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79-585: Ricardians are people who dispute the negative posthumous reputation of King Richard III of England (reigned 1483–1485). Richard III has long been portrayed unfavourably, most notably in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , in which he is portrayed as murdering his 12-year-old nephew Edward V to secure the English throne for himself. Ricardians believe these portrayals are false and politically motivated by Tudor propaganda . Ricardians accept as facts: that first

158-443: A bad online reputation, they can easily change their pseudonym, new accounts on sites such as eBay or Amazon are usually distrusted. If an individual or company wants to manage their online reputation, they will face many more difficulties. According to one study, 84% of responding business leaders saw the greatest reputation threat online to companies as negative media coverage. The next two greatest threats are customer complaints in

237-455: A bit further, may actually be in the phase of initiating it. Gossip can also be used as an identifier only – as when gossiping about unreachable icons , like royalty or showbiz celebrities – useful only to show the gossiper belongs to the group of the informed ones. While most cases seem to share the characteristic of being primarily used to predict future behavior, they can have, for example, manipulative sub-goals, even more important than

316-468: A brand or product on the Internet, on Facebook , Twitter , blogs, and other social networking sites and websites. Online reputation can be evaluated by how well it is managed . This form of reputation is usually called web or digital reputation to distinguish it from online reputation. Indeed, digital or web reputation does not concern the virtual online reputation only, but the whole real reputation of

395-426: A candidate's social networking profiles on sites such as Facebook , Twitter , and MySpace , employers gain insight into a candidate's character and suitability for a job. Some individuals and organizations hire reputation management companies to attempt to hide truthful but unflattering information about themselves. A recent alleged example is that of Dr. Anil Potti , who resigned from Duke University after it

474-421: A company's reputation but could be the reputation of an individual, country, brand , political party , industry . But the key point in reputation is not what the leadership insists but what others perceive it to be. For a company, its reputation is how esteemed it is in the eyes of its employees , customers , investors , talent , prospective candidates, competitors , analysts , alumni , regulators and

553-408: A company's reputation could also influence the decisions and perceptions of its managers; in some cases, reputation can promote the use of risk-reduction strategies by managers as they seek to preserve the reputation they have cultivated. In other cases, researchers argue that reputation can embolden managers to take risks in areas unrelated to their reputation, since stakeholders may be focused on

632-474: A company's reputation for honesty or safety may cause serious damage to finances. For example, in 1999 Coca-Cola lost $ 60 million (by its own estimate) after schoolchildren reported suffering from symptoms like headaches , nausea and shivering after drinking its products. Although most companies see reputation management as a central part of a CEO's role, managing reputation involves a set of ongoing activities that are best managed when they are delegated to

711-441: A company, it takes a lot of time and effort to address individual-direct responses. One study showed that "...72% of customers expect a reply within one hour." In order to best recover from negative complaints on social media, it is important for a company to prove its authenticity by providing more specific answers directly to its critics. A corporate reputation can be managed, accumulated and traded in for trust, legitimization of

790-437: A new lexical item , image , whose character should be immediately evident and is clearly linked to reputation. Image is a global or averaged evaluation of a given target on the part of an agent. It consists of (a set of) social evaluations about the characteristics of the target. Image as an object of communication is what is exchanged in examples 1 and 2, above. In the second case, we call it third-party image. It may concern

869-421: A person or a company as it is affected by the Internet. Online reputation, furthermore, should not be confused with a company's digital identity . An online reputation is the perception that one generates on the Internet based on their digital footprint . Digital footprints accumulate through all of the content shared, feedback provided, and information that is created online. Due to the fact that if someone has

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948-445: A position of power and social recognition, and people are prepared to pay a premium price for goods and services offered, which in turn generates higher customer loyalty, a stronger willingness from shareholders to hold on to shares in times of crisis, and greater likelihood to invest in the company's stock. Therefore, reputation is one of the most valuable forms of "capital" of a company. "Delivering functional and social expectations of

