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48-578: Lois Rosenthal was born May 18, 1939, in Cincinnati, Ohio and she grew up in largely Jewish neighborhood of South Avondale. Her family owned Bilker's, a successful family-owned neighborhood Kosher grocery and delicatessen in Cincinnati. She attended classes at Avondale School, is a graduate of Walnut Hills High School . She held a B.A. in Economics and Pre-Law (class of 1960) from the University of Cincinnati . At

96-670: A $ 300,000 gift to the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to sponsor the Eternal Flame of Freedom at the center, which graces the Cincinnati riverfront . Together with her husband, Lois co-founded the Lois and Richard Rosenthal Institute for Justice (RIJ) in 2004, based at the University of Cincinnati School of Law , to "harness the idealism, energy and intellect of law students, turning those qualities into

144-503: A captive bolt is instantaneous. She gives various times for loss of consciousness via kosher ritual slaughter, ranging from 15 to 90 seconds depending on measurement type and individual kosher slaughterhouse. To avoid tearing, and to ensure the cut is thorough, such slaughter is usually performed by a trained individual, with a large, razor-sharp knife, which is checked before each slaughter to ensure that it has no irregularities (such as nicks and dents); if irregularities are discovered, or

192-429: A custom not to eat any such eggs with blood spots. If the egg was definitely unfertilized (laid by a hen kept isolated from roosters), many authorities (including Moshe Feinstein and Ovadia Yosef —the former Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel ) rule that one may remove the blood spot and then eat the remainder of the egg. This is the case nowadays, when battery eggs form the majority of available produce. Regarding

240-537: A kosher-slaughtered animal to a kohen is a positive commandment in the Hebrew Bible . Some rabbinic opinions maintain that consumption of the animal is forbidden before these gifts are given, though the accepted halacha is to permit this. Furthermore, the actual foreleg, cheeks and maw of all kosher-slaughtered beef are forbidden to a non- kohen unless the kohen permits. One of the main biblical food laws forbids consuming blood on account of "the life [being] in

288-544: A patient escort and guided young women through crowds of protesters. She worked for the benefit of exotic animals and brought education programs to the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden . Her work on behalf of California lettuce field workers led to a friendship with union leader Cesar Chavez . She and her husband, Richard H. Rosenthal established the Rosenthal Family Foundation in 1986. Lois launched

336-399: A similar chemical behaviour include food starch from tapioca , chemically modified pectins , and carrageenan combined with certain vegetable gums— guar gum , locust bean gum , xanthan gum , gum acacia , agar , and others. Although gelatin is used for several purposes by a wide variety of manufacturers, it has started to be replaced with these substitutes in a number of products, due to

384-536: A vehicle for positive social and legal change in Cincinnati, the state of Ohio, and beyond." The couple also founded Uptown Arts , an Over-the-Rhine arts academy that offers free lessons to 300 inner-city children each year in such disciplines as art, music and dance. Uptown arts is housed in a restored three-story, 12,000-square-foot (1,100 m) Liberty Street building that also houses the Rosenthal Family Foundation. With her husband, she co-founded

432-411: Is a minhag " to do so. Nevertheless, eggs are not checked in commercial settings where doing so would be expensive. Gelatin is hydrolysed collagen , the main protein in animal connective tissue , and therefore could potentially come from a non-kosher source, such as pig skin. Gelatin has historically been a prominent source of glue, finding uses from musical instruments to embroidery , one of

480-550: Is complicated as hard cheese often involves rennet , an enzyme that splits milk into curds and whey . Many forms of rennet are derived from the stomach linings of animals, but since the 1990s rennet is often made recombinantly in microbes because it can be produced more efficiently (though many artisanal cheeses and cheeses made in Europe still use animal rennet). Because the rennet could be derived from animals, it could potentially be non-kosher. Rennet made recombinantly, or from

528-493: Is necessary for cheese made with non-animal rennet. However, some such as Joseph B. Soloveitchik ate generic cheeses without certification. Isaac Klein 's tshuva authorized the use of cheese made from non-kosher rennet, and this is widely practised by observant Conservative Jews and Conservative institutions. The eggs of kosher birds are kosher. Eggs are considered pareve despite being an animal product. Occasionally blood spots are found within an egg, which can affect

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576-594: Is not considered kosher. To comply with kosher requirements, a fish must have fins and easily detached scales; the scales of a sturgeon are extremely hard to remove, hence it is non-kosher. Other seafood considered non-kosher includes shellfish like clams , oysters , crabs and shrimp . There is also a risk of products like seaweed and kelp being contaminated by microscopic, non-kosher crustaceans . The Torah forbids two types of sherets (creeping or swarming things): In addition to meat, products of forbidden species and from unhealthy animals were banned by

