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52-641: The retriever's willingness to please, patient nature and trainability have made breeds such as the Labrador retriever and Golden retriever popular as a disability assistance dog . The outstanding reputation of the retriever has landed both the Labrador and the Golden retriever among the top 10 best dogs for children and families around the world. To carry out the duties of a gun dog, a retriever should be trained to perform these tasks: Although most individual retrievers have

104-456: A 4.14 odds ratio. Some studies report a predilection for Labrador Retriever bitches. The reason for the predilection is unknown. Ideas proposed include it being hereditary or environmental. The Labrador Retriever also shows a predisposition to other hepatobiliary diseases, including: reactive hepatitis, nodular hyperplasia , and gall bladder disease . A UK study found the breed's average life expectancy to be 13.1 years. A joint study by

156-538: A competition for pedigree dogs aged between six and 18 months, and the National Junior Handling UK final, as well as agility competitions and displays by police and other dog teams. There are also a large number of trade stalls. It is popular, with the 2012 event drawing a crowd of over 30,000. From 2000 to 2012, Discover Dogs also hosted the finals of the Scruffts Family Crossbreed of

208-540: A deep chest, fine legs, and short and smooth coat, and did not carry its tail as highly as the Newfoundland. Hawker distinguishes the Newfoundland from both the "proper Labrador" and St. John's breed of these dogs in the fifth edition of his book Instructions to Young Sportsmen , published in 1846. By 1870 the name Labrador Retriever had become common in England. The liver (now usually called chocolate) Labrador emerged in

260-565: A high success rate at becoming guide dogs. A study published in 2006, tested the suitability of four different breeds (Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever/Golden Retriever Mix, and German Shepherds) as guide dogs. In this experiment, German Shepherds had the highest chance of not completing it. Labrador Retrievers and the Labrador Retriever/Golden Retriever Crossbreeds had the highest success rate. However, German Shepherds and Golden Retrievers had

312-499: A higher success rate after going through longer training than the training required for Labrador Retrievers. The Labrador Retriever is a gun dog bred to retrieve on land and water. As a dog specially bred for water retrieving, the Labrador has developed various traits for this job. For retrieving the Labrador Retriever has a soft mouth , a trait that allows it to carry game and waterfowl without damaging it. And for swimming,

364-502: A large collection of canine artwork, including 130 oil paintings,100 works on paper, nearly 100 engravings and prints, and the same number of sculptures and trophies. The collection is still being added to. Various exhibitions are held covering a variety of breeds, such as English Setters , Gordon Setters , and Irish Setters . To gain more awareness of the collection available at the art gallery, it sometimes stages exhibitions at art and design fairs. Former Kennel Club chairman Ronnie Irving

416-743: A response to the report. Pedigree Dogs Exposed producer Jemima Harrison condemned the Kennel Club's response, stating that they are downplaying the criticism of the Kennel Club in the report and misrepresenting the findings. In April 2013, it was announced that the ABS scheme had secured recognition by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS). Various changes were made to the scheme to gain accreditation, which included ensuring inspections were made of all new members' premises and that those who were already members would be checked within

468-518: A small flat with only three rooms. All business was conducted from there until a move to Pall Mall in May 1877. It was decided they would be responsible for publishing a Stud Book and the first volume was published and ready to be distributed in December 1874. It listed pedigrees of dogs competing at shows from 1859 and also included a "Code of Rules for the guidance of Dog Shows and Field trials" Shirley

520-510: A three-year time period. In January 2010, Prof. Sir Patrick Bateson had advocated seeking UKAS accreditation in his Independent Inquiry into Dog Breeding. In February 2013, the Kennel Club launched a programme called "Get Fit With Fido", which encouraged dog owners to lose weight by exercising with their dogs. The organisation was criticised in an August 2008 BBC programme Pedigree Dogs Exposed for allowing breed standards, judging standards and breeding practices which are said to compromise