1027-652: A significant motivation for contributing to online communities . Individuals employ monitoring to ensure that they keep up with their online reputation. Given the number of sites on the Internet, it is impossible to manually monitor the entire web for pages that may affect one's online reputation. Free tools such as Google Alerts can be used to keep track of online reputations on a small scale, while larger businesses and clients may use more powerful analytics to monitor online interactions and mentions. Paid tools for online reputation management focus on either brand protection or online reputation. These tools track mentions of

1106-767: A specific individual in the organization. This is why some companies have created the position of chief reputation officer (CRO). A growing number of people in the business world now have the word "reputation" in their titles – including Dow Chemical , SABMiller , Coca-Cola , Allstate , Repsol YPF , Weber Shandwick , and GlaxoSmithKline (although no longer). Hoover's shows a list of such officers. Social media like Twitter, Linked In, and Facebook have made it increasingly important for companies to monitor their online reputations in order to anticipate and respond to criticisms of their actions. There are two main routes that customers can take when complaining about companies: individual-direct response or broadcast-based response. For

1185-422: A subset of the target's characteristics, i.e., its willingness to comply with socially accepted norms and customs, or its skills (ways), or its definition as pertaining to a precise agent. Indeed, we can define special cases of image, including third-party image, the evaluation that an agent believes a third party has of the target, or even shared image, that is, an evaluation shared by a group . Not even this last

1264-797: A suburb of Birmingham . She taught physical training at various schools in England and Scotland and during her vacations worked at a convalescent home in Inverness as a Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse. A youthful romance ended with her soldier friend's death in the Somme battles. In 1923, she returned to Inverness permanently to care for her invalid mother, and stayed after her mother's death that year to keep house for her father. The curriculum for "physical training" included much more than athletics. Tey used her school experience in Miss Pym Disposes when describing

1343-780: A violent end on 22 August 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth ; the last battle of the War of the Roses . In the aftermath of the battle, Richard III's body was not given a proper state funeral, and the location of his remains was soon forgotten; there was even a belief, now proved false, that they had been thrown into the River Soar in Leicester following the Dissolution of the Monasteries . Ricardians assert that many of

1422-654: A writer. Her first published work was in The Westminster Gazette in 1925, under the name Gordon Daviot. She continued publishing verse and short stories in The Westminster Review , The Glasgow Herald and the Literary Review . Her first novel, Kif: An Unvarnished History , was well received at the time with good reviews, a sale to America, and a mention in The Observer ' s list of Books of

1501-516: A year-long run. The production made a household name of its young leading man and director, John Gielgud (who became MacKintosh's life-long friend). (Tey writes of Inspector Alan Grant that "he had in his youth seen Richard of Bordeaux ; four times he had seen it".) She stated she was inspired by Gielgud's performance in Hamlet and by the Royal Tournament . Two more of her plays were produced at

1580-406: Is a ubiquitous , spontaneous , and highly efficient mechanism of social control . It is a subject of study in social, management , and technological sciences . Its influence ranges from competitive settings, like markets, to cooperative ones, like firms, organizations, institutions and communities. Furthermore, reputation acts on different levels of agency: individual and supra-individual. At

1659-512: Is a believed, social, meta-evaluation; it is built upon three distinct but interrelated objects : In fact, reputation is a highly dynamic phenomenon in two distinct senses: it is subject to change, especially as an effect of corruption, errors, deception , etc.; and it emerges as an effect of a multi-level bidirectional process. Reputation is also how others know and perceive you as an individual. While image only moves (when transmitted and accepted) from one individual cognition to another,

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1738-419: Is a reflection of companies' culture and identity . Also, it is the outcome of managers' efforts to prove their success and excellence. It is sustained through acting reliably, credibly, trustworthily and responsibly in the market. It can be sustained through consistent communication activities both internally and externally with key stakeholder groups. This directly influences a public company's stock prices in

1817-435: Is an intangible asset and a source of competitive advantage against rivals because the company will be viewed as more reliable, credible, trustworthy and responsible to its employees, customers, shareholders and financial markets. In addition, according to MORI 's survey of about 200 managers in the private sector, 99% responded that the management of corporate reputation is very (83%) or fairly (16%) important. Reputation

