Romanshorn is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland .
113-611: Romanshorn was probably settled in the 7th century, and is first mentioned in 779 as Rumanishorn in a land grant from Waldrata to the Abbey of St. Gall . During the Late Middle Ages and until 1367, the bailiwick of Romanshorn was partially owned by the Landsberg family. In 1455 Abbot Kaspar Landsberg sold the Romanshorn estate to the city of St. Gallen , but his religious superiors forced
226-467: A rectory was built and a sinecure was granted. The number of Catholics slowly grew (1588 there were 2 families and in 1711 there were 36 families). The church was renovated in 1829. It remained a shared church until 1911 when a Protestant church was completed. Two years later a Catholic church was also completed. The local economy was dominated by cereal grains, horticulture and fruit growing as well as some forestry and fishing. By 1902, some wine
339-569: A copy of a Pauline epistles produced at and still held by the monastery, was included in a medieval-drawing show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York the summer of 2009. A reviewer noted that the artist had "a special talent for depicting hair, ... with the saint's beard ending in curling droplets of ink." St. Gall is noted for its early use of the neume , the basic element of Western and Eastern systems of musical notation prior to
452-424: A counter suit and in cooperation with Schwendiner rejected the arbitration efforts of the non-partisan Confederates. He motivated the clerics from Wil to Rorschach to discard their loyalty to the abbey and spoke against the abbey at the town meeting at Waldkirch, where the popular league was formed. He was confident that the four sponsoring cantons would not intervene with force, due to the prevailing tensions between
565-507: A foothold and was then exported into other languages such as Hebrew: ימת קונסטנץ yamat Konstanz and Swahili: Ziwa la Konstanz . In many languages both forms exist in parallel e.g. Romansh : Lai da Constanza and Lai Bodan , Esperanto: Konstanca Lago and Bodenlago . The poetic name, " Swabian Sea", was adopted by authors of the early modern era and the Enlightenment from ancient authors, possibly Tacitus . However, this assumption
678-425: A household made up of relatives, 55 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 277 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 2.63%. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units was 12.3 new units per 1000 residents. In 2000 there were 4,442 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size
791-773: A large peninsula, separates the Upper and Lower Lake. While in English and in the Romance languages , the lake is named after the city of Constance , the German name derives from the village of Bodman (municipality of Bodman-Ludwigshafen ), in the northwesternmost corner of the lake. Lake Constance is located along the Rhine between the Alpine Rhine , its main tributary , and the High Rhine , its outflow. It
904-401: A mission to Allgäu , Swabia. His successors were the deacon Stephen and the priest Magulfe, under whom the news of St. Gallen's miracles spread throughout most of Germany. Several different dates are given for the foundation of the monastery, including 719, 720, 747 and the middle of the 8th century. A gentleman and judge of Thurgau, Waltraf (possibly, Waltram or Gaudran), in order to use
1017-724: A treaty was drawn up between the Hohenstaufen emperor and the Lombard League . Lake Constance also played an important role as a trading post for goods being traded between German and Italian states. During the Thirty Years' War , there were various conflicts over the control of the region during the Lake War (1632–1648). After the War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802), which also affected
1130-401: Is 1,035 people or 10.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 768 people or 8.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 499 people or 5.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 103 people or 1.1% who are 90 and older. As of 2000, there were 3,858 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. In 2000 there were 942 single family homes (or 64.8% of
1243-658: Is 251.14 metres (824.0 ft) deep. The three small bays on the Vorarlberg shore have their own names: the Bay of Bregenz, off Hard and Fußach is the Bay of Fussach and, west of that is the Wetterwinkel. Farther west, now in Switzerland, is the Bay of Rorschach. To the north, on the Bavarian side, is the Bay of Reutin. The railway embankment from the mainland to the island of Lindau and
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#17328510948201356-582: Is a copy of Priscian 's Institutiones grammaticae which contains the poem Is acher in gaíth in-nocht... written in Old Irish . The library also preserves a unique 9th-century document, known as the Plan of St. Gall , the only surviving major architectural drawing from the roughly 700-year period between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the 13th century. The Plan drawn was never actually built, and
1469-613: Is also known for its intensive cultivation of fruit and vegetables . The island of Lindau is located in the east of the Obersee, and is the second largest island. On it is the old town and main railway station of Lindau. The third largest island is Mainau in the southeast of Lake Überlingen. The owners, the family of Bernadotte , have set up the island as a tourist attraction and created botanical gardens and wildlife enclosures. Relatively large, but uninhabited and inaccessible because of their status as nature reserves, are two islands off
1582-515: Is around 11,500 km (4,400 sq mi), and reaching as far south as Lago di Lei in Italy. The area of the Obersee , or Upper Lake, is 473 km (183 sq mi). It extends from Bregenz to Bodman-Ludwigshafen for over 63.3 kilometres (39.3 mi) and is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) wide between Friedrichshafen and Romanshorn . At its deepest point between Fischbach and Uttwil , it
