39-477: Regina Elena (English: Queen Elena ) may refer to Queen Elena of Italy (Italian: Regina Elena ) The Premio Regina Elena , an Italian flat race for horses Regina Elena , an Italian barque launched in 1903 Regina Elena , an Italian battleship launched in 1904. Queen Mother Elena of Romania Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
78-437: A tuber , from which the leaves, flowers and roots grow. In most species leaves come up in autumn , grow through the winter and then die in spring , then the plant goes dormant through the dry Mediterranean summer . The storage organ of the cyclamen is a round tuber , which develops from the hypocotyl (the stem of a seedling ). It is often mistakenly called a corm , but a corm (found in crocuses, for example) has
117-570: A nurse and, with the help of the Queen Mother, she turned the Quirinal Palace and Villa Margherita into hospitals, which functioned from July 1915 until 1919. To raise funds, she invented the "signed photograph", which was sold at the charity desks. At the end of the war, she proposed to sell the crown treasures to pay the war debts. In 1920, she founded the Elena di Savoia foundation for scholarships to
156-440: A papery tunic and a basal plate from which the roots grow. The storage organ of the cyclamen has no papery covering and, depending on the species, roots may grow out of any part. It is therefore properly classified as a tuber (somewhat like a potato). The tuber may produce roots from the top, sides or bottom, depending on the species. Cyclamen persicum and Cyclamen coum root from the bottom; Cyclamen hederifolium roots from
195-603: A pointed tip. The leaf margin may be smooth, as in Cyclamen coum subsp. coum , or finely toothed, as in Cyclamen graecum . The color of the upper side of leaves is variable, even within a species. Most species have leaves variegated in several shades of green and silver, either in an irregular pattern of blotches or an arrowhead or Christmas-tree shape. In cultivation cyclamen, especially species other than Cyclamen persicum , are selected as often for striking or unusual leaf patterns as for their flowers. The lower side of leaves
234-510: A visit of Victor Emmanuel in Cetinje. Being of Orthodox religion , Elena, for reasons of royal opportunity and to support Queen Margherita, mother of Vittorio Emanuele, left Montenegro. On 21 October 1896, with Vittorio Emanuele, she landed in Bari , where at the basilica of St. Nicola, before the wedding, she converted to Catholicism from Orthodox Christianity , although her father would have preferred
273-585: Is a genus of 23 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Primulaceae . In English, it is known by the common names sowbread or swinebread . Cyclamen species are native to Europe and the Mediterranean Basin east to the Caucasus and Iran , with one species in Somalia . They grow from tubers and are valued for their flowers with upswept petals and variably patterned leaves . It
312-442: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Elena of Montenegro Elena of Montenegro ( Serbian : Јелена Петровић Његош / Jelena Petrović Njegoš ; 8 January 1873 – 28 November 1952) was Queen of Italy from 29 July 1900 until 9 May 1946 as the wife of King Victor Emmanuel III . As Victor Emmanuel's wife, she briefly claimed the titles Empress of Ethiopia and Queen of
351-499: Is often shiny and its color varies from plain green to rich red or purple. Most cyclamen species originate from the Mediterranean, where summers are hot and dry and winters are cool and wet, and are summer- dormant : their leaves sprout in the autumn, remain through the winter and wither the next spring. Cyclamen purpurascens and Cyclamen colchicum , however, originate from cooler regions in mountains and their leaves remain through
390-708: Is shown below. The phylogeny is based on morphology, cytology and DNA -sequences. A few species that were not included in the analysis are placed based on morphology only and are noted with a question mark. Cyclamen purpurascens Cyclamen africanum Cyclamen hederifolium Cyclamen balearicum Cyclamen creticum Cyclamen graecum Cyclamen rohlfsianum Cyclamen persicum Cyclamen somalense Cyclamen pseudibericum Cyclamen cyprium Cyclamen libanoticum Cyclamen coum Cyclamen mirabile Cyclamen intaminatum Cyclamen cilicium ? Cyclamen parviflorum ? Cyclamen alpinum ? A study published in 2004 produced
