Misplaced Pages

#413586

80-717: The academy traces its history to the Imperial Academy of Arts . After the October Revolution , the academy actually stopped working and was abolished by a decree of the RSFSR government on April 12, 1918; after a series of transformations in the building of the Academy of Arts, the Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture was established in 1932 (the modern St. Petersburg Academy of Arts named after Ilya Repin). On March 14, 1917,

160-472: A central part of what was called the Palace Square. The Palace Square served as St. Petersburg's nerve center by linking it to all the city's most important buildings. The presence of the Palace Square was extremely significant to the urban development of St. Petersburg, and while it became less of a nerve center later into the 20th century, its symbolic value was still very much preserved. Catherine acquired

240-613: A collection of 119 paintings in Paris from Count Baudouin in 1781. Catherine's favorite items to collect were believed to be engraved gems and cameos. At the inaugural exhibit of the Hermitage, opened by Charles, Prince of Wales in November 2000, there was an entire gallery devoted to representing and displaying Catherine's favorite items. In this gallery her cameos are displayed along with cabinet made by David Roentgen, which holds her engraved gems. As

320-437: A de facto government department; it supervised matters concerning art throughout the country, distributing orders and awarding ranks to artists. The academy vigorously promoted the principles of Neoclassicism by sending the most notable Russian painters abroad, in order to learn the ancient and Renaissance styles of Italy and France . It also had its own sizable collection of choice artworks intended for study and copying. In

400-551: A hermit or recluse. The word derives from Old French hermit , ermit "hermit, recluse", from Late Latin eremita , from Greek eremites , that means "people who live alone", which is in turn derived from ἐρημός ( erēmos ), "desert". Originally, the only building housing the collection was the "Small Hermitage". Today, the Hermitage Museum encompasses many buildings on the Palace Embankment and its neighbourhoods. Apart from

480-554: A new building. It took 25 years to complete the Neoclassical edifice, which opened in 1789. Konstantin Thon was responsible for the sumptuous decoration of the interiors. He also designed a quayside in front of the building, with stairs down to the Neva River, and adorned it with two 3000-year-old sphinxes , which were transported from Egypt . Ivan Betskoy reorganized the academy into

560-645: A number of artistic subjects and art history. However, neither by the beginning of the academic year, nor in the first months after the October Revolution, the reform of the academy took a practical course. On April 12, 1918, by decree of the Council of People's Commissars , the Academy of Arts was abolished, the funds of the academic museum were to be transferred to the Russian Museum, the Higher Art School at

640-493: A separate workshop, materials for work and a generous cash allowance. Those admitted to the competition were obliged to execute the «program» , to draw a picture according to the program (creative task), one for all, approved by the Council of the Academy of Arts. The task, most often on a historical theme, was made in such a way that the participant showed all the professional skills and knowledge he mastered during his studies. After

720-834: Is Zurab Tsereteli and its vice-president is Tair Salakhov . The historic building on the Neva River in St. Petersburg is used for the Repin Institute of Arts (in Russian: «Институт имени Репина» ), full name: Ilya Repin St. Petersburg State Academic Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture , in honor of one of its well-known alumni. It is also called the St. Petersburg State Academic Institute of Fine Arts, Sculpture and Architecture (as on its website) . Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum (Russian: Государственный Эрмитаж , romanized : Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž , IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ] )

800-573: Is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg , Russia. It was founded in 1764 when Empress Catherine the Great acquired a collection of paintings from the Berlin merchant Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky . The museum celebrates the anniversary of its founding each year on 7 December, Saint Catherine's Day . It has been open to the public since 1852. The Art Newspaper ranked the museum 10th in their list of

880-588: Is displayed in the General Staff Building (Saint Petersburg) . It features Matisse , Derain and other fauvists , Picasso , Malevich , Petrocelli , Kandinsky , Giacomo Manzù , Giorgio Morandi and Rockwell Kent . A large room is devoted to the German Romantic art of the 19th century, including several paintings by Caspar David Friedrich . The second floor of the Western wing features collections of

SECTION 10

#1732844879414

960-517: Is now closed. The rooms and galleries along the southern facade and in the western wing of the New Hermitage are now entirely devoted to Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting of the 17th century, including the large collections of Van Dyck , Rubens and Rembrandt . The first floor rooms on the southern facade of the Winter Palace are occupied by the collections of German fine art of