1695-545: Is associated with the Celtic Brigantii who lived here, although it is not clear whether the place was named after the tribe or the inhabitants of the region were named after their main settlement. Ammianus Marcellinus later used the form Lacus Brigantiae . The current German name of Bodensee derives from the place name Bodman , which probably originally derived from the Old High German bodamon which meant "on
1808-490: Is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.92 km (1.13 sq mi) or 33.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.04 km (9.9 acres) or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km (4.9 acres) or 0.2% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 17.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 4.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.0%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 3.2% of
1921-750: Is the Seerhein (lit.: "Rhine of the Lake(s)"). Geographically, usually it is not considered to be part of the lake, but a very short river. The Lower Lake Constance is loosely divided into three sections around the Island of Reichenau . The two German parts, the Gnadensee (lit.: "Lake Mercy") north of the island and north of the peninsula of Mettnau (the Markelfinger Winkel ), and the Zeller See , south of Radolfzell and to
2034-488: Is the third largest freshwater lake by surface area in Central and Western Europe (and the second largest in volume), after Lake Geneva and (in surface area) Lake Balaton . It is 63 km (39 mi) long, and, nearly 14 km (8.7 mi) at its widest point. It covers about 536 km (207 sq mi), and is 395 m (1,296 ft) above sea level . Its greatest depth is 252 metres (827 ft), exactly in
2147-705: Is the Swiss peak Piz Russein of the Tödi massif of the Glarus Alps at 3,613 metres (11,854 ft) above sea level. It starts with the creek Aua da Russein (lit.: "Water of the Russein"). Lake Constance was formed by the Rhine Glacier during the Quaternary glaciation ice age and is a Zungenbecken or Tongue lake. After the end of the last glacial period , about 10,000 years ago,
2260-646: Is the Zeller See (or Zellersee in Swiss Standard German), or Lake Zell . North of the peninsula and swamp land Mettnau lies the lake part Markelfinger Winkel. The drumlins of the southern Bodanrück continue along the bed of these northern parts of the lake. South of the Reichenau, from Gottlieben to Eschenz , stretches the Rheinsee (lit.: "Rhine Lake") with strong Rhine currents in places. Previously this lake part
2373-870: The Bodemensee or Bodemsee which has finally evolved into the present German name, Bodensee . The name may be linked to that of the Bodanrück , the hill range between Lake Überlingen and the Lower Lake, and the history of the House of Bodman . The German name of the lake, Bodensee , has been adopted by many other languages, for example: Dutch: Bodenmeer , Danish: Bodensøen , Norwegian: Bodensjøen , Swedish: Bodensjön , Finnish: Bodenjärvi , Russian: Боденское озеро , Polish: Jezioro Bodeńskie , Czech: Bodamské jezero , Slovak: Bodamské jazero , Hungarian: Bodeni-tó , Serbo-Croatian: Bodensko jezero , Albanian: Liqeni i Bodenit . After
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#17328510948202486-587: The Codices Electronici Sangallenses webpage. The library interior is exquisitely realised in the Rococo style with carved polished wood, stucco and paint used to achieve its overall effect. It was designed by the architect Peter Thumb and is open to the public. In addition it holds exhibitions as well as concerts and other events. One of the more interesting documents in the Stiftsbibliothek
2599-578: The Council of Constance in the 15th century, the alternative name Lacus Constantinus was used in the (Roman Catholic) Romance language area. This name, which had been attested as early as 1187 in the form Lacus Constantiensis , came from the town of Konstanz at the outflow of the Rhine from the Obersee, whose original name, Constantia, was in turn derived from the Roman emperor, Constantius Chlorus (around 300 AD). Hence
2712-571: The Hallstatt period is attested by grave mounds , which today are usually found in forests where they have been protected from the destruction by agriculture. Since the late Hallstatt period, the peoples living on Lake Constance are referred to as the Celts . During the La Tène period from 450 BC, the population density decreases, as can be deduced partly due from the fact that no more grave mounds were built. For
2825-614: The Mesolithic period (Middle Stone Age, 8,000–5,500 BC) frequented the area without settling, however. Only hunting camps have been confirmed. The earliest Neolithic farmers, who belonged to the Linear Pottery culture , also left no traces behind, because the Alpine foreland lay away from the routes along which they had spread during the 6th millennium BC. This changed only in the middle and late Neolithic when shore settlements were established,
2938-735: The Radolfzeller Aach . The source of the Radolfzeller Aach is the Aachtopf , a karst spring whose waters mostly derive from the Danube Sinkhole . Therefore, the Danube is indirectly also a tributary of the Rhine. Because the Alpine Rhine brings with it drift from the mountains and deposits this material as sediment , the Bay of Bregenz will silt up in a few centuries time. The silting up of
3051-580: The Wollmatinger Ried : the Triboldingerbohl which has an area of 13 ha (32 acres) and Mittler or Langbohl which is just three hectares (7.4 acres) in area. Smaller islands in the Obersee are: In the Untersee are: In Lake Constance there are several peninsulas which vary greatly in size: The shores of Lake Constance consist mainly of gravel. In some places there are also sandy beaches, such as
3164-459: The imperial immediacy ( Reichsunmittelbarkeit ) of the abbey, that this conflict ceased. The abbey became an Imperial Abbey ( Reichsabtei ). King Louis the German confirmed in 833 the immunity of the abbey and allowed the monks the free choice of their abbot. In 854 finally, the Abbey of St Gall reached its full autonomy by King Louis the German releasing the abbey from the obligation to pay tithes to