1896-414: Is considered important in business , politics , education , online communities , and many other fields, and it may be considered as a reflection of a social entity's identity . Since 1980, the study of 'corporate reputation' has attracted growing scholarly attention from economics, sociology, and management. The concept of reputation has undergone substantial evolution in the academic literature over

1975-523: Is furthermore influenced by culture , as nationalities differ with regard to how valued specific aspects of the company's brand identity are in the respective national culture (e.g. environmental concerns or work ethics) as well as with regard to popular cultural dimensions (e.g. Hofstede ). Subsequently, these differences impact the success of reputation transfer significantly. The cognitive view of reputation has become increasingly prominent in reputation research. It has led to improved understanding of

2054-497: Is important to clarify the meaning of reputation. Organizations frequently make missteps that cause them to lose the positive regard of stakeholders. In the wake of studies addressing the disproportionate penalties that accrue to high reputation firms when they make such missteps, reputation researchers have proposed models to account for both reputation damage and reputation repair, summarizing prior work in disciplines including economics, marketing, accounting, and management. In

2133-408: Is more powerful because it may not even be perceived by the individual to whom it sticks, and consequently it is out of the individual's power to control and manipulate. More simply speaking for those who want a working definition of reputation, reputation is the sum of impressions held by a company 's stakeholders . In other words, reputation is in the "eyes of the beholder". It need not be just

2212-404: Is often considered to be a pragmatic evaluation – actors determine whether the target of the evaluation can be seen as useful to them. Until recently, the relationships with these adjacent constructs were merely theoretical; that is, they were not formally tested or empirically validated for their " nomological relationships" with these other, related constructs. Myriad reputation studies from

2291-444: Is reputation, since it tries to define too precisely the mental status of the group. Reputation , as distinct from image, is the process and the effect of transmitting a target image. We call reputation transmission a communication of an evaluation without the specification of the evaluator, if not for a group attribution, and only in the default sense discussed before. This covers the case of example 3 above. More precisely, reputation

2370-703: Is the first appearance of her detective, Inspector Alan Grant . It would be some years before she wrote another mystery. MacKintosh's real ambition had been to write a play which would receive a run in London's West End . Her play Richard of Bordeaux was produced in 1932 at the Arts Theatre , under the Daviot pseudonym. Its success was such that it transferred to the New Theatre (now the Noël Coward Theatre ) in 1933, for

2449-419: Is the most frequent form of referral. All examples concern the evaluation of a given object (target), a social agent (which may be either individual or supra-individual, and in the latter case, either a group or a collective), held by another social agent, the evaluator. The examples above can be turned into more precise definitions using the concept of social evaluation . At this point, we can propose to coin

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2528-679: The Crime Writers' Association in 1990 as the greatest crime novel of all time. Her first play Richard of Bordeaux , written under another pseudonym , Gordon Daviot , starred John Gielgud in its successful West End run. MacKintosh was born in Inverness , the oldest of three daughters of Colin MacKintosh, a fruiterer, and Josephine ( née Horne). She attended Inverness Royal Academy and then, in 1914, Anstey Physical Training College in Erdington ,

2607-685: The Golden Age of Detective Fiction and contemporary crime novels, because "Tey opened up the possibility of unconventional secrets. Homosexual desire, cross-dressing, sexual perversion – they were all hinted at, glimpsed in the shadows as a door closed or a curtain twitched. Tey was never vulgar nor titillating.... Nevertheless, her world revealed a different set of psychological motivations." In 2019, Evie Jeffrey discussed Tey's engagement with capital punishment debates in A Shilling for Candles and To Love and Be Wise . All as Josephine Tey except where specified All as Josephine Tey. These novels are set in

2686-466: The National Trust . In 1990, The Daughter of Time was selected by the Crime Writers' Association as the greatest crime novel of all time ; The Franchise Affair was 11th on the same list of 100 books. In 2015, Val McDermid argued that Tey "cracked open the door" for later writers such as Patricia Highsmith and Ruth Rendell to explore the darker side of humanity, creating a bridge between