1040-805: The Alexander Palace , the Stroganov Palace , and the Yusupov Palace , as well as from other palaces of Saint Petersburg and suburbs. In 1922, a collection of 19th-century European paintings was transferred to the Hermitage from the Academy of Arts . In turn, in 1927 about 500 important paintings were transferred to the Central Museum of old Western art in Moscow at the insistence of the Soviet authorities. In 1928,

1120-589: The Great Courtyard of the Winter Palace has been open to the public. In 2003, the Hermitage loaned 142 pieces to the University of Michigan Museum of Art for an exhibition titled The Romanovs Collect: European Art from the Hermitage . In December 2004, the museum discovered another looted work of art: Venus Disarming Mars by Rubens was once in the collection of the Rheinsberg Palace near Berlin, and

1200-507: The Greek revival style in the early 1850s, using painted polished stucco and columns of natural marble and granite . The Room of the Great Vase in the western wing features the 2.57 m (8.4 ft) high Kolyvan Vase, weighing 19 t (42,000 lb), made of jasper in 1843 and installed before the walls were erected. While the western wing was designed for exhibitions, the rooms on

1280-771: The Institute of Proletarian Fine Arts in 1930, the Russian Academy of Arts in 1933, and the Academy of Arts of the USSR in 1947. After the Academy's move to Moscow that year, the building in what was then called Leningrad was renamed Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. The national academy has stayed in Moscow. In 1991 it was renamed the Russian Academy of Arts. The old academy's art collection, which included major works by Poussin , David and Ingres,

1360-560: The Menshikov Palace , Museum of Porcelain, Storage Facility at Staraya Derevnya, and the eastern wing of the General Staff Building are also part of the museum. The museum has several exhibition centers abroad. The Hermitage is a federal state property. Since July 1992, the director of the museum has been Mikhail Piotrovsky . Of the six buildings in the main museum complex, five—namely the Winter Palace, Small Hermitage, Old Hermitage, New Hermitage, and Hermitage Theatre —are all open to

1440-523: The Nicholas Hall of the Winter Palace and lasted a year. Of the paintings, all but one originated from private rather than state German collections, including 56 paintings from the Otto Krebs collection, as well as the collection of Bernhard Koehler and paintings previously belonging to Otto Gerstenberg and his daughter Margarete Scharf, including the world-famous Place de la Concorde by Degas , In

1520-552: The Red Army in Germany in 1945 were held in the Hermitage. But only in October 1994 did the Hermitage officially announce that it had secretly been holding a major trove of French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings from German private collections. The exhibition "Hidden Treasures Revealed", where 74 of the paintings were displayed for the first time, was opened on 30 March 1995 in

1600-661: The Russian Revolution , the academy was renamed several times. It established free tuition; students from across the country competed fiercely for its few places annually. In 1947 the national institution was moved to Moscow, and much of its art collection was moved to the Hermitage . The building in Leningrad was devoted to the Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture , named in honor of

1680-748: The Russian Revolution of 1917 , the Imperial Academy passed through a series of transformations. It was formally abolished in 1918 and the Petrograd Free Art Educational Studios ( Pegoskhuma ) created in its place; this was renamed the Petrograd Svomas (Free Art Studios) in 1919, the Petrograd State Art-Educational Studios of the Reconstructed Academy of Arts in 1921, Vkhutein in 1928,

SECTION 20

#1732844879414

1760-475: The most visited art museums , with 2,812,913 visitors in 2022. Its collections, of which only a small part is on permanent display, comprise over three million items (the numismatic collection accounts for about one-third of them). The collections occupy a large complex of six historic buildings along Palace Embankment , including the Winter Palace , a former residence of Russian emperors. Apart from them,

1840-534: The 13th to the 20th centuries. Since 1940, the Egyptian collection, dating back to 1852 and including the former Castiglione Collection, has occupied a large hall on the ground floor in the eastern part of the Winter Palace. The collection of classical antiquities occupies most of the ground floor of the Old and New Hermitage buildings. The interiors of the ground floor were designed by German architect Leo von Klenze in

1920-410: The 16th century and French fine art of the 15th–18th centuries, including paintings by Poussin , Lorrain , Watteau . The collections of French decorative and applied art from the 17th–18th centuries and British applied and fine art from the 16th–19th century, including Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds , are on display in nearby rooms facing the courtyard . The richly decorated interiors of