3277-438: The primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 2,137 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 90 businesses in this sector. 3,085 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 345 businesses in this sector. In 2000 there were 5,805 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 2,038 or about 35.1% of the residents worked outside Romanshorn while 2,820 people commuted into
3390-491: The voter turnout was 42.9%. The historical population is given in the following table: The Old Paritätische Church, Harbor, Catholic Church of St Johannes der Täufer are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire village of Romanshorn is listed in the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . As of 2007, Romanshorn had an unemployment rate of 3.13%. As of 2005, there were 81 people employed in
3503-516: The Appenzell nobility in the Rhine Valley who were concerned about their holdings. The town of St. Gallen wanted to restrict the increase of power in the abbey and simultaneously increase the power of the town. The mayor of St. Gallen , Ulrich Varnbüler , established contact with farmers and Appenzell residents (led by the fanatical Hermann Schwendiner ) who were seeking an opportunity to weaken
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3616-633: The Austrian state of Vorarlberg . The actual locations of the country borders within the lake are disputed. The Alpine Rhine forms, in its original course ( Alter Rhein ), the Austro-Swiss border and flows into the lake from the south. The High Rhine flows westbound out of the lake and forms (with the exception of the Canton of Schaffhausen , Rafzerfeld and Basel-Stadt ) the German-Swiss border as far as to
3729-526: The Bishop of Constance. From this time until the 10th century, the abbey flourished. It was home to several famous scholars, including Notker of Liège , Notker the Stammerer , Notker Labeo , Tuotilo and Hartker (who developed the antiphonal liturgical books for the abbey). During the 9th century a new, larger church was built and the library was expanded. Manuscripts on a wide variety of topics were purchased by
3842-586: The Confederation and the Swabian League . He was strengthened in his resolve by the fact that the people of St. Gallen elected him again to the highest magistrate in 1490. However, in early 1490 the four cantons decided to carry out their duty to the abbey and to invade the St. Gallen canton with an armed force. The people of Appenzell and the local clerics submitted to this force without noteworthy resistance, while
3955-627: The French: Lac de Constance , Italian: Lago di Costanza , Portuguese: Lago de Constança , Spanish: Lago de Constanza , Romanian: Lacul Constanța , Greek: Λίμνη της Κωνσταντίας – Limni tis Konstantias . The Arabic, بحيرة كونستانس buħaira Konstans and the Turkish, Konstanz gölü , probably go back to the French form of the name. Even in Romance-influenced English the name "Lake Constance" gained
4068-581: The German-speaking part of Europe. As of 2005 , the library consists of over 160,000 books, of which 2100 are handwritten. Nearly half of the handwritten books are from the Middle Ages and 400 are over 1000 years old. Lately the Stiftsbibliothek has launched a project for the digitisation of the priceless manuscript collection, which currently (December 2009) contains 355 documents that are available on
4181-707: The Obersee and Untersee still formed a single lake. The downward erosion of the High Rhine caused the lake level to gradually sink and a sill, the Konstanzer Schwelle , to emerge. The Rhine, the Bregenzer Ach , and the Dornbirner Ach carry sediments from the Alps to the lake, thus gradually decreasing the depth and reducing the extension of the lake in the southeast. In antiquity, the two lakes had different names; later, for reasons which are unknown, they came to have
4294-496: The Obersee are (counterclockwise) the Dornbirner Ach , Bregenzer Ach , Leiblach , Argen , Schussen , Rotach , Brunnisach , Seefelder Aach , Stockacher Aach , Salmsacher Aach , the Aach near Arbon , Steinach , Goldach and the Old Rhine . The outflow of the Obersee is the Seerhein , which in turn is the main tributary of the Untersee. The most important tributary of the Untersee is
4407-437: The Rhine boundary in the 3rd century BC, the Alemanni gradually settled on the north shore of Lake Constance and, later, on the south bank as well. After the introduction of Christianity , the cultural significance of the region grew as a result of the founding of Reichenau Abbey and the Bishopric of Constance . Under the rule of the Hohenstaufens , Imperial Diets ( Reichstage ) were held by Lake Constance. In Constance, too,
4520-435: The St. Gall School was founded. Otmar extended St. Gall's original hermit cell and adopted the Carolingian style for his building projects. The abbey grew quickly; many Alemannic noblemen entered to become monks and arts, letters and sciences flourished. The register of monastic professions, at the end of abbot Otmar's rule makes mentions of 53 names. Two monks of the Abbey of St Gall, Magnus of Füssen and Theodor, founded
4633-422: The Upper Lake Constance hardly targeting the Überlinger See , into the Seerhein in the town of Konstanz , then through the Rheinsee virtually without feeding both German parts of the Lower Lake, and finally feeds the start of the High Rhine in Swiss town Stein am Rhein . The lake itself is an important source of drinking water for southwestern Germany. The culminating point of the lake's drainage basin
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4746-421: The Upper Lake runs approximately along the line between the southeast tip of Bodanrück (the Hörnle , which belongs to the town of Konstanz) and Meersburg. The Constance Hopper lies between the German and Swiss shores east of Konstanz . The Obersee and Untersee are connected by the Seerhein . The Untersee , or Lower Lake, which is separated from the Obersee and from its north-west arm, the Überlinger See, by