572-544: A working farm), moorland, and woodland. A gamekeeper is employed, enabling gun dogs to engage in shooting parties, whilst the farm has a population of sheep, enabling sheepdog breeds to be trained and demonstrated. The Kennel Club registration system divides dogs into seven breed groups . The Kennel Club Groups are: Hound group, Working group, Terrier group, Gundog group, Pastoral group, Utility group and Toy group. As of 2021 , The Kennel Club recognised 222 breeds of dog. The Kennel Club licenses dog shows throughout

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624-552: A £1.5 million interest free loan was granted to the AHT to enable it to complete the building and equipping of a new animal cancer treatment and research centre at its base in Suffolk . The AHT also regularly receives funding to enable work to continue at the Genetics Centre run in conjunction with the Kennel Club. The sum of £250,000 was donated to the Genetics Centre in 2010. During 2010,

676-507: Is a British breed of retriever gun dog . It was developed in the United Kingdom from St. John's water dogs imported from the colony of Newfoundland (now a province of Canada ), and was named after the Labrador region of that colony. It is among the most commonly kept dogs in several countries, particularly in the European world. The Labrador is friendly, energetic, and playful. It

728-515: Is located at the club's headquarters in Mayfair, London. The gallery is devoted to fine art about dogs and features themed exhibitions, as well as a permanent collection. Artists in the collection include Maud Earl , George Earl , Richard Ansdell , Arthur Wardle and Cecil Aldin . The gallery is open only by appointment. The art gallery opened in 2003 and was the idea of former Kennel Club Chairman John McDougall. The Kennel Club had accumulated quite

780-693: Is quoted as saying "The great thing about the Kennel Club Art Gallery is that it's a way of encouraging those people interested in dogs to learn a bit more about art and those people interested in art to do likewise about dogs." The Accredited Breeder Scheme was launched in 2004 but was later renamed as the Assured Breeder scheme (ABS). As the ABS membership grew, a number of regional advisors were recruited to inspect breeders' premises and paperwork to ensure adequate standards were being met. Breed specific recommendations were added to some breeds for

832-574: Is the most popular dog by ownership in Canada , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . In 2006 both the United Kingdom and the United States, there are well over twice as many registered Labradors as the next most popular breed. If the comparison is limited to dog breeds of a similar size, then there are around 3–5 times as many Labradors registered in both countries as the next most popular breeds,

884-610: Is used in water rescue/ lifesaving . It continues in that role today, along with the Leonberger , Newfoundland and Golden Retriever dogs; they are used at the Italian School of Canine Lifeguard. Labradors have been used as war dogs . During the Vietnam War they were used as scout dogs to track down dead or wounded soldiers or enemy positions. Labrador Retrievers have a predisposition to chronic hepatitis . One UK study found

936-564: The Charity Commission in May 1988. The Duchess of Cornwall became the first patron of the Trust in October 2007 when it celebrated its twentieth anniversary. The Kennel Club makes many donations to charitable causes, with grants totalling over £10 million between the club's foundation and 2020. The Animal Health Trust (AHT) has frequently received donations from the Kennel Club and, in 2012,

988-669: The Earl of Malmesbury , the Duke of Buccleuch , the Earl of Home , and Sir John Scott . Early writers have confused the Labrador with the much larger Newfoundland and the Lesser Newfoundland , with Charles St. John even referring to the Lesser Newfoundland as the Newfoundland. Colonel Peter Hawker describes the first Labrador as being not larger than an English Pointer , more often black than other colours, long in its head and nose with

1040-583: The Fédération Cynologique Internationale . The Kennel Club was founded on 4 April 1873 after Sewallis E. Shirley became frustrated by trying to organise dog shows without a consistent set of rules. Since the first dog show in 1859, shows had become increasingly popular. Shirley is listed as an exhibitor of Fox Terriers at the Birmingham Dog Show Society show in 1865. Together with a group of other gentlemen, he organised