2765-583: The Princes in the Tower . The Franchise Affair also has an historical context: although set in the 1940s, it is based on the 18th-century case of Elizabeth Canning . The Daughter of Time was the last of Tey's books published during her lifetime. Her last work, a further crime novel, The Singing Sands , was found in her papers and published posthumously. Tey was intensely private, shunning all publicity throughout her life. During her last year, when she knew that she

2844-400: The anonymous character of reputation makes it a more complex phenomenon. Reputation proceeds from the level of individual cognition (when is born, possibly as an image, but not always) to the level of social propagation (at this level, it not necessarily believed as from any specific agent) and from this level back to individual cognition again (when it is accepted). Moreover, once it gets to

2923-415: The attitudes other actors have about some socially desirable behaviour , be it cooperation, reciprocity , or norm -compliance. Reputation plays a crucial role in the evolution of these behaviours: reputation transmission allows socially desirable behaviour to spread. Rather than concentrating on the property only, the cognitive model of reputation accounts not only for reputation-formation but also for

3002-557: The interest (s) of each stakeholder group carefully. Therefore, it becomes essential to integrate public relations into corporate governance to manage the relationships between these stakeholders which will enhance the organization's reputation. Corporations or institutions which behave ethically and govern in a good manner build reputational capital which is a competitive advantage . A good reputation enhances profitability because it attracts customers to products, investors to securities and employees to its jobs. A company's reputation

3081-416: The 1980s to the 2000s demonstrated that a company's reputation was positively related to various performance measures, such as financial success and profitability. However, more recent work demonstrated that reputation can be both "a benefit and a burden", suggesting that "the bigger you are, the harder you (might) fall" with respect to reputation. Relatedly, researchers have theorized or demonstrated that

3160-595: The MBE in recognition of their services to "the Exhumation and Identification of Richard III" ( London Gazette ) in the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours . In 2022 the story of Philippa Langley and the rediscovery of Richard III.’s remains were made into the feature film The Lost King directed by Stephen Frears . The Foundation is a US educational organization. The aims of the Foundation are to study, share and stimulate interest in

3239-575: The New Theatre, The Laughing Woman (1934) and Queen of Scots (1934, written in collaboration with Gielgud). She wrote about a dozen one-act plays and another dozen full-length plays, many with biblical or historical themes, under the name of Gordon Daviot but none of these received notable success. How she chose the name of Gordon is unknown, but Daviot was the name of a scenic locale near Inverness where she had spent many happy holidays with her family. Only four of her plays were produced during her lifetime. Her only non-fiction book, Claverhouse ,

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3318-716: The Week. This work, inspired by a detachment of the 4th Cameron Highlanders , a Scottish Territorial battalion stationed at Inverness before the First World War and prominent in the city's affairs, was an early indication of Tey's lasting interest in military matters. Three months later, her first mystery novel, The Man in the Queue , was published by Benn, Methuen. It was awarded the Dutton Mystery Prize when published in America. This

3397-430: The benefit of all their "stakeholders," not just their shareholders . Stakeholders of a company include any individual or group that can influence or is influenced by a company's practices. The stakeholders of a company can be suppliers , consumers , employees, shareholders, financial community, government , and media . Companies must properly manage the relationships between stakeholder groups and they must consider

3476-512: The best places to work, the best business schools, or the most innovative companies. These rankings are explicit orderings of corporate reputations, and the relative positions of companies on these rankings reflect their relative performance on various cognitive attributes. Corporate reputations are found to influence the attractiveness of ranked companies as suppliers of products, as prospective employers, and as investments. For those reasons, companies themselves have become increasingly involved with

3555-611: The brilliance of the Elizabethan era two generations earlier". The Richard III Society was founded in 1924 by Liverpool surgeon Samuel Saxon Barton (1892-1957) as The Fellowship of the White Boar, Richard's badge and a symbol of the Yorkist army in the Wars of the Roses . Its membership was originally a small group of interested amateur historians whose aim was to bring about a re-assessment of