2000-516: The 16th–18th centuries, including Veronese , Giambattista Pittoni , Tintoretto , Velázquez and Murillo . The Knights' Hall, a large room in the eastern part of the New Hermitage originally designed in the Greek revival style for the display of coins, now hosts a collection of Western European arms and armour from the 15th–17th centuries, part of the Hermitage Arsenal collection. The Gallery of

2080-402: The Academy and organized their own exhibitions, which traveled from town to town across Russia. Ilya Repin , Mikhail Vrubel and some other painters still regarded the academy's training as indispensable for the development of basic professional and technical skills. In 1893, Imperial Academy of Arts was divided into the Academy of Arts itself, which was responsible for all the artistic work in

2160-589: The Commissioner of the Provisional Government for the institutions of the former Ministry of the Imperial Court , Fyodor Aleksandrovich Golovin , notified the meeting of members of the academy and the Council of Professors of the Higher Art School that he was leading. Princess Maria Pavlovna , as a person belonging to the dynasty, cannot be the president of the Academy of Arts, but "under the new system,

2240-661: The French in Kassel during the war. The Hermitage collection of Rembrandts was then considered the largest in the world. Also among Alexander's purchases from Josephine's estate were the first four sculptures by the neoclassical Italian sculptor Antonio Canova to enter the Hermitage collection. Between 1840 and 1843, Vasily Stasov redesigned the interiors of the Southern Pavilion of the Small Hermitage. In 1838, Nicholas I commissioned

2320-501: The Garden by Renoir , and White House at Night by Van Gogh . Some of the paintings are now on permanent display in several small rooms in the northeastern corner of the Winter Palace on the first floor. In 1993, the Russian government gave the eastern wing of the nearby General Staff Building across the Palace Square to the Hermitage and the new exhibition rooms in 1999. Since 2003,

2400-668: The Hermitage and later donated them to form a nucleus of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. (see also Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings ). With the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, before the Siege of Leningrad started, two trains with a considerable part of the collections were evacuated to Sverdlovsk . Two bombs and a number of shells hit the museum buildings during

2480-460: The Hermitage foundation decided to create a further branch in Italy with the launch of a national bid. Several northern Italian cities expressed interest such as Verona, Mantua, Ferrara and Turin. In 2007, the honor was awarded to the city of Ferrara which proposed its Castle Estense as the base. Since then, the new institution called Ermitage Italia started a research and scientific collaboration with

Saint Petersburg Repin Academy of Arts - Misplaced Pages Continue

2560-708: The Hermitage. From 1787 to 1792, Quarenghi designed and built a wing along the Winter Canal with the Raphael Loggias to replicate the loggia in the Apostolic Palace in Rome designed by Donato Bramante and frescoed by Raphael. Catherine's collection of at least 4,000 paintings came to rival the older and more prestigious museums of Western Europe. Catherine took great pride in her collection and actively participated in extensive competitive art gathering and collecting that

2640-533: The History of Ancient Painting adjoins the Knights' Hall and also flanks the skylight rooms. It was designed by Leo von Klenze in the Greek revival style as a prelude to the museum and features neoclassical marble sculptures by Antonio Canova and his followers. In the middle, the gallery opens to the main staircase of the New Hermitage, which served as the entrance to the museum before the October Revolution of 1917, but

2720-551: The Oriental art (from China, India, Mongolia, Tibet, Central Asia, Byzantium and Near East). Catherine the Great started her art collection in 1764 by purchasing paintings from Berlin merchant Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky . He assembled the collection for Frederick II of Prussia , who ultimately refused to purchase it. Thus, Gotzkowsky provided 225 or 317 paintings (conflicting accounts list both numbers), mainly Flemish and Dutch, as well as others, including 90 not precisely identified, to

2800-728: The Pavilion Hall in the Northern Pavilion of the Small Hermitage from 1851 to 1858. In 1861, the Hermitage purchased from the Papal government part of the Giampietro Campana collection, which consisted mostly classical antiquities. These included over 500 vases, 200 bronzes and a number of marble statues. The Hermitage acquired Madonna Litta , which was then attributed to Leonardo, in 1865, and Raphael's Connestabile Madonna in 1870. In 1884 in Paris, Alexander III of Russia acquired