1092-465: The German shepherd dog and Golden retriever . They are the most popular breed of assistance dog in the United States, Australia, and many other countries, as well as being widely used by police and other official bodies for their detection and working abilities. Approximately 60–70% of all guide dogs in the United States are Labradors. In 2022 Labrador Retrievers were the second most popular breed in

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1144-622: The National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham , where it still takes place. From originally being a show for the exhibition of purebred dogs, it has expanded over the years and now incorporates most other canine disciplines such as Obedience , Agility , and Flyball . Initially the Discover Dogs event was staged as a part of Crufts dog show, but as its popularity increased it became a stand-alone event. Established in 1996, it gives

1196-474: The conformation show bred (bench-bred) lines of this breed in the United States and are based on the American Kennel Club standard. Significant differences between UK and US standards are noted. The tail and coat are designated "distinctive [or distinguishing] features" of the Labrador by both the Kennel Club and AKC. The AKC adds that the "true Labrador Retriever temperament is as much a hallmark of

1248-537: The melanistic mask , and one was homozygous . Within this breed, the trait cannot be determined simply by appearance. As a result of specialised breeding, there are significant differences between field and trial-bred and show-bred lines of Labradors. In the United States, the former are sometimes mistakenly referred to as "American" and the latter as "English", in fact, both field and show types are bred in both countries and all Labrador Retrievers are descended from British lines. Labrador Retrievers have proven to have

1300-546: The 5th Duke and the 10th Earl of Home. The offspring are the ancestors of all modern Labradors. The Labrador breed dates back to at least the 1830s, when St. John's water dogs bred by European settlers in Newfoundland were first introduced to Britain from ships trading between Canada and Poole in Dorset . These were then bred with British hunting dogs to create what became known as the Labrador Retriever. Its early patrons included

1352-778: The BBC did not give the Kennel Club "a proper opportunity to respond" to allegations that the club was "eugenicist" and (per Ofcom's characterisation of the programme's allegations) that it "shared a common ideology with Nazi racial theory ", nor to an allegation that it covered up the nature of an operation carried out on a Crufts Best in Show winner. Due to the strong public response, the Kennel Club started rolling out new health plans. Breed standards for every breed went under review and show judges would be required to choose only healthy dogs. New breed standards were announced in January 2009 and close inbreeding

1404-546: The First Grand Exhibition of Sporting and Other Dogs held at Crystal Palace in June 1870. The show was not a financial success and the organisers had to make up the loss. This seems to have been the trigger for Shirley to call a meeting with 12 others who had an interest in judging and exhibiting pedigree dogs. The meeting, in 1873, agreed to set up the Kennel Club. It was held at 2 Albert Mansions, Victoria Street, London,

1456-584: The KC not just with the few that decide to join the Accredited Breeder Scheme (ABS)." The Inquiry believes that ultimately The Kennel Club can win back trust by showing that they are willing to take responsibility for dogs registered with them and that they are willing to lose members who do not meet high standards. The report warned that if the health measures implemented by the Kennel Club fails, government regulations might be necessary. The Kennel Club issued

1508-645: The Kennel Club Charitable Trust had provided almost £800,000 to help non-pedigree as well as pedigree organisations. The Kennel Club Charitable Trust also funded a new building at the National Agricultural Centre, Stoneleigh Park , Kenilworth , which was opened by Prince Michael of Kent in February 2009. The facilities are used for various canine related competitions, training, seminars and charity events. The Kennel Club Dog Art Gallery

1560-513: The Labrador is aided by fully webbed paws, an otter-like tail, and a waterproof coat. The high intelligence, initiative and self-direction of Labradors in working roles is exemplified by dogs such as Endal , who was trained to, if need be, put his human who uses a wheelchair in the recovery position, cover him with a blanket, and activate an emergency phone. A number of Labradors have also been taught to assist their owner in removing money and credit cards from ATMs with prior training. The breed