3634-424: The context of brand extension strategies, many companies rely on reputation transfer as a means of transferring the good reputation of a company and its existing products to new markets and new products. Consumers who are already familiar with other products of an established brand , exhibiting customer satisfaction and loyalty, will more easily accept new products of the same brand. In contrast to brand extension,

3713-402: The expression "it is said that John Smith is a cheater" is intrinsically a reputation spreading act, because on one hand it refers to a (possibly false) common opinion, and on the other the very act of saying "it is said" is self-assessing, since it provides at least one factual occasion when that something is said, because the person who says so (the gossiper), while appearing to spread the saying

3792-468: The financial market. Therefore, this reputation makes a reputational capital that becomes a strategic asset and advantage for that company. As a consequence, public relations must be used in order to establish long lasting relationships with the stakeholders, which will enhance the reputation of the company. Reputation models can be placed in a broader framework that distinguishes reputation from its underlying causes and from its consequences. This approach

3871-411: The forecast. In the case of a communication between two parties, one (the advisee) that is requesting advice about the potential for danger in a financial transaction with another party (the potential partner, target), and the other (the adviser, evaluator) that is giving advice . Roughly speaking, the advice could fall under one of the following three categories : Note the care to maintain

3950-423: The general concept of reputation transfer also requires the transfer of a company's values and identity to the new products and/or services and the related brands when entering new markets. It is important, however, to pay attention to the image fit between preexisting and new brands, for this factor has been proven to be critical for the success of brand extensions. In contrast to the special case of brand extension,

4029-430: The general concept of reputation transfer also requires the transfer of the values and identity of a company to the new products and/or services and the related brands when entering new markets. A strong image might therefore even hamper the introduction of new product lines if customers do not associate the competences relevant to the new market/category/product line with the existing company or brand. A company's reputation

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4108-556: The life and times of King Richard III and the Wars of the Roses. Its website states, "The Foundation seeks to challenge the popular view of King Richard III by demonstrating through rigorous scholarship that the facts of Richard’s life and reign are in stark contrast to the Shakespearian caricature." Their aim is to identify and translate documents and texts that shed new insight into this important period of history. The Plantagenet Alliance

4187-422: The list goes on. Online reputation is a factor in any online community where trust is important. Examples include eBay , an auction service that uses a system of customer feedback to publicly rate each member's reputation, or Amazon.com , which has a similar review system. One study found that a good reputation added 7.6% to the price received. In addition, building and maintaining a good reputation can be

4266-419: The media or on grievance sites online (71%) and negative word of mouth (54%). This negative word of mouth could come not only from dissatisfied customers but from employees as well. With the power of business review websites and customer forums, a company's online reputation can be damaged anonymously. Employers have begun using the online reputations of job applicants to guide their hiring choices. By checking

4345-465: The mystery novels, all of which except the first she wrote under the name of Tey, the hero is Scotland Yard Inspector Alan Grant . (Grant appears in a sixth, The Franchise Affair , as a minor character.) The best known of these is The Daughter of Time , in which Grant, laid up in hospital, has friends research reference books and contemporary documents so that he can puzzle out the mystery of whether King Richard III of England murdered his nephews,

4424-644: The original assumptions about Richard III's motives and likely responsibility relating to these events were not supported by the facts of the day, that these assumptions were most probably instead the result of the political claims of his successors, and that they were most probably mistaken assumptions. The two most notable societies of Ricardians are the Richard III Society, and the Richard III Foundation, Inc. A third much smaller Ricardian organisation, composed of "collateral descendants" of Richard III,

4503-560: The past several decades. Terminology such as reputation, branding, image and identity is often used interchangeably in both the popular press and – until recently – in the academic literature, as well. The academic literature has generally settled on a small cluster of perspectives on "what reputation is" in a company context. Economists use game-theory to describe corporate reputations as strategic signals that companies use to convey to markets some of their qualities and abilities. Sociologists view corporate reputation as descriptions of