4859-462: The Voigt Pharmaceutical company was founded in Romanshorn, which grew to be a world-wide pharmaceutical shipping company, and employ about 250 people in 2008. Other well-known companies include Biro (Plastics), the engineering Hydrel (including hydraulic, pneumatic) and the Asco Kohlensäure AG. On 30 August 1912 an ex-soldier and local resident named Hermann Schwarz went on a shooting spree that left seven people dead and several others wounded. After
4972-433: The abbey and copies were made. Over 400 manuscripts from this time have survived and are still in the library today. Between 924 and 933 the Magyars threatened the abbey and the books had to be removed to Reichenau for safety. Not all the books were returned. On 26 April 937 a fire broke out and destroyed much of the abbey and the adjoining settlement, though the library was undamaged. About 954 they started to protect
5085-400: The abbey resulted in the demolition of most of the medieval monastery. The new structures, including the cathedral by architect Peter Thumb (1681–1766), were designed in the late Baroque style and constructed between 1755 and 1768. The large and ornate new abbey did not remain a monastery for very long. In 1798 the Prince-Abbot's secular power (the last to hold the title was Pankraz Vorster )
5198-419: The abbey was raided by Calvinist groups, which scattered many of the old books. In 1530, abbot Diethelm began a restoration that stopped the decline and led to an expansion of the schools and library. Under abbot Pius Reher (1630–54) a printing press was started. In 1712 during the Toggenburg war, also called the second war of Villmergen , the Abbey of St. Gall was pillaged by the Swiss . They took most of
5311-412: The abbot's reliance on the Swiss to support him reduced his position almost to that of a "subject district". The town adopted the Reformation in 1524, while the abbey remained Catholic, which damaged relations between the town and abbey. Both the abbot and a representative of the town were admitted to the Swiss Tagsatzung or Diet as the closest associates of the Confederation. In the 16th century
5424-458: The abbot. Initially, he protested to the abbot and the representatives of the four sponsoring Confederate cantons (Zürich, Lucerne, Schwyz, and Glarus) against the construction of the new abbey in Rorschach. Then on July 28, 1489, he had armed troops from St. Gallen and Appenzell destroy the buildings already under construction. When the abbot complained to the Confederates about the damages and demanded full compensation, Varnbüler responded with
5537-431: The alms and collections that were being given at St. Gall's tomb to found a more regular monastery, attracted a local Alemannic pastor Otmar . Waltraf went to see Charles Martel , gave him the property of the hermitage, and asked him to give the administration of it to Otmar . Charles agreed and sent Otmar the finances to build a monastery. After the death of Charles Martel, his son Pepin continued to support them. On
5650-412: The amount of trade and traffic over Lake Constance, this led to serious confusion. Public clocks in harbors used three different clock faces, depending on the destinations offered by the boat companies. In 1892, all German territories used CET , the Austrian railways had already introduced CET the previous year and Switzerland followed in 1894. Because traffic timetables had not been yet updated, CET became
5763-434: The annual Festival of Nations has taken place every June. In 2004 there was erected a statue of Moc moc by Swiss artist group Com&Com (de) . Abbey of St. Gall The Abbey of Saint Gall ( German : Abtei St. Gallen ) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland . The Carolingian-era monastery existed from 719, founded by Saint Othmar on
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#17328510948205876-400: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.3%. Out of the forested land, 21.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 32.6% is used for growing crops, while 8.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. The municipality is located in the Arbon district, on Lake Constance . It consists of
5989-424: The books and manuscripts to Zürich and Bern . For security, the abbey was forced to request the protection of the townspeople of St. Gallen. Until 1457 the townspeople had been serfs of the abbey, but they had grown in power until they were protecting the abbey. Following the disturbances, the abbey was still the largest religious city-state in Switzerland, with over 77,000 inhabitants. A final attempt to expand
6102-420: The cable production. By 1985, the company produced 2,000 tonnes of steel wire and had 85 employees. From the pharmacy of Max Zeller, which opened in 1864 and sold the famous Zeller balm, the company Max Zeller & Sons developed. In 2008, this pharmaceutical company employed just under 100 employees. Opened in 1892, by 1980 the Swiss Alcohol Board possessed a capacity of 30 million liters of alcohol. In 1904,
6215-413: The city of Basel . The Leiblach forms the Austria–Germany border east of the lake. The most populous towns on the Upper Lake are Constance ( German : Konstanz ), Friedrichshafen , Bregenz , Lindau , Überlingen and Kreuzlingen . The largest town on the Lower Lake is Radolfzell . The largest islands are Reichenau in the Lower Lake, and Lindau and Mainau in the Upper Lake. Bodanrück ,
6328-444: The city of St. Gallen braced for a fight to the finish. However, when they learned that their compatriots had given up the fight, they lost confidence; the result was that they concluded a peace pact that greatly restricted the city's powers and burdened the city with serious penalties and reparations payments. Varnbüler and Schwendiner fled to the court of King Maximilian and lost all their property in St. Gallen and Appenzell. However,
