maid in 1960 for an undisclosed amount. In 1982, it acquired
5625-578: Was spent to advertise Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola advertises through direct marketing, web-based media, social media, text messaging, and sales promotions. The company also markets via mobile marketing in text messages, e.g. viral marketing campaigns. Fan engagement spans 86 million globally across social media channels: online interaction, and social, cultural, or sporting events. In the retail setting, direct store beverage delivery trucks (mobile advertising) as well as point of sale coolers and vending machines have bright red logo blazoned branding. As of 2020,
#864135