1612-500: The Royal Veterinary College study and The University of Sydney, concluded that chocolate-coloured Labradors have a shorter average life expectancy than other colours of Labrador (by about 10%) and are more likely to suffer some health problems. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 11 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found that 25% of Labrador Retrievers died by

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1664-541: The UK, but the only dog show it actually runs is Crufts . The show has been held since 1928 and attracts competitors from all over the world. It is held every March at the NEC , Birmingham, and includes the less formal Scruffts show for crossbreed and mixed-breed dogs. The Kennel Club also holds the Discover Dogs event in London every autumn. The Kennel Club is a non-member partner with

1716-402: The United Kingdom. It is the oldest recognised kennel club in the world. Its role is to oversee various canine activities including dog shows , dog agility and working trials. It also operates the national register of pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom and acts as a lobby group on issues involving dogs in the UK. To celebrate its 150th anniversary on 5 April 2023, King Charles III confirmed

1768-537: The United States. In 2020 the Labrador was the most popular registered dog breed in New Zealand. Seven out of the thirteen "outstanding gundogs " of the Australian National Kennel Council 's 2000–2005 appointees to its 'hall of fame' are Labradors. Notable labradors within various categories include: The Kennel Club The Royal Kennel Club ( KC ) is the official kennel club of

1820-514: The Year competition for mixed-breed dogs . Since 2013, this has been held in conjunction with the main Crufts show. The Kennel Club Charitable Trust is a dog charity that looks after the welfare and health of dogs. They fund a wide variety of work, including supporting research into canine diseases, dog welfare organisations and the promotion of service dogs . Set up in 1987, it was first registered with

1872-450: The absence of part or all of the proopiomelanocortin gene. The Labrador Retriever is one of the more commonly affected breeds for progressive rod-cone degeneration . An autosomal recessive mutation in the PRCD gene is responsible for the condition in the breed. The Labrador is an exceptionally popular dog. As of 2006, it was widely considered the most popular breed in the world, and it

1924-624: The administrative offices, and charitable trust headquarters. The third site is Stoneleigh Park in Warwickshire, where the Kennel Club Building consists of a restaurant, an educational centre, and showground facilities. The fourth location is near Hexham , Northumberland, and is named the Emblehope and Burngrange Estate. It is the KC's centre of excellence for working dogs, and consists of 7,550 acres of assorted terrains including farmland (with

1976-495: The age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10. Labradors are somewhat prone to hip and elbow dysplasia , especially in larger dogs. Eye diseases may include progressive retinal atrophy , cataracts , corneal dystrophy and retinal dysplasia . They can suffer from exercise induced collapse, which causes hyperthermia, weakness, collapse, and disorientation after short bouts of exercise, or from obesity , which in some cases may be partly due to

2028-418: The breed as the 'otter' tail." Labradors are registered in three colours: Solid black , yellow (anything from creamy white to fox-red), and chocolate (medium to dark brown; originally called "liver"). Puppies of all colours can occur in the same litter . Coat colour is determined primarily by three genes, called MC1R , Agouti , and CBD103 . If a dog carries wild type alleles at all three loci,

2080-516: The club with a 'royal' prefix. The Kennel Club has four principal physical locations. Its headquarters are on Clarges Street in Mayfair , London , incorporating a private members' club (with bar, lounge, and dining facilities), meeting and conference rooms, art gallery, library, picture library, and a residential apartment for the use of the Chairman. A second site at Aylesbury , Buckinghamshire, houses

2132-459: The creation of the library and the charitable trust. It was also under his stewardship that the registration system became computerised. The first successful annual all-breed dog show was produced by Charles Cruft in 1891. He produced the Crufts dog show for 45 years until his death in 1938. His widow, Emma, continued for four shows. She then sold it to the Kennel Club, as she felt unable to devote

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2184-460: The dog will have a yellow coat. If a dog has a loss-of-function mutation at MC1R, it will also have a yellow coat, regardless of the genotypes at the other two loci. Dogs carrying wild-type alleles for MC1R and Agouti, together with the black allele of CBD103, will have a black coat. According to a 2011 study, 13 out of 245 Labradors studied were heterozygous for the M264V mutation responsible for

2236-461: The first time in January 2010 after consultations with breed clubs. The scheme was meant to help potential dog owners identify responsible breeders, but has been described by the Dogs Trust as "full of pitfalls, the main one being that it's self-certificating". The Associate Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare report indicated that the low breeding standards practiced by some in the ABS may allow

2288-415: The health of purebred dogs. The programme led various sponsors to withdraw their participation in Crufts and the BBC eventually dropped Crufts 2009 from its coverage. The Kennel Club initially defended their practices, and criticised the programme as "highly biased". It also lodged a complaint to regulatory authority Ofcom . Ofcom rejected the Kennel Club's claim of unfair editing and deceit, but found that

2340-512: The late 1800s, with liver-coloured pups documented at the Buccleuch kennels in 1892; the first yellow Labrador on record was born in 1899 (Ben of Hyde, kennels of Major C.J. Radclyffe). The breed was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1903. The first American Kennel Club (AKC) registration was in 1917. There is a great deal of variety among Labradors. The following characteristics are typical of

2392-656: The public an opportunity to meet representatives of all pedigree dog breeds and talk with breed experts about the suitability of the breed as a pet. Until 2014, this two-day annual event was held at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in London in November. Since 2015, it has been held in October at the ExCeL Centre in East London. The event includes the semi-finals for the Kennel Gazette Junior Warrant competition,

2444-400: The public to be "falsely led into thinking a puppy they buy from an accredited breeder registered with the KC will have no health or welfare problems associated with its breeding history." It called for more random checks and robust enforcement of the scheme and states that "the use of the word ‘pedigree’ should be tied to a high standard of breeding (for health and welfare) across the board with

2496-469: The raw capacity to be trained to perform as a gun dog, a significant amount of thought and effort is given to breeding in specific desired traits into dogs from field bred lines that greatly enhance the training process. When breeding retrievers for field work, extensive consideration is given to: The average lifespan of a retriever is about 10–12 years. Some may live up to 15 years. Labrador retriever The Labrador Retriever or simply Labrador

2548-504: The time to running such a large undertaking and she wanted to perpetuate her husband's legacy. No shows were held during the Second World War . The first Crufts show held by the Kennel Club was in 1948 at Olympia, London . The show was first televised by the BBC in 1950. The 1954 edition was cancelled due to the strike of electricians. The show moved to Earls Court in 1979, where it remained until staging its centenary show in 1991 at

2600-518: Was appointed as chairman at the first annual general meeting of the Kennel Club on 1 December 1874. The Kennel Club saw particular change under the chairmanship of John MacDougall during the period 1981 to 1996. Among the changes he helped introduce were the revamping of the Club's constitution, the development of the Junior Organisation to encourage youth participation in the sport of dog showing, and

2652-422: Was bred as a sporting and hunting dog but is widely kept as a companion dog . It may also be trained as a guide or assistance dog , or for rescue or therapy work. In the 1830s, the 10th Earl of Home and his nephews, the 5th Duke of Buccleuch and Lord John Scott , imported progenitors of the breed from Newfoundland to Europe for use as gun dogs. Another early advocate of these Newfoundland fishing dogs

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2704-412: Was the 2nd Earl of Malmesbury , who bred them for their expertise in waterfowling . During the 1880s, the 3rd Earl of Malmesbury , the 6th Duke of Buccleuch , and the 12th Earl of Home collaborated to develop and establish the Labrador Retriever breed. The dogs Buccleuch Avon and Buccleuch Ned, given by Malmesbury to Buccleuch, were mated with bitches carrying blood from those originally imported by

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