429-453: The sanctuary of Vicoforte , near Turin. The remains of Victor Emmanuel III were transferred two days later from Alexandria, and interred alongside hers. In recognition of her great faith and the charitable activities she supported, Pope Pius XI bestowed on her the highest honour at that time for a woman, the Golden Rose of Christianity, twice, in 1930 and 1937. In 2001, on the occasion of
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#1732852120093468-627: The Albanians ; both titles were dropped when her husband formally renounced them in 1943. Elena was the daughter of King Nicholas I and Queen Milena of Montenegro . With the opening of the case for her canonization, she was made Servant of God by the Catholic Church in 2001. She was born in Cetinje , at the time the capital of the Principality of Montenegro . She was raised in the values and unity of
507-601: The Voluntary Nurses for the Italian Red Cross from 1911 until 1921. She studied medicine and obtained a laurea honoris causa . She financed charitable institutions for people with encephalitis and tuberculosis , former soldiers and poor mothers. She was deeply involved in her fight against disease, and she promoted many efforts for the training of doctors, and for research against poliomyelitis , Parkinson's disease and cancer. During World War I Elena worked as
546-539: The age of 18. She was interested in pastel painting , hunting and fishing. She also attended the Russian Imperial Court and collaborated with the Russian literary magazine Nedelya by publishing poems. Elena was described as shy and reserved but also rather stubborn. Very attached to traditions, with a sensitive soul and a lively and curious mind, she was endowed with a strong love for nature: her favorite flower
585-527: The conversion to be proclaimed after the marriage. Her mother was so distressed that Elena had changed her religion, that she refused to come to the wedding ceremony in Rome. On 29 July 1900, following his father's assassination, Victor Emmanuel ascended the Italian throne. Officially, Elena assumed her husband's whole titles: she became Queen of Italy , and after Mussolini's occupations of Albania and Ethiopia she assumed
624-771: The family; the conversation at the table was conducted in French, and politics and poetry were discussed with equal ease; habits and relationships in the Petrović-Njegoš family did not stifle the spontaneity of characters and personalities. She was tutored by the Swiss governess Luisa Neukomm von Hallau (1852–1931), between the ages of six and twelve, after which she was educated at the Smolny Institute in Saint Petersburg in Russia until
663-468: The former king assumed the title of Count of Pollenzo. On 2 June 1946 a referendum resulted in 52 percent of voters favouring an Italian republic over the monarchy. The republic was formally proclaimed four days later, and the House of Savoy 's reign over Italy formally ended on 12 June 1946. Elena and Victor Emmanuel III went to Egypt, where they were welcomed with great honor by King Farouk , but forced to live
702-420: The great tragedy World War II would become. She influenced her husband to lobby Benito Mussolini , Prime Minister of Italy , for creation of the independent Kingdom of Montenegro in 1941. In 1943 she subsequently obtained the release from a German prison of her nephew, Prince Michael of Montenegro , and his wife, Geneviève. Prince Michael had been imprisoned after refusing to become King of Montenegro under
741-540: The middle. The fruit is a round pod , which opens by several flaps or teeth at maturity and contains numerous sticky seeds , brown at maturity. Natural seed dispersal is by ants ( myrmecochory ), which eat the sticky covering and then discard the seeds. The genus Cyclamen was first described by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753. A phylogeny of Cyclamen published in 2000, with four supported clades approximately corresponding to four subgenera,
780-574: The opening of the celebrations for the 50th anniversary of the death of Queen Elena, the bishop of Montpellier opened the diocesan process for her beatification . With the opening of her cause, she has been accorded the title Servant of God . King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and Queen Elena had 5 children: [REDACTED] Media related to Elena of Montenegro at Wikimedia Commons Cyclamen See text . Cyclamen ( US : / ˈ s aɪ k l ə m ə n / SY -klə-mən or UK : / ˈ s ɪ k l ə m ə n / SIK -lə-mən )