2880-472: The Russian Empire, and the Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts, which dealt only with academic affairs. The initiator of the reform was the vice-president of the Academy, Count Ivan Ivanovich Tolstoy . The Charter, approved at the end of 1893, divided the former Academy into two institutions: Both institutions were located in St. Petersburg in the historic building of the Academy of Arts. Instead of

2960-486: The Russian crown. The collection consisted of Rembrandt (13 paintings), Rubens (11 paintings), Jacob Jordaens (7 paintings), Anthony van Dyck (5 paintings), Paolo Veronese (5 paintings), Frans Hals (3 paintings, including Portrait of a Young Man with a Glove ), Raphael (2 paintings), Holbein (2 paintings), Titian (1 painting), Jan Steen ( The Idlers ), Hendrik Goltzius , Dirck van Baburen , Hendrick van Balen and Gerrit van Honthorst . Perhaps some of

3040-826: The Small Hermitage from the Northern to Southern Pavilion house an exhibition of Western European decorative and applied art from the 12th to 15th century and the fine art of the Low Countries from the 15th and 16th centuries. The rooms on the first floor of the Old Hermitage were designed by Andrei Stakenschneider in revival styles in between 1851 and 1860, although the design survives only in some of them. They feature works of Italian Renaissance artists, including Giorgione , Titian , Veronese , as well as Benois Madonna and Madonna Litta attributed to Leonardo da Vinci or his school. The Italian Renaissance galleries continues in

3120-533: The Small Hermitage, the museum now also includes the "Old Hermitage" (also called "Large Hermitage"), the "New Hermitage", the " Hermitage Theatre ", and the " Winter Palace ", the former main residence of the Russian tsars. In recent years, the Hermitage has expanded to the General Staff Building on the Palace Square facing the Winter Palace, and the Menshikov Palace . The Western European Art collection includes European paintings, sculpture, and applied art from

3200-463: The Small Hermitage. During the time of Catherine, the Hermitage was not a public museum and few people were allowed to view its holdings. Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe also rebuilt rooms in the second story of the south-east corner block that was originally built for Elizabeth and later occupied by Peter III . The largest room in this particular apartment was the Audience Chamber (also called

3280-551: The Soviet government ordered the Hermitage to compile a list of valuable works of art for export. From 1930 to 1934, over two thousand works of art from the Hermitage collection were clandestinely sold at auctions abroad or directly to foreign officials and businesspeople. The sold items included Raphael 's Alba Madonna , Titian 's Venus with a Mirror , and Jan van Eyck 's Annunciation , among other world known masterpieces by Botticelli , Rembrandt , Van Dyck , and others. In 1931 Andrew W. Mellon acquired 21 works of art from

Saint Petersburg Repin Academy of Arts - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-602: The Throne Hall) which consisted of 227 square meters. The Hermitage buildings served as a home and workplace for nearly a thousand people, including the Imperial family. In addition to this, they also served as an extravagant showplace for all kinds of Russian relics and displays of wealth prior to the art collections. Many events were held in these buildings including masquerades for the nobility, grand receptions and ceremonies for state and government officials. The "Hermitage complex"

3440-429: The Ukrainian-born Repin , one of the foremost realist artists in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. Since 1991 it has been called the St. Petersburg Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture . The academy was initially located in the Shuvalov Mansion on Sadovaya Street. In 1764, Catherine the Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned its first rector , Alexander Kokorinov , to design

3520-409: The Winter Palace, features jewellery from the Pontic steppes , Caucasus and Asia, in particular Scythian and Sarmatian gold. Pavilion Hall, designed by Andrei Stackenschneider in 1858, occupies the first floor of the Northern Pavilion in the Small Hermitage. It features the 18th-century golden Peacock Clock by James Cox and a collection of mosaics . Two galleries spanning the west side of

3600-420: The Winter Palace, the former Imperial residence, were proclaimed state museums and eventually merged. The range of the Hermitage's exhibits was further expanded when private art collections from several palaces of the Russian Tsars and numerous private mansions were nationalized and redistributed among major Soviet state museums. Particularly notable was the influx of old masters from the Catherine Palace ,

3680-418: The academy itself (in the status of a scientific and artistic institution), the Higher Art School and provincial art schools. According to the project, the School's classes were eliminated, and instead, main (major) and auxiliary workshops were introduced. The main workshops were to be led by professor-supervisors and were designed for a training period of 3 to 5 years. The auxiliary courses were intended to cover