6441-432: The courts to repeal the sale. Until 1798, the Abbey of St. Gall owned the taxation, appellate court and the homage rights (mostly in Täschlishusen at Häggenschwil) with the remaining sovereignty owned by the County of Thurgau. In 779 a church was mentioned in Romanshorn. In 1275, the records of the church indicate that the Provost was paid 16 pounds. In 1480 St. Gallen incorporated a church in Romanshorn. The church
6554-399: The cultural silver age of the monastery. In 1207, abbot Ulrich von Saxwas raised to the rank of Prince ( Reichsfürst , or simply Fürst ) of the Holy Roman Empire by King Philip of Germany . The abbey became a Princely Abbey ( Reichsabtei ). As the abbey became more involved in local politics, it entered a period of decline. The city of St. Gallen proper progressively freed itself from
6667-475: The entire Lake Constance is estimated to take another ten to twenty thousand years. The outflow of the Untersee is the High Rhine with the Rhine Falls at Schaffhausen . Both the average precipitation of 0.45 km /a and evaporation which averages 0.29 km /a cause a net change in the level of Lake Constance that is less when compared to the influence of the inflows and outflows. Further quantities of lake water are extracted by municipal waterworks around
6780-417: The first time, written reports on Lake Constance have survived. Thus, we learn that the Helvetians settled by the lake in the south, the Rhaetians in the area of the Alpine Rhine Valley and the Vindelici in the north-east. The most important places on the lake were Bregenz (Celtic Brigantion ) and today's Constance . In the course of the Roman Alpine campaign of 16/15 BC, the Lake Constance region
6893-420: The first time. The most important Roman site was Bregenz, which soon became subject to Roman municipal law and later became the seat of the Prefect of the Lake Constance fleet. The Romans were also in Lindau , but settled only on the hills around Lindau as the lakeshore was swampy. Other Roman towns were Constantia (Constance) and Arbor Felix ( Arbon ). After the borders of the Roman Empire were drawn back to
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#17328510948207006-477: The gender distribution of the population was 48.6% male and 51.4% female. The population was made up of 3,231 Swiss men (34.0% of the population), and 1,383 (14.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 3,669 Swiss women (38.7%), and 1,207 (12.7%) non-Swiss women. In 2008 there were 48 live births to Swiss citizens and 27 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 89 deaths of Swiss citizens and 6 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration,
7119-486: The invention of five-line staff notation. The earliest extant manuscripts are from the 9th or 10th century. In 1983, the Convent of St. Gall was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "a perfect example of a great Carolingian monastery". There were a total of 73 ruling abbots (including six anti-abbots) between 719 and 1805. A complete collection of abbots' biographies was published by Henggeler (1929). A table of abbots' names complete with their coats of arms
7232-419: The lake and the water company of Bodensee-Wasserversorgung . In Lake Constance there are ten islands that are larger than 2,000 m (22,000 sq ft). By far the largest is the island of Reichenau in the Untersee, which belongs to the municipality of Reichenau . The former abbey of Reichenau is a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its three early and highly medieval churches. The island
7345-419: The lake in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . Between 1869 and 1976, there used to be train ferries . From the 2000 census, 3,220 or 35.5% are Roman Catholic, while 3,297 or 36.3% belong to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there are 6 Old Catholics (or about 0.07% of the population) who belong to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland , there are 171 individuals (or about 1.88% of
7458-443: The lake(s) ' ). These waterbodies lie within the Lake Constance Basin ( Bodenseebecken ) in the Alpine Foreland through which the Rhine flows. The nearby Mindelsee is not considered part of Lake Constance. The lake is situated where Germany , Switzerland , and Austria meet. Its shorelines lie in the German states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria ; the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen , Thurgau , and Schaffhausen ; and
7571-410: The large peninsula of Bodanrück , has an area of 63 km (24 sq mi). It is strongly characterised and divided into different areas by end moraines , various glacial snouts and medial moraines . These various areas of the lake have their own names. North of Reichenau Island is the Gnadensee . West of the island of Reichenau, between the peninsula of Höri and the peninsula of Mettnau
7684-499: The larger rivers, especially that of the Alpine Rhine. The silting up process is accelerated by ever-increasing erosion by the Rhine and the associated reduction in the level of the lake. The main tributary of Lake Constance is the Alpine Rhine . The Alpine Rhine and the Seerhein do not mix greatly with the waters of the lake and flow through the lakes along courses that change relatively little. There are also numerous smaller tributaries (236 in all). The most important tributaries of
7797-402: The late 14th and early 15th centuries, the farmers of the abbot's personal estates (known as Appenzell , from Latin : abbatis cella meaning "cell (i.e. estate) of the abbot") began seeking independence. In 1401, the first of the Appenzell Wars broke out, and following the Appenzell victory at Stoss in 1405 they became allies of the Swiss Confederation in 1411. During the Appenzell Wars,
7910-487: The middle of the Upper Lake. Its volume is about 48 km (12 cu mi). The lake has two parts. The main east section, called Obersee or "Upper Lake", covers about 473 square kilometres (183 sq mi), including its northwestern arm, the Überlinger See (61 km (24 sq mi)), and the smaller west section, called Untersee or "Lower Lake", with an area of about 63 square kilometres (24 sq mi). The connection between these two lakes