819-488: The orphaned children of former railway workers or soldiers; she suggested that every woman in Italy donated some of her jewelry to the children whose fathers had been sacrificed for the nation, and she started by donating some of her own. On 15 April 1937 Pope Pius XI gave her the Golden Rose , the most important honour given to a Catholic lady at the time. Pope Pius XII , in a condolence telegram sent to her son Umberto II upon
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#1732852120093858-401: The petal edges at the nose are curved outwards into auricles (Latin for ‘little ears’). Most species, such as Cyclamen persicum , have no auricles. In most species the style protrudes 1–3 mm out of the nose of the flower but the stamens are inside the flower. In Cyclamen rohlfsianum , however, the cone of anthers sticks out prominently, about 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) beyond
897-576: The protection of Italy. On 25 July 1943 Victor Emmanuel III had Benito Mussolini arrested. The king left Rome on 9 September to flee to Brindisi with the help of the Allies and Elena followed her husband in his escape. In contrast, on 23 September their daughter Mafalda was arrested by the Nazis and sent to Buchenwald concentration camp, where she died in 1944. Following the war, on 9 May 1946, Victor Emmanuel III abdicated in favour of their son Umberto, and
936-704: The queen's death, defined her as a "Lady of charitable work". In 1939, three months after the German invasion of Poland and the declaration of war by the United Kingdom and France, Elena wrote a letter to the six European Royals women, two of the monarch’s and the other four consorts still neutral ( Queen Alexandrine of Denmark , Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands , Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg , Queen Elisabeth of Belgium , Queen Ioanna of Bulgaria (her daughter) and Queen Maria, Queen Mother of Yugoslavia ) to avoid
975-642: The rest of their lives in exile. Victor Emmanuel III died a year later of pulmonary congestion in Alexandria . Elena stayed in Egypt a short time before moving to France. There, in Montpellier , she was diagnosed with a severe form of cancer, and died in November 1952 of pulmonary embolism while having surgery to treat it. 65 years after her death, on 15 December 2017, the remains of Elena were repatriated from Montpellier, to
1014-402: The rim of the corolla , similar to shooting-stars ( Primula sect. Dodecatheon ). The flower stem coils or bends when the fruit begins to form. The stems of Cyclamen hederifolium and Cyclamen coum coil starting at the end, Cyclamen persicum arches downwards but does not curl, Cyclamen rohlfsianum coils start near the tuber and Cyclamen graecum coils in both directions, starting in
1053-940: The round tuber. In English the species of the genus are commonly called by the genus name. Pliny the Elder describes how it was called in antiquity by Roman country men: tūber terrae, literally "earth truffle" or also amulētum "amulet", because it was believed that evil spells had no effect where it grew. In many languages cyclamen species are colloquially called by a name like the English sowbread or swinebread (because they are said to be eaten by pigs), based on Medieval Latin panis porcinus : Saubrot in German , pain de pourceau in French , pan porcino in Italian and varkensbrood in Dutch . Cyclamen have
1092-564: The stem is normally bent 150-180° at the tip so that the nose of the flower faces downwards. Cyclamen hederifolium 'Stargazer' is an exception: its nose faces upwards. Flowers have 5 petals , bent outwards or up, sometimes twisted, and connected at the base into a cup, and five sepals behind the cup. Petal shape varies depending on species and sometimes within the same species. Cyclamen repandum has petals much longer than wide, Cyclamen coum has stubby, almost round petals, and Cyclamen hederifolium usually has petals with proportions between
1131-416: The summer and wither only after the next year's leaves have developed. Flowering time may be any month of the year, depending on the species. Cyclamen hederifolium and Cyclamen purpurascens bloom in summer and autumn, Cyclamen persicum and Cyclamen coum bloom in winter and Cyclamen repandum blooms in spring. Each flower is on a stem coming from a growing point on the tuber. In all species
1170-442: The title Regina Elena . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regina_Elena&oldid=1254286211 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text Articles containing Italian-language text Short description