4582-431: The population level, reputation gives rise to a further property at the agent level. It is both what people think about targets and what targets are in the eyes of others. From the very moment an agent is targeted by the community , his or her life will change whether he or she wants it or not or believes it or not. Reputation has become the immaterial, more powerful equivalent of a scarlet letter sewed to one's clothes. It

4661-450: The possible levels of truth (the adviser declares – but could be lying – it believes – but could be wrong – etc..). The cases are listed, as it is evident, in decreasing order of responsibility. While one could feel most actual examples fall under the first case, the other two are not unnecessarily complicated nor actually infrequent. Indeed, most of the common gossip falls under the third category, and, except for electronic interaction , this

4740-553: The practice of reputation management . Like any social construct, reputation is similar to (i.e., convergent with) certain concepts and different (i.e., discriminant ) from others. Reputation can be compared to other "social evaluation" or "social judgment" constructs. For instance, reputation is said to be convergent with adjacent concepts like corporate image, identity, celebrity, status, legitimacy, social approval (likability), and visibility (prominence), but discriminant from related constructs like stigma and infamy. Reputation

4819-476: The propagation of reputation. To model this aspect, it is necessary to specify and develop a more refined classification of reputation. In informal settings, gossip , although vague, may contain precious hints both to facts ("I've been told this physician has shown questionable behavior") and to conflicts taking place at the information level (if a candidate for a role spreads defamatory information about another candidate, whom should you trust?). Moreover,

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4898-510: The public on the one hand and manage to build a unique identity on the other hand creates trust and this trust builds the informal framework of a company. This framework provides "return in cooperation" and produces reputation capital . A positive reputation will secure a company or organisation long-term competitive advantages. The higher a company's reputation capital, the lower the costs of supervising and exercising control." According to stakeholder theory , corporations should be managed for

4977-498: The relative status that companies occupy in an institutional field of rivals and stakeholders. Management scholars describe corporate reputations in one of two main ways, including: In practice, corporate reputations are revealed by the relative rankings of companies created and propagated by information intermediaries. For example, business magazines and newspapers such as Fortune , Forbes , Business Week , Financial Times , and The Wall Street Journal regularly publish lists of

5056-485: The reputation itself and inattentive to other areas of the company. Many organizations create public relations and corporate communication departments dedicated to assisting companies with reputation management. In addition, many public relations and consulting firms claim expertise in reputation management . The growth of the public relations industry has largely been due to the rising demand for companies to establish credibility and reputation. Incidents which damage

5135-476: The reputation of Richard III. The society became moribund during the Second World War . In 1951, Josephine Tey published her detective novel The Daughter of Time , in which Richard's guilt is examined and doubted. In 1955, Laurence Olivier released his film of Shakespeare's Richard III , which at the beginning admitted that the play was based on legend, and a sympathetic, detailed biography of Richard

5214-504: The review and publication of many articles and documents regarding Richard's reign, which have contributed to the scholarship of latter 15th-century England . After their discovery, Richard III's remains were first scientifically evaluated, then formally re-interred within the interior of Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015. Their re-interment occurred amidst days of solemn ceremonies and pageantry. Ricardian historiography includes works by Horace Walpole and by Sir George Buck , who

5293-435: The role played by reputation in a number of practical domains and scientific fields. In the study of cooperation and social dilemmas , for instance, the role of reputation as a partner selection mechanism started to be appreciated in the early 1980s. Working toward such a definition, reputation can be viewed as a socially transmitted meta- belief (i.e., belief about belief) that is a property of an agent, that results from

5372-528: The society established the Richard III and Yorkist History Trust , a registered charity, to advance research and publication related to the history of late medieval England. The society publishes a scholarly journal, The Ricardian . In 2012, the society, working in partnership with the University of Leicester and Leicester City Council , exhumed a skeleton at the site of the former Greyfriars Church that

5451-588: The subjects taught at the school, and the types of bruises and other injuries sustained by the pupils. When she graduated, Tey worked in a physiotherapy clinic in Leeds , then taught in schools, first in Nottinghamshire , then in Oban , where she was injured when a boom in the gymnasium fell on her face. Tey repurposed this incident as a method of murder in Miss Pym Disposes . While caring for her father she began her career as