8023-450: The middle of the former Duchy of Swabia , which also included parts of today's Switzerland. Today the name Swabian Sea ( Schwäbisches Meer ) is only used jocularly as a hyperbolic term for Lake Constance. No Paleolithic finds have been made in the immediate vicinity of the lake, because the region of Lake Constance was long covered by the Rhine Glacier . The discovery of stone tools ( microliths ) indicate that hunters and gatherers of
8136-754: The monasteries in Kempten and Füssen in the Allgäu . With the growth in the number of monks the abbey also grew economically stronger. Much land in Thurgau , Zürichgau and in the rest of Alemannia as far as the Neckar was donated to the abbey by means of Stiftungen . Under abbot Waldo of Reichenau (740–814) copying of manuscripts was undertaken and a famous library was gathered. Numerous Anglo-Saxon and Irish monks came to copy manuscripts. At Charlemagne 's request Pope Adrian I sent distinguished cantors from Rome, who instructed
8249-408: The monastery and buildings by a surrounding wall. Around 971/974 abbot Notker (about whom almost nothing is known; nephew of Notker Physicus ) finalized the walling and the adjoining settlements started to become the town of St Gall. In 1006, the abbey was the northernmost place where a sighting of the 1006 supernova was recorded. The death of abbot Ulrich II on 9 December 1076 terminated
8362-579: The monks in the use of the Gregorian chant . In 744, the Alemannic nobleman Beata sold several properties to the abbey in order to finance his journey to Rome. In the subsequent century, St. Gall came into conflict with the nearby Bishopric of Constance which had recently acquired jurisdiction over the Abbey of Reichenau on Lake Constance . It was not until Emperor Louis the Pious (ruled 814–840) confirmed in 813
8475-512: The motorway bridge over the lake border the so-called Little Lake ( Kleiner See ), which is located between the Lindau village of Aeschach and the island. The northwestern, finger-shaped arm of the Obersee is called Überlinger See (or Überlingersee in Swiss Standard German ), or Lake Überlingen . It is sometimes regarded as a separate lake, the boundary between Lake Überlingen and the rest of
8588-679: The municipality for work. There were a total of 6,587 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 12% used public transportation to get to work, and 40.4% used a private car. Romanshorn railway station , opened in 1855, forms the junction between the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway , the Schaffhausen–Rorschach railway and the Romanshorn–Nesslau Neu St. Johann railway . A car ferry connects Romanshorn with Friedrichshafen across
8701-610: The name appears in its Latinised form lacus potamicus . Therefore, the name actually derived from the Bodman Pfalz (Latinized as Potamum ) was wrongly assumed by monastic scholars like Walahfrid Strabo to be derived from the Greek word potamos for "river" and meant "river lake". They may also have been influenced by the fact that the Rhine flowed through the lake. Wolfram von Eschenbach describes it in Middle High German as
8814-447: The northwest of the Reichenau island, and the mainly Swiss Rheinsee (lit.: "Lake Rhine") – not to be mistaken for the Seerhein (lit.: "Rhine of the Lake(s)") at its start – to the south of the island and with its southwestern arm leading to its effluent in Stein am Rhein . The water of the regulated Alpine Rhine flows into the lake in the southeast near Bregenz , Austria, then through
8927-437: The people venerated him as a saint and prayed at his tomb for his intercession in times of danger. Following Gallus' death, his disciples remained living together in his cell and followed the rule of St. Columban, which combined prayer, work of the hands, reading, and teaching. They aided and taught virtue to the many pilgrims who came to St. Gall's tomb. St. Magnus was the first successor of St. Gallen, but he soon left on
9040-438: The population of Swiss citizens decreased by 41 while the foreign population increased by 21. There were 14 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 6 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 65 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 60 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources)
9153-505: The population) did not answer the question. In Romanshorn about 61.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Romanshorn is home to the Romanshorn primary school district . It is also home to the Romanshorn-Salmsach secondary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there are 731 students in
9266-531: The population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 292 individuals (or about 3.22% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 1,002 (or about 11.04% of the population) who are Islamic . There are 87 individuals (or about 0.96% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 679 (or about 7.48% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 322 individuals (or about 3.55% of
9379-429: The primary school district. There are 185 children in the kindergarten , and the average class size is 18.5 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 80 or 43.2% are female, 84 or 45.4% are not Swiss citizens and 86 or 46.5% do not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and lasts for 6 years. There are 272 children in who are at the lower primary level and 274 children in
9492-402: The recommendation of his brother Carloman , who had visited this monastery on his way to Italy, Pepin gave the monastery privileges, letters of protection, and an assured income. Pepin placed the rule of St. Benedict in the hands of St. Otmar (to be substituted for that of St. Columban). Otmar (or Othmar) is named as the founder and the first abbot of the Abbey of St. Gall. During his abbacy
9605-573: The region and during which Austrian and French flotillas operated on Lake Constance, there was a reorganisation of state relationships. Lake Constance is located in the foothills of the Alps . The shore length of both main lakes is 273 kilometres (170 mi) long. Of this, 173 kilometres (107 mi) are located in Germany ( Baden-Württemberg 155 kilometres or 96 miles, Bavaria 18 kilometres or 11 miles), 28 kilometres (17 mi) run through Austria and 72 kilometres (45 mi) through Switzerland. If