1209-540: The titles of Queen of Albania and Empress of Ethiopia . Elena was described as dignified but natural and simple, and kept the simple habits of her youth in Cetinje. She did not enjoy social life and entertainment or the life of public royal representational duties, but preferred to live a simple, quiet family life. She was described as a loving parent, devoted in giving her children a simple upbringing, designed to prevent them from feeling superior to other children because of their birth. To her appearance, Queen Elena
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1248-433: The top and sides. Cyclamen graecum has thick anchor roots on the bottom. The roots and tubes of cyclamen plants are known to contain the compound cyclamin . The shape of the tuber may be near spherical, as in Cyclamen coum , or flattened, as in Cyclamen hederifolium . In some older specimens of Cyclamen purpurascens and Cyclamen rohlfsianum growing points on the tuber become separated by shoulders of tissue and
1287-632: The tuber becomes misshapen. In most other species the tuber is round in old age. Leaves and flowers sprout from growing points on the top of the tuber. Growing points that have lengthened and become like woody stems are known as floral trunks . The size of the tuber varies depending on species. In Cyclamen hederifolium older tubers commonly reach 24 cm ( 9 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) across, but in Cyclamen parviflorum tubers do not grow larger than 2 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 in) across. Leaves sprout from growing points or floral trunks on top of
1326-532: The tuber. Each leaf grows on its own stem. Leaf stems in early growth may be distinguished from flower stems by the direction their tips curl: tips of leaf stems curl upwards and those of flower stems curl downwards. The shape of the leaves varies among the species and even among different specimens of the same species. Cyclamen hederifolium and Cyclamen repandum usually have leaves shaped like ivy , with angles and lobes, Cyclamen coum has nearly round leaves and Cyclamen persicum has heart-shaped leaves with
1365-630: The two young people. In April 1895 Elena attended the International Art Exhibition in Venice (at which she was presented to the king and queen of Italy) and the opera – where she was presented to Prince Victor Emmanuel. After another meeting in Russia, on the occasion of the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II , Vittorio Emanuele formulated the official request to Elena's father, Nicholas I. On 18 August 1896, Elena and Victor Emmanuel became engaged during
1404-490: The two. Petal color may be white, pink or purple, often with darker color on the nose. Many species have a pink form and a white form but a few have only one color, such as Cyclamen balearicum , which is always white. The dark color on the flower nose varies in shape: Cyclamen persicum has a smooth band, Cyclamen hederifolium has a streaky V and Cyclamen coum has an M-shaped splotch with two white or pink ‘eyes’ beneath. In some species, such as Cyclamen hederifolium ,
1443-412: Was described in 1911: On 28 December 1908 Messina was hit by a disastrous earthquake . Queen Elena helped with the rescuers. She visited the scene, organized for the wounded to be taken to a Hospital ship and assisted personally to their care as nurse; she also organized a fundraiser for the victims in Rome. This helped to increase her popularity within the country. Elena was the first Inspector of
1482-467: Was the cyclamen . She was a tall woman for her time, standing 180 cm (5 feet 11 inches), a notable contrast to her future husband who was 152 cm (5 feet). In Italy, Queen Margherita worried about the marriage of her only son, the future king, and in agreement with Francesco Crispi , who was of Albanian origin and eager for a greater influence for Italy in the Balkans, they arranged the meeting between
1521-499: Was traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae , was reclassified in the family Myrsinaceae in 2000 and finally, in 2009 with the introduction of the APG III system , was returned to the subfamily Myrsinoideae within the family Primulaceae . Cyclamen is Medieval Latin , from earlier Latin cyclamīnos , from Ancient Greek κυκλάμινος, kyklā́mīnos (also kyklāmī́s ), from κύκλος, kýklos "circle", because of
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