624-568: Is produced by separating the three strands in each collagen fiber's triple helix by boiling collagen in water. David Sheinkopf, author of Gelatin in Jewish Law (Bloch 1982) and Issues in Jewish Dietary Laws (Ktav 1998), has published in-depth studies of the kosher uses of gelatin, as well as carmine and kitniyot . One of the main methods of avoiding non-kosher gelatin is to substitute gelatin-like materials in its place; substances with

672-581: Is used for any meat or dairy products. Because of the complexities of modern food manufacturing , kashrut agencies supervise or inspect the production of kosher foods and provide a certification called a hechsher to verify for kosher food consumers that it has been produced in accordance with Jewish law. Jewish dietary law is primarily derived from Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14:1-21. Foods that may be consumed according to Jewish religious law are termed kosher ( / ˈ k oʊ ʃ ər / ) in English, from

720-427: The gid hanasheh (sciatic nerve) must be removed, more difficult in the rear-quarters, often only cuts of meat from the forequarters are available. Leviticus prohibits the eating of certain types of fat ( chelev ) from sacrificial land animals (cattle, sheep, and goats), since the fat is the portion of the meat exclusively allocated to God (by burning it on the altar). The gift of the foreleg, cheeks and maw of

768-522: The Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér ( כָּשֵׁר ‎), meaning "fit" (in this context, fit for consumption). Foods that are not in accordance with Jewish law are called treif ( / t r eɪ f / ; Yiddish : טרײף , derived from Hebrew : טְרֵפָה ṭərēfā ) meaning "torn." The Torah permits eating only those land animals that chew their cud and have cloven hooves . Four animals,

816-937: The Land of Israel is subjected to other requirements, such as tithing , before it may be consumed. Kosher food also distinguishes between meat and dairy products . Meat products are those that comprise or contain kosher meat, such as beef , lamb or venison , kosher poultry such as chicken, goose, duck or turkey, or derivatives of meat, such as animal gelatin ; non-animal products that are processed on equipment used for meat or meat-derived products are also considered to belong to this category. Dairy products are those which contain milk or any derivatives such as butter or cheese ; non-dairy products that are processed on equipment used for milk or milk-derived products are also considered as belonging to this category. Because of this categorization, meat and milk or their respective derivatives are not combined in kosher foods, and separate equipment for

864-567: The New Play Prize at the Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park . The prize, which funds full production of a new play each year, has become one of the most important theater honors in the U.S. The 2003 production of Carson Kreitzer 's The Love Song of J. Robert Oppenheimer , epitomizes the emerging art this prize makes possible. In the 1970s as a Planned Parenthood board member, she worked as

912-693: The Rosenthal Next Generation Theater Series at the Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park which introduces children to plays. Her work at the Cincinnati Freestore Foodbank enables distribution of fresh foods to the needy. In their effort to fund emerging artists, she and her husband sponsored a ballet called Blue Until June that was choreographed to the music of Etta James . She was the National Magazine Award, 1992 and 1995 (finalist five times). In 1997 she

960-556: The Rosey Reader Program in 1993, which distributes free books to inner-city schools. In 10 years of the Rosey Reader Program, more than 2 million books were read by students. Through the foundation in 1999, they donated $ 6 million towards the $ 35.7M Contemporary Arts Center (CAC), built in downtown Cincinnati, which is one of the museums largest donations. The CAC building was designed by celebrated architect Zaha Hadid

1008-617: The hare , hyrax , camel , and pig , are specifically identified as being forbidden because they possess only one of the above characteristics: the hare, hyrax and camel are hindgut fermenters and chew their cud but do not have cloven hooves, while the pig has a cloven hoof but does not chew its cud. The Torah lists winged creatures that may not be consumed, mainly birds of prey , fish-eating water-birds, and bats . Certain domesticated fowl can be eaten, such as chicken , geese, quail, dove , and turkey . The Torah permits only those fish which have both fins and scales to be eaten. Monkfish

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1056-627: The trachea and the esophagus , no higher than the epiglottis and no lower than where cilia begin inside the trachea, causing the animal to bleed to death. Some believe that this ensures the animal dies instantly without unnecessary suffering , but many animal-rights activists view the process as cruel, claiming that the animal may not lose consciousness immediately, and activists have called for it to be banned. Animal science researcher Temple Grandin has stated that kosher slaughter, no matter how well performed, does not result in an instantaneous loss of consciousness, whereas stunning properly with

1104-588: The Freestore Foodbank responds to the issue of poverty and food insecurity, and provides an array of services (emergency clothing, housing services, SNAP assistance, Medicaid outreach and others) aimed at creating self-reliance. The Freestore Foodbank is a member of Feeding America . The Rubber Duck Regatta, an annual rubber duck race on the Ohio River during the Cincinnati Riverfest , benefits

1152-595: The Marx Theater at The Playhouse in the Park in Cincinnati. She was survived by her husband Richard, and their children Jennie Rosenthal Berliant and David Rosenthal and many grandchildren. Kosher foods Kosher foods are foods that conform to the Jewish dietary regulations of kashrut ( dietary law ). The laws of kashrut apply to food derived from living creatures and kosher foods are restricted to certain types of mammals, birds and fish meeting specific criteria ;

1200-527: The Talmudic writers. This included eggs (including fish roe ), as well as derived products such as jelly, but did not include materials merely "manufactured" or "gathered" by animals, such as honey (although, in the case of honey from animals other than bees, there was a difference of opinion among the ancient writers). According to the rabbinical writers, eggs from ritually pure animals would always be prolate ("pointy") at one end and oblate ("rounded") at

1248-558: The age of 20, she married on December 20, 1959, to Richard H. Rosenthal . Lois made her career working closely with her husband at their family-owned publishing business, F&W Publications , working there for over 40 years. Her husband ran the publishing end of specialty books and magazines, and she edited Story , a magazine focused on new fiction. The Rosenthals sold the business in December 1999 to concentrate on their charitable foundation. In 1988 Lois and Richard Rosenthal established

1296-562: The blood". This ban and reason are listed in the Noahide Laws and twice in Leviticus as well as in Deuteronomy. Classical rabbis argued that only if it is impossible to remove every drop of blood, the prohibition against consuming blood was impractical, and there should be rare exceptions. They claimed that consuming the blood that remained on the inside of meat (as opposed to the blood on

1344-526: The center has become a mecca for emerging artists and patrons in the mid-west. In recognition for their contribution and deep involvement in its creation, the center was named The Lois and Richard Rosenthal CAC. The Rosenthal Family Foundation made a $ 2.15 million grant in 2003 to the Cincinnati Art Museum to make admission to the Eden Park art museum permanently free to all. The foundation also made

1392-533: The consumption of meat from animals who were slaughtered despite being in the process of dying from disease. This is an extension of the rules banning the meat from animals torn by beasts, and animals that die from natural causes. To comply with this Talmudic injunction against eating diseased animals, Orthodox Jews usually require that the corpses of freshly slaughtered animals be thoroughly inspected. There are 70 different traditional checks for irregularities and growths; for example, there are checks to ensure that

1440-572: The cut is too shallow, the meat is deemed non-kosher. Rabbis usually require the slaughterer, known within Judaism as a shochet , to also be a pious Jew of good character and an observer of the Shabbat . In smaller communities, the shochet was often the town rabbi, or a rabbi from a local synagogue , but large slaughterhouses usually employ a full-time shochet if they intend to sell kosher meat . The Talmud , and later Jewish authorities, also prohibit

1488-422: The exception, Jewish tradition continues to regard such milk as kosher, since statistically it is true that most animals producing such milk are kosher; the same principle is not applied to the possibility of consuming meat from an animal that has not been checked for disease. Hershel Schachter argued that with modern dairy-farm equipment, milk from the minority of non-kosher cows is invariably mixed with that of

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1536-426: The fetus is kosher even if there were problems with the slaughter. Compromises in contenence with animal-cruelty laws that prohibit such practices involve stunning the animal to lessen the suffering that occurs while the animal bleeds to death. However, the use of electric shocks to daze the animal is often not accepted by some markets as producing meat that is kosher. As forbidden fats, tendons, blood vessels and

1584-495: The flesh of any animals that do not meet these criteria is forbidden by the dietary laws. Furthermore, kosher mammals and birds must be slaughtered according to a process known as shechita and their blood may never be consumed and must be removed from the meat by a process of salting and soaking in water for the meat to be permissible for use. All plant-based products, including fruits, vegetables, grains, herbs and spices, are intrinsically kosher, although certain produce grown in

1632-477: The kosher status of the egg. The halacha varies depending on whether or not there is a possibility of the egg being fertilized. If the egg may have been fertilized, the Rishonim and Shulchan Aruch suggest a complex set of rules for determining whether the egg may be eaten; among these rules, if blood appears on the yolk, the entire egg is forbidden. To avoid the complexity of these rules, Moshe Isserles records

1680-450: The lungs have absolutely no scars , which might have been caused by an inflammation . If these checks are passed, the meat is then termed glatt ( גלאַט ), the Yiddish word meaning 'smooth'. An unusual situation is created when a live fetus is removed from a kosher slaughtered animal. The fetus is called a ben pekuah and takes the status of the mother, so that if the mother was kosher,

1728-691: The main historic emulsions used in cosmetics and in photographic film , the main coating given to medical capsule pills , and a form of food including jelly, trifle , and marshmallows; the status of gelatin in kashrut is consequently fairly controversial. Due to the ambiguity over the source of individual items derived from gelatin, many Orthodox rabbis regard it as generally being non-kosher. However, Conservative rabbis and several prominent Orthodox rabbis—including Chaim Ozer Grodzinski and Ovadia Yosef—argue that gelatin has undergone such total chemical change and processing that it should not count as meat, and therefore would be kosher. Technically, gelatin

1776-561: The majority of kosher cows, thus invalidating the permissibility of consuming milk from a large dairy operation. Many leading rabbis, however, rule milk permissible, as do major kashrut authorities. Breast milk from a woman is permitted. However, authorities assert breast milk may be consumed directly from the breasts only by children younger than four (five if the child is ill), and children older than two were only permitted to continue to suckle if they had not stopped doing so for more than three consecutive days. The situation of cheese

1824-412: The meat is placed on a slanted board or in a wicker basket, and is thickly covered with salt on each side, then left for between 20 minutes and one hour. The salt covering draws blood from the meat by osmosis , and the salt must be subsequently removed from the meat (usually by trying to shake most of it off and then washing the meat twice ) to complete the extraction of the blood. The type of salt used in

1872-423: The other, helping to reduce uncertainty about whether consumption was permitted or not. The classic rabbinical writers imply that milk from an animal whose meat is kosher is also kosher. As animals are considered non-kosher if they are discovered to have been diseased after being slaughtered, this could make their milk retroactively non-kosher. However, by adhering to the principle that the majority case overrules

1920-660: The process is known as kosher salt . Freestore Foodbank The Freestore Foodbank is the largest emergency food and services provider to children and families in Greater Cincinnati , Northern Kentucky and Southeast Indiana . The organization distributes 24 million meals annually to low-income individuals and families. The Freestore Foodbank supports 400 community partners in 20 counties throughout Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, including food kitchens, homeless shelters, emergency food pantries, social service centers and program sites. By providing emergency food distribution,

1968-492: The question of whether one must check an egg for blood spots, the Shulchan Aruch rules that one may eat hard-boiled eggs where checking is impossible. Moshe Isserles adds that checking is not required, but that a custom exists to check eggs if they are cracked during the daytime (when blood could be seen). A contemporary Ashkenazi authority writes that while " halacha does not require" checking supermarket-bought eggs, "there

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2016-482: The rennet in cheese is not kosher. Rabbeinu Tam and some of the geonim suggested that this decree does not apply in a location where cheese is commonly made with only kosher ingredients, a position that was practiced in communities in Narbonne and Italy. Many contemporary Orthodox authorities do not follow this ruling, and hold that cheese requires formal kashrut certification to be kosher; some even argue this

2064-534: The stomachs of kosher animals, if they have been slaughtered according to the laws of kashrut , can be kosher. Cheese made from plant-derived rennet can also be kosher. Many authorities require that the cheese-making process follow certain stringencies to be kosher. According to the Shulchan Aruch , a rabbinic decree (called gevinat akum ) prohibits all cheese made by non-Jews without Jewish supervision, even if its ingredients are all kosher, because very frequently

2112-417: The storage and preparation of meat-based and dairy-based foods is used in order for food to be considered kosher. Another category of kosher food, called pareve contains neither meat, milk nor their derivatives; they include foods such as fish , eggs from permitted birds , produce , grains, fruit and other edible plants. They remain pareve if they are not mixed with or processed using equipment that

2160-401: The surface of it, dripping from it, or housed within the veins) should be permitted and that the blood of fish and locusts could also be consumed. To comply with this prohibition, a number of preparation techniques became practiced within traditional Judaism. The main technique, known as meliḥah , involves the meat being soaked in water for about half an hour, which opens pores. After this,

2208-555: The use of gelatin also being a significant concern to vegans and vegetarians . Today manufacturers are producing gelatin from the skins of kosher fish, circumventing many of these problems. One of the few dietary laws appearing in Exodus prohibits eating the meat from animals that have been "torn by beasts"; a related law appears in Deuteronomy , prohibiting the consumption of anything that has died from natural causes . While this law

2256-613: Was awarded the YWCA's Career Woman of Achievement. She was named Enquirer Woman of the Year in 1999 by The Cincinnati Enquirer . In 2008, both Lois and her husband were awarded Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Cincinnati, for their patronage and philanthropy for the city of Cincinnati. She died on July 20, 2014, at the age of 75. A memorial was held for her in September 2014 at

2304-412: Was primarily intended for the priests, it applied to all Israelites (but not "strangers"). Traditional Jewish thought has expressed the view that all meat must come from animals that have been slaughtered according to Jewish law . These guidelines require the animal be killed by a single cut across the throat to a precise depth, severing both carotid arteries , both jugular veins , both vagus nerves ,

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