3760-424: The academy was subject to reorganization; On October 10, 1918, the opening of the reformed School took place, which received the name Petrograd State Free Art and Educational Workshops (PGSKHUM). In 1921, they were renamed the Petrograd State Art and Educational Workshops at the recreated Academy of Arts. In 1922, they were transformed into the Higher Art and Technical Institute (VKHUTEIN, LVKhTI). In 1930, VKHUTEIN

3840-427: The arts. Using the title Catherine the Minerva, she created new institutions of literature and culture and also participated in many projects of her own, mostly play writing. The representation of Catherine alongside Minerva would come to be a tradition of enlightened patronage in Russia. In 1815, Alexander I of Russia purchased 38 pictures from the heirs of Joséphine de Beauharnais , most of which had been looted by

3920-446: The best collections offered for sale by the heirs of prominent collectors. In 1769, she purchased Brühl 's collection, consisting of over 600 paintings and a vast number of prints and drawings, in Saxony . Three years later, she bought Crozat 's collection of paintings in France with the assistance of Denis Diderot . Next, in 1779, she acquired the collection of 198 paintings that once belonged to Robert Walpole in London followed by

4000-430: The building. In her lifetime, Catherine acquired 4,000 paintings from the old masters, 38,000 books, 10,000 engraved gems, 10,000 drawings, 16,000 coins and medals, and a natural history collection filling two galleries, so in 1771 she commissioned Yury Felten to build another major extension. The neoclassical building was completed in 1787 and has come to be known as the Large Hermitage or Old Hermitage. Catherine also gave

4080-407: The collection of Alexander Basilewski , featuring European medieval and Renaissance artifacts. In 1885, the Arsenal collection of arms and armour, founded by Alexander I of Russia , was transferred from the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo to the Hermitage. In 1914, Leonardo's Benois Madonna was added to the collection. Immediately after the Revolution of 1917, the Imperial Hermitage and

SECTION 50

#1732844879414

4160-399: The east of the Winter Palace which he completed in 1766. Later it became the Southern Pavilion of the Small Hermitage. From 1767 to 1769, French architect Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe built the Northern Pavilion on the Neva embankment. Between 1767 and 1775, the extensions were connected by galleries, where Catherine put her collections. The entire neoclassical building is now known as

4240-478: The eastern wing of the New Hermitage with paintings, sculpture, majolica and tapestry from Italy of the 15th–16th centuries, including Conestabile Madonna and Madonna with Beardless St. Joseph by Raphael . The first floor of New Hermitage contains three large interior spaces in the center of the museum complex with red walls and lit from above by skylights. These are adorned with 19th-century Russian lapidary works and feature Italian and Spanish canvases of

4320-503: The end of 2006 several of the stolen items had been recovered. In March 2020, Apple released a continuous 5 hour and 19 minute one shot film recorded entirely on an iPhone 11 Pro detailing many rooms of the museum which highlighted not only the artwork, but also the architecture, and live movement pieces interspersed throughout. In recent years, the Hermitage launched several dependencies abroad and domestically. The Hermitage dependency in Kazan ( Tatarstan , Russia), opened in 2005. It

4400-408: The famous Gonzaga Cameo, Italic art from the 9th to second century BC, Roman marble and bronze sculpture and applied art from the first century BC to fourth century AD, including copies of Classical and Hellenistic Greek sculptures. One of the highlights of the collection is the Tauride Venus , which, according to latest research, is an original Hellenistic Greek sculpture rather than a Roman copy as it

4480-596: The first floor of the Winter Palace on its eastern, northern and western sides are part of the Russian culture collection and host the exhibitions of Russian art from the 11th-19th centuries. French Neoclassical , Impressionist and post-Impressionist art, including works by Renoir , Monet , Van Gogh and Gauguin , are displayed on the fourth floor of the Eastern Wing of the General Staff Building. Also displayed are paintings by Camille Pissarro (Boulevard Montmartre, Paris), Paul Cézanne (Mount Sainte-Victoire), Alfred Sisley , Henri Morel , and Degas . Modern art

4560-468: The former Soviet Union and Russian Empire . Among them is a renowned collection of the art and culture of nomadic tribes of the Altai from Pazyryk and Bashadar sites, including the world's oldest surviving knotted-pile carpet and a well-preserved wooden chariot , both from the 4th–3rd centuries BC. The Caucasian exhibition includes a collection of Urartu artifacts from Armenia and Western Armenia . Many of them were excavated at Teishebaini under