5530-427: The supra-individual level, it concerns groups, communities, collectives and abstract social entities (such as firms, corporations, organizations, countries, cultures and even civilizations). It affects phenomena of different scales, from everyday life to relationships between nations. Reputation is a fundamental instrument of social order , based upon distributed, spontaneous social control . The concept of reputation

5609-509: The young king Edward V was placed under the protection of his uncle Richard III; that Richard III himself was then crowned as the new king instead of young Edward V; and finally that the young king disappeared at some point over the coming years, never to be seen again. However, they dispute the initial common assumption by many, that Richard III was personally responsible for the disappearance (or perhaps murder) of Edward V. Richard III's reign lasted for only two years, and his short reign came to

5688-474: Was a grouping of 15 individuals who claimed to be "collateral [non-direct] descendants" of Richard III, and have been described as a "Ricardian fan club". The group, formed for the purpose, unsuccessfully campaigned during 2013 and 2014 to have Richard re-interred at York Minster rather than Leicester Cathedral , believing that that was his wish. During the campaign, the group failed to attract enough support to petition parliament. Reputation Reputation

5767-403: Was discovered that he had misrepresented himself on his resume and became the subject of a scientific misconduct investigation. Josephine Tey Elizabeth MacKintosh (25 July 1896 – 13 February 1952), known by the pen name Josephine Tey , was a Scottish author. Her novel The Daughter of Time , a detective work investigating the death of the Princes in the Tower , was chosen by

5846-628: Was later confirmed to be that of the King. Philippa Langley , the secretary of the Scottish Branch of the Richard III Society, inaugurated the quest for King Richard's lost grave as part of her ongoing research into the controversial monarch. Her project marked the first-ever search for the grave of an anointed King of England, and in 2013 was made into an acclaimed TV documentary Richard III: King In A Car Park by Darlow Smithson Productions for Channel 4. Philippa Langley and John Ashdown-Hill were awarded

5925-418: Was published by Paul Murray Kendall , all of which went some way towards re-invigorating the society. The Fellowship of the White Boar was renamed The Richard III Society in 1959. In 1980, Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester , became the society's Patron . (Richard III was Duke of Gloucester before ascending the throne, therefore he was before his accession (Prince) Richard, Duke of Gloucester). In 1986,

6004-592: Was terminally ill, she resolutely avoided all her friends as well. Her ultimate work, The Privateer (1952), was a romantic novel based on the life of the privateer Henry Morgan . She died of liver cancer at her sister Mary's home in London on 13 February 1952. Most of her friends, including Gielgud, were unaware that she was even ill. Her obituary in The Times appeared under her real name: "Miss E. Mackintosh Author of 'Richard of Bordeaux'". Proceeds from Tey's estate, including royalties from her books, were assigned to

6083-473: Was the Plantagenet Alliance . In 2012 the Richard III Society was instrumental in leading an archaeological effort to positively locate and identify the long-lost remains of Richard III, which resulted in the discovery and retrieval of the remains from beneath a Leicester car park. Subsequently, much popular historical interest was generated in this historical period. Such historical interest resulted in

6162-604: Was the king's first defender, after the Tudor period. Ricardian fiction includes Josephine Tey 's The Daughter of Time and Sharon Kay Penman 's The Sunne in Splendour . Elizabeth George writes of the fictional discovery of an exonerating document in her short story "I Richard". Science fiction writer Andre Norton , in the 1965 novel Quest Crosstime , depicted an alternate history in which Richard III won at Bosworth and turned out to be one of England's greatest kings, "achieving

6241-432: Was written as a vindication of John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee , whom she regarded as a libeled hero: "It is strange that a man whose life was so simple in pattern and so forthright in spirit should have become a peg for every legend, bloody or brave, that belonged to his time." MacKintosh's best-known books were written under the name of Josephine Tey, which was the name of her Suffolk great-great grandmother. In five of

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