9718-470: The rule of the abbot, acquiring Imperial immediacy , and by the late 15th century was recognized as a Free imperial city . By about 1353 the guilds , headed by the cloth-weavers guild, gained control of the civic government. In 1415 the city bought its liberty from the German king King Sigismund . During the 14th century Humanists were allowed to carry off some of the rare texts from the abbey library. In
9831-620: The same name. In the 19th century, there were five different local time zones around Lake Constance. Constance, belonging to the Grand Duchy of Baden , adhered to Karlsruhe time, Friedrichshafen used the time of the Duchy of Württemberg , in Lindau, the Bavarian Munich time was observed, and Bregenz used Prague time, while the Swiss shore used Berne time. One would have needed to travel only 46 kilometres (29 mi) to visit five time zones. Given
9944-502: The seat of the Diocese of Saint Gallen . Since 1983 the abbey precinct has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Around 612 Gallus , according to tradition an Irish monk and disciple and companion of Saint Columbanus , established a hermitage on the site that would become the monastery. He lived in his cell until his death in 646, and was buried there in Arbon (Canton of Thurgau). Afterwards,
10057-404: The secondary school district there are 366 students. At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. There are 181 teenagers who are in the advanced school, of which 108 or 59.7% are female, 29 or 16.0% are not Swiss citizens and 33 or 18.2% do not speak German natively. There are 163 teenagers who are in
10170-441: The shooting he was examined by several psychiatrists and was found to suffer from mental illness, resulting in his acquittal due to insanity. He was ordered to be institutionalized for the rest of his life. Romanshorn has an area, as of 2009, of 8.75 square kilometers (3.38 sq mi). Of this area, 3.61 km (1.39 sq mi) or 41.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.11 km (0.81 sq mi) or 24.1%
10283-465: The so-called pile dwelling and wetland settlements , which have now been uncovered mainly on Lake Überlingen, the Constance Hopper and on the Obersee. At Unteruhldingen , a pile dwelling village has been reconstructed, and now forms an open air museum. In 2015, a 20 km line of about 170 man-made under-water stone mounds [ de ] dated in the neolithic period or early Bronze Age
10396-504: The soils", indicating a place on level terrain by the lake. This place, situated at the west end of Lake Überlingen ( Überlinger See ), had a more supraregional character for a certain period in the early Middle Ages as a Frankish imperial palace ( Königspfalz ), Alamannian ducal seat and mint , which is why the name may have been transferred to the lake ("lake, by which Bodman is situated" = Bodmansee ). From 833/834 AD, in Latin sources,
10509-490: The sole valid time around and on Lake Constance in 1895. The earliest recorded reference to the lakes is by Roman geographer Pomponius Mela around 43 AD, calling the upper lake Lacus Venetus and the lower lake Lacus Acronius , the Rhine passing through both. Around 75 AD, The naturalist Pliny the Elder called them both Lacus Raetiae Brigantinus after the main Roman town on the lake, Brigantium (later Bregenz). This name
10622-513: The spot where Saint Gall had erected his hermitage . It became an independent principality between 9th and 13th centuries, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe. The library of the Abbey is one of the oldest monastic libraries in the world. The city of St. Gallen originated as an adjoining settlement of the abbey. The abbey was secularized around 1800, and in 1848 its former church became St. Gallen Cathedral ,
10735-416: The standard school, of which 74 or 45.4% are female, 70 or 42.9% are not Swiss citizens and 76 or 46.6% do not speak German natively. Finally, there are 22 teenagers who are in special or remedial classes, of which 11 or 50.0% are female, 12 or 54.5% are not Swiss citizens and 16 or 72.7% do not speak German natively. The average class size for all classes at the secondary level is 19.11 students. Since 1999
10848-495: The total) out of a total of 1,454 inhabited buildings. There were 160 two family buildings (11.0%), 137 three family buildings (9.4%) and 215 multi-family buildings (or 14.8%). There were 2,232 (or 24.6%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 4,585 (or 50.5%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 473 (or 5.2%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 44 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 46 persons who lived in
10961-451: The town of St. Gallen became officially free from the abbot. In 1468 the abbot, Ulrich Rösch , bought the County of Toggenburg from the representatives of its counts, after the family died out in 1436. In 1487 he built a monastery at Rorschach on Lake Constance , to which he planned to move. However, he encountered stiff resistance from the St. Gallen citizenry, other clerics, and
11074-471: The town of St. Gallen often sided with Appenzell against the abbey. So when Appenzell allied with the Swiss, the town of St. Gallen followed just a few months later. The abbot became an ally of several members of the Swiss Confederation ( Zürich , Lucerne , Schwyz and Glarus ) in 1451, while Appenzell and St. Gallen became full members of the Swiss Confederation in 1454. Then, in 1457,
11187-644: The upper and lower lakes are combined, Lake Constance has a total area of 536 km (207 sq mi), the third largest lake in Central Europe by area after Lake Balaton (594 km or 229 sq mi) and Lake Geneva (580 km or 220 sq mi). It is also the second largest by water volume (48.5 km or 11.6 cu mi or 39,300,000 acre⋅ft ) after Lake Geneva (89 km or 21 cu mi or 72,000,000 acre⋅ft) and extends for over 69.2 kilometres (43.0 mi) between Bregenz and Stein am Rhein . Its catchment area