4640-424: The ground floor in the eastern wing of the New Hermitage, now also hosting exhibitions, were originally intended for libraries . The collection of classical antiquities features Greek artifacts from the third millennium – fifth century BC, ancient Greek pottery , items from the Greek cities of the North Pontic Greek colonies , Hellenistic sculpture and jewellery, including engraved gems and cameos , such as

4720-410: The mid-19th century, the Academism of training staff, much influenced by the doctrines of Dominique Ingres , was challenged by a younger generation of Russian artists who asserted their freedom to paint in a Realistic style . The adherents of this movement became known as peredvizhniki (Itinerants, related to their desire to bring art to the people). Led by Ivan Kramskoi , they publicly broke with

4800-414: The most famous and notable artworks that were a part of Catherine's original purchase from Gotzkowsky were Danaë , painted by Rembrandt in 1636; Descent from the Cross , painted by Rembrandt in 1624; and Portrait of a Young Man Holding a Glove , painted by Frans Hals in 1650. These paintings remain in the Hermitage collection today. In 1764, Catherine commissioned Yury Felten to build an extension on

4880-445: The name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts . Catherine the Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned a new building, completed 25 years later in 1789 by the Neva River . The academy promoted the neoclassical style and technique, and sent its promising students to European capitals for further study. Training at the academy was virtually required for artists to make successful careers. Formally abolished in 1918 after

SECTION 60

#1732844879414

4960-417: The name of the Hermitage to her private theatre , built nearby between 1783 and 1787 by the Italian architect Giacomo Quarenghi . In London in 1787, Catherine acquired the collection of sculpture that belonged to Lyde Browne , mostly Ancient Roman marbles. Catherine used them to adorn the Catherine Palace and park in Tsarskoye Selo , but later they became the core of the Classical Antiquities collection of

5040-417: The name until the 1990s, when it was transformed into the St. Petersburg Repin State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Imperial Academy of Arts The Russian Academy of Arts , informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts , was an art academy in Saint Petersburg , founded in 1757 by the founder of the Imperial Moscow University Ivan Shuvalov under

5120-402: The neoclassical German architect Leo von Klenze to design a building for the public museum. Space for the museum was made next to the Small Hermitage by the demolition of the Shepelev Palace and royal stables. The construction was overseen by the Russian architects Vasily Stasov and Nikolai Yefimov from 1842 to 1851 and incorporated Quarenghi's wing with the Raphael Loggias. The New Hermitage

5200-645: The old professors, peredvizhniki artists were invited to teaching positions at the Higher Art School. The program of study at the Higher School has changed significantly: the institute of professors and managers was established and free topics for competitive tests were established. New professors came to the academy, among whom Ilya Repin stood out. Famous artists were invited by the heads of personal workshops: Vladimir Makovsky , Ivan Shishkin , Arkhip Kuindzhi , Aleksey Kivshenko . Later came: Alexander Kiselyov , Dmitry Kardovsky , Nikolay Dubovskoy , Nikolay Samokish , Vasily Mate . The Big Gold Medal, which granted

5280-413: The public. The entrance ticket for foreign tourists costs more than the fee paid by citizens of Russia and Belarus. However, entrance is free of charge the third Thursday of every month for all visitors, and free daily for students and children. The museum is closed on Mondays. The entrance for individual visitors is located in the Winter Palace, accessible from the Courtyard. A hermitage is the dwelling of

5360-409: The right to a foreign pensioner (from three to six years), was awarded in a competition to which the most talented graduates of the Academy were allowed to complete their studies, awarded to the beginning of the competition with the small gold medal of the Academy «For Success in Drawing» . Graduates who received a large gold medal remained at the Academy of Arts for another year; they were provided with

5440-407: The siege. The museum opened an exhibition in November 1944. In October 1945 the evacuated collections were brought back, and in November 1945 the museum reopened. In 1948, 316 works of Impressionist , post-Impressionist , and modern art from the collection of the Museum of New Western Art in Moscow, originating mostly from the nationalized collections of Sergei Shchukin and Ivan Morozov before

5520-420: The supervision of Boris Piotrovsky , former director of the Hermitage Museum. Four small rooms on the ground floor, enclosed in the middle of the New Hermitage between the room displaying Classical Antiquities, comprise the first treasure gallery, featuring western jewellery from the 4th millennium BC to the early 20th century AD. The second treasure gallery, located on the ground floor in the southwest corner of

5600-424: The symbol of Minerva was frequently used and favored by Catherine to represent her patronage of the arts, a cameo of Catherine as Minerva is also displayed here. This particular cameo was created for her by her daughter-in-law, the Grand Duchess Maria Fyodorovna . This is only a small representation of Catherine's vast collection of many antique and contemporary engraved gems and cameos. The collection soon overgrew

5680-430: The useful activities of the Academy will continue." Instead of Imperial, it began to be called Petersburg. At the end of April, the commissioner of the Provisional Government, architect Alexander Tamanian , became vice-president of the academy (with the rights of president), and by the summer, a commission elected by the academy prepared a project for its reform. It was planned to divide the Academy of Arts into three parts:

5760-471: The war, were transferred to the Hermitage, including works by Matisse and Picasso . On 15 June 1985, a man later judged insane attacked Rembrandt's painting Danaë , displayed in the museum. He threw sulfuric acid on the canvas and cut it twice with a knife. The restoration of the painting had been accomplished by Hermitage conservationists by 1997, and Danaë is now on display behind armoured glass. In 1991, it became known that some paintings looted by

5840-414: Was a creation of Catherine's that allowed all kinds of festivities to take place in the palace, the theatre and even the museum of the Hermitage. This helped solidify the Hermitage as not only a dwelling place for the Imperial family, but also as an important symbol and memorial to the imperial Russian state. Today, the palace and the museum are one and the same. In Catherine's day, the Winter Palace served as

5920-563: Was apparently looted by Soviet troops from the Königsberg Castle in East Prussia in 1945. At the time, Mikhail Piotrovsky said the painting would be cleaned and displayed. The museum announced in July 2006 that 221 minor items, including jewelry, Orthodox icons, silverware and richly enameled objects, had been stolen. The value of the stolen items was estimated to be approximately $ 543,000. By

6000-687: Was created with support from President of the Republic of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev and is a subdivision of the Kazan Kremlin State Historical and Architectural Museum-Park. The museum is situated in the Kazan Kremlin in an edifice previously occupied by the Junker School built in the beginning of the 19th century. Following the prior experiences in London, Las Vegas , Amsterdam and Kazan,

6080-595: Was opened to the public on 5 February 1852. In the same year the Egyptian Collection of the Hermitage Museum emerged and was particularly enriched by items given by the Duke of Leuchtenberg , Nicholas I's son-in-law. Meanwhile, from 1851 to 1860, the interiors of the Old Hermitage were redesigned by Andrei Stackensneider to accommodate the State Assembly, Cabinet of Ministers and state apartments. Stakenschneider created

6160-506: Was prevalent in European royal court culture. Through her art collection she gained European acknowledgment and acceptance and portrayed Russia as an enlightened society. Catherine went on to invest much of her identity in being a patron of the arts. She was particularly fond of the Roman deity Minerva, whose characteristics according to classical tradition are military prowess, wisdom, and patronage of

6240-727: Was removed to the Hermitage Museum across the river. During the Soviet era, academies were free of tuition fees as they were financed by the government, but admission was intensely competitive. Many would-be students would apply to the Academy for as many as six or seven years in a row without success. With just twenty places available and thousands of applicants, the competition was brutal. Well-known graduates of Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1930–1950s include: The Russian Academy of Arts has been headquartered in Moscow since 1947. Its current president

6320-423: Was reorganized into the Institute of Proletarian Fine Arts (INPII). The Faculty of Architecture was abolished, its students were transferred to the Leningrad Institute of Municipal Construction Engineers (LIICS, formerly the Institute of Civil Engineers). In 1932, INPII was transformed into the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, which in 1944 was named after Ilya Efimovich Repin . It retained

6400-604: Was thought before. There are, however, only a few pieces of authentic Classical Greek sculpture and sepulchral monuments. On the ground floor in the western wing of the Winter Palace the collections of prehistoric artifacts and the culture and art of the Caucasus are located, as well as the second treasure gallery. The prehistoric artifacts date from the Paleolithic to the Iron Age and were excavated all over Russia and other parts of

#413586