11300-428: The upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school is 19.52 students. At the lower primary level, there are 118 children or 43.4% of the total population who are female, 116 or 42.6% are not Swiss citizens and 117 or 43.0% do not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there are 146 or 53.3% who are female, 98 or 35.8% are not Swiss citizens and 102 or 37.2% do not speak German natively. In
11413-540: The village of Romanshorn and the hamlets of Holzenstein, Hotterdingen, Reckholdern, Riedern and Spitz. Most of the surrounding hamlets have grown together with Romanshorn. Romanshorn has a population (as of December 2020) of 11,327. As of 2008, 27.3% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 0.8%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (83.7%), with Albanian being second most common ( 3.3%) and Italian being third ( 2.9%). As of 2008,
11526-591: Was an increase of 56 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 114 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.8%. The age distribution, as of 2009, in Romanshorn is; 837 children or 8.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,158 teenagers or 12.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 1,272 people or 13.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,109 people or 11.5% are between 30 and 39, 1,486 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 1,339 people or 13.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution
11639-675: Was based on an error (similar to that of the Teutoburg Forest and the Taunus ): the Romans sometimes used the name Mare Suebicum for the Baltic Sea , not Lake Constance. In times when the Romans had located the so-called " Suebi ", then an Elbe Germanic tribe near a sea, this was understandable. The authors of the Early Modern Period overlooked this and adopted the name for the largest lake in
11752-498: Was being produced as well. The steamboats , which had operated out of Uttwil since 1824, moved to Romanshorn in 1832. However, the village didn't begin to grow until 1844 when the Canton of Thurgau built a port and the postal route to Swabia ran through Romanshorn. In 1855 the railway line Zurich-Romanshorn opened, and in 1856 a telegraph cable was laid across the lake. The rail line (rail ferry) from Lindau to Romanshorn opened in 1869,
11865-584: Was discovered on the south-west shore of the lake between Bottighofen and Romanshorn. Grave finds from Singen am Hohentwiel date to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age and shore settlements were repeatedly built during the Neolithic Period and the Bronze Age (up to 800 BC). During the following Iron Age the settlement history is interrupted. The settlement of the shore of Lake Constance during
11978-591: Was expanded in 1504. Then, in 1525 the Protestant Reformation entered Romanshorn and much of the population converted. The federally. In 1588, the Reformed priest in Salmsach was appointed to care for Romanshorn as well. The church remained a filial church until the creation of the Romanshorn-Salmsach parish . It wasn't until 1567 that the abbot appointed a Roman Catholic priest to Romanshorn. The next year,
12091-464: Was expanded in 1945 and in 1976 was replaced by car ferries. Between 1869 and 1871, the Northeastern Railway line Rorschach -Romanshorn- Constance opened. Then, in 1910 a railway line to St. Gallen was added. Romanshorn's strategic position after 1850 attracted commercial and industrial businesses. The Fatzer company, founded in 1836, initially produced cords and ropes. In 1895 it moved to
12204-572: Was integrated into the Roman Empire . During the campaign, there was also supposed to have been a battle on Lake Constance . The geographer, Pomponius Mela , makes the first mention in 43 AD of Lake Constance as two lakes – the Lacus Venetus (Upper Lake) and the Lacus Acronius (Untersee) – with the Rhine flowing through both. Pliny the Elder referred to Lake Constance as Lacus Brigantinus for
12317-407: Was named Lake Bernang after the village of Berlingen . On most of the maps the name of the Rheinsee is not shown, because this place is best suited for the name of the Untersee. The present-day shape of Lake Constance has resulted from the combination of several factors: Like any glacial lake, Lake Constance will also silt up by sedimentation . This process can best be observed at the mouths of
12430-425: Was printed by Beat Jakob Anton Hiltensperger in 1778. Lake Constance Lake Constance ( German : Bodensee , pronounced [ˈboːdn̩zeː] ) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps : Upper Lake Constance ( Obersee ), Lower Lake Constance ( Untersee ), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ( lit. ' Rhine of
12543-519: Was so named because it was kept at the famous medieval monastery library, where it remains to this day. The plan was an ideal of what a well-designed and well-supplied monastery should have, as envisioned by one of the synods held at Aachen for the reform of monasticism in the Frankish empire during the early years of emperor Louis the Pious (between 814 and 817). A late 9th-century drawing of Paul lecturing an agitated crowd of Jews and gentiles, part of
12656-431: Was suppressed, and the abbey was secularized . The monks were driven out and moved into other abbeys. The abbey became a separate See in 1846, with the abbey church as its cathedral and a portion of the monastic buildings for the bishop . The Abbey library of Saint Gall is recognized as one of the richest medieval libraries in the world. It is home to one of the most comprehensive collections of early medieval books in
12769-585: Was the 4 room apartment of which there were 1,448. There were 171 single room apartments and 495 apartments with six or more rooms. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 35.31% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (16.03%), the CVP (14.78%) and the FDP (13.58%). In the federal election, a total of 2,450 votes were